Index

Objekttyp: Index

Zeitschrift: Asiatische Studien : Zeitschrift der Schweizerischen Asiengesellschaft = Études asiatiques : revue de la Société Suisse-Asie

Band (Jahr): 49 (1995)

Heft 1: Chinese Societies at the Dawn of the Third Millenium

PDF erstellt am: 06.10.2021

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http://www.e-periodica.ch INDEX 281

~ Spring, 33 absolutism, 31 Berger, Peter L., 7; 151 accumulation du capital, 21 biological differences paraded as actor vs. position, 190-191 science, 212 adaptation, 24 Birnbaum, Pierre, 59 administration, 9; 10; 36; 42 book titles, 41 affines, 160; 161 Borthwick, Sally, 223 agricultural output/production, 31; 34 Bourdieu, Pierre, 52 All- Women's Federation, 211 bribery, 41 Alliance for toe Protection of the Rights British Parliament, 92 of the Laborers, 43 Buck, John Lossing, 203 allies, political -, 186 budget, state -, 42 ancestor worship/culte des ancêtres, 5; bureaucracy/bureaucratie, 11; 36; 44; 235 61 ancestral cultural values, 225 local, 56; 58; 61; 64 anti-bourgeois liberalization bureaucratism, 35 campaign/campagne contre la bureaucrats, 62 libéralisation bourgeoise, 9; 33; 34 business, profit-making ~, 58 anti-rightist movement, 32 businesses, private —, 40 movement/cam- anti-spiritual pollution C contre la 9; pagne pollution spirituelle, cadres, 56 34; 38 retiring old —, 36 apathy, political 59 ~, ~ locaux, 12 appropriation des capitaux, 147 Canton, 146 arts, 31; 32 capacité de remise en question, 6 ascendance sociale, 17 capital Asie du sud-est, 7 ~ étranger, 19; 138 authoritarianism, 40; 66 ~ familial, 25 authority/autorité, 19; 187 foreign 154 absolute 185 ~, ~, shares 161 ~ floats with individuals, 191 -, symbolic —, 57; 58 personalization of 35; 36; 44; 46 ~, caractéristiques culturelles, 25 political 29 ~, Catholic Fujen University, 180 total 190 -, central government, 55; 56; 65; 66 46 autocracy, central planning, 35 autonomy, regional 44 ~, centralization of political power, 42 avantage comparatif, 143-149 centralized state power, 40 B Centre for Hong Kong Studies, 125 Ba Jin, 38 centre, 134 backdoor, 41 Cha, Louis, 100; 101; 102 Badie, Bertrand, 59 Chan, Tak-wing, 125 Bai Hua, 34 Chang Ying-hwa, 22; 173 banking, 44 change Beijing, 18 political ~, 49 ~ Democracy Wall, 37 radical cultural ~, 236 282 INDEX

political and social ~ s, 37 coastal cities, 198 socio-economic — s, 30; 32; 46 Cohen, Myron, 238 Cheek-Milby, Kathleen, 97 coherence, social ~, 217-238 Chen Yiyun, 213 collect debts, 185 chen zhi xian, 146 collective action, 58 Cheng Joseph Y.S., 96 collective businesses/enterprises, 34; children/enfants, 12; 61 35; 40; 44 chimie, 143 collectivisme, 23 China/Chine, 5; 6; 7; 8; 18; 19; 23; collectivization, 207 24; 29 combination of autoority and capital, 57 China Focus, 11 commerçants, petits ~, 12 China Week Exhibitions, 93 commune system, 34; 41; 55 — à trois vitesses, 148 communication, 41; 57 — centrale, 134 infrastructures de ~, 144 — communiste, 11 moyens de ~ s, 145 — de l'ouest, 134 voies de — fluviales, 5 Christian colleges in ~, 180 communisme, 24 division de la -, 131-149 communistes chinois, 6 dynamiques régionales en ~, 131- communization, 31 149 companies, foreign-owned —, 62 overall strategy of ~, 101 companies, officially sponsored —, 62 ~ paysanne, 18 competitiveness, 173 sociologie de la ~, 7 compétitivité économique, 23 ~ urbaine, 18 concurrence, 22 Chinese Communist Party/Parti confrontation policy toward Beijing, communiste chinois (CCP), 10; 18; 29; 107 30; 44 Confucian ~ leadership, 29 ~ culture and the economic success, Chinese People's Political Consultative 231 Conference, 43 — ethical system, 205 Chineseness, 220; 236; 237 five ~ relationships, 206 chinois d'outre-mer, 5; 148 ~ revival movement, 222 Chongqing, 146 Confucianism, 235 Christian Soochow University, 180 Confucianists bourgeois, 151 Chuang Ying-chang, 158 Confucius, 222 Chung-yuan, 179 Confucius modern —, 236 civil code, 36 congress/congrès Civil Law General Principle of, 36 ~ du peuple à l'échelon provincial, civil society, 42; 43 146 civil war, 43 14th ~ of the Chinese Communist class struggle, 32; 37 Party, 198 class/classe, 11; 16; 17 4th — of the Chinese Writers clivage entre Est, Centre et Ouest, 134 Association, 38 coastal areas/zones côtières, 60; 131- National People's ~, 43; 99 149 INDEX 283

