DOCSLIB.ORG

APA Panel Glossary Handbook

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
APA Panel Glossary Handbook GDE,X505,PH&GG.0 4/17/00 3:51 PM Page 1 APA The Engineered Wood Association GLOSSARY PANEL HANDBOOK & GRADE GLOSSARY GDE,X505,PH&GG.0 4/17/00 3:51 PM Page 2 APA The Engineered Wood Association DO THE RIGHT THING RIGHT™ Wood is good. It is the earth’s natural, energy efficient and renewable building material. Engineered wood is a better use of wood. It uses less wood to make more wood products. ORIZED BY APA IS PROHIBITED BY THE U.S. COPYRIGHT LAWS. THE U.S. IS PROHIBITED BY APA ORIZED BY That’s why using APA trademarked plywood, oriented strand board and APA EWS glued laminated timbers is the right thing to do. A few facts about wood. I We’re not running out of trees. One-third of the United States land base – 731 million acres – is covered by forests. About two-thirds of that 731 million acres is suitable for repeated planting and harvesting of timber. But only about half of the land suitable for growing timber is open to logging. Most of that harvestable acreage also is open to other uses, such as camping, hiking, hunting, etc. I We’re growing more wood every day. American landowners plant more than two billion trees every year. In addition, millions of trees seed naturally. The forest products industry, which comprises about 15 percent of forestland ownership, is responsible for 41 percent of replanted forest acreage. That works out to more than one billion trees a year, or about three million trees planted every day. This high rate of replanting accounts for the fact that each year, 27 percent more timber is grown than is harvested. I Manufacturing wood products is Percent of Percent of energy efficient. Wood products made Material Production Energy Use up 47 percent of all industrial raw Wood 47 4 materials manufactured in the United States, yet consumed only 4 percent of Steel 23 48 the energy needed to manufacture all Aluminum 2 8 industrial raw materials, according to a 1987 study. I Good news for a healthy planet. For every ton of wood grown, a young forest produces 1.07 tons of oxygen and absorbs 1.47 tons of carbon dioxide. Wood. It’s the right product for the environment. NOTICE: • ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. • ANY COPYING, MODIFICATION, DISTRIBUTION OR OTHER USE OF THIS PUBLICATION OTHER THAN AS EXPRESSLY AUTH THAN AS EXPRESSLY OTHER USE OF THIS PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION OR OTHER MODIFICATION, • ANY COPYING, • ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The recommendations in this guide apply only to panels that bear the APA APA trademark. Only panels THE ENGINEERED WOOD ASSOCIATION bearing the APA trademark are subject to the Association’s quality RATED SHEATHING15/32 INCH 32/16 auditing program. SIZED FOR SPACING EXPOSURE 1 000 PS 1-95 C-D PRP-108 APA – THE ENGINEERED WOOD ASSOCIATION APA ©1997 GDE,X505,PH&GG.0 4/17/00 3:51 PM Page 3 his glossary from APA – The Engineered Wood Association is designed as a T handy reference guide to wood structural panel products and common con- struction terminology. It contains up-to-date information about APA Performance Rated Panels, plywood siding, sanded grades, panel construction systems, grading terminology, fasteners, finishing, and much more. For more detailed information about APA panel products and construction sys- tems, write for a free copy of the Publications Index, Form B300, P.O. Box 11700, Tacoma, Washington 98411-0700. The Association maintains a comprehensive inventory of publications for archi- tects, builders, dealers, do-it-yourselfers and others who use and specify wood structural panel products. GDE,X505,PH&GG.0 4/17/00 3:51 PM Page 4 A A-C Exterior AFG-01 A sanded plywood panel with A-grade A performance specification developed A-A face, C-grade back and C-grade inner by APA – The Engineered Wood plies. Bonded with exterior glue. Association for glues recommended for A sanded plywood panel with A-grade Commonly used for soffits, fences, use in the APA Glued Floor System. face and back plies and D-grade inner boxcar and truck linings, farm buildings, AFG-01 requires that glues applied at plies. Bonded with interior or exterior tanks, commercial the job site be sunlight resistant, strong glue. Commonly used for cabinets, refrigerators and other under many moisture and temperature