Cicadelinos Potenciales Vectores De Patógenos En Cultivos Citrícolas Del NE Argentino. Estudios Taxonómicos Y Moleculares (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Cicadelinos Potenciales Vectores De Patógenos En Cultivos Citrícolas Del NE Argentino. Estudios Taxonómicos Y Moleculares (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Cicadelinos potenciales vectores de patógenos en cultivos citrícolas del NE argentino. Estudios taxonómicos y moleculares (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Tesis Doctoral Lic. GIMENA DELLAPÉ Director: Dra. Susana Paradell Codirector: Dra. Lucrecia Delfederico Universidad Nacional de La Plata Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo 2013 a Gerardo y Andrés Dellapé Agradecimientos En primer lugar, quiero agradecer a mis directoras Susana Paradell y Lucrecia Delfederico por el apoyo constante, la experiencia y conocimientos brindados. A la Dra. Ana Marino y Dra. Liliana Semorile, por permitir realizar mi trabajo de tesis en los laboratorios a su cargo y por sus invaluables consejos. De la EEA INTA Concordia, quiero agradecer a Norma Costa, por su ayuda en la elección del sitio de estudio y por brindarme su vasta experiencia en la temática; a Rubén Garín por los datos meteorológicos y por el café de cada día; a Pepe por su infinita ayuda en el trabajo de campo, y especialmente a Juan Pedro Bouvet por sus numerosos consejos, críticas y gran ayuda durante los años de muestreo. Del laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular de la UNQ, quiero agradecer a Bárbara, Lisana, Danay y Juan Manuel, por ayudarme durante las tareas en el laboratorio, por las charlas y momentos compartidos. Del Museo de La Plata, quiero agradecer a Fernanda, Roxana, Ana Salazar, Eugenia e Inés, por cada momento compartido a lo largo de estos cinco años de trabajo. A Leopoldo por el material colectado, las charlas, consejos y por su amistad. A Arnaldo Maciá por la desinteresada ayuda con los programas y cálculos estadísticos; y a Patricia Sarmiento por su asistencia con el MEB. A Eduardo Virla y Guillermo Logarzo por el material colectado, por hacerme partícipe en sus trabajos, por sus consejos y valiosos conocimientos sobre los proconinos. Al Dr. Christopher Dietrich (INHS) por el préstamo de material. A Daniel Aquino, Andrea Toledo, Nora Camino y Ana Marino, por las identificaciones y el aporte respecto a los enemigos naturales. A Romina, Mariela, Malena, Celeste, Natalia, Lucho, Javier, Eliana, María, Noelia, Mara, Candela, Eva y Vir, por cada momento compartido a lo largo de tantos años y por su amistad incondicional a pesar de la distancia. A mi familia: a Mariana y Pablo por hacerme conocer el mundo de los insectos, a mi papá Gerardo y mi hermano Andrés, por escucharme hablar constantemente de biología e insectos y devolverme una sonrisa, por acompañarme y apoyarme durante toda la carrera. Índice de contenido Resumen ...................................................................................................................... 1 Abstract ........................................................................................................................ 4 Capítulo I: Introducción General................................................................................... 6 Capítulo II: Taxonomía de la tribu Proconiini .............................................................. 13 INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................... 14 La subfamilia Cicadellinae ................................................................................... 14 Tribu Proconiini sensu Young .............................................................................. 17 Breve reseña histórica ......................................................................................... 30 Proconinos en Argentina ...................................................................................... 32 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ................................................................................... 32 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN ................................................................................ 34 Tribu Proconiini Stål ............................................................................................. 35 Género Acrogonia Stål......................................................................................... 38 Género Anacuerna Young ................................................................................... 43 Género Aulacizes Amyot & Serville...................................................................... 46 Género Cicciana Metcalf ...................................................................................... 52 Género Dechacona Young .................................................................................. 54 Género Diestostemma Amyot & Serville .............................................................. 58 Género Egidemia China ....................................................................................... 61 Género Homalodisca Stål .................................................................................... 64 Género Molomea China ....................................................................................... 67 Género Ochrostacta Stål ..................................................................................... 75 Género Oncometopia Stål ................................................................................... 78 Género Phera Stål ............................................................................................... 86 Género Propetes Walker ..................................................................................... 89 Género Pseudometopia Schmidt ......................................................................... 92 Género Stictoscarta Stål ...................................................................................... 95 Género Tapajosa Melichar ................................................................................... 97 Género Teletusa Distant .................................................................................... 105 Género Tretogonia Melichar .............................................................................. 108 CONCLUSIONES.................................................................................................. 114 Capítulo III: Cicadelinos y otros auquenorrincos en agroecosistemas citrícolas de Concordia, Entre Ríos ............................................................................................... 146 INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................. 147 La citricultura en Argentina ................................................................................ 