Seventh National People's ~, 199; - as a resource, 20 200 ~ chinoise, 24 connection between economic change political ~/~ politique, 9; 37; 39; and political transitions, 49 40; 41; 42; 43; 46 connection(s), 173-192; 185 cycles, political ~, 66 cultivating —, 62 cyclic political swings, 33 personal ~, 173-192 cynicism/cynisme politique, 15; 39 social 173-192 -, D conservateurs, 15; 16 Dalian, 146 conservatism Chinese, 217 danwei, 55; 58; 61; 64 conservatism, 65 Decade Conference for Women, 214 conservative, 45; 46 decentralization, 34; 35; 40; 42; 44; Constitution, 45 61; 66 consumption, 31 decollectivization, rural 34 continuity/continuité, 9; 192 ~, decollectivization/décollectivisation, 23; contract 213 responsibility system, 34 contre-révolutions, 5 deinstitutionalization, 36; 44; 45; 46 contrôle des naissances, 23 delta du Fleuve Bleu, 147 Cornue, Virginia, 8; 12; 23; 197 democracy/démocratie, 8; 11; 13; 14; corruption, 11; 41; 42 15; 18; 45; 49; 50; 59; 65; 66 cosmological system, 205 democratic hopes of China's students, 238 cosmopolitan identity, 101 creuset social, 13 democratic movement Chinese, 101 criminal code, 36 democratization/démocratisation, 8; 13; Criminal Law, 36 14; 15; 43; 45 crisis, 66 troisième (grande) de 8; role vague —, of ~ during political transition, 14 49-66 trickle down 45 croissance ~, Deng Xiaoping, 6; 8; 9; 10; 29; 31; annuelle de l'industrie, - moyenne 33; 35; 44; 45; 46; 197 133 his real autoority, 44 ~ économique, 17 Department of Propaganda, 38; 41 ~ industrielle, 133 dépendance, 20 stratégie de 136 —, depolitization, 58 Elizabeth, 210 Croll, descent 160 cultural group, development/développement, 8; 19; 29 ~ capital, 58 economic ~/~ économique, 8; 18; ideals, 165 ~ 19; 20; 29 policy, 32; 41 - industrial 31 58 -, - production, social 197 Revolution, 31; 32; 33; 35; 37; ~, - socio-economic 29 38 ~, ~ différencié, 134 tradition, 190 - stratégie de —, 149 Chinese ideas, 165 - Diamond, Larry, 72 culture, 21 Diaoyutai protest, 93 284 INDEX didu fazhanlun, 134 - law, 36 differentiation, 234 - to toe county level, 36 dirigeants chinois, 6 elements sociocultural, 187 disadvantaged, 65 elites/elite, 18; 29; 46; 58; 65; 73 discrimination(s), 23; 214 political —, 43 patterns of ~, 203 - s locales, 14; 15; 16 sex -,203-213 émigration, 16 discriminatory labor practices, 212 empire agrarien préindustriel, 5 disparité, 19 empire chinois, 5 dissent, 43; 45 enterprise/entreprise, 22 dissenters, 37 - s à capitaux mixtes, 140 dissidents, 33; 38; 39; 43; 58 - s collectives, 10; 136; 141 division du travail, 21 - s de bourgs, 147 division internationale du travail, 136 - s familiales sous-traitantes, 21 domestic domain, 162 -spetites, 21 domestic sideline work, 210 - s sino-étrangères, 140 Dragons, 136 -/- familiale, 8; 19; 20; 173-192 E 21; 22; — tradition, 175 earthen rice bowl, 199 family —s are universal, 191 éclatement de l'unité nationale, 149 family managers, 36 éclatement du pays, 19 - individual 42 economic —s, non-state-owned — 49 growth, 31; 60; 64; 197 s, - private s privées, 34; 40; 141; liberalization, 197 ~s/~ - 174 performance, 35 - state run ~ s, 35 ~ prosperity, 63; 66 state-owned ~ s/— s d'État, 56; 141 economy/économie, 5; 8; 9; 10; 32 entrepreneur(s), private 62; 65 chinoise, 6; 10 ~, - entrepreneurial goals, 165 décommande, 136 - 12 de marché à la chinoise, 22 entrepreneurs, - capitalistes, 14 de marché socialiste, 6 - - époque maoïste, 23 de marché, 20 - equality, 213 en constante évolution, 21 - between and 200 familiale, 21 ~ men women, - 29 économistes, 7 era, post-Mao ~, ère préindustrielle, 5 éducation/éducation, 21; 22; 57 fermé, 134 efficiency/efficacité, 6; 29 espace économiques, fragmentation egalitarian ideals, 65 espaces dynamiques des 131-149 egalitarian system, 61 ~, esprit d'entreprise, 19 égalitarisme, 23 134 égalité, 11; 25 est, État, 11; 24 elderly, 61 autoritaire, 10 élections/élections, 15; 16; 45 ~ de droit, 10; 11 direct —, 36 - 11 free -, 33 ~ fort, INDEX 285