built-ins, furniture, partitions and other APA high-moisture applica- THE ENGINEERED conditions, and able to fill gaps. interior or protected applications where WOOD ASSOCIATION tions where the a smooth surface or appearance quality Aggregate-Coated Panel appearance or A-C GROUP 1 on both sides is important. A panel coated with stone chips smoothness of only EXTERIOR A-A • G-1 • EXPOSURE 1-APA • 000 • PS1-95 000 imbedded in a resin coating. one side is important. PS 1-95 A-A Exterior Air-Dried A sanded plywood panel with A-grade Acrylic Resin See SEASONING. face and back plies and C-grade inner An ingredient of water-base (latex) APA – The Engineered plies. Bonded with exterior glue. paints and stains. Synthetic resin with Wood Association Commonly used for fences, built-ins, excellent weathering characteristics. The trade organization representing signs, boats, cabinets, commercial refrig- Acrylics can be colorless and transpar- most of the nation’s wood structural erators, shipping containers, tanks, tote ent, or pigmented. panel manufacturers. The Association boxes, ducts and other exterior or high has three main functions: 1) research to Adhesive moisture applications where a smooth improve plywood and other engineered See GLUE. surface or appearance quality on both wood products and systems, 2) quality sides is important. A-D inspection and testing to assure the A-A • G-1 • EXT-APA • 000 • PS1-95 A sanded plywood panel with A-grade manufacture of high quality panel face, D-grade back and D-grade inner products, and 3) promotion of panel A-B plies. Bonded with interior or exterior products and building systems. A sanded plywood panel with A-grade glue. Commonly used Anchor Bolt face, B-grade back and D-grade inner for paneling, built-ins, Bolts that tie the sill plate and thus the plies. Bonded with interior or exterior shelving, partitions APA THE ENGINEERED frame of a structure to its foundation. glue. Commonly used as a substitute for and other interior or WOOD ASSOCIATION A-A where the appearance of one side is protected applications APA Glued Floor System A-D GROUP 1 less important. where the appearance A floor system developed by APA in EXPOSURE 1 A-B • G-1 • EXPOSURE 1-APA • 000 • PS1-95 or smoothness of only 000 which a single layer of APA RATED PS 1-95 one side is important. STURD-I-FLOOR panels (or subflooring A-B Exterior in the case of double-layer construction) A sanded plywood panel with A-grade is glue-nailed to wood joists. The bond face, B-grade back and C-grade inner is so strong that floor and joists behave plies. Bonded with exterior glue. like an integral unit, increasing floor Commonly used as a substitute for stiffness and greatly reducing floor A-A Exterior where the appearance of squeaks and nail popping. Only con- one side is less important. struction adhesives conforming to APA specification AFG-01 are recommended A-B • G-1 • EXT-APA • 000 • PS1-95 for use with the system. See T-BEAM. 4 GDE,X505,PH&GG.0 4/17/00 3:51 PM Page 5 APA Performance Rated Panels® APA Rated® Siding Panel products developed by APA – The A grade designation covering APA Engineered Wood Association, such as proprietary siding products. Commonly APA RATED SHEATHING, APA RATED used, in addition to siding, for fencing, STURD-I-FLOOR and APA RATED soffits, wind screens and other exterior SIDING, designed and manufactured to applications. Can be used for interior Brushed meet performance criteria for specific paneling. Can be manufactured as end-use applications. APA Performance conventional veneered plywood, as a Rated Panels can be manufactured as composite or as oriented strand board conventional veneered plywood, as siding. Both panel and lap siding are composites (veneer faces bonded to available. Special surface treatment such reconstituted wood cores), or as mat- as V-groove, channel groove, deep formed panels (including waferboard groove (such as APA Texture 1-11), Rough sawn and oriented strand board.) The trade- brushed, rough sawn and texture- marks on APA Performance Rated Panels embossed (MDO). Span Rating (stud include a Span Rating denoting the spacing for siding qualified for APA maximum recommended spacing of Sturd-I-Wall applications) and face grade supports over which the panel should classification (for veneer-faced siding) be placed for the designated end indicated in trademark. use, and the exposure durability APA Texture One-Eleven® classification