147 Hemípteros auquenorrincos en cítricos y su importancia fitosanitaria ................ 148 Antecedentes en Argentina ................................................................................ 149 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ................................................................................. 150 Sitio de estudio .................................................................................................. 150 Métodos de colecta e identificación de auquenorrincos ..................................... 152 Índices faunísticos y Fluctuación estacional ....................................................... 154 Monitoreo de enemigos naturales ...................................................................... 156 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN .............................................................................. 157 Identificación de especies .................................................................................. 157 Índices faunísticos y fluctuación estacional ........................................................ 159 Monitoreo de Enemigos Naturales ..................................................................... 168 CONCLUSIONES.................................................................................................. 172 Capítulo IV: Detección de Xylella fastidiosa ............................................................. 174 INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................. 175 Xylella fastidiosa ................................................................................................ 175 Clorosis Variegada de los Cítricos ..................................................................... 175 Detección y Transmisión de Xylella fastidiosa.................................................... 177 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ................................................................................. 180 Sitio de estudio .................................................................................................. 180 Métodos de colecta ............................................................................................ 181 Detección de Xylella fastidiosa .......................................................................... 181 Transmisión preliminar de Xylella fastidiosa ...................................................... 186 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN .............................................................................. 187 Detección de Xylella fastidiosa en plantas cítricas ............................................. 187 Detección de Xylella fastidiosa en auquenorrincos ............................................ 187 Transmisión preliminar de Xylella fastidiosa ...................................................... 191 CONCLUSIONES.................................................................................................. 193 Conclusiones Generales y Perspectivas ................................................................ 195 Bibliografía ..............................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae). VI: Description of the Male of Deselvana Falleni from the Atlantic Rainforest of Southeastern Brazil
    ZOOLOGIA 26 (4): 769–773, December, 2009 Notes on Neotropical Proconiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae). VI: description of the male of Deselvana falleni from the Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil Gabriel Mejdalani 1, 2; André Carpi 1 & Rachel A. Carvalho 1 1 Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Corresponding author. ABSTRACT. The male of the leafhopper Deselvana falleni (Stål, 1858) is for the first time described and illustrated based on material from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Notes comparing D. falleni to other species of Deselvana Young, 1968 are given. Males and females of D. falleni can be recognized by the dark brown to black dorsum with four well-defined yellow maculae on each forewing, two on clavus and two on corium. The sexual dimorphism of color found in other Deselvana species was not observed in D. falleni. KEY WORDS. Auchenorrhyncha; male genitalia; Membracoidea; sharpshooter; taxonomy. This is the sixth paper of a series on the taxonomy of the sidered Deselvana closely related to Raphirhinus de LaPorte, 1832, Proconiini in the Neotropical region. The previous papers of Omagua Melichar, 1925, and Abana Distant, 1908, with which it the series included descriptions of four new species and notes shares the distinctive dorsal concavity of the male pygofer. In on other species in the tribe (MEJDALANI & EMMRICH 1998, CEOTTO the cladistic analysis of the Abana group of genera (CEOTTO & et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Here May Be a Threshold of 8 Mm Above
    c 2007 by Daniela Maeda Takiya. All rights reserved. SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON THE LEAFHOPPER SUBFAMILY CICADELLINAE (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE) BY DANIELA MAEDA TAKIYA B. Sc., Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 1998 M. Sc., Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2001 DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007 Urbana, Illinois Abstract The leafhopper subfamily Cicadellinae (=sharpshooters) includes approximately 340 genera and over 2,000 species distributed worldwide, but it is most diverse in the Neotropical region. In contrast to the vast majority of leafhoppers (members of the family Cicadellidae), which are specialists on phloem or parenchyma fluids, cicadellines feed on xylem sap. Because xylem sap is such a nutritionally poor diet, xylem specialists must ingest large quantities of sap while feeding. They continuously spurt droplets of liquid excrement, forming the basis for their common name. Specialization on xylem sap also occurs outside the Membracoidea, in members of the related superfamilies Cicadoidea (cicadas) and Cercopoidea (spittlebugs) of the order Hemiptera. Because larger insects with greater cibarial volume are thought to more easily overcome the negative pressure of xylem sap, previous authors suggested that there may be a threshold of 8 mm above which, the energetic cost of feeding is negligible. In chapter 1 the method of phylogenetic contrasts was used to re-investigate the evolution of body size of Hemiptera and test the hypothesis that shifts to xylem feeding were associated with an increase in body size. After correcting for phylogenetic dependence and taking into consideration possible alternative higher-level phylogenetic scenarios, statistical analyses of hemipteran body sizes did not show a significant increase in xylem feeding lineages.
