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Margaret Thatcher : a Portrait of the Iron Lady/ John Blundell

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Margaret Thatcher : a Portrait of the Iron Lady/ John Blundell MARGARET THATCHER A PORTRAIT OF THE IRON LADY MARGARET THATCHER A PORTRAIT OF THE IRON LADY John Blundell Algora Publishing New York © 2008 by Algora Publishing. All Rights Reserved www.algora.com No portion of this book (beyond what is permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the United States Copyright Act of 1976) may be reproduced by any process, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, without the express written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data — Blundell, John, 1952- Margaret Thatcher : A portrait of the iron lady/ John Blundell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-87586-630-7 (trade paper: alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-87586- 631-4 (case laminate: alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-87586-632-1 (ebook) 1. Thatcher, Margaret. 2. Prime ministers—Great Britain—Biography. 3. Women prime ministers—Great Britain—Biography. 4. Great Britain—Politics and government—1979-1997. 5. Conservative Party (Great Britain)—Biography. I. Title. DA591.T47B58 2008 941.085’8092—dc22 [B] 2008036677 Front Cover: 1983- London, England- The Rt. Honorable Margaret Thatcher is the Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury and Conservative Member of Parliament for Finchley. © Bettmann/CORBIS Printed in the United States John Blundell has been one of the most effective champions of the free- enterprise economic model which has delivered progress and prosperity around the world. Therefore he is very well placed to explain to Americans the beliefs and principles which underpinned what became known as “Thatcherism.” — Lady Thatcher, Summer 2008 List of Acronyms ARP Air Raid Precaution ASI Adam Smith Institute BA British Airways BAA British Airports Authority BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BIS Bank for International Settlements BOAC British Overseas Airways Corporation BP British Petroleum BSE Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy C. of E. Church of England CAP Common Agricultural Policy CBE Commander of the Order of the British Empire CBI Confederation of British Industry CCO Conservative Central Office CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy CIA Central Intelligence Agency CPC Conservative Political Centre CPS Centre for Policy Studies CUNY City University of New York ECB European Central Bank EDA European Defense Agency EEC European Economic Community ERM Exchange Rate Mechanism ESU English Speaking Union EU European Union FCS Federation of Conservative Students FSB Federation of Small Business GCSE General Certificate of Secondary Education GDP Gross Domestic Product HM Her Majesty HMS Her Majesty’s Ship IEA Institute of Economic Affairs IMF International Monetary Fund IRA Irish Republican Army IVP International Visitor Program JFK John F. Kennedy Airport LSE London School of Economics LUCA London University Conservative Association MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology MORI Market and Opinion Research International MP Member of Parliament NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NCB National Coal Board NFSE National Federation of Self-Employed (Later FSB) NHS National Health Service NI National Insurance NUM National Union of Mineworkers OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development OM Order of Merit OUCA Oxford University Conservative Association OUGCA Oxford University Graduate Conservative Association PBS Public Broadcasting Service PM Prime Minister POW Prisoner of War PPS Parliamentary Private Secretary QC Queen’s Counsel RAF Royal Air Force RPM Retail Price Maintenance SAS Special Air Service SAU Social Affairs Unit SBS Special Boat Service SDI Strategic Defense Initiative SUNY State University of New York THF The Heritage Foundation TUC Trades Union Congress UCS Upper Clyde Shipbuilders USAF United States Air Force USE “United States of Europe” USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics VAT Value Added Tax Acknowledgements This is not a work of scholarship. Rather it is a very personal interpretation of a very special life. The book was inspired by the enthusiastic reactions to speeches I have given about Lady Thatcher to The Heritage Foundation in Colorado Springs and in Washington DC as well as to the Texas Public Policy Foundation in Dallas. I thank Bridgett Wagner, Dr. Ed Feulner and Brooke Rollins for hosting me. The buzz I got from those events is still with me. From the start this book has been all about explaining the Thatcher phenomenon to people overseas, especially in the USA where she is so admired. The only piece of remotely “original” research appears in Chapter 5 where I give much more detail on, and far more weight