investissement d'-, 18 foires annuelles, 5 — nationaliste, 20 fonctionnaires, 12 -totalitaire, 9; 10 force militaire, 10 --nation, 11 forces, sociocultural —, 173-192 --Parti, 10; 11 foreign credits, 44 étiquette, 5 Four Cardinal Principles, 29; 33 étranger, 18 four modernizations, 33 études asiatiques, 7 fractures méridiennes, 134 études chinoises, 7 freedom of expression, 33 évolution démocratique, 15 freedom of speech, 43; 45 évolution politique, 8; 12 Fried, Morton, 22; 162 exclusion, 12; 60; 61; 65 Fu Yuehua, 37 Exco, 93 Fu Zhengyuan, 8; 9; 10; 13; 29 Executive Council, 93 Fujian, 18; 136 exit, 63; 66 G expédition économique au nord, 148 Gallin, Bernard, 22; 151; 162 expérience maoïste, 7 Gallin, Rita S., 8; 20; 21; 22; 151 exploitation, patterns of 208 -, Gang of Four, 31; 32 exportations chinoises, 141 ganqing, 22; 25; 162; 163; 164 exportations, 136; 140 Gansu, 137; 143 F Gardner, Ross, 8; 20; 21; 22; 151 façade maritime, 134 GATT, 144 face, 164 Geertz, Clifford, 52 facteur politique, 6 Gellner, Ernest, 234 familisme, 5 gender, 20 family/famille(s), 17; 19; 20-23; 64; metaphysical/cosmological beliefs 152 about -, 205 Chinese —s, 157 — roles and stereotypes, 161-165; extended -, 158 197-214 — division, 158 traditional - values, 161-165; 197- federated -, 158 214 ideal Chinese -, 158 gerontocrats, 30; 36; 42; 45 ideal of the -, 159 Gipouloux, François, 8; 12; 18; 19; complex — organization, 158 131 — planning, 207 girls, kidnapping of -, 210 stem ~s, 158 glasnost', 6 traditional extended -, 158 Goh Chok Tong, 231; 236 uterine -, 204 Goldthorpe, John H., 116 famine, 42 Goody, Jack, 191 Fang Lizhi, 39 government/gouvernement, 36 fang, 160; 166 — des districts par les villes, 146 Fanzjuo beiwanlu, 43 — personnel des cadres, 10 fengshui, 235 — officials, 36 feudal modernity, 202 — -controlled companies, 62 feudalism, 223 ~s local, 55 286 INDEX governmental agencies, 61; 62 Association for Democracy and governmental budget, 61 People's Livelihood, 94 grain rations, 200 authoritarian scenario, 107 grand ouest, 134 authoritarianism, 101 Great Britain, right of abode in -, 103 autonomous local government, 98 Great Leap Forward, 31; 44 autonomy, 94 Great Tradition, 236 Basic Law Consultative Committee Greenhalgh, Susan, 157; 160 (BLCC), 99 group(s)/groupes, 8 Basic Law Drafting Committee — boundaries, 58 (BLDC), 99 — formation, 53 Basic Law, 94; 99; 104; 106; 107 social - s, 49; 56; 57; 58; 59; 60; Beijing government in, 95 61; 65; 66 Beijing on toe democratic future of growth rate, 35 -,71-90 Guangdong, 18; 92; 99; 136 brain drain, 104 Guangxi, 18 Britain on the democratic future of guanxi, 12; 25; 41; 173-192 -, 71-90 guerre civile, 5 British intentions to transfer power, Guerre de l'Opium (1840), 136 76 guerre d'invasion japonaise, 5 British ruling class, 93 Guizhou, 133; 137; 143 Business and Professional 106 H Federation, business 77 Hainan, 18 sector, candidates most to emigrate, Harbin, 146 likely 104 Harrell, Stevan, 152 capital-labor conflict, 92 Hebei, 18; 133; 136 unchanged, 111; 125 Hechter, Michael, 52 capitalism capitalist class, 91; 96; 98; 99; 106 Heilongjiang, 133; 137 capitalist 79 Henderson, Gregory, 82 system, capitalists, 98; 103 héritage culturel chinois, 24 China the democratic future of, Hershatter, Gail, 209 on 71-90 hierarchical structure, 30 Chinese class, 95 hiérarchie politique, 25 capitalist Chinese Manufactures Association, hierarchy, 56; 61; 204; 206 95 Hirschman, Albert O., 63 Chinese University of 93 Hong Kong, 8; 12; 13; 14; 17; 18; 71 —, Christian Industrial Committee, 93; 1997/après 1997, 8; 12; 15; 74; 75; 94 76; 78; 79; 80; 83; 84; 87; 91; 93; Civil Association, 97 94; 95; 97; 104; 105; 106; 111 civil society, 73 abode bandwagon, 107 class, 106; 111-127 airport memorandum, 104 conflict, 88 airport, 104 - — inequalities, 119 anti-communist appeals, 79 — of 116 anti-democracy stand, 102 map contemporary —, politics, 91 anti-establishment forces, 79 - INDEX 287

Hong Kong electoral college, 100 collective action, 123 electoral committee, 87 community groups, 79 elites, 78; 79; 81; 83; 84; 85; 87; 88 competition, 124 elite fragmentation, 83; 90 confidence, 113 emigration, 103; 104; 105; 112 confrontation policy toward Beijing, equality of opportunity, 124 104 establishment forces, 84 conservative, 77 executive, 88 constitutional politics from 1986 executive-centered political system, onwards, 98 87 container terminal, 91 experience vs Chinese socialism, 125 cooperative policy with Beijing, 104 experience, 16-17; 111-127 decolonialization politics, 104 export-led development, 92 decolonization without external political actors, 80 independence, 111 Factory Owners Association, 95 decolonization, 74; 75 financial center, 91 delegitimation, 89 fragmented political leadership, 88 democracy, 71; 73 free-wheeling capitalist economy, 77 democracy movement, 105 general strike, 102 democratic governance, 78 - changes, 74; 76; 77; 81; 83 government, 87 - future, 77; 78 Governor of -, 97 Democratic Party, 105 gross domestic product, 91 - reforms, 73; 99 home in, 114 autonomous — package, 94 hunger strike, 101 democratization, 71; 72; 74; 75; 80; identity, 112; 115; 123 82; 87; 88; 89; 90; 101; 105; 106; ideology, 115 107 immunity from international - is a "purely" political matter, movements, 72 78 individualist strategy, 123 - process, 71; 78; 86 inequality, 111-127 - scenario, 107 inflation, 105 destabilizing effects of democratic Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, The changes, 77 Chinese University of Hong Kong, direct elections, 104 125 District Board election, 95-96 institutions politiques de, 16 District Board, 95-96; 106 intergenerational mobility, 117 divide and rule tactics, 85 island/îlede -, 13; 91; 94 economic miracle, 92 Joint Committee on the Promotion of economy, 107 Democratic Government, 100 economy in the late 1970s, 91 Journalists Association, 101 Education Eye, 125 laboring classes, 77 elections, 87; 94; 105-106 legislators, 87 electoral and legislative politics, 95 legislature, 87; 88 electoral arrangements, 80 liberals, 84 288 INDEX