    [Show full text]
  • (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) De Colombia
    AbrahamovichBiota Colombiana & 3 Díaz (2) 199 - 214, 2002 Abejorros de la Región Neotropical -199 Bumble bees of the Neotropical Region (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Alberto H. Abrahamovich1 and Norma B. Díaz2 División Entomología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. [email protected] [email protected] Key Words: Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus, Bumble Bees, Neotropical Region, Species List The family Apidae (Hymenoptera) includes three species are polylectic (Pouvreau 1984; Moure & Sakagami subfamilies: Apinae, Nomadinae and Xylocopinae 1962; Abrahamovich & Díaz 2001b). The general aspects of (Michener 2000). Along with other 19 tribes, the monotypic the ecology, the behavior and the sociobiology of these tribe Bombini (bumble bees) is placed within Apinae, and insects have been studied in detail by Sladen (1912), Free & includes the social bees of the genus Bombus Latreille, and Butler (1959), Michener (1974), Alford (1975), Heinrich the cleptoparasite species in the subgenus Psithyrus. (1979), Morse (1982), Plowright & Laverty (1984), and in According to Williams (1998), the genus Bombus consists particular the biology of the Neotropical Bombus has been of 239 species grouped in 39 subgenera. investigated, among others, by Dias (1958, 1960), Garófalo (1978), Garófalo et al. (1986), Sakagami et al. (1967), Zucchi The majority of these species are distributed in temperate (1973), Janzen (1971), Laroca (1972), Janvier (1955), areas of North America and Eurasia. For the Neotropical Montealegre (1927), Varela (1992a, b), Cameron et al. (1999) Region, 42 species have been recorded in a great variety of and Ramírez & Cameron (in press).
    [Show full text]
  • The Sharpshooters of Panguana (Peru) (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae) 121-132 © Münchner Ent
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft Jahr/Year: 2014 Band/Volume: 104 Autor(en)/Author(s): Schönitzer Klaus, Feuerabendt Wieland Artikel/Article: The sharpshooters of Panguana (Peru) (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae) 121-132 © Münchner Ent. Ges., download www.biologiezentrum.at Mitt. Münch. Ent. Ges. 104 121-132 München, 15.10.2014 ISSN 0340-4943 The sharpshooters of Panguana (Peru) (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae) KLAUS SCHÖNITZER & WIELAND FEUERABENDT Abstract In this communication we list 38 species of Cicadellini and 14 species of Proconiini (Cicadellinae) from Panguana in the Amazon lowland of Peru, as well as some other interesting records of sharpshooters from South America. The following species are new for Peru: Cardioscarta electa MELICHAR, 1932, Jakrama taeniata YOUNG, 1977, Oragua elegantula YOUNG, 1977, Omagua fitchii (SIGNORET, 1855), Propetes schmidti MELICHAR, 1925, Propetes triquetra (FABRICIUS, 1803). New records for the countries given in brackets are: Soosiulus interpolis YOUNG, 1977 (Peru and Bolivia), Dilobopterus lucentis YOUNG, 1977 (Brazil), Juliaca scalarum YOUNG, 1977 (Brazil), Paromenia isabellina (FOWLER, 1899) (Ecuador), Zyzzogeton viridipennis (LATREILLE, 1811) (Ecuador), Pawiloma rubra CAVICHIOLI, 1998 (Guatemala) and Aulacizes quadripunctata (GERMAR, 1821) (Paraquay). Introduction The ecological field station Panguana in the Amazon lowland of Peru is a research area predominantly for zoology. It is frequently called „hotspot of biodiversity” (e.g. DILLER & BURMEISTER 2007). For over 40 years the station has been used for research, since the foundation of Panguana by Hans-Wilhelm and Maria KOEPCKE. Within the last years the research station was expanded and is run by Juliane DILLER.
