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Distribution Extension and Updated Map of Taeniophallus Occipitalis (Jan 1863) (Squamata, Dipsadidae), with a Relevant Record to Caatinga, Northeast Brazil

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Distribution Extension and Updated Map of Taeniophallus Occipitalis (Jan 1863) (Squamata, Dipsadidae), with a Relevant Record to Caatinga, Northeast Brazil Herpetology Notes, volume 13: 661-666 (2020) (published online on 05 August 2020) Distribution extension and updated map of Taeniophallus occipitalis (Jan 1863) (Squamata, Dipsadidae), with a relevant record to Caatinga, Northeast Brazil Nilton C. Aquino1,2, Henrique A.C. Maia3,*, Marcelo A.S. Jucá2, and Daniel C. Passos2,4 The tribe Echinantherini (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae) scales (in Taeniophallus), and the number of pre- is composed by three genera of small to mid-sized diastemal teeth (> 25 in Echinanthera) (Schargel et al., South-American snakes: Echinanthera, Sordellina and 2005; Santos Jr. et al., 2008). Taeniophallus occipitalis Taeniophallus (Pyron et al., 2013; Zaher et al., 2019). and T. quadriocellatus share a large spine in medium- Currently, the Taeniophallus genus is composed by basal region of the assucade side of the hemipenis, nine species, eight of them occurring in Brazil (Costa and a typical dorsal colour pattern of paired vertebral and Bérnils, 2018). The exception, Taeniophallus black blotches. However, in T. quadriocellatus there are nebularis Schargel et al., 2005, is only known from four whitish ocelli on the posterior half of the head and its type locality (Cerro Humo, Venezuela) and remains beginning of the trunk, while T. occipitalis presents only uncertainty assigned to the genus (Schargel et al., 2005). two occipital ocelli (Santos Jr. et al., 2008). The genus is subdivided in three major groups proposed Taeniophallus occipitalis is a small-sized snake by Schargel et al. (2005): the nebularis group (with (Schargel et al., 2005), has diurnal activity and presents T. nebularis, despite its taxonomic uncertainties), the terrestrial and cryptozoic habits (Guedes et al., 2014), affinis group (composed by T. affinis, T. poecilopogon, being usually found under the litter (Rocha and Prudente, T. persimilis, and T. bilineatus), and the occipitalis group 2010). This species is widely distributed, being recorded (with T. occipitalis and T. quadriocellatus – updated by in Paraguay, Uruguay, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Santos Jr. et al. [2008]). The two species of the occipitalis Brazil (Santos Jr. et al., 2008). In Brazil, it can be found group can be distinguished from others Echinantherini in all regions (Santos Jr. et al., 2008; Guedes et al., taxa by having 15–15–15 or 15–15–13 rows of dorsal 2014). In the Northeast, T. occipitalis has been recorded mostly on forested areas of Floresta Atlântica (Atlantic Forest) and Cerrado biomes (Santos Jr. et al., 2008; Sales et al., 2009), besides transition zones between Caatinga and Floresta Atlântica (Atlantic Forest), Cerrado, or Complexo Vegetacional Litorâneo (Amaral, 1 Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Rua Almino 1934; Guedes et al., 2014; Roberto and Loebmann, Afonso, 478, Centro, CEP 59610-210, Mossoró, Rio Grande 2016). In the Caatinga biome, its occurrence is generally do Norte, Brazil. associated with high altitudes, as in Chapada Diamantina 2 Laboratório de Ecologia e Comportamento Animal, and Brejos de Altitude, or close to the coast, in transition Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido. Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, CEP 59625-900, Mossoró, Rio areas associated or not with patches of Cerrado (Guedes Grande do Norte, Brazil. et al., 2014; Roberto and Loebmann, 2016). The only 3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Museu Paraense records to areas of sensu stricto Caatinga are at least Emílio Goeldi and Universidade Federal do Pará. UFPA, 500 m of altitude (e.g. Paulo Afonso/BA – Guedes et al., ICB, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, CEP 66075-110, 2014) or regions with influence from adjacent biomes Belém, Pará, Brazil. (e.g. Araruna/PB – Arzabe et al., 2005). 4 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Herein, we document the first record of Taeniophallus Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido. Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, CEP 59625-900, Mossoró, Rio occipitalis for Depressão Sertaneja Setentrional Grande do Norte, Brazil. ecoregion in Rio Grande do Norte state, being also * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] the lowest elevation record for this species in an area 662 Nilton C. Aquino et al. of sensu stricto Caatinga. Furthermore, we provide (Myers, 1974; Santos Jr. et al., 2008). The description an updated map of the geographical distribution of of the colour pattern was based on photographic T. occipitalis and a biogeographic overview of its records of live specimens (Fig. 1A). The morphometric occurence in Northeast Brazil. characterisation (1 mm resolution) was made by the The records of Taeniophallus occipitalis were following measures: snout-vent length (SVL), tail performed at Estação Experimental da Universidade length (TL), and head length (HL). The pholidosis was Federal Rural do Semi-Árido – EEU (37.40°W, checked using a stereoscopic