of the panel. APA APA THE ENGINEERED THE ENGINEERED APA Rated® Sheathing WOOD ASSOCIATION WOOD ASSOCIATION An APA Performance Rated Panel RATED SIDING RATED SIDING 15/32 INCH 303-18-S/W 24 oc 11/32 INCH designed and manufactured specifically SIZED FOR SPACING 16 oc GROUP 1 EXTERIOR SIZED FOR SPACING EXTERIOR for residential and other light frame wall 000 PRP-108 000 sheathing, roof sheathing and subfloor- PS 1-95 PRP-108 FHA-UM-64 Kerfed ing applications. APA RATED SHEATH- ING can be manufactured with Span Ratings of 12/0, 16/0, 20/0, 24/0, 24/16, 32/16, 40/20 and 48/24, in thick- nesses ranging from APA 5/16 to 3/4 inches, THE ENGINEERED WOOD ASSOCIATION Reverse board & batten and in three exposure RATED SHEATHING durability classifica- 24/16 7/16 INCH SIZED FOR SPACING tions – Exterior, EXPOSURE 1 000 Exposure 1 and PRP-108 Exposure 2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DIY Shiplap Building Guide
    DIY SHIPLAP HEADBOARD BUILDING PLANS: Description: Complete Building Guide for a king size shiplap headboard Tools Needed: Jig Saw Skill saw Finish Nailer Measuring Tape Marking Pencil 1/16 tile spacers Twine and nail Materials: (9) 1"x6"x8' Pine Board (1) 4'x8' 1/4 Piece of Plywood Liquid Nails or Construction Adhesive 1.5" Finish Nails 1" Wood Screws Directions: 1. Cut the plywood to size. You want your plywood to be 48" x 80". The 4 foot side will be fine but you will have to cut the 8' side down to 80". Measure over to 80", mark with your pencil, and cut using your skill saw. 2. Now you need to cut the arched area on the piece of plywood. To get a precise arch you can use the nail and twine method. See more at: www.plumprettydecoranddesign.com Page "1 of "4 Here's how: A. First measure over 40" and mark. B. From that mark measure down 20" and place your nail. C. Using a piece of twine and your pencil, attach the twine to the nail and your pencil with a 20" gap between the two. D. Now stretch out the twine and mark your circle. Creating a circle with a 40" diameter. E. Next create a pivot point with a board. Meaning use a stationary point that can not move (a clamped board) and place your nail in. This time using a piece of twin and your pencil, attach the twine to the nail and your pencil with a 40" gap between the two.
    [Show full text]
  • Fundamental Studies on Wood/Cellulose-Plastic Composites
    J Wood Sci (2007) 53:470–480 © The Japan Wood Research Society 2007 DOI 10.1007/s10086-007-0889-5 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Rashmi Kumari · Hirokazu Ito · Masahiro Takatani Miho Uchiyama · Tadashi Okamoto Fundamental studies on wood/cellulose–plastic composites: effects of composition and cellulose dimension on the properties of cellulose/PP composite Received: September 6, 2006 / Accepted: February 9, 2007 / Published online: May 29, 2007 Abstract Although wood/cellulose–plastic composites Introduction (WPC) of low wood/cellulose content have been more ac- cepted worldwide and are promoted as low-maintenance, high-durability building products, composites containing In recent years, interest in composites based on renewable high wood/cellulose content are not yet developed on an materials has grown tremendously because of social re- industrial scale. In this study, fl ow properties, mechanical quests for low environmental stress, low-maintenance and properties, and water absorption properties of the com- high-durability products, and ultraviolet (UV) durability.1–3 pounds of cellulose microfi ber/polypropylene (PP) and Construction, transportation, industrial, and consumer ap- maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) were in- plications for wood/cellulose–plastic composites (WPC) are vestigated to understand effects of the high cellulose con- all on the rise. WPC have been primarily produced with a tent and the dimensions of the cellulose microfi ber. The low and medium percentage of wood/cellulose. Products molding processes studied included compression, injection, typically contain approximately 50% (by weight) wood/ and extrusion. It was found that fl uidity is not only depen- cellulose, although some composites contain very little dent on resin content but also on the dimension of the fi ller; wood/cellulose and others as much as 60%.1,4–7 Wood/ fl uidity of the compound declined with increased fi ber cellulose content may range from 70% to 90% and the length with the same resin content.
