Attacking Consumer Embedded Devices
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Fill Your Boots: Enhanced Embedded Bootloader Exploits Via Fault Injection and Binary Analysis
IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems ISSN 2569-2925, Vol. 2021, No. 1, pp. 56–81. DOI:10.46586/tches.v2021.i1.56-81 Fill your Boots: Enhanced Embedded Bootloader Exploits via Fault Injection and Binary Analysis Jan Van den Herrewegen1, David Oswald1, Flavio D. Garcia1 and Qais Temeiza2 1 School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, UK, {jxv572,d.f.oswald,f.garcia}@cs.bham.ac.uk 2 Independent Researcher, [email protected] Abstract. The bootloader of an embedded microcontroller is responsible for guarding the device’s internal (flash) memory, enforcing read/write protection mechanisms. Fault injection techniques such as voltage or clock glitching have been proven successful in bypassing such protection for specific microcontrollers, but this often requires expensive equipment and/or exhaustive search of the fault parameters. When multiple glitches are required (e.g., when countermeasures are in place) this search becomes of exponential complexity and thus infeasible. Another challenge which makes embedded bootloaders notoriously hard to analyse is their lack of debugging capabilities. This paper proposes a grey-box approach that leverages binary analysis and advanced software exploitation techniques combined with voltage glitching to develop a powerful attack methodology against embedded bootloaders. We showcase our techniques with three real-world microcontrollers as case studies: 1) we combine static and on-chip dynamic analysis to enable a Return-Oriented Programming exploit on the bootloader of the NXP LPC microcontrollers; 2) we leverage on-chip dynamic analysis on the bootloader of the popular STM8 microcontrollers to constrain the glitch parameter search, achieving the first fully-documented multi-glitch attack on a real-world target; 3) we apply symbolic execution to precisely aim voltage glitches at target instructions based on the execution path in the bootloader of the Renesas 78K0 automotive microcontroller. -
Usability and Security of Personal Firewalls
Usability and Security of Personal Firewalls Almut Herzog^ and Nahid Shahmehri^ Dept. of Computer and Information Science, Linkopings universitet,Sweden {almhe, nahsh}@ida.liu.se Abstract. Effective security of a personal firewall depends on (1) the rule granularity and the implementation of the rule enforcement and (2) the correctness and granularity of user decisions at the time of an alert. A misconfigured or loosely configured firewall may be more dangerous than no firewall at all because of the user's false sense of security. This study assesses effective security of 13 personal firewalls by comparing possible granularity of rules as well as the usability of rule set-up and its influence on security. In order to evaluate usability, we have submitted each firewall to use cases that require user decisions and cause rule creation. In order to evaluate the firewalls' security, we analysed the created rules. In ad dition, we ran a port scan and replaced a legitimate, network-enabled application with another program to etssess the firewalls' behaviour in misuse cases. We have conducted a cognitive walkthrough paying special attention to user guidance and user decision support. We conclude that a stronger emphasis on user guidance, on conveying the design of the personal firewall application, on the principle of least privilege and on implications of default settings would greatly enhance both usability and security of personal firewalls. 1 Introduction In times where roaming users connect their laptops to a variety of public, pri vate and corporate wireless or wired networks and in times where more and more computers are always online, host-based firewalls implemented in soft ware, called personal firewalls, have become an important part of the security armour of a personal computer. -
EC-Council Network Security Administrator (Exam 312-38)
Product Information Sheet Exam 312-38 EC-Council Network Security Administrator (Exam 312-38) Page | 1 ENSAv4 Copyright © by EC-Council All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited. Product Information Sheet Exam 312-38 EC-Council NSA is CNSS 4011 Certified The Committee on National Security Systems (CNSS)/National Security Agency (NSA) of the United States of America certified EC-Council’s Network Security Administrator (ENSA) course as having met 100% of the requirements as set out by the Committee on National Security Systems (CNSS) National Standards 4011. This certification is managed by the Information Assurance Courseware Evaluation (IACE) Program, National INFOSEC (Information Security) Education and Training Program and is administered by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA). The Committee on National Security Systems (CNSS) and National Security Agency (NSA) has developed a nationally recognized certification program based on NSTISSI standards. The CNSS/NSA Certification is a government class certification that is recognized as the