microscope, counting the 5.056389°S; WGS84), located in district of Alagoinha, following attributes: number of anterior, middle and rural zone of Mossoró municipality, Rio Grande do posterior rows of dorsals scales, and number of ventral, Norte state. The Mossoró municipality is inserted within subcaudal, cloacal and supralabial scales. the ecoregion of Depressão Sertaneja Setentrional (DSS We compiled all available records of T. occipitalis in – up to 1,127 m a.s.l.), presents a semi-arid hot and dry the scientific literature to provide an updated geographic climate (BSwh’ – Köppen-Geiger), that is marked by distribution map for the species. We considered the elevated daily temperatures and annual averages of 27.5 centroid of the municipality or locality of occurrence ºC of air temperatures, 68.9% of relative air humidity when the exact coordinates of the collection site were and 673.9 mm of annually pluviometric precipitation not available in publications. Since this method can lead (Santos et al., 2014). The collected specimens were to a bias of the elevation information, we considered the sampled by two methods: time-constrained searches elevational range within a 10 km radius from centroids. (TS) and pitfall traps (PT). The voucher specimens were The maps were constructed with QGIS v. 3.4 software euthanised according to the Portaria CFBio 148/2012, (QGIS Development Team, 2018), using vectoral fixed following Aurichio and Salomão (2002), and are delimitations of Brazilian biomes (Olson et al., 2001) housed in the scientific collection Coleção Herpetológica and Caatinga ecoregions (Velloso et al., 2002). For do Semiárido – CHSA at Universidade Federal Rural do environmental categorisation of occurence sites given in Semi-Árido – UFERSA. The taxonomic determination Table 1, we follow Guedes et al. (2014), as here briefly was conducted assessing colour pattern, morphometry explained. We considered “Caatinga” as predominant and pholidosis, and comparisons with the literature semiarid environment characterised by common xeric Figure 1. Colour pattern in life of Taeniophillus occipitalis (voucher CHSA-R 575) recorded in the Mossoró municipality, Rio Grande do Norte state (A). Details of cephalic pattern and pholidosis of specimen CHSA-R 575 (B). Ilustrations by Nilton Aquino and photo by Daniel Passos. Distribution extension and updated map of Taeniophallus occipitalis 663 Table 1. Details of the geographic locations of Taeniophillus occipitalis in Caatinga domain, in descending order of1 altitudinal elevation for each environment type. Criteria for environmental categorization is provided in methods session. For records Table 1. Details of the geographic locations of Taeniophillus occipitalis in Caatinga domain, in descending order of which exactaltitudinal coordinates elevation were for not each available environment in publications type. Criteria we providedfor environmental the elevation categorization range in isa 10provided km radius in methods from centroid of municipality/locality.session. For Therecords present which record exact coordinates is highlighted were in not bold. available in publications we provided the elevation range in a 10 km radius from centroid of municipality/locality. The present record is highlighted in bold. Source Municipality – State Elevation (m) Environment Garda et al. (2013) Paulo Afonso – BA 652 Caatinga Arzabe et al. (2005) Araruna – PB 228 Caatinga Present study Mossoró – RN 80 Caatinga Guedes et al. (2014) Poções – BA 564-1050 Transition zone Santos Jr. et al. (2008) Avelino Lopes – BA 379-677 Transition zone Guedes et al. (2014) Itabaiana – SE 103-658 Transition zone Santos Jr. et al. (2008) Feira de Santana – BA 110-608 Transition zone Rocha and Prudente (2010) Piripiri – PI 100-300 Transition zone Guedes et al. (2014) Piracuruca – PI 74-224 Transition zone Guedes et al. (2014) Teresina – PI 51-199 Transition zone Guedes et al. (2014) Horizonte – CE 21-146 Transition zone Guedes et al. (2014) Fortaleza – CE 0-99 Transition zone Guedes et al. (2014) São Gonçalo do Amarante – CE 39 Transition zone Guedes et al. (2014) Mucugê – BA 676-1650 Wet highland Guedes et al. (2014) Morro do Chapéu – BA 861-1207 Wet highland Guedes et al. (2014) Pacotí – CE 133-1076 Wet highland Pereira Filho and Montingelli (2011) Madre de Deus – PE 1063 Wet highland Guedes et al. (2014) Mulungu – CE 151-1043 Wet highland Guedes et al. (2014) Meruoca – CE 77-1009 Wet highland Guedes et al. (2014) Lençóis – BA 337-1000 Wet highland Guedes et al. (2014) São Caetano – PE 514-949 Wet highland Guedes et al. (2014) Ubajara – CE 654-917 Wet highland Roberto and Loebmann (2016) Tianguá – CE 191-889 Wet highland Loebman and Haddad (2010) Viçosa – CE 110-831 Wet highland Ribeiro et al. (2012) Crato – CE 758 Wet highland Amaral (1934) Areia – PB 125-636 Wet highland drought vegetation, generally low elevation (< 500 m), Prudente (2010) gives details from Piauí areas, and high mean annual temperatures and solar radiation, Moro et al. (2015) about northern coastal vegetation and scarce and irregular rainfall and low humidity along all its complex and ecotonal profile. the year. The exception landscapes from this profile, On 30 January 2018, a female individual of T. were considered as “wet highlands” (Brejos de Altitude) occipitalis (CHSA-R 575) was sampled by PT method or “transition zones”.
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