Hong Kong — context, 77 local elections, 97 — convergence, 111 local elites, 84 — elites, 78; 82; 83; 85; 89 local political actors, 81 — forces, 80; 84; 86 local political arena, 85 — future, 79 local political elites, 83 — groups, 79 local political forces, 78; 80 — insurance, 124 local politics, 96 — mobilization, 101 London on the democratic future of, — parties, 89 71-90 — powerlessness, 89 mass demonstrations, 102 — reforms, 97; 105 masses, 79 — system, 80 media, 94; 96 — transition, 111 Meeting Point, 94; 96; 105 — weakness, 78 mentality, 114; 124 politically correct, 125 middle class politics, 91 politics of the vortex, 82; 83 middle class, 73; 77; 79; 91; 105 popular election, 85 mini-constitution of —, 16; 94; 99 populist politics, 84 mobility, 112; 113; 114 post-1997 government, 100 moderate faction, 102 power apex, 82 morality, 123; 124; 125 pressure groups, 79 nationalist, 94 pro-British faction, 94 negotiation politics on the future of, pro-business political groups, 97 94 pro-China forces, 84 networks, 114 pro-Communist, 92 new generation of middle class, 93 pro-democratic forces, 87 new middle class, 91; 105; 106 pro-Nationalist, 92 newly industrializing country, 91 pro-welfare ideological platform, 97 Observers, 93; 94 Professional Teachers' Union, 97 one-man-one-vote election, 100 public acceptance of toe existing opportunities, 113 non-democratic system, 77 optimism, 113; 114 pure political issues, 86 partial democracy, 87 radical faction, 102 path of democratization, 72 reforms, 96 people rule Hong Kong, 94 refugee, 92; 93 People Ruling Hong Kong, 106 refugee mentality, 115 People Save Hong Kong Campaign, restrained democratization, 111 103 rétrocession de -, 13 people's home, 114 rounds of talks, 106 people's mobility experience, 119 scenarios, 107 perception of social issues, 120 setback in democratic development, place of opportunities, 114; 119 88 political shadow government, 106 — alienation, 89 social and economic issues, 86; 88 - conflicts, 80 INDEX 289

Hong Kong huaqiao (Chinese sojourners), 148; social basis of the local political 219; 221; 222; 223; 224; 237 discourse, 111-127 huashang (Chinese merchants), 219 social ideology, 122 hukou, 10 social mobility, 114; 116; 117; 118; Human Development Index, 198 121; 122 human rights, 33 social structure, 111-127 humanism, 34; 38 socialist regime, 111 Huntington, Samuel P., 72; 82 soft authoritarian scenario, 107 I special administrative zone iconoclast, 236 100 government, identité chinoise, 9; 23; 24 state in the late 1970s, 92 ideological orthodoxy, 33; 40 state transformation, 91 ideology, 165 status 77; 94 quo, income, 56 stock market, 102 incorporation, 12; 60 strikes, 92 independence, moral —, 37 struggle for 80 power, individualisme, 25 for the colonial 77 support regime, individuals' economic benefits, 57 system/système 9; 12; 16; 17; - -, individus, 8; 18 18; 112 industrialisation/industrialization, 7; 20; through train, 105; 106; 107 21; 147; 160 administrators, 87 top industry/industrie(s) top-down democratization, 82 — chinoise, 142 Trade Development Council, 95 — d'exportation, 19 trade unions, 92; 123 — locale, 21 trading territory, 91 — lourde, 18; 142 transfer of 76 power, — minière, 143 transition period, 124 low value-added manufacturing s, unions, 92 - 92 United Democrats, 105 inequality, 16; 61; 63; 65; 66; 206; 210 University of, 93 inequality, regional 60 urban 93 -, movements, infanticide, 200; 210 of 17; 112 way life, informal channels, 64 workforce, 92 initiative, 6 working class, 92; 96 injustice, 17 Honig, Emily, 209 inside people, 157 Hou Liren, 65 institutions, 5; 6; 8; 19 households individual, 34 political —/— politiques, 14; 36 housing space, 31 — démocratiques, 11 Hsu, S.M., 126 legal-rational 57 Hu Yaobang, 44 -, modern —, 192 Hua Jian, 211 — politiques démocratiques, 12 huagong (Chinese coolies), 219; 221 institutionalization, 175; 191 211 Huang Xiyi, instrumental action, 174 intégration, 6 290 INDEX