    [Show full text]
  • (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae). VII: First Detailed Description of the Female Genitalia of a Diestostemma Species
    ZOOLOGIA 27 (5): 813–819, October, 2010 doi: 10.1590/S1984-46702010000500018 Notes on Neotropical Proconiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae). VII: First detailed description of the female genitalia of a Diestostemma species Gabriel Mejdalani1,2 & Roberta dos Santos da Silva1 1 Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 2 Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT. Diestostemma Amyot & Serville, 1843 is a diverse sharpshooter genus with 32 species. A description and illustrations of Diestostemma nasutum Schmidt, 1910 are provided. The species, previously known from Ecuador, is newly recorded from Colombia. Both the male and female genitalia are described for the first time. This is the first detailed description of the female genitalia of a Diestostemma species. Diestostemma nasutum can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following features of the aedeagus: shaft with the distal third distinctly curved dorsally; base of basiventral aedeagal process with a lobe directed anteriorly; and basiventral aedeagal process bifurcated on its basal portion. The style of D. nasutum, whose apical portion is broad, distinctly curved inward, and with the apex subtruncate, is also quite distinctive. We compared the female genitalia of D. nasutum with those of other Proconiini genera. Our results confirm the perception that the female genitalia in this tribe can be a source of useful taxonomic characters. KEY WORDS. Auchenorrhyncha; Diestostemma nasutum; male; Membracoidea; morphology; sharpshooter; taxonomy. This is the seventh paper of a series on the taxonomy of fied using the original description of SCHMIDT (1910) and pho- the Proconiini from the Neotropical region.
    [Show full text]
  • Texto Completo Digital
    Naturalis Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de La Plata http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo Cicadelinos potenciales vectores de patógenos en cultivos citrícolas del NE argentino : Estudios taxonómicos y moleculares (Insecta-Hemiptera- Cicadellidae) Dellapé, Gimena Doctor en Ciencias Naturales Dirección: Paradell, Susana Co-dirección: Delfederico, Lucrecia Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo 2013 Acceso en: http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/id/20131210001316 Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Cicadelinos potenciales vectores de patógenos en cultivos citrícolas del NE argentino. Estudios taxonómicos y moleculares (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Tesis Doctoral Lic. GIMENA DELLAPÉ Director: Dra. Susana Paradell Codirector: Dra. Lucrecia Delfederico Universidad Nacional de La Plata Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo 2013 a Gerardo y Andrés Dellapé Agradecimientos En primer lugar, quiero agradecer a mis directoras Susana Paradell y Lucrecia Delfederico por el apoyo constante, la experiencia y conocimientos brindados. A la Dra. Ana Marino y Dra. Liliana Semorile, por permitir realizar mi trabajo de tesis en los laboratorios a su cargo y por sus invaluables consejos. De la EEA INTA Concordia, quiero agradecer a Norma Costa, por su ayuda en la elección del sitio de estudio y por brindarme su vasta experiencia en la temática; a Rubén Garín por los datos meteorológicos y por el café de cada día; a Pepe por su infinita ayuda en el trabajo de campo, y especialmente a Juan Pedro Bouvet por sus numerosos consejos, críticas y gran ayuda durante los años de muestreo. Del laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular de la UNQ, quiero agradecer a Bárbara, Lisana, Danay y Juan Manuel, por ayudarme durante las tareas en el laboratorio, por las charlas y momentos compartidos.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.A Preliminary List of the Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) of Colombia
    Biota Colombiana ISSN: 0124-5376 [email protected] Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Colombia Freytag, Paul H.; Sharkey, Michael J. A preliminary list of the leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) of Colombia Biota Colombiana, vol. 3, núm. 2, diciembre, 2002, pp. 235-283 Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Bogotá, Colombia Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=49103203 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Arias-PennaBiota Colombiana T 3 (2) 235 - 283, 2002 Platygastroidea from the Neotropical Region -235 A preliminary list of the leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) of Colombia1 Paul H. Freytag2 and Michael J. Sharkey3 Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky. Lexington, Kentucky 40546 2e-mail:[email protected] 3e-mail:[email protected] Key Words: leafhoppers, Cicadellidae, Colombia, species checklist Introduction quite host specific. In temperate high latitudes they usually have a single generation per year, but in warmer climes The leafhoppers or Cicadellidae (Homoptera: species generally have multiple generations per year. Most Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadoidea) have sucking mouthparts, species are sexual, but a few, typically from high elevations three tarsal segments, forewings usually of uniform texture, or high latitudes, appear to be parthenogenetic (Oman 1949). antennae usually short and bristle-like, and the beak arises from the back of the head. The Cicadoidea contains five Systematics families: Cicadidae (cicadas), Membracidae (treehoppers), Cercopidae (spittlebugs), Aetalionidae (aetalionid There are approximately 22000 species of leafhoppers treehoppers) and the Cicadellidae (leafhoppers).