National Training Standard for Information Security Professionals Students who have obtained these certifications would have demonstrated a solid grasp of the principles as outlined in the 4011 standard. With this, EC-Council has joined the ranks of the organizations United States Air Force Academy, United States Military Academy, Air Force Institute of Technology and Carnegie Mellon University; all of whom have attained the National Training Standard for Information Security Professionals - the CNSS 4011. Introduction The EC-Council's Network Security Administrator certification looks at the network security in defensive view while the CEH certification program looks at the security in offensive mode. The ENSA program is designed to provide fundamental skills needed to analyze the internal and external security threats against a network, and to develop security policies that will protect an organization’s information. -
Mikogo & Personal Firewalls
Mikogo & Personal Firewalls - ZoneAlarm Create an Exception Rule If you use ZoneAlarm personal firewall on your PC and you are having trouble using the Mikogo software you might have to first create an Exception Rule for Mikogo. In case you receive the following message and you use ZoneAlarm, please proceed as described below. Click on the ZoneAlarm icon in your system tray next to your computer clock. The ZoneAlarm main window will appear. In the vertical navigation on the left-hand side, click on Program Control. Mikogo & Personal Firewalls – ZoneAlarm Page 2 The ZoneAlarm Program Control will open. Click on the Programs tab. Click on Add. Browse to the mikogo-starter executable file, highlight it and click Open. Mikogo & Personal Firewalls – ZoneAlarm Page 3 Mikogo will then appear in the Programs list. Click in the Access column and choose Allow. Mikogo & Personal Firewalls – ZoneAlarm Page 4 Run a Connection Test Go to the Mikogo homepage and click on Join Session. When prompted enter 000-000-000 as the session ID and your name. Then click Join Session. Alternatively you can open the software on your computer. To do so, click on Start menu > Mikogo > Mikogo > to open and run the software. The panel will appear on your screen. Click on the button and enter the 000-000-000 session ID and your name. Then click Join Session. The following message will appear confirming that you can establish a connection with Mikogo: Mikogo & Personal Firewalls – ZoneAlarm Page 5 . -
Personal Firewalls Are a Necessity for Solo Users
Personal firewalls are a necessity for solo users COMPANY PRODUCT PLATFORM NOTES PRICE Aladdin Knowledge Systems Ltd. SeSafe Desktop Windows Combines antivirus with content filtering, blocking and $72 Arlington Heights, Ill. monitoring 847-808-0300 www.ealaddin.com Agnitum Inc. Outpost Firewall Pro Windows Blocks ads, sites, programs; limits access by specific times $40 Nicosia, Cyprus www.agnitum.com Computer Associates International Inc. eTrust EZ Firewall Windows Basic firewall available only by download $40/year Islandia, N.Y. 631-342-6000 my-etrust.com Deerfield Canada VisNetic Firewall Windows Stateful, packet-level firewall for workstations, mobile $101 (Canadian) St. Thomas, Ontario for Workstations users or telecommuters 519-633-3403 www.deerfieldcanada.ca Glucose Development Corp. Impasse Mac OS X Full-featured firewall with real-time logging display $10 Sunnyvale, Calif. www.glu.com Intego Corp. NetBarrier Personal Firewall Windows Full-featured firewall with cookie and ad blocking $50 Miami 512-637-0700 NetBarrier 10.1 Mac OS X Full-featured firewall $60 www.intego.com NetBarrier 2.1 Mac OS 8 and 9 Full-featured firewall $60 Internet Security Systems Inc. BlackIce Windows Consumer-oriented PC firewall $30 Atlanta 404-236-2600 RealSecure Desktop Windows Enterprise-grade firewall system for remote, mobile and wireless users Varies blackice.iss.net/ Kerio Technologies Inc. Kerio Personal Firewall Windows Bidirectional, stateful firewall with encrypted remote-management option $39 Santa Clara, Calif. 408-496-4500 www.kerio.com Lava Software Pty. Ltd. AdWare Plus Windows Antispyware blocks some advertiser monitoring but isn't $27 Falköping, Sweden intended to block surveillance utilities 46-0-515-530-14 www.lavasoft.de Network Associates Inc. -
Master's Thesis
Eindhoven University of Technology MASTER Securing the home network Stelma, J. Award date: 2015 Link to publication Disclaimer This document contains a student thesis (bachelor's or master's), as authored by a student at Eindhoven University of Technology. Student theses are made available in the TU/e repository upon obtaining the required degree. The grade received is not published on the document as presented in the repository. The required complexity or quality of research of student theses may vary by program, and the required minimum study period may vary in duration. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Architecture of Information Systems Research Group Securing the Home Network Master Thesis Jaap Stelma Supervisor: dr. D.S. (Dmitri) Jarnikov PDEng Graduation Committee: prof.dr. J.J. (Johan) Lukkien dr. D.S. (Dmitri) Jarnikov PDEng dr. J.I. (Jerry) Hartog, den Version: 1.2 (10 August 2015) Publication Date: 31 August 2016 Eindhoven, August 2015 Abstract Network security is protection and precaution taken against breaches of confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity, and accountability. The core technologies required to protect against the threads are identification and access control. -