intégration régionale, 144 K intellectual community, 37; 38 Kang Youwei, 217; 222; 235 intellectuals/intellectuels, 12; 24; 39; Kazakhstan, 144 58; 62; 233 Khoo Seok Wan (1874-1941), 222; 235 intelligentsia, 39; 42; 58 kinship patterns, 210 interest(s)/intérêt(s) Kowloon peninsula, 13; 91; 94 absence of organized -, 51 Kwok Kian-Woon, 5; 9; 24; 217 four types of — articulation, 54 L d' 25 groupes -, label, 32 — organises/organized 11; —, labor force, 40; 199 50; 65; 66 rural 34; 35 — «mafieux», 12 -, unused rural 64 — -, sans organisation labor international division of, 165 11 ; 49; formelle/unorganized —, labor market, 64 50; 55; 58; 61; 64; 65; 66 Lai, Frances, 98 fragmented 59; 61; 64 —, lao ban niang, 157 individual 58 —, lao ban play 163 articulation during political -, - Lau Siu-kai, 8; 12; 13; 14; 15; 71 transition, 49-66 law, 201; 208 organizing 49; 52 -, power is above the 209 intérieur, 134 ~, rule of —, 45 investissements), 137; 143 leader(s), 187; 191 direct étranger, 138 - leadership, 207 en capital fixe, 138 - political 31 invisible hand of social norms/main -, transfer of the 188 invisible des sociales, 22; 25; -, normes transition, 175 192 - Lee Guan Kin, 228 iron rice bowl, 199 Lee Kuan Yew, 228; 230; 236 Islamic 219 movements, Lee Ming-Kwan, 98 isomorphism institutional, 191-192 leftist orthodoxy, 39 J Legco, 16; 93; 94; 96; 97; 98; 100; Japon,7 105; 106 jia, 152; 158; 166 consensus politics in —, 98 Jiang Yiwei, 147 politicization of issues in —, 98 Jiang Zemin, 198 législation, 11 Jiangsu, 18; 137; 144 Legislative Council/Conseil législatif, jingji beifa, 148 16; 18; 86; 93; 94; 96 job, temporary —, 64 Li Honglin, 39 jobs, second -, 56 Lianyungang, 145 joint ventures, 62; 136; 137 Liaodong, 147 joint-ventures industrielles, 148 Liaoning, 18; 133 journals, 41; 42 liberalism, 66 ju heng buju, 134 liberalization, 32; 33; 34; 42 justice, 11 liberté, 10; 18; 25 life-time tenure, 35 INDEX 291

Lim Boon Keng (1869-1957), 220-222; media, mass media/médias, 10; 14; 31; 234-237 32; 39; 41; 57 Lin Nan, 8; 22 middle class/classe moyenne, 12; 14; lineage, 207; 208; 210 15; 16; 59; 198 Lishi de chaoliu, 43 migration, 10 literacy, 201 military/armée, 10; 44; 45; 46 literary discussions, 39 mimeographed journals/publications, literary work(s), 33; 38 38; 42 literature, 31; 32 Miners, N.J., 98 wounded -, 33 Ming Pao, 100; 101 Liu Binyan, 11; 39 miracle économique, 20 Liu Nianchun, 43 Mitchell, Robert E., 113; 114 Liu Shaoqi, 32 mobility/mobilité, 17; 153 living standard(s), 34; 61; 63 - socio-économique, 21 logique de l'échiquier, 25; 131 social -/- sociale, 17; 197 logique économique, 149 traditional Chinese - strategies, 157 Londres gouvernement de, 13 mobilization, social -, 58; 59; 65 Londres, 15; 16 modern/modernes, 6; 174 , 236 modernity/modernité, 7; 9; 20; 25; Lui Tai-lok, 8; 12; 16; 17; 18; 111 218; 223; 233; 234; 236 M Chinese —, 236 modernization/modernisation, 7; 12; macro-régions, 131-149 23; 25; 32; 199 main-d'œuvre bon marché, 21 monde sinisé, 5 mainstream model, 100; 102 Mongolie intérieure, 143 Major, John, 104 monopoly, 62 Malaysia, 114 Moore, Barrington, 50; 51 man, rule of 45 -, morality/morale, 16; 17 Mao Zedong, 44 morcellement, 132 maoïsme, 7 Moscou, 145 Maoists, 32 multinationales, 20 maquis industrialisation du, 148 Myers, Ramon, 161 market/marché, 12; 18; 21; 22; 25; 34; 35; 40; 41; 49; 56; 57; 61; 62; 66; N 131-149; 192; 197; 198; 211 Nan Lin, 25; 173 - international, 21 Nanyang Technological Institute, 227 mécanismes du -, 12; 131-149 Nanyang University, 223 - unifié, 136 Nanyang, the South Seas, 220 - s périodiques, 5 nationalism/e, 24; 46; 112; 222; 224 - economy, 213 Chinese —, 221 free -/-s libres, 10; 162 Nationalist, 41 masses gestion politique des, 5 Nationality Package, 103 matières premières, 18; 19; 143 nei ren, 157; 161; 163 May Fourth heritage, 223 neo-Marxist, 34 (1919), 222; neo-traditionalist, 236 237 292 INDEX