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0316738A1 UMENEZ
    US 20100316738A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0316738A1 UMENEZ. et al. (43) Pub. Date: Dec. 16, 2010 (54) METHODS OF INHIBITING, PREVENTING, filed on Sep. 29, 2009, provisional application No. KILLING AND/OR REPELLING INSECTS 61/247,885, filed on Oct. 1, 2009, provisional applica USING SIMULATED BLENDS OF tion No. 61/256,257, filed on Oct. 29, 2009, provi CHENOPODIUM EXTRACTS sional application No. 61/286.314, filed on Dec. 14, 2009, provisional application No. 61/329,020, filed on (76) Inventors: Desmond JIMENEZ, Woodland, Apr. 28, 2010. CA (US); Giselle Janssen, Mountain View, CA (US); Dennis (30) Foreign Application Priority Data Long, Demorest, GA (US); H. Brett Highland, Nokomis, FL Jun. 14, 2010 (US) ....................... PCT/US 10/38551 (US); Tara Lu, Woodland, CA Publication Classification (US); Gerardo Bueno, Davis, CA (US) (51) Int. Cl. AOIN 65/00 (2009.01) Correspondence Address: AOIP 7/04 (2006.01) AGRAQUEST, INC. (52) U.S. Cl. ........................................................ 424/725 1540. DREWAVENUE DAVIS, CA 95618 (US) (57) ABSTRACT The present invention provides natural and/or simulated, Syn (21) Appl. No.: 12/815,274 thetic, synergistic pesticidal compositions comprising terpe nes, such as extracts from Chenopodium ambrosioides near (22) Filed: Jun. 14, 2010 ambrosioides, or compositions based on those found in Che nopodium ambrosioides near ambrosioides. The present Related U.S. Application Data invention also provides methods of using said compositions (60) Provisional application No. 61/213,470, filed on Jun. to kill, inhibit, prevent and/or repel plant pests from contact 12, 2009, provisional application No. 61/246,872, ing and/or damaging plants.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary List of the Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) of Colombia1
    Arias-PennaBiota Colombiana T 3 (2) 235 - 283, 2002 Platygastroidea from the Neotropical Region -235 A preliminary list of the leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) of Colombia1 Paul H. Freytag2 and Michael J. Sharkey3 Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky. Lexington, Kentucky 40546 2e-mail:[email protected] 3e-mail:[email protected] Key Words: leafhoppers, Cicadellidae, Colombia, species checklist Introduction quite host specific. In temperate high latitudes they usually have a single generation per year, but in warmer climes The leafhoppers or Cicadellidae (Homoptera: species generally have multiple generations per year. Most Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadoidea) have sucking mouthparts, species are sexual, but a few, typically from high elevations three tarsal segments, forewings usually of uniform texture, or high latitudes, appear to be parthenogenetic (Oman 1949). antennae usually short and bristle-like, and the beak arises from the back of the head. The Cicadoidea contains five Systematics families: Cicadidae (cicadas), Membracidae (treehoppers), Cercopidae (spittlebugs), Aetalionidae (aetalionid There are approximately 22000 species of leafhoppers treehoppers) and the Cicadellidae (leafhoppers). The described for the entire world (McKamey 2002). The fauna Cicadellidae is the largest family of this group, and members of the Neotropical Region is poorly known and although have the following diagnostic characters: two ocelli or none, approximately 5000 species are described, there are easily pronotum not extending over the abdomen, and hind tibia 5000 to 10000 undescribed species in the region, and perhaps with one or more rows of spines. The family Cicadellidae is many more. There are 38 subfamilies in the family (Oman et cosmopolitan in distribution, and members occur al.
    [Show full text]
  • United States National Museum Bulletin 261
    ^J*^©!!*^ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 261 Taxonomic Study of the Gicadellinae Homoptera: Cicadellidae) Part 1 Proconiini DAVID A. YOUNG Department of Entomolo^ North Carolina State University at Raleigh SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS WASHINGTON, D.C. 1 968 PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM The scientific publications of the United States National Museum include two series, Proceedings of the United States National Aluseum and United States National Museum Bulletin. In these series are published original articles and monographs dealing with the collections and work of the Museum and setting forth newly acquired facts in the field of anthropology, biology, geology, history, and technology. Copies of each publication are distributed to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the various subjects. The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended for the publication, in separate form, of shorter papers. These are gathered in volumes, octavo in size, with the publication date of each paper recorded in the table of contents of the volume. In the Bulletin series, the first of which v/as issued in 1875, appear longer, separate publications consisting of monographs (occasionally in several parts) and volumes in which are collected works on related subjects. Bulletins are either octavo or quarto in size, depending on the needs of the presentation. Since 1902, papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum have been published in the Bulletin series under the heading Contributions Jrom the United States National Herbarium. This work forms number 261 of the Bulletin series. Frank A. Taylor Director, United States National Museum This contribution from the Entomology Department, North Carolina Agri- cultural Experiment Station, Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.A., is published with the approval of the Director of Research as Paper No.
    [Show full text]