    [Show full text]
  • The Miracle Resource Eco-Link
    Since 1989 Eco-Link Linking Social, Economic, and Ecological Issues The Miracle Resource Volume 14, Number 1 In the children’s book “The Giving Tree” by Shel Silverstein the main character is shown to beneÞ t in several ways from the generosity of one tree. The tree is a source of recreation, commodities, and solace. In this parable of giving, one is impressed by the wealth that a simple tree has to offer people: shade, food, lumber, comfort. And if we look beyond the wealth of a single tree to the benefits that we derive from entire forests one cannot help but be impressed by the bounty unmatched by any other natural resource in the world. That’s why trees are called the miracle resource. The forest is a factory where trees manufacture wood using energy from the sun, water and nutrients from the soil, and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. In healthy growing forests, trees produce pure oxygen for us to breathe. Forests also provide clean air and water, wildlife habitat, and recreation opportunities to renew our spirits. Forests, trees, and wood have always been essential to civilization. In ancient Mesopotamia (now Iraq), the value of wood was equal to that of precious gems, stones, and metals. In Mycenaean Greece, wood was used to feed the great bronze furnaces that forged Greek culture. Rome’s monetary system was based on silver which required huge quantities of wood to convert ore into metal. For thousands of years, wood has been used for weapons and ships of war. Nations rose and fell based on their use and misuse of the forest resource.
    [Show full text]
  • Flier: Deck Connection and Fastening Guide (F-DECKCODE13)
    Deck Connection and Fastening Guide RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF CODE-COMPLIANT DECKS 800-999-5099 | www.strongtie.com Contents Introduction — Improperly Built Decks Can Be Dangerous .............3 Code Concerns ..............................................4 Critical Deck Connections ......................................5 Existing Decks: Retrofit or Replace .............................6–7 Ledger Attachment ...........................................8 Lateral Load Connection .......................................9 Footings ...................................................10 Visit the Deck Center at Post Bases ..............................................11–12 Beam-to-Post Connections ....................................13 www.strongtie.com/deckcenter Joists Terminating into Beam/Ledger. 14 Everything You Need in One Place Joists Bearing on a Beam .....................................15 Railing Post-to-Deck Framing .................................16 We have brought together all of our Stair Stringers & Treads ......................................17 information and training on building Selecting Connectors and Fasteners ............................18 stronger, safer decks in one location Stainless-Steel Connectors ...................................19 Correct Fasteners for Use with Simpson Strong-Tie Connectors .......20 to make learning easier than ever. Structural Wood Fastening ....................................21 Corrosion-Resistant Fasteners for Decking ....................22–23 Quik Drive Auto-Feed Screw Driving
    [Show full text]
  • 15 – Construction Vocabulary
    CONSTRUCTION VOCABULARY ABC (Aggregate Base Course): used in mixing with concrete and placed below concrete prior to the pouring of sidewalks, driveways, etc. It serves as a compacted solid base. Air return: A series of ducts in air conditioning system to return used air to air handler to be reconditioned. Ameri-mix: Maker of the pre-blended bag mixes we use in masonry work. Anchor Bolts: (also called J-bolts) Bolts embedded in concrete foundation used to hold sills in place. Anchor Straps: Straps embedded in concrete foundation used to hold sills in place, most commonly MASAs in our houses. Apron: A piece of driveway between sidewalk and curb. Back Fill: The replacement of dirt in holes, trenches and around foundations. Backing (aka blocking): a non-structural (usually 2x) framed support (i.e. for drywall). Balloon Framing: A special situationally required type of construction with studs that are longer than the standard length. Bay: The space between two parallel framing members (i.e. trusses). Beam: A horizontal structural member running between posts, columns or walls. Bearing wall (aka partition): A wall which carries a vertical structural load in addition to its own weight. Bevel: To cut an angle other than a right angle, such as on the edge of a board. Bird block (aka frieze board): An attic vent located between truss tails. Bird’s Mouth: A notch cut in the underside of a rafter to fit the top plate. Blocking (aka backing): A non-structural 2x framing support (i.e. for drywall) Board: Lumber less than 2” thick. Board Foot: The equivalent of a board 1’ square and 1” thick.