network(s)/réseau, 61; 160; 174; 175; - Congress, 29; 45 186; 208 — secretaries, 36 — de parenté, 25 — veterans, 31; 33 personal — s, 57; 58 — 's Central Committee, 45 social ~ s, 57; 64 - 's monopoly of control, 30 New Territorities/Nouveaux party-state, 29; 30; 31; 33; 34; 36; 37; Territoires, 13; 91 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 46 lease of —, 94 superordination of the —, 29 newly industrializing countries/nation, patriarchalism, 35 92; 174 patriarchy, 207 newspapers, 41; 42 patrilineal kin, 160 Nineties Monthly, 94 Patten, Chris, 16; 76; 104; 105; 106; Ningxia, 137; 143 107 norm(s)/norme, 21; 153; 162; 164 Beijing reaction to proposals of -, social -, 190 105 — s culturelles, 24 - 's reform initiative, 86 — sand rules, 192 pays sous-développé, 6 Peace 43 O Constitution, Pearl River Delta/delta de la Rivière O'Donnell, Guillermo, 50; 60 des Perles, 92; 147 official statistics, 49 62; 63 officials, 56 peasants, Pékin, 13; 15; 16; 18 Ogden, S., 43 pénétration occidentale, 19 Olson, Mancur, 52 Peng Dehuai, 32 one country two systems, 16; 74; 111; outside 157 112; 125 people, —, people's congresses, 45 one-party dictatorship, 198 capita consumption, 31 order/ordre, 15 per peranakan Chinese, 234 hierarchical —, 56 perestroïka, 6 legal 36; 45 —, 25 monolithic social 30 performances économiques, -, plan(s), 18 — économique mondial, 20 s quinquennaux, 18 organisation rationnelle, 22 - planificateurs, 19 output industrial, 34; 49 133; 134 ouverture à la différence, 6 planification, planning, 61; 198 owner of all toe lands, 44 — system, 55 P plants industrial, 44 Pai-Shing Semi-Monthly, 94 Plenum (3rd) ofthe llth CCP Central particularism(es), 25; 59 Committee (1978), 29; 34 particularistic interest, 58 pluralism, political -, 45 particularistic ties, 59 pluralisme politique, 25 parties, satellite -, 39 policy, policies partis politiques, 15 state — s, 62; 65 party/Parti, 9; 29; 32; 33; 36; 38; 39; state initiated — s, 30 208 ultra-leftist - s, 33 INDEX 293

one-child -, 210 production - reversal, 29; 33 - industrielle, 10; 141; 142 - swings, 29 norms of —, 156 Politburo Standing Committee, 30 small-scale -, 20 Politburo, 36 symbolic —, 57; 58 political productivité, 6 - campaigns, 36; 38 profiteering organizations, 56 - control, 41 progrès, 25 - economy, 61 progressistes, 16 - movements, 31; 32; 37; 38 propriété - participation, 43; 45 mode de -, 141 - persecution, 31; 32; 38; 43 citadelles de la — publique, 148 - pressures, 65 - publique, 141 - repression, 198 régime de la -, 141 politics/politique(s), 8 prospérité, 6; 13; 17 - of identity, 225-233 - économique, 19 - de développement, 18 protection legal, 57; 59 - économique, 6 protectionnisme provincial, 132 - s gouvernementales, 20 protections juridiques, 23 polity, 32 protests, 64 population, 15; 16; 17; 18; 20 local —, 64 - active agricole, 145 proto-civil society/proto-société civile, annual — growth rate, 36 11; 42 - control, 40 provinces côtières, 19 - mobile, 41 provinces du centre et de l'ouest, 18 rural ~ /populace rural, 31; 34; 35 publications, 42 post-totalitarianism, 40 publications, private —, 42 pouvoir politique, 12; 15 Q 31; 34 poverty, Qinghai, 137 power/pouvoir, 6 quanguo yibanqi, 131 concentration, 30 - questions sociales, 14 conceptions of -, 206 - economy, 61; 62 R over-centralization of -, 35 radicalism, political -, 224 personalization of -, 45 rape, 208 political -, 30 rational, 174 premier empereur, 6 rationalism, 236 prévisibilité, 6 rationalization/rationalisation, 25; 59 Princeton China Initiative, 11 rationalized world, 234 Printemps de Pékin, 9 rationnement, 10 privatization, 34; 40; 42; 44; 49 recentralization, 44; 66 privileged access, 59; 61 redistribution, 55 privileges/privileges, 11; 35 - des terres, 23 pro-democracy movement, 59; 64 redistributive power, 61 pro-démocrates, 16 294 INDEX reform(s)/réforme(s), 6; 11; 16; 24; — par habitant, 135 29; 31; 32; 36; 40; 49; 55; 57; 61; 148 state -, 40 economic —/— économiques, 10; révolutions, 5 11; 23; 34; 35; 36; 41; 46; 49; 50; rightists, 32 55; 56; 60; 199 rights, property -, 200 — in the economic area, 198 riots, 64 irreversibility of toe ritual life, 235; 236 — /irréversibilité des —, 10; 44 Rosen, Sheey, 114 — movement in China, 218 Rotterdam, 145 political -/- politiques, 9; 35 rural economy, 210 rural 34 —, S — démocratiques, 15 san xian gongye, 142 reformists, 45 san zi qiye, 140 régimes autoritaires, 11 Schmitter, Philippe, 50; 51 regions/regions, 131-149 Scott, Ian, 100 rural — (s), 31; 35 Scott, James, 54 — s 18; 134 côtières, sector/secteur disparités entre les diverses 18; —s, — d'État, 10 131-149 — non-étatique, 136 — 19 s pauvres, industrial 34 — s riches, 19 -, private —/~ privé, 10; 62 régionalisation économique, 131-149 service 34; 35 relations, 12; 22; 25; 162; 164 -, seigneurs de la guerre, 148 — centre/périphérie en Chine, 131- self-censorship, 41; 42 149 separate units (fang), 158 institutionalized 174 -, Shaanxi, 142 interpersonal 162 —, Shandong, 18; 136; 137 public 162 —, , 18; 92; 133; 136 social — of production, 153 Shanxi, 143 — s sociales, 22 shares, 161 relationship(s), 160; 161 Shenyang, 146 code of 162 -, Singapore/Singapour, 9; 23; 24; 114 social ~(s), 160; 206 authoritarianism, 231 economic 160 —s, Baba identity, 220-221 personal 174 -s, bilingual education, 226-229 Ren Wanding, 33; 37 chauvinism, 233 réseau des villes/urbain, 145; 146 Chinese education, 221-233 resources Chinese identity in, 217-238 distribution of 65 —, Chinese in, 218 natural 44 —, Chinese-educated (huaxiaosheng), social 174 —, 222; 223 retired people/retraités, 12; 61 Confucian Ethics Project, 230-231 réussite économique, 22 Confucian ideals, 232 revenue/revenu Confucian revival movement, 235; — national habitant, 135 par 236 INDEX 295

