Estandares de medición “inteligente” para lograr interoperabilidad
Mariano Michael Bergman ITRON - Marketing and B&D Manager – Electricity – LAM [email protected] Campinas – Brazil
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile Presentation Contents:
Interoperability Definition Market Drivers / Overview Different Levels of Interoperability Mechanical Electrical Functionalities AMR - Communication AMI – Communication AMI - Interoperability Definition Market Overview Standards Types IEC, ANSI, proprietary Conclusion
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile Interoperability :
Definition: Is a property referring to the ability of diverse systems to work together (inter-operate). The IEEE defines interoperability as: the ability of two or more systems or components to exchange information and to use the information that has been exchanged.
Interoperability is key:
Protects large capital investment No vendor can deliver the “best” entire solution Simplifies “technology refresh”
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile Market Drivers towards Interoperability
Market liberalization and global competition created a complex environment and new needs for meter data collection, exchange and usage.
Energy providers, focusing on improving O&M efficiency, revenue collection, customer satisfaction, reducing non technical and technical losses and striving to optimize the use of their resources, need metering systems that provide more data, more often, from geographically dispersed locations.
Accurate data on time, securely, with the lowest possible overall cost are needed.
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile Types and Levels of INTEROPERABILITY
Mechanical Electrical Functions Communication AMR Communication AMI
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile Two main worlds for Electricity
• IEC International Electrical Committee - The largest territories (Except NAM) - Regional customization CENELEC (Europe) • UTE France, VDEW Germany, British standard …
IEC : Terminal box, Indoor • ANSI family - North America US, Canadian standards - Part of Central & South America - Caribbean and part of Pacific area
ANSI : Meter socket, Out door 6 Mechanical (Dimensions and Connections)
Symmetrical connection
Asymmetrical (DIN type) connection ELECTRICAL All world in one continent
LAM
SP - 2W and 3W PP - 3W 4W Delta Y Voltages: 120 V and 230 V Frequency: 60Hz 50Hz Internationsl Standards: ANSI, IEC National Standards: ...
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile Meter Functions (Residential / C&I)
Billing: Non Billing: kWh I / V / F / kVarh Mass Memory PF Anti Tampering Máx. Demand Functions. 15 / 30 min
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile Meter Communication
Mechanical Registers + Display
First communication to the meter was done through the mechanical register that at the beginning was done with pointer so the meter reader could draw instead of write the numbers . With the static meters introduction of new information must be communicated through an LCD type display.
Optical / Electrical Port + HHU
Applied to direct local data exchange. Meter reader connects a hand- held unit (HHU) to a meter or group of meters to download the information. More recently with the advent of AMR the local communication is only used for back up reading and for reprogramming the meter in the field
IEC 62056-21 / FLAG ( Direct local data exchange ) describes hardware and protocol specifications for local meter data exchange. The protocol permits tariff devices to be read and programmed. It is designed to be particularly suitable for the environment of electricity metering, especially as regards electrical isolation and data security. Meter Communication
Optical / Electrical Port + HHU
IEC 62 056-31 EURIDIS working with twisted pair cables for local or remote reading of residential meters . The basic EURIDIS solution uses a field bus for communication. Each meter is linked to the EURIDIS local bus, which consists of a two-wire cable connected to a magnetic coupler, generally located in the public domain. The operator simply connects a handheld unit to the magnetic coupler so that it can read each meter safely.
ANSI C12.18-2006 details the criteria required for communications between a C12.18 device and a C12.18 client via an optical port . The C12.18 client may be a handheld reader, a portable computer, a master station system or some other electronic communications device. This standard establishes protocol specifications and provides an open- platform communications protocol for two-way communication with a metering device through an ANSI Type 2 optical port.