Hostscan 4.8.01064 Antimalware and Firewall Support Charts
HostScan 4.8.01064 Antimalware and Firewall Support Charts 10/1/19 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco public. Page 1 of 76 Contents HostScan Version 4.8.01064 Antimalware and Firewall Support Charts ............................................................................... 3 Antimalware and Firewall Attributes Supported by HostScan .................................................................................................. 3 OPSWAT Version Information ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Antimalware Compliance Module v4.3.890.0 for Windows .................................................. 5 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Firewall Compliance Module v4.3.890.0 for Windows ........................................................ 44 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Antimalware Compliance Module v4.3.824.0 for macos .................................................... 65 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Firewall Compliance Module v4.3.824.0 for macOS ........................................................... 71 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Antimalware Compliance Module v4.3.730.0 for Linux ...................................................... 73 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Firewall Compliance Module v4.3.730.0 for Linux .............................................................. 76 ©201 9 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public. -
Sunbelt Personal Firewall User Guide
Use of this software is subject to the End User License Agreement found in this User Guide (the License Agreement). By installing the software, you agree to accept the terms of the License Agreement. Copyright (c) 2008 Sunbelt Software. All rights reserved. All products mentioned are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. No part of this publication may be reproduced, photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or translated into any language without the prior written permission of Sunbelt Software, Inc. Sunbelt Personal Firewall User Guide Contents Introduction .......................................................................................... 1-1 Before You Start .............................................................................................................1-2 Overview .........................................................................................................................1-2 Components ...................................................................................................................1-3 Functions and Features ..................................................................................................1-4 System Requirements ....................................................................................................1-4 Conflicting Software ........................................................................................................1-5 Styles and References -
Anti-Forensic Implications of Software Bugs in Digital Forensic Tools
Anti-Forensic Implications of Software Bugs in Digital Forensic Tools ALAIN HOMEWOOD Bachelor of Computer and Information Sciences (AUT, NZ) Diploma in Information Technology (AUT, NZ) A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty of design and creative technologies AUT University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Forensic Information Technology School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences Auckland, New Zealand 2012 ii Declaration I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the qualification of any other degree or diploma of a University or other institution of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement is made in the acknowledgements. ........................... Signature iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank everyone that has supported me in writing this thesis. Without their support this thesis may not have been completed. I have received guidance, support and insight from many people during the course of conducting this research. Firstly I would like to express my gratitude to my thesis supervisor, Dr Brian Cusack. Dr Cusack has provided continual support and guidance which has greatly influenced the direction of this research as well as the quality of the thesis. Dr Cusack is the latest of many faculty members of the School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences who have helped me reach my goals throughout my tertiary education. I also thank Campbell McKenzie for his continued support throughout writing my thesis. -
Crystal Eye Technology Report (Updated) – 2020