    [Show full text]
  • ½” (12Mm) HDF CORE Engineered Tongue & Groove INSTALLATION
    wood flooring C. SUBFLOOR TYPES AND CONDITIONS ypes efer to NWFA Installation Guidelines, Section II for ubfloor nformation xposure plywood minimum thick olid board x wide square edge kiln dried xposure minimum thick oncrete efer to NWFA Installation Guidelines, Section II, Chapter 5 & 6 article board is an approved subfloor for nail down or glue down applications inimum lywood ub flooring equirements x sheets of grade underlayment with a maximum on center joist construction f joist system is spaced over on center an additional layer of ½” (12mm) HDF CORE lywood underlayment laid diagonal or perpendicular will be required Engineered Tongue & Groove inimum specified materials at maximum span and spacing may result in movement gaps and noises he subfloor must be clean dry and flat to within per radius f necessary sand or plane high INSTALLATION GUIDELINES spots and fill low areas using a cement based patchingleveling compound ecure any loose boards or panels to prevent squeaking he surface temperature of the subfloor at time of installation should be at Float/Glue down/Nail or Staple least but never exceed Asbestos Warning Please read all installation guidelines o not sand existing resilient tile sheet flooring backing or felt linings as these products may contain asbestos fibers that are not easily identified he inhalation of asbestos dust can cause asbestosis or other before proceeding with installation serious bodily harm heck with local state and federal laws for handling hazardous material prior to attempting the removal of these floor A. INSTALLER/OWNER RESPONSIBILITY - IMPORTANT amage due to moisture issues is not a product failure and is not covered by our warranty Inspect all ooring material carefully for correct product and visible defects BEFORE INSTALLATION.
    [Show full text]
  • Samuel Beckett's Peristaltic Modernism, 1932-1958 Adam
    ‘FIRST DIRTY, THEN MAKE CLEAN’: SAMUEL BECKETT’S PERISTALTIC MODERNISM, 1932-1958 ADAM MICHAEL WINSTANLEY PhD THE UNIVERSITY OF YORK DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH AND RELATED LITERATURE MARCH 2013 1 ABSTRACT Drawing together a number of different recent approaches to Samuel Beckett’s studies, this thesis examines the convulsive narrative trajectories of Beckett’s prose works from Dream of Fair to Middling Women (1931-2) to The Unnamable (1958) in relation to the disorganised muscular contractions of peristalsis. Peristalsis is understood here, however, not merely as a digestive process, as the ‘propulsive movement of the gastrointestinal tract and other tubular organs’, but as the ‘coordinated waves of contraction and relaxation of the circular muscle’ (OED). Accordingly, this thesis reconciles a number of recent approaches to Beckett studies by combining textual, phenomenological and cultural concerns with a detailed account of Beckett’s own familiarity with early twentieth-century medical and psychoanalytical discourses. It examines the extent to which these discourses find a parallel in his work’s corporeal conception of the linguistic and narrative process, where the convolutions, disavowals and disjunctions that function at the level of narrative and syntax are persistently equated with medical ailments, autonomous reflexes and bodily emissions. Tracing this interest to his early work, the first chapter focuses upon the masturbatory trope of ‘dehiscence’ in Dream of Fair to Middling Women, while the second examines cardiovascular complaints in Murphy (1935-6). The third chapter considers the role that linguistic constipation plays in Watt (1941-5), while the fourth chapter focuses upon peristalsis and rumination in Molloy (1947). The penultimate chapter examines the significance of epilepsy, dilation and parturition in the ‘throes’ that dominate Malone Dies (1954-5), whereas the final chapter evaluates the significance of contamination and respiration in The Unnamable (1957-8).