Several Local Standards
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile Communication - AMR
AMR
Fixed Network Meter Reading
Transformation Transformation Mobile Meter Reading Revenue Protection Outage/Restoration Notification Voluntary TOU
Handheld Security Meter Operational Efficiency Reading Revenue Cycle Improvement
Costs – Costs Chain Value Lower Meter Reading Costs
Cost per per read Cost Technology Simple consumption read Interval Meter Data Distribution Reliability Integration Utility and Customer Benefits Meter Communication - AMR
AMR (Walk-By, Dive By, Fixed Network) Meter Communication - AMR AMR - Walk-By
Data Collection by Handheld Computer This lets meter readers gather data from Static meters or Mechanical meters equipped with ERTs without directly accessing the meter or the premises . The same handheld computer can read any combination of electric, gas and water meter modules as the meter reader walks the route. Back at the office, meter readers plug their computers into the utility’s network for automated uploading of gathered data and downloading of the next day’s routes. A meter reader using a radio-equipped handheld computer can read anywhere from 600 to 1000 meters in a typical day. significantly more than with a system based on manual data entry. Utilities switching to automated meter reading with handheld computers can see cost reductions coupled with more accurate and timely billing, which helps with revenues. This method works well for small- to mid-sized utilities and those planning a slower transition away from completely manual meter reading.
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile Meter Communication - AMR
AMR - Drive By
Data Collection by Mobile Collector For larger-scale automatic meter reading, utilities can equip vehicles with portable computers and radio transceivers meters. The speed of a car or van, compared to a meter reader on foot, dramatically improves meter reading frequency. That increased frequency gives utilities more possibilities to use data for saving costs and improving operations. While the meter reader drives the mobile collection vehicle along its route, the radio transceiver gathers data from meters within a radius of up to 900 meters . At the end of the day, the gathered data are uploaded to the billing system for bill generation and the next day’s route downloaded. Mobile data collections systems now come with state-of-the-art GPS mapping systems that let users “see” their data collection process and analyze any missed readings before leaving a route . Once the route has been completed and the meter reader has returned to the office, the system administrator can then play back the route that was driven to identify opportunities to optimize routes and improve meter reading. Mobile data gathering excels in a variety of environments. A single transceiver will read an average of 10,000 to 12,000 meters in an 8-hour shift with a single service, depending on meter density and system use. Mobile collection can also save time and costs in rural and industrial areas where meters may be too distant, difficult, or dangerous to reach effectively on foot. Meter Communication - AMR
AMR - Fixed Network
Reading by Fixed Network Utilities install a fixed network of central collection units for automatic meter reading. A central collection unit consists of a radio transceiver mounted on a pole, tower, or building gathering data from the meters within its radio reception range. Phone lines, IP, broadband, cellular, or other data connections provide communications with the utility. This permanently-installed data collection equipment gives utilities incredible opportunity and flexibility, including identifying electric service outages and restoration. Some utilities use a fixed network in more densely populated urban areas where high energy consumption and high account turnover in multiple-occupant buildings makes on- demand meter reading desirable. Other utilities install a fixed network in their service area when they need to gather very frequent readings to help with operational improvements. The amount of data that fixed networks can generate only truly becomes useful with the right data management and knowledge applications to analyze that data. Market Overview
• Enabling technologies, like low-cost A/D converters, microcontrollers, DSP-s, high capacity memories and latest communication methods are driving a revolution started some 30 years ago in a conservative industry, dominated for more than a century by electromechanical meters and manual meter reading
• Since 2006, interest in smart metering and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) has rapidly accelerated
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile Communication - AMI
Moving from AMR to AMI
AMI
Smart Grid Open Standards, Two-way AMR Communications
Transformation Transformation to smart meter Mandatory Time Based Rates Fixed Network Remote Disconnect/prepayment Meter Reading Mass Market Demand Response Home Automation Mobile Distribution Management Revenue Protection Meter Outage/Restoration Notification Voluntary TOU Handheld Reading CPP Rates Meter Low Meter Reading Costs Operational Efficiency
Costs – Costs Chain Value Reading Revenue Cycle Improvement Security
Cost per per read Cost Technology Simple consumption read Interval Meter Data Distribution Reliability Integration Utility and Customer Benefits AMI
• Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI):
An architecture of smart meters and advanced two- way communications providing essential infrastructure and information to:
– Reduce Technical and Non Technical Losses. – Improve Revenue Collection – Help consumers pay their bills. – Empower customer participation in managing their energy usage and conservation – Improve efficiency and reduce utility general O&M cost
AMI must deliver AMR functionality and improved revenue performance
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile LAM / SAM - Main DRIVERS
LOSSES - SAM
Source CIER Main causes of Non Technical Losses (NTL) : Metering tampering (inside the meter) Outside the Meter (direct connection, by pass,…) Meters outside of metrology range (old meters) Revenue Collection Losses (RCL) : Bad payers By example / habit Low income / manage consumption Reading errors (un volunteered / volunteered) Commercial Errors LAM – SAM Main DRIVERS
Direct Connections Sleeping Meters
Fraude Mkt Meter by pass Hold Disk
"We have a device that takes the electricity coming into your house and sends it back to the power company so your meter reads nothing!" All the "electricity" that enters your house IS Remote Control Fraud returned to the power company! That's why it takes two wires to complete a "circuit". Revenue Assurance Solutions (RAS) are based AMI systems with a more customized approach to Losses.
