Current Progress of Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Demonstrations in Germany

JHFC Seminar, Tokyo Japan | 1.03.2011 NOW GmbH | Klaus Bonhoff | Managing Director/Chair

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 1 Programs for Market Preparation of Electric Mobility

The governmental E-mobility activities strive for electrification based on three major pillars

Powertrain electrification: • increases efficiency

• has potential for CO2-free mobility

Electric Mobility

Plug-in (PHEV) Hydrogen and Hybrid-Vehicles and Battery Fuel Cell (road/rail) Electric Vehicles Vehicles (FCV) (BEV)

Electrification relies on the key technologies of battery-electric and fuel cells

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 2 Preparing Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Markets: National Innovation Programme (NIP)

Politics Industry BMVBS / BMWi / BMBF / BMU 500 million € + 200 million € + 700 million € for demonstration for R&D Co‐payment from industry

1,4 billion € 2007-2016 • Preparing hydrogen & fuel cell • Hydrogen & fuel cells driven by markets applications and markets: • Focus on R&D combined with transport, stationary energy everyday demonstration supply, special markets

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 3 Preparing Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Markets: National Innovation Program (NIP)

Transportation 54% *

ƒ Includes H2 production and infrastructure ƒ Expanding vehicle fleets and hydrogen infrastructure starting from key regions Source CEP 95 projects Funding: € 229 million (BMVBS, Jan.2011) Stationary Applications 36% * Special Markets 10% * ƒ FC micro CHP for residential use ƒ IT, telecommunications ƒ Industrial FC gensets for CHP and ƒ Logistics, leisure and tourism trigeneration markets

* Planned distribution according to National Source Telekom / PASM Development Plan v Source BMV 2.1. Source Vaillant

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 4 Clean Energy Partnership: History

ƒ Emerged from the „Transport Energy Strategy“ (VES) ƒ Established in Dec. 2002 as a joint initiative lead-managed by the German Ministry of Transport and Industry ƒ Goal is the common approach across industries, research and action for an emissions-free future of cars and buses ƒ Demonstration of hydrogen as a fuel in everyday use and performance under real-life operating conditions

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 5 Clean Energy Partnership: Scope

CEP includes ƒ the continuous operation of efficient hydrogen vehicles ƒ their fast and safe refueling ƒ the clean and sustainable production of hydrogen ƒ hydrogen transport and storage in liquid and gaseous states ƒ the increasing integration of renewable energy sources

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 6 Clean Energy Partnership (CEP) – Structure of The Lighthouse Project

Overarching Knowledge Coordination Communication module management

Cars Buses H2‐Infrastructure H2‐Production

•next generation H2 cars •next generation • mobile filling stations • energy sources with low • component prototypes •new filling stations or no CO2 development and •preparation of fleet • corridor Berlin‐ testing operation for next Hamburg •system development generation buses and testing

Scope: Technical update of vehicles, expanding infrastructure, realizing potential for technological and operative improvements by putting the ‘lessons learned’ of CEP phase I + II into practice

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 7 Clean Energy Partnership (CEP) – The Lighthouse Project

ƒ CEP I: Demonstration project 2003-2008 − Berlin

− 17 H2- / FC Vehicles (avg.)

− 2 public H2-fuelling stations

ƒ CEP II / III: Demonstration project 2008-2016 − Extension: Berlin, Hamburg, NRW, and Baden Wurttemberg (Stuttgart area) plus other regions − Extension and modernization of FCV-fleet (today 50) − Integration of two bus fleets − Construction, operation of new fuelling stations − Corridor Berlin – Hamburg

− 50% H2-Production from renewable energy in 2015

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 8 New hydrogen centres

ƒ In May 2010, North Rhine- Westphalia became the first large state to join the CEP as an associated partner, represented by the EnergieAgentur.NRW ƒ In December 2010 Baden- Württemberg joined also as an associated partner ƒ Strong state initiatives are being integrated; Integration of additional regions (e.g. Hessen)

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 9 International cooperation

Cooperation with California ƒ Partnership with the CaFCP for sharing insights about standardisation processes and research results

Networking with Scandinavia ƒ Planned expansion of the infrastructure to connect to Scandinavia in Phase III

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 10 Infrastructure

BERLIN ƒ Spandau (opened 2007) ƒ Holzmarktstrasse (opened 12.05.10) ƒ One under construction, two more are in planning

HAMBURG ƒ Start of building: HafenCity (opening planned for 2011), four more are in planning

Additional stations in other regions are being planned.

