Phase 3 Report on Implementing the Oecd Anti
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
PHASE 3 REPORT ON IMPLEMENTING THE OECD ANTI-BRIBERY CONVENTION IN BRAZIL October 2014 This Phase 3 Report on Brazil by the OECD Working Group on Bribery evaluates and makes recommendations on Brazil’s implementation of the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and the 2009 Recommendation of the Council for Further Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions. It was adopted by the Working Group on 16 October 2014. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 5 A. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 7 1. The On-Site Visit ................................................................................................................ 7 2. Summary of the Monitoring Steps Leading to Phase 3 ...................................................... 7 3. Outline and Methodology of the Report ............................................................................. 7 4. Economic Background ....................................................................................................... 8 5. Brazil’s Exposure and Approach to Corruption ................................................................. 9 6. Cases involving the Bribery of Foreign Public Officials.................................................... 9 a) Cases under investigation and/or prosecution ............................................................... 10 b) Discontinued foreign bribery investigations ........................................................... 11 c) Foreign bribery allegations that have not led to investigations .................................... 11 B. IMPLEMENTATION AND APPLICATION BY BRAZIL OF THE CONVENTION AND THE 2009 RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................... 13 1. Foreign Bribery Offence ................................................................................................... 13 a) Issues identified in Phase 2 as needing specific monitoring by the Working Group .... 14 b) Defences .................................................................................................................. 16 2. Responsibility of Legal Persons ....................................................................................... 16 a) A regime of administrative liability ........................................................................ 17 b) Legal entities subject to liability ............................................................................. 18 c) Standard of corporate administrative liability and level of requirement with regard to the natural person’s liability ................................................................................. 18 d) Towards a possible regime of criminal liability for legal persons? ......................... 21 3. Sanctions .......................................................................................................................... 23 a) Sanctions for natural persons ........................................................................................ 23 b) Sanctions for legal persons ...................................................................................... 24 4. Confiscation of the Bribe and the Proceeds of Bribery .................................................... 30 a) Relevant legislation ....................................................................................................... 30 b) Confiscation in practice ........................................................................................... 31 5. Investigation and Prosecution of the Foreign Bribery Offence ........................................ 32 a) Principles of investigation and prosecution, resources and coordination ..................... 32 b) Investigation tools and challenges in the investigation of foreign bribery .............. 35 c) Opening and terminating foreign bribery investigations and issues concerning pro-activity ........................................................................................................................... 37 d) Different types of settlements .................................................................................. 40 e) Independence ................................................................................................................ 42 f) Jurisdiction .................................................................................................................... 44 g) Statute of limitations ............................................................................................... 45 6. Money Laundering ........................................................................................................... 47 a) Money laundering offence and enforcement ........................................................... 47 b) Anti-money laundering measures: prevention, detection and reporting .................. 48 7. Accounting Requirements, External Audit, and Company Compliance and Ethics Programs .................................................................................................................................. 49 a) Accounting requirements .............................................................................................. 49 b) External audit requirements ..................................................................................... 51 c) Company internal controls, ethics and compliance programs or measures .................. 53 8. Tax Measures for Combating Bribery .............................................................................. 55 3 a) Non-deductibility of bribes ........................................................................................... 55 b) Awareness raising and detection ............................................................................. 55 c) Reporting foreign bribery and sharing tax information with law enforcement ............ 56 9. International Cooperation ................................................................................................. 57 a) Mutual legal assistance (MLA) ..................................................................................... 57 b) Extradition ............................................................................................................... 60 10. Public Awareness and the Reporting of Foreign Bribery ............................................. 61 a) Awareness of the Convention and of the foreign bribery offence ................................ 61 b) Reporting suspected acts of foreign bribery ............................................................ 62 c) Whistleblower protection .............................................................................................. 63 11. Public Advantages ........................................................................................................ 64 a) Officially supported export credits ............................................................................... 64 b) Public procurement.................................................................................................. 67 c) Official development assistance ................................................................................... 67 C. RECOMMENDATIONS AND ISSUES FOR FOLLOW-UP ......................................... 68 1. Recommendations of the Working Group ........................................................................ 69 Recommendations for ensuring effective investigation, prosecution and sanctioning of foreign bribery ...................................................................................................................... 69 Recommendations for ensuring effective prevention, detection and reporting of foreign bribery .................................................................................................................................. 72 2. Follow-up by the Working Group .................................................................................... 74 ANNEX 1 PHASE 2 RECOMMENDATIONS TO BRAZIL AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPLEMENTATION BY THE WORKING GROUP ON BRIBERY ..... 76 ANNEX 2 LEGISLATIVE EXTRACTS .............................................................................. 79 ANNEX 3 SUBMISSION BY THE OECD EVALUATION TEAM ON BILL 6826/2010 PROVIDING FOR THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND CIVIL LIABILITY OF LEGAL PERSONS FOR ACTS AGAINST THE NATIONAL AND FOREIGN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND OTHER MEASURES 12 MAY 2011 ............................ 92 ANNEX 4 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE ON-SITE VISIT ........................................ 96 ANNEX 5 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, TERMS AND ACRONYMS ............................. 98 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Phase 3 report on Brazil by the OECD Working Group on Bribery evaluates and makes recommendations on Brazil’s implementation and enforcement of the Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and related instruments. The report considers country-specific (vertical) issues arising from changes in Brazil’s legislative and institutional framework, as well as progress