Technology Report Red Piranha’s Crystal Eye Platform Peter Hannay & Clinton Carpene [email protected], [email protected] 16th October 2017 Updated Review Red Piranha’s Crystal Eye XDR Platform v4.0 Kenneth Tan – [email protected] Meidi van der Lee – [email protected] Rossa Risdiana – [email protected] 4th September 2020 The statements made and opinions expressed in this report are believed to be correct by the authors, however the authors assume no responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions in the content of this report. The information contained in this report is provided on an as-is basis with no guarantees of completeness, accuracy, usefulness or timeliness. Any discussion of projections or future performance are subject to interpretation and it must be noted that past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results, as such no responsibility can be accepted for decisions made based on this report. 1 Executive Summary Red Piranha Limited is a public unlisted company registered in Australia and currently based out of Perth and Sydney, developing information security products called the Crystal Eye Extended Detection and Response (CE XDR) platform with the immediate target market being small and medium businesses in Australia and exporting to global markets. The Crystal Eye platform integrates a collection of security technologies to provide multiple layers of cybersecurity protection, giving the benefit of defence-in-depth with comprehensive features even without optional functions installed. Clients can add more functionalities from the Marketplace as required according to each business’ inherent risks and requirements. Additional functionality can be included mostly at no additional cost. -
Crystal Eye Technology Report
Independent Technology Report Red Piranha’s Crystal Eye Next Generation Firewall Operating System Peter Hannay & Clinton Carpene [email protected], [email protected] 6th August 2017 The statements made and opinions expressed in this report are believed to be correct by the authors, however the authors assume no responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions in the content of this report. The information contained in this report is provided on an "as is" basis with no guarantees of completeness, accuracy, usefulness or timeliness. Any discussion of projections or future performance are subject to interpretation and it must be noted that past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results, as such no responsibility can be accepted for decisions made based on this report. 1 Executive Summary Red Piranha Limited is a public, unlisted company registered in Australia. Red Piranha Limited (“Red Piranha”, the “Company”) is currently based out of Perth and Sydney, developing information security technologies and products. Red Piranha is a fully integrated supplier of cyber security services for small to medium enterprises in Australia with export capabilities for global markets. Red Piranha’s advanced intrusion and detection systems, backed by the Company’s threat intelligence, updates systems multiple times a day giving greater protection against zero day attacks and advanced persistent threats. The Company is currently working with its business associates and partners to produce a bundled insurance product. The product provides a complete cyber security service through acombinationoftechnologyandinsurancepackagestoprovideremediationshouldsomedamageor loss eventuate. In 2015, Red Piranha purchased the DNS.Insure platform and began development on the Crystal Eye Unified Threat Management systems (UTMs; the "Technology"). -
1UP A5 40PP BROCHURE Cut Marks
2017 Contents 3 Introduction 5 Keynote 8 Talks (alphabetically by talk / workshop title) 29 Workshops (alphabetically by talk / workshop title) 39 Thanks 2 Introduction It's that time of the year already. A time for giving and sharing challenges and responses. A time for catching up with old friends around the glow of a warm tty. A time for (get to the point Steve! -A)... erm... ok. It's a time to get a little crazy and break stuff... It's 44CON TIEM!!!!1!11!1!!!one!!ones!!11 Welcome back to another year of 44CON. This year we've gone all out on talks and have some amazing ones from speakers around the world. We have the drinks primed for Gin O'Clock, the bus bar is ready and we have a cracking evening session ahead. Our CTF this year is run by Immersive Labs, who are offering good money for challenges. Go and talk to them if you'd like to make some extra cash developing challenges for their platform, but don't forget to have a go at the CTF too! If this is your first 44CON, you should know we might not be like other events you've attended. Everyone is approachable from our sponsors to speakers to the crew. If you have any questions, problems or suggestions, please do talk to our crew or ask at the front desk. We want to make sure you have the best time possible. 44CON couldn't happen without our sponsors, please make sure you say hello. Our sponsors aren't there to give you a hard sell, they're there to help you have a good time so do make sure to visit them and see what they have to offer.