to, Margaret Thatcher’s 1967 and 1969 visits to the United States than any previous biographer or in my case hagiographer. I thank Lord Hunt of the Wirral, Chairman of the English Speaking Union, and US Ambassador Robert Tuttle for their help in this regard. For a range of typing, editing, fact-checking, research and other help I thank in alphabetical order: Clare Batty, Christine Blundell, William Culleton III, Anthony Haynes, Rebekah Nordeck, Lisa Schwartz, and Robin Sillars. The usual disclaimer applies. For all those who believed in free markets and private property rights under the rule of law before 1975. There were not many of us and we know who we are. Protocol Lady Thatcher has had many names, titles and honors. For the sake of simplicity I have adopted the following protocol: As a young girl — Margaret As a college student and young professional — Miss Margaret Roberts As a young wife in the 1950s — Mrs. Denis Thatcher As an MP — Mrs. Margaret Thatcher MP In her many jobs — the relevant title In “retirement” — Lady Thatcher Should you ever have the honor of meeting her, I suggest you simply address her as “Prime Minister” or “Lady Thatcher.” TAB L E OF CONTENTS PREFACE 1 INTRODUCTION 11 1. CHI L DHOOD 17 2. UNIVERSITY 25 3. LAUNCHING 35 4. EL ECTED 45 5. Opp OSITION I 53 6. EDUCATION SECRETARY 63 7. REF L ECTIONS 71 8. LEADER 77 9. Opp OSITION II 83 10. POWER 89 11. LIBERATING THE ECONO M Y 93 12. PRIVATIZING THE CO mm ANDING HEIGHTS 99 13. SE ll ING OFF PUB L IC HOUSING 107 14. GOING TO WAR 113 15. BEATING THE MINERS 121 16. REFOR M ING THE UNIONS 127 17. BATT L ING THE IRA 131 xv Margaret Thatcher — A Portrait of the Iron Lady 18. BEFRIENDING AM ERICA 137 19. KIC K ING DOWN THE WA ll 141 20. DEA L ING WITH BRUSSE L S 147 21. RESIGNATION 155 22. RETIRE M ENT 165 23. FA M I L Y 173 Denis 173 Carol 177 Mark 178 24. MEN 181 Alf 181 Keith 182 Ronald 184 Alfred 186 Alan 187 Ralph 189 25. HER WOR L D 191 26. TEN LESSONS 197 POSTSCRI P T : WHAT RE M AINS TO BE DONE 207 FURTHER READING 211 xvi PREFACE I have met Lady Thatcher on many occasions; indeed I have met her in every job she has held from Education Secretary (1970–74); Shadow Environment Secretary (1974); deputy Chancellor of the Exchequer (1974–75); Leader of Her Majesty’s Opposition (1975–79); Prime Minis- ter (1979–90) to her post-Prime Ministerial life (1990 to date). On every occasion she has impressed me with her insights and intellect. Of the many leading figures I have met around the world she is joint number one with Milton Friedman and F. A. Hayek, both Nobel Laureates. While faith, family and country have dominated her life, she re- tains an interest in science (her early training), reads widely, enjoys musical outings and as I write is even pictured in the Sports Section of my newspaper watching tennis at Wimbledon. In her youth she was a great singer, piano player, award winning poetry reciter,1 walker, ama- teur actress and debater. Ballroom dancing was another passion as is music, the opera and the arts. She is an immensely fascinating and en- tertaining person, really terrific company. Her interest in politics is different from 99% of other politicians I have met. Like President Reagan she honestly cared about her fellow 1 Rupert Brooke’s “These I have loved” was a lifelong favorite. 1 Margaret Thatcher — A Portrait of the Iron Lady men and women and was deeply passionate about making the world a better place. As Prime Minister she was a problem solver bringing her determi- nation, intelligence and training in science and law to bear. And you have to be nimble when you are with her; or maybe alert is a better word. She could hack through mumbo-jumbo with a sharp scythe — take you off at your knees rather than your ankles. She could get right to the heart of any issue and shine light on it faster than any- one I have ever met except maybe Milton Friedman (F. A. Hayek being less combative and more reflective). Her range of policy experience was huge by the time she became Prime Minister: after a brief spell as anything but an ordinary back- bench1 MP2 she had had a junior ministerial post; six shadow3 posts, three in the Shadow Cabinet; nearly four years in Cabinet as Secretary of Education; brief spells in two more senior Shadow Cabinet slots and four years as Leader of the Opposition. She was twenty years in the making. My first recollection of her is as Secretary for Education and Sci- ence. I was Chairman of the Conservative Association at the London School of Economics (LSE) at the time followed by another year as Chairman of the London University Conservative Association (LUCA) which acted as London Region of the Federation of Conservative Stu- dents (FCS). This meant I covered lots of polytechnics and other uni- versities as well as London University. We used to go as delegates from FCS to visit her and tell her what was on our minds and how things were on campus.
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