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 11 Faster refuelling …

ƒ 700 bar refuelling takes just 3 minutes ƒ State-of-the-art electrolysis technology ƒ Introduction of a fully automatic LH2- automotive coupling ƒ Hydrogen production using biomass

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 12 Berlin Holzmarktstrasse Public Fueling Station

ƒ Production, compression and storage of gaseous hydrogen at 350 and 700 bar. Fueling at 350 and 700 bar, plus liquid hydrogen ƒ Pressure electrolysis plant by Hydrogen Technologies (a Statoil subsidiary) ƒ Dry-running piston compressor (500 bar) ƒ Booster compressor (1000 bar) ƒ Underground cascade storage system of composite cylinders ƒ Green hydrogen from a Linde biomass-to-hydrogen plant ƒ Vacuum-insulated pressure tank ƒ Local generation: electrolysis ƒ Liquid hydrogen transfer pump (cryopump) ƒ Boil-off management system (for residual hydrogen) ƒ Micro CHP: evaporation losses caused by boil-off and residual hydrogen from liquid refuelling are converted into electricity and useful heat ƒ Photovoltaic array for energy supply

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 13 Integration of Renewables

ƒ Target of 50% renewably produced hydrogen by 2015 ƒ Photovoltaic arrays at the Holzmarktstrasse fuelling station ƒ Hydrogen from a hybrid power plant ƒ Hydrogen from biogenic waste

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 14 CEP Vehicles to be Deployed in Phase III

ƒ 60 Daimler B-Class F-CELL ƒ 3 Ford Focus Fuel Cell ƒ 13 BMW Hydrogen7 ƒ Toyota joined in March 2010 ƒ 10 GM Opel HydroGen4 with 2 FCHV-adv; at least 5 ƒ 2 VW Tiguan HyMotion, to be deployed in 2011 2 VW Caddy Maxi HyMotion, 2 Audi Q5 HFC

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 15 CEP Bus Deployments

ƒ 4 hydrogen internal combustion engine buses currently running in Berlin ƒ 10 fuel cell buses to be deployed in Hamburg during Phase III

Source: BVG

Source: Hamburger Hochbahn

Source: BVG

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 16 Clean Energy Partnership Planning Through 2013

Total no. of Start Current no. of public HRS No. of FCEV Region date public HRS planned2 planned2 46

Berlin 2002 2 1 Additional industry 63 projects e.g. Chemergy not included

6 2 Planning horizon shown 4 is only until 2013

Hamburg 2008 5 3 Part of CEP since 2010, 1 25 rollout of actual demo project tbd

4 Request for participation was submitted in 2010, Nordrhein-Westfalen 20103 decision about 1 10 admittance in 2011 0 5 Only partly accessible by public 4 6 HRS at A 24 (highway Baden-Württemberg 20103 from Berlin to Hamburg) 1 20 not included as planning unclear

4 2 Hessen 2011 1 15

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 17 Driver Interviews Use of vehicles and fuelling process

2007 22 Interviews

47 GH2 9 LH2

2009 ƒ 29 GM/OPEL 56 ƒ 12 Ford Interviews ƒ 6 Daimler ƒ 9 BMW

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 18 Goals for Phase III: 2011-2016 Quality, Quantity and Distribution

ƒ Quantity: economies through (small) series in the field of infrastructure and vehicle construction (cars and buses) ƒ Quality: increasing hydrogen with relevant quotas from renewable energy to at least 50% ƒ Distribution: development of infrastructure in Germany and links to Scandinavia (Scandinavian Hydrogen Highway Partnership - SHHP)

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 19 “H2-Mobility” Initiative – Overcoming the Chicken and Egg Dilemma

ƒ Memorandum of Understanding for “H2-Mobility” signed Sept. 10th 2009 in Berlin ƒ Ten key stakeholders from industries (OEM, oil, utility & industrial gas) and NOW as public-private-partnership ƒ Intention to build up hydrogen fueling infrastructure and establish Germany as lead market

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 20 Organisation of the H2-Mobility Consortium

• Two successive Phases defined

• Phase 1: 2009 – 2011 • Technico-economical evaluation of the feasibility to deploy a network of HFS alongside the expected deployment of FCVs in Germany by 2015 (2009 – 2010) • Definition of the future Consortium Agreement Contract / Partners negotiation phase (2011) • Deployment of new HFS supported by the German Administration (Konjunkturpaket II subsidy scheme)

• Phase 2: 2011+ • Implementation of the hydrogen retail infrastructure by parties participating in the consortium

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 21 Thank you! www.now‐gmbh.de

Klaus Bonhoff| NOW | JHFC Seminar| 1.03.2011 | 22