    [Show full text]
  • End-Match-White-Paper-1.Pdf
    END-MATCHED VS. NON-END-MATCHED THE BUILDER’S CHOICE End-matching has been around for well over two decades in the manufacturing of wood siding, paneling and looring. This process has been shown to signiicantly decrease waste and labor, which make installation simpler and more eficient. However, builders are not easily convinced to move away from their tried and tested ways. This paper seeks to irst outline and respond to the main concerns from builders who have traditionally used non-end- matched products, secondly to outline the key beneits of end-matched products, and thirdly to provide testimonials from builders who have taken the leap. What are builders concerned about when they see, for example, 3”x8” Hand Hewn end-matched End-matched is a term that describes siding — random lengths 2’ to 8’? the process of double-end trimming The irst concern is often directed to the 2 to 8 foot tally. This can of wood siding, paneling or looring be mind boggling when you are used to 12 to 16 foot lengths. pieces, and precision milling a tongue- How do I cover the long sections? Where do I use all the small and-groove on the plank ends. pieces? Will there be numerous visible seams? What will that look like? Does it create any problems? Will I still need to make cuts? How much waste factor do we need to account for? Will it end up as being more work? Builders’ main concerns can be boiled down to the following points: • Tally and use of different lengths • Appearance • Waste • Workload These concerns can all be easily addressed — and will be as you read on! WWW.HEARTWOODMILLS.COM | 888.829.5909 1 How does end-matching change the build process? The most signiicant change for a builder is that end-matched paneling or siding no longer needs to butt on a stud.
    [Show full text]
  • Engineered Wood Installation 3/8” Or 1/2” Tongue & Groove: Float, Nail/Staple & Full Spread Gluedown Read These Instructions Completely Before Beginning Installation
    ENGINEERED WOOD INSTALLATION 3/8” OR 1/2” TONGUE & GROOVE: FLOAT, NAIL/STAPLE & FULL SPREAD GLUEDOWN READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS COMPLETELY BEFORE BEGINNING INSTALLATION. GENERAL INFORMATION Smoking by individuals exposed to asbestos fibers greatly increases the risk of serious ATTENTION INSTALLERS bodily harm. Unless positively certain that the existing in-place product is a non- asbestos-containing material, you must presume it contains asbestos. Regulations WARNING: Installation of wood product may create wood dust, which is may require that the material be tested to determine asbestos content and may known to the state of California to cause cancer. Avoid inhaling wood dust or govern removal and disposal of material. See current edition of the Resilient Floor use a dust mask or other safeguards for personal protection. Covering Institute (RFCI) publication Recommended Work Practices for Removal Sawing, sanding and machining wood products can produce of Resilient Floor Coverings for instructions on removing all resilient floor covering wood dust. Airborne wood dust can cause respiratory, eye and structures. skin irritation. The International Agency for Research on Cancer If you have technical or installation questions please call 1-800-258-5758 (IARC) has classified wood dust as a nasal carcinogen in humans. IMPORTANT HEALTH NOTICE FOR RESIDENTS OF MINNESOTA ONLY: Precautionary Measures: If power tools are used, they should be equipped THESE BUILDING MATERIALS EMIT FORMALDEHYDE. EYE, NOSE, AND with a dust collector. If high dust levels are encountered, use an appropriate THROAT IRRITATION, HEADACHE, NAUSEA AND A VARIETY OF ASTHMA- NIOSH-designated dust mask. Avoid dust contact with eye and skin. LIKE SYMPTOMS, INCLUDING SHORTNESS OF BREATH, HAVE BEEN First Aid Measures in Case of Irritation: In case of irritation, flush eyes REPORTED AS A RESULT OF FORMALDEHYDE EXPOSURE.