Singapore/Singapour - Joint Declaration, 15; 74; 75; 86; Confucianism, 230-238 95 creation of toe nation-state, 224 - Negotiations, 112 decolonization, 224 - relationships, 104 deculturalization, 229 - rivalry on the democratic future economic development, 233 of Hong Kong, 71-90 education, 221-233 So, Alvin Y., 8; 12; 13; 15; 91 English as a medium of instruction, social conflict(s), 50; 56; 59; 60; 62; 227 63; 65; 66 English as language, 226 social life, 32 English-educated (yingxiaosheng), social science/sciences sociales, 6; 7; 222 33 English-educated, 223 social structure, Chinese, 173 filial piety, 235 socialism, state -, 49 history of Chinese settlement in, 219 socialism with Chinese characteristics, Hock Lee riots, 224 29 ideology, 233 socialism, 65 intellectual life in, 217-238 socialist legal order, 45 junzi, 232 socialist societies, 49 mandarinization of Chinese culture, socialist state, 60 237 society/société, 18 May Thirteenth Incident, 224 Chinese —, 218 meritocracy, 226 progressive — s, 234 moral education, 230; 235 - civile, 13; 14 multilingualism, 225-229 - communiste idéale, 6 multiracialism, 225-229; 233 - dengiste, 9 Nanyang University (Nan Da), 224; - moderne, 7 227 - ouverte, 12 People's Action Party (PAP), 225 - s affluentes, 19 peranakans, 220 - s pluralistes et démocratiques, 8 postmodern world, 237 - s socialistes, 11 radicalism, 233 sociologues américains, 7 rationalization, 233 sociologues classiques, 7 Shared Values, 232 Song Ong Siang (1871-1941), 221; sihkehs (new-comers), 221 234; 235 sinkehs China-born, 223 sous-institutionnalisation, 10 Speak Mandarin Campaign, 229 sous-traitance, 21 student unrest, 224 special administrative region (SAR), university, 223 94; 111; 112; 125 westernization, 229 special economic zone(s)/zones independence in 1965, 225 économiques spéciales, 12; 60; 208 Singaporeans, Chinese, 217-238 sphere Sino-British domestic —, 165 - conflict in October 1992, 105 private and traditional — vs. public and modern -, 226 296 INDEX

public —, 162 household responsibility — / — de stage responsabilité par foyer, 23; 34; 210 authoritarian -, 30; 43; 46 legal -, 35 post-totalitarian -, 29; 43 multi-party -, 33 totalitarian -, 46 political -/- politique, 5; 29; 30 Stalinist-Maoist policies, 31 rationing —, 40 standard of living, 210 relational -, 165 state, 30; 32 responsibility —, 41 strong -, 49; 50; 65; 66 social -/- social, 18; 30 totalistic control by the -, 40 totalitarian -, 30 state-society linkage, 49 wage —, 55 state-society relationship, 44 welfare —, 61 statu quo politique, 10 world -, 238 status quo, 46 world capitalist -, 155 status, socio-economic —, 57 — de prix, 143 status, 201 — de sous-traitance, 20; 21 statut, 20 — économique capitaliste, 12 Straits Chinese reform movement, 217 — ouvert, 134 Straits Chinese, 220-224 — spatial dual, 134 Straits Settlements, 24 — s économiques, 5 Straits-born 234 Chinese, 220-224; T Strategic Research Grant, University of Taichung Agricultural College, 176 Hong Kong, 125 Taichung Agricultural Higher School, stratégies familiales, 20 176 stratégies sociales, 22 Tainan Engineering Higher School, 176 stratification, 62 Taipei College of Engineering, 177 social 55; 60 —, Taipei Economic Higher School, 176 student demonstration(s), 39; 43 Taipei Higher School for Teachers, 176 student protest, 58 Taipei Imperial University, 176 Su Shaozhi, 39 Taiwan, 8; 12; 18; 19; 20; 21; 114 subcontracting "à la chinoise", system American aid, 154 166 American churches, 179 succès économiques, 15 banking policies, 160 succession, 187 center factories, 156 plans for 190 -, college entrance examination, 177 — struggle, 45 — College of Law and Commerce, Sud-Est 148 asiatique, 177 Sun Yat-sen, 217; 222 college student population, 179 suppression, political, 46 college-age population, 177 sur-personnalisation, 10 colleges in 173-192 Swaine, John, 94 -, competitive and fluctuating business Swettenham, J.A., 217 environment, 164 system/système compulsory sale of grain, 153 household registration 40 -, credit, 160 culture as a resource, 151-171 INDEX 297 development in -, 153-155 mobilization of social resources, economic boom, 177 182-187 economic family, 152 money market, 160 economic growth, 151 networks, 157 economic miracle, 151; 165 newly created colleges, 179 emigration policy, 178 - Normal College, 176 ethic, 151 not an exporting nation, 155 ethic of entrepreneurship, 151 opportunities, 157 export-oriented industrialization, 151 personal connections, 173-192 extended family, 187 political resources, 181-191 family, 151-171 private colleges in, 173-192 family and enterprise, 173-192 pro-China political activities, 189 family enterprise, 173-192 professional colleges, 185 founding of the enterprise, 182-187 public colleges' enrollment, 178 gender in -, 151-171 Puli, 152 geographically dispersed small-scale rice-fertilizer barter system, 154 businesses, 154 segmentation of toe production government networks, 181-191 process, 156 government's agrarian policy, 165 small-scale business firms in -, government's policy of export 151-171 industrialization, 165 small-scale firms in —, 157 group, 152 small-scale production, 151-171 growth with equity, 166 social resources, 173-192 hierarchy of production relations, socialization, 166 155 state planning, 151 hierarchy, 156 structure of subcontracting, 152 Hsin Hsing village, 152 structure of subcontracting, 155-156 - in 1949, 153 student-age population, 177 income equality, 167 subcontracting in —, 151-171 industrialization, 151 traditional customs, 152; 157 industrialization through export, 154 women, 161-165 jia, 159 work ethic, 151 joint family, 159 working class, 166 joint treasury, 159 world views, 167 joint unit, 159 takeover, Chinese, 76 labor force, 155 (1874-1961), 222 labor-intensive goods, 154 Tan Lark Sye (1897-1972), 223 land redistribution program, 153 Tang Wing-shing, 133 land reform, 153; 155 Tao Chunfang, 213 low-cost workers, 154 taux de croissance très différenciés, 135 market, 151-167 taxation, 64 marketplace, 151-167 tensions régionales, 19 media, 183 third-wave democracies, 89; 90 military service, 177 third-wave democratization, 71; 73; 78; 81; 82; 87 298 INDEX toird-wave transitions to democracy, 72 Tsai Yung-mei, 22; 173 ti, 29 Tu Wei-ming, 231 Tiananmen, 16 Tunghai, 179 - Crackdown, 9; 58 Tunghai University, 180 Incident - (1976), 9; 31; 32; 101; U 104; 107; 112; 197 underprivileged, 58 Massacre/massacre de la place - unemployed in urban areas, 64 (1989), 9; 34; 39; 102; 103 unemployment, 66 18; 133 Tianjin, unification Chinese, 94 ties, local, 186 Union soviétique, 6 ties, old-country 186 —, unit, 199 Charles, 59 Tilly, United Board for Christian Higher toleration, 45 Education in Asia, 180 tong-xiang, 186 unity, political 46 total control, 188 -, universalité des valeurs modernes, 24 total personal control, 186 university/université totalitarian, 43 s privées, 22 model, 30 - - National Taiwan 176 totalitarianism, 30; 40 -, National of Singapore, 227 trade foreign, 35; 44 - of Singapore, 227 tradition, 6; 9; 20 - first Chinese in Southeast Asia, Chinese — for in the - use 223 contemporary world, 157 unrest, social 46 traditional Chinese lifeworld, 218 -, urban resident status, 41 traditional symbolic universe, 237 Usu, 145 traditional world, 234 traditionalism, 236 V traits culturels, 22; 25 values/valeurs, 22; 25 transformation(s) — s culturelles, 20 industries de —, 19 - s occidentales, 25 social -,24; 217-238 — s traditionnelles, 22 de la socio-economic-political —, 29 — s universelles du progrès et - s économiques, 8; 13; 25 modernisation, 24 institutional -s, 173 traditional -s, 203; 231 transition, 11; 187 veterans, 31 1997, 106 village, same -, 186 - démocratique, 13 voice, 63; 66 - process, 49; 65 voluntary interest aggregation, 43 political ~(s), 11; 16; 50; 55; 59; W 60; 64; 66 wai ren, 157; 161; 162 44 transportation, Wang Gungwu, 225; 237 de 144 transports, moyens -, 19; Wang Ruoshui, 38 trois 131-149 Chines, Wang Ruowang, 39 trois macro-régions, 131-149 Weber, Max, 233 troisième 142 ligne, Wei Jingsheng, 33; 37; 39 INDEX 299 whateverist program, 32 Yunnan, 143 33 whateverists, Z Martin 59 Whyte, King, Zhanchun, 43 wife, traditional Chinese 205 -, Zhang Rongqing, 208 Pierre-Etienne, 6; 7 Will, Zhang Yimou, 209 Wilson, David, 104 , 44 Wilson, Richard 8; 12; 23; 197 W., Zhejiang, 18; 136; 137 women/femmes, 12; 23; 61; 157; 197- Zhongguo "zuo" huo, 43 214 Zhou Xueguang, 8; 11; 12; 13; 49 des 8 position -, Zhu Lin, 208 situation des -, 23 statut de la -/des -, 12; 23 Chinese -, 23; 161-165; 197-214 dépendance des —, 23 discrimination against ~, 200 kidnapping of -, 200 Law on toe Protection of toe Rights and Interests of -, 199-200 peasant —, 199 status of (Chinese) -, 197-214 violence against —, 209 - 's Higher School, 176 — 's social status, 201 lois protégeant les —, 23 Wong, Thomas W.P., 8; 12; 13; 16; 17; 18; 111 work force, 40 work hours, 202 workers/travailleurs, 14; 62; 65 workplace, 55; 56 world economy/économie mondiale, 6; 92 Wuhan, 146 X Xi'an, 146 Xinjiang, 143; 144 Xu Jiatun, 95 Xuebai xuehong, 42 Y yan hai, yan he, yan bian, 132 Yi Chinchun, 22; 173 yin-yang, 205-206; 214 yong, 29 Yuan Hongbin, 43