On top of RAS there are OTHER ECONOMIC BENEFITS:
Reading Cost Complex Tariffs Spot pricing MM Data Load Control Power Quality (DEC / FEC) Special Readings Reduce General O & M Costs Increase average meters reading per day Eliminate estimated reads Fewer employee injuries / motor vehicle accidents Reduce customer calls to the Call Center Reduce damage to customer property Exceed service quality standards for meters read Outage detection and recovery capabilities Increase customer quality of services awareness AMI - INTEROPERABILITY
Informar / Recolectar Administrar Utilizar Controlar Crear
Handhelds SCADA
Medición E. Eléctica ERP
MDM Concentradores Billing
Sistema Medición protección E. Gas Rutas Atención clientes De la facturación Medición agua Pronóstico consumos
Medición Administración Optimización E. Térmica Sistemas prepago MDC De distribución Information flowing upstream
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile AMI: Enabling Plug In cars Consumer Participation Energy management
Demand response, conservation
Price response
Direct load control Manage
Simple awareness Control Going “green”
Inform
Solar
Information flowing downstream To operate this Systems Successfully and with INTEROPERABILITY you need STANDARDS Hierarchy of the standards
Legal (country dependant) MANDATORY Legal metrology (Financial transaction involved) Communications Environment National / International MANDATORY OR NOT standards Enclosure, terminals, environment, communications, security Utility´s own standards Large utility specifications (EDF, ENEL…) De facto industrial standard Communications protocol TCP/IP, GSM…
26 Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile Open + International = ANSI / IEC
Advantages: Implemented by most meter / systems manufacturers, big customer base guaranties lower cost, interoperability and quality. Development cost is spread over a large customer base. Standard quality is robust since is reviewed buy a large technical community of Utilities, Manufacturers and other organizations.
High level of interoperability.
Disadvantages: Compromises have to be made at some level for specific applications. One size doesn´t fit all. Can be more expensive then a specific implementation.
NON MANDATORY STANDARDS
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile Proprietary (Utility) EDF / ENEL
Advantages: Developed according to specific utility needs for the best return on investment. Less compromise. Development cost is high but spread over a large customer base (> 35 million). Product cost is also kept low due to high volumes.
Highest level of interoperability
Disadvantages: Product Differentiation / Added Value is limited since specifications are usually very rigid. Needs a strong technical and financial commitment from the utility.
NON MANDATORY STANDARDS
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile Open + National
Advantages: Usually based on International standards with local customization to adapt to local needs . Adaptation cost is spread over a medium customer base and usually is done locally.
Medium level of Interoperability
Disadvantages: Customizations can introduce additional cost (justify by the local application) and must be carefully defined and implemented in order to avoid losing overall robustness .
NON MANDATORY STANDARDS
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile Proprietary (Manufacturer)
Advantages: Normally applied for communication, developed for best product performance and cost. Lower product compromise… Good for niche markets where some standards can bring a high burden to the product. Can be a good solution when there is a strong partnership between manufacturer and utility.