    [Show full text]
  • Historic Context Statement City of Benicia February 2011 Benicia, CA
    Historic Context Statement City of Benicia February 2011 Benicia, CA Prepared for City of Benicia Department of Public Works & Community Development Prepared by page & turnbull, inc. 1000 Sansome Street, Ste. 200, San Francisco CA 94111 415.362.5154 / www.page-turnbull.com Benicia Historic Context Statement FOREWORD “Benicia is a very pretty place; the situation is well chosen, the land gradually sloping back from the water, with ample space for the spread of the town. The anchorage is excellent, vessels of the largest size being able to tie so near shore as to land goods without lightering. The back country, including the Napa and Sonoma Valleys, is one of the finest agriculture districts in California. Notwithstanding these advantages, Benicia must always remain inferior in commercial advantages, both to San Francisco and Sacramento City.”1 So wrote Bayard Taylor in 1850, less than three years after Benicia’s founding, and another three years before the city would—at least briefly—serve as the capital of California. In the century that followed, Taylor’s assessment was echoed by many authors—that although Benicia had all the ingredients for a great metropolis, it was destined to remain in the shadow of others. Yet these assessments only tell a half truth. While Benicia never became the great commercial center envisioned by its founders, its role in Northern California history is nevertheless one that far outstrips the scale of its geography or the number of its citizens. Benicia gave rise to the first large industrial works in California, hosted the largest train ferries ever constructed, and housed the West Coast’s primary ordnance facility for over 100 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This Article in PDF Format
    E3S Web of Conferences 116, 00047 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911600047 ASEE19 Recognition of emission from the wood based products waste combustion using differential ion mobility spectrometry Monika Maciejewska1,*, Andrzej Szczurek1, and Żaneta Zajiczek1 1Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland Abstract. This work was focussed on the recognition of the emission of volatile compounds resulting from the combustion of engineered wood products waste. This kind of waste is broadly used for heating purposes in an unauthorised way, giving rise to unorganised emissions. The recognition of such events is very difficult due to the complexity of the produced gas mixture. We proposed to apply differential ion mobility spectrometry (DMS). This is a promising technique in terms of complex gas mixtures measurements. The recognition was based on the measurements of ambient air in the vicinity of the emission source and classification. The ensemble of classification trees was chosen as the classier. The obtained results showed that volatile compounds resulting from the combustion of wood based boards waste produced the distinctive DMS spectra, which could be used as the basis for the effective recognition. We achieved almost 100 % successful recognition of: 1) ambient air which contained volatile compounds resulting from OSB board waste combustion, 2) ambient air which contained volatile compounds resulting from MDF board waste combustion, and 3) ambient air, which was did not contain volatile compounds of this kind. The presented results have a considerable practical value. The DMS spectrometer was successfully applied to recognize wood-based boards waste combustion in field conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • GLOSSARY for WOOD BASED PANEL PRODUCTS (The Text Contains More Common Panel Terms.)
    GLOSSARY FOR WOOD BASED PANEL PRODUCTS (The text contains more common panel terms.) AIS - Abbreviation for asphalt impregnated Glulam - Short for glued laminated beam. These sheathing. A fibreboard product used for exterior are made of several layers of “lumber” glued wall sheathing. It contains asphalt mixed into the together in layers to form one structural piece. fibres to assist in improving weatherability. Interior Type - Moisture resistant glue is used to Butt Joint - The joint formed when two panels make this plywood, rather than 100% exterior meet but do not overlap. glue. Interior type also permits lower grade veneers. Chamfer - The flat surface left when cutting off the square edge of a panel or lumber. Lumber Core - The inner part of a wood veneered product that has lumber strips rather Cleaned and Sized - A light surface mechanical than more plywood veneers. process that removes material form the surface to provide an even surface and a panel of Non-certified - Plywood not certified by an uniform thickness. accepted agency as meeting the appropriate standards. Non-certified plywood is not accepted Composite - Made up of several items. by building codes and some other organizations. Panels may bear the mark of the manufacturer, Core - In a 3-ply panel, the innermost part but this is not a substitute for an accepted contained between the surfaces. In 5-ply, the certifying agency grade stamp. innermost ply contained between the cross bands. O & ES - Abbreviation for oiled and edge sealed, a process done to plywood concrete Crossband - The core veneers at right angles to form panels.
    [Show full text]