Low level of interoperability
Disadvantages: Utility has to rely on less vendors (one).
NON MANDATORY STANDARDS
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile Open Standards ANSI C12.XX
Adoption of ANSI C12.19 (meter data in standard tables) Adoption driven by utility industry For many utilities, C12.19 data is already mandatory, mature
ANSI C12.22 is the application layer protocol standard for AMI Builds on ANSI C12.19 Support structure ties in with other utility C12.xx standards Makes full provision for system interoperability Its development was meter-data centric Has followed a well considered evolution to its current form Offers network addressability & security at the application layer Independent regarding the communications technology chosen
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile C12.22 Features
• C12.22 is an application or system protocol that provides for the transport of C12.19 data tables over any network medium. Its features include: – A methodology for both session and “session-less” communications – A common data encryption and security model – A common addressing mechanism for use over both proprietary and non-proprietary network mediums – Interoperability among metering devices within a common communication environment – System integration with 3 rd -party devices through common interfaces and gateway abstraction (non-C12.22 compliant) – Both two-way and one-way communications with end devices
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile Open Standards IEC 62056-XX
DLMS: “Device Language Message specification” A generalized concept for abstract modeling of communication entities COSEM: “COmpanion Specification for Energy Metering” Sets the rules, based on existing standards, for data exchange with energy meters
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile IEC Features
IEC 62056-21 (Direct local data exchange) describes hardware and protocol specifications for local meter data exchange. In such systems, the operator connects a hand-held unit (HHU) or a unit with equivalent functions to a tariff device or a group of devices.
IEC 62056-62 (COSEM* interface classes) and IEC 62056-61 (OBIS*) describe an energy type, vendor- and communication media independent model of the metering equipment. The COSEM model, object oriented approach, working with objects close to the metering domain ( like registers, profiles, clock, schedules, communication setup and so forth ), provides a standardized view of the data generated, stored, displayed on and transmitted from the meter. The OBIS system provides a solution for identifying all metering data in a standardized way. Through standardized ways to add new interface classes and instances, the model supports innovation and competition while maintaining interoperability.
IEC 62056-42 ( Physical layer services and procedures ), IEC 62056-46 ( Data link layer using HDLC* protoco l) and IEC 62056-53 ( COSEM application layer ) describe a three-layer protocol stack, based on the ISO/OSI model, to transport data to and from the meter using the COSEM model described above. Interoperability is ensured through the possibility of negotiating features and parameters of each layer.
* COSEM: COmpanion Specification for Energy Metering * DLMS: Distribution Line Message Specification * HDLC: High-level Data Link Control * OBIS: OBject Identification System) HAN: ZigBee Smart Energy Profile ZigBee Smart Energy profile
ZigBee Smart Energy is an open-standard application for energy management. Designed in conjunction with utilities and manufacturers Tested and certified interoperability Smart Energy helps simplify, standardize, and automate demand response and energy conservation Certified devices for secure home-area networks are available today Meters, thermostats, load control, outlets, in-home displays OpenWay: Open Standards Architecture Open standards support network-of-networks Advanced smart metering standards ANSI C12.10 C12.19 C12.22 IEC 62056 – XX Network communications ZigBee ® wireless networking HomePlug ® powerline networking Public / private WAN: GPRS / 1xRTT / CDMA WiMax / Tropos / Arcadian Information technology standards Internet Protocol (IP) Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) Extensible Mark-up Language (XML) Web Services Description Language (WSDL)
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile Conclusion
Interoperability is key Protects large capital investment No vendor can deliver the entire solution Simplifies “technology refresh”
Why open standards? Deliver interoperability Allow for application growth not envisioned today Best when focused at application layer Any communication medium can be used
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile Thank You.
Mariano Michael Bergman ITRON - Marketing and B&D Manager – Electricity – LAM [email protected] Campinas – Brazil
To know more, start here: www.itron.com
Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile