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Italy: Delayed Adaptation of Social Institutions to Changes in Family Behaviour
Demographic Research a free, expedited, online journal of peer-reviewed research and commentary in the population sciences published by the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Konrad-Zuse Str. 1, D-18057 Rostock · GERMANY www.demographic-research.org DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VOLUME 19, ARTICLE 19, PAGES 665-704 PUBLISHED 01 JULY 2008 http://www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol19/19/ DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.19 Research Article Italy: Delayed adaptation of social institutions to changes in family behaviour Alessandra De Rose Filomena Racioppi Anna Laura Zanatta This publication is part of Special Collection 7: Childbearing Trends and Policies in Europe (http://www.demographic-research.org/special/7/) © 2008 De Rose, Racioppi & Zanatta. This open-access work is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 2.0 Germany, which permits use, reproduction & distribution in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author(s) and source are given credit. See http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/de/ Table of Contents 1 Introduction 666 2 A profile of low fertility 670 3 The proximate determinants of fertility 676 4 Explaining low fertility in Italy: micro and macro determinants 679 5 Societal conditions impacting fertility and family 682 5.1 Lack of labour market flexibility 683 5.2 An unbalanced gender system 687 5.3 The ‘delay syndrome’ 689 5.4 Too much family 690 5.5 Too much Church and too little religiosity 691 6 Family policies 692 6.1 Financial support 693 6.1.1 -
The Case of Romanian Workers in Italy
Migrating or Commuting? The Case of Romanian Workers in Italy: Niches for Labour Commuting to the EU Florentina Constantin Florentina Constantin holds graduate degrees in Economy and Society from the University of Lancaster and in Sociology from the Central European University, and is at present a PhD student of the Graduate School for Social Research in Warsaw, Poland. Introduction An increase in the number of foreign-born residents has become a widespread phenomenon in Western Europe in the past two decades. Moreover, “in relative terms the largest increases in foreign population stocks were in countries that have traditionally been considered ones of emigration. In four such countries the foreign population more than doubled: Finland (up 218.8 percent to 1992), Italy (161.5 percent)[1], Portugal (131.2 percent) and Spain (124 percent)”.[2] Focusing on the case of Romanian workers in Italy, I intend to challenge the traditional approach towards migration in the European Union. I will argue that, when analysing the situation of Romanian workers, the term “migration” becomes more and more inadequate in addressing the problem of migrant workers in the EU. Instead, I will make use of the more specific term “commuting”, which international organisations and academic literature have previously used to describe short-term labour migration. Short –term labour migrants do not remain in the country for long – “they may come for the day, the week or on a seasonal basis for short periods of time to work either legally on contracts or ‘illegally’ as ‘tourists’” However, simply classifying labour commuting as “short-term migration” would be incorrect, as it does not adequately reflect, in many instances, the longer-term nature of the phenomenon of international “commuting” and also overlooks crucial aspects of the activity and life of persons involved in transnational labour. -
A/HRC/23/46/Add.3 General Assembly
United Nations A/HRC/23/46/Add.3 General Assembly Distr.: General 30 April 2013 Original: English Human Rights Council Twenty-third session Agenda item 3 Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development Report by the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants, François Crépeau Addendum Mission to Italy (29 September–8 October 2012)* ** Summary The Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants conducted a visit to Italy from 29 September to 8 October 2012. He visited Rome, Florence, Palermo, Trapani, Bari and Castel Volturno, and held consultations with Italian Government officials at central and local levels, civil society organizations, and migrants themselves. While recognizing that Italy has developed a large apparatus of laws and policies directed towards managing irregular migration and border management, much remains to be done in order to ensure the full respect for the human rights of migrants. * The summary of the present report is circulated in all official languages. The report itself, which is annexed to the summary, is circulated in the language of submission only. The appendix is circulated as received, in the language of submission only. ** Late submission. GE.13-13480 A/HRC/23/46/Add.3 Annex [English only] Report by the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants, François Crépeau, on his mission to Italy (29 September–8 October 2012) Contents Paragraphs Page I. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1–4 4 II. General background on Italy and migration: a brief overview ................................ 5–10 4 III. Normative and institutional framework on migration and border management ..... -
Post-Colonial Journeys: Historical Roots of Immigration Andintegration
Post-Colonial Journeys: Historical Roots of Immigration andIntegration DYLAN RILEY AND REBECCA JEAN EMIGH* ABSTRACT The effect ofItalian colonialismon migration to Italy differedaccording to the pre-colonialsocial structure, afactor previouslyneglected byimmigration theories. In Eritrea,pre- colonialChristianity, sharp class distinctions,and a strong state promotedinteraction between colonizers andcolonized. Eritrean nationalismemerged against Ethiopia; thus, nosharp breakbetween Eritreans andItalians emerged.Two outgrowths ofcolonialism, the Eritrean nationalmovement andreligious ties,facilitate immigration and integration. In contrast, in Somalia,there was nostrong state, few class differences, the dominantreligion was Islam, andnationalists opposed Italian rule.Consequently, Somali developed few institutionalties to colonialauthorities and few institutionsprovided resources to immigrants.Thus, Somaliimmigrants are few andare not well integratedinto Italian society. * Direct allcorrespondence to Rebecca Jean Emigh, Department ofSociology, 264 HainesHall, Box 951551,Los Angeles, CA 90095-1551;e-mail: [email protected]. ucla.edu.We would like to thank Caroline Brettell, RogerWaldinger, and Roy Pateman for their helpfulcomments. ChaseLangford made the map.A versionof this paperwas presentedat the Tenth International Conference ofEuropeanists,March 1996.Grants from the Center forGerman andEuropean Studies at the University ofCalifornia,Berkeley and the UCLA FacultySenate supported this research. ComparativeSociology, Volume 1,issue 2 -
Introduction Historical Development of Immigration
I t a l y No. 23 October 2012 Italy Introduction The transformation of the role of Italy from a country of emi- gration par excellence to a country of immigration took place somewhat suddenly from the late 1970s onwards. Especially in the last twenty years, Italy has experienced stronger immi- gration than many other European countries and currently the annual growth rate of the immigrant population is one of the highest in the European Union. Despite its young history of immigration, the country has significant experience regarding migration movements: apart from being one of the world’s largest exporters of manpower in the past, Italy, from the end of the 19th century onwards, also experienced sizable movements of internal migration from the agricultural South to the more industrialized North. In 1973, Italy, for the first time in its history, had a positive net migration rate: immigrants slightly outnumbered emi- grants. From that year on immigration steadily increased. This trend has become particularly noticeable since the 1980s: the 1981 population census already counted nearly 211,000 immigrants. In 1991 Italy faced the first wave of Background Information “mass immigration”: on only two days, around 50,000 Albani- ans arrived in Italy as a result of the collapse of the Albanian Capital: Rome communist regime. The 1990s were marked by an accelera- tion of immigration flows. While there were 356,159 foreign Official language: Italian residents in Italy in 1991, their number reached 1,300,000 in 2001 and increased even further to 4,500,000 in 2011. On Area: 301,340 km2 the 1st of January 2012 4,859,000 foreigners resided on Ital- ian soil, representing about 8% of the county’s total resident Population (at 1 Jan. -
Migration of Roma Population to Italy and Spain
CHAPTER – ROMA MIGRANTS FROM BULGARIA AND ROMANIA. MIGRATION PATTERNS AND INTEGRATION IN ITALY AND SPAIN 2012 COMPARATIVE REPORT EU INCLUSIVE SUMMARY Immigration trends in Italy and Spain – an overview ........................................................................... 2 Roma migration toward Italy and Spain ............................................................................................. 2 Home country perspective: Roma migrants from Romania and Bulgaria .......................................... 4 Selectivity of Roma migration ....................................................................................................... 7 Patterns of Roma migration ........................................................................................................ 10 Transnationalism of Romanian and Bulgarian Roma in Italy and Spain ......................................... 16 Discussion: Roma inclusion and the challenges which lie ahead...................................................... 18 References ....................................................................................................................................... 19 Immigration trends in Italy and Spain – an overview Italy and Spain, traditionally known as countries of emigration, became by the end of the 1970s countries of immigration (Bonifazi 2000). During the recent decades, these countries have received growing immigrant flows, mostly originating from other European countries, especial from Central and Eastern European countries after the -
Racial Exclusion and Italian Identity Construction Through Citizenship Law
L’Altro in Italia: Racial Exclusion and Italian Identity Construction through Citizenship Law Ariel Gizzi An Honors Thesis for the Department of International Relations Tufts University, 2018 ii Acknowledgements Over the course of this thesis, I received academic and personal support from various professors and scholars, including but not limited to: Cristina Pausini, Kristina Aikens, Anne Moore, Consuelo Cruz, Medhin Paolos, Lorgia García Peña, David Art, Richard Eichenberg, and Lisa Lowe. I also want to mention the friends and fellow thesis writers with whom I passed many hours in the library: Joseph Tsuboi, Henry Jani, Jack Ronan, Ian James, Francesca Kamio, and Tashi Wangchuk. Most importantly, this thesis could not have happened without the wisdom and encouragement of Deirdre Judge. Deirdre and I met in October of my senior year, when I was struggling to make sense of what I was even trying to write about. With her guidance, I set deadlines for myself, studied critical theory, and made substantial revisions to each draft I produced. She is truly a remarkable scholar and mentor who I know will accomplish great things in her life. And lastly, thank you to my parents, who have always supported me in every academic and personal endeavor, most of which are related in some way or another to Italy. Grazie. iii Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction………………………………………………………….1 Chapter 2: Theoretical Frameworks …………………………………………….6 Chapter 3: Liberal Italy………………………………………………………….21 Chapter 4: Colonial and Fascist Italy……………………………………………44 Chapter 5: Postwar Italy…………………………………………………………60 Chapter 6: Contemporary Italy…………………………………………………..77 Chapter 7: Conclusion…………………………………………………………...104 Chapter 8: Bibliography…………………………………………………………112 1 Chapter 1: Introduction My maternal grandfather, Giuseppe Gizzi, was born and raised in Ariano Irpino, Italy. -
The Twenty-Fifth Italian Report on Migrations 2019
V. Cesareo (ed.), The Twenty-fifth Italian Report on Migrations 2019 (ed.), The Twenty-fifth Cesareo V. In 2019, the annual ISMU Report on Migrations reached its 25th edition. The Twenty-fifth Migration Report presents a historical reconstruction of the migration phenomenon in Italy and analyses the transformations to which it has led in the past quarter century illustrating how the gradual rooting of newcomers has affected many aspects of our society, e.g., the labour market and the education field. As of 1 January 2019, ISMU Foundation estimates that the number of foreign people in Italy reached 6 million 222,000. Besides the traditional areas of interest – demographic aspects, legislation, labour and education – the Report examines other relevant topics, such as second generations and the protection of unaccompanied foreign minors. In this edition of the Report, ISMU once again focuses its attention on both the EU and the global level, with specific analyses on European integration policies and the new Multiannual Financial Framework, the impact of migration on European elections and the increasing role of Africa on EU migration policies and development aid. Edited by Vincenzo Cesareo The Twenty-fifth Italian Report on Migrations 2019 The ISMU Foundation is an independent research centre founded in 1992 promoting research and training activities on migration, integration and the ever-growing ethnic and cultural diversity of contemporary societies. As an independent scientific body, it proposes itself as a service provider open to the collaboration with national and European institutions, local administrations, welfare and health-care agencies, non-profit organisations, schooling institutions, Italian and foreign research centres, libraries and documentation centres, international agencies, diplomatic and consular representations. -
The Life and Death of Roma and Sinti in Italy: a Modern Tragedy
n o t e b o o k ITALY’S BAD EXAMPLE The Life and Death of Roma and Sinti in Italy: A Modern Tragedy Henry Scicluna1 oma have been present in Italy since spite of the fact that they have been living the 15th century, partly as a result of uninterrupted in Italy for several decades.2 migrations from Southeast Europe caused by the expansion of the Ot- It is estimated today that the Romani toman Empire. Romani groups from population in Italy numbers around 140,000. the Ionic and Adriatic coast settled in the south Eighty thousand of them have Italian nationality. R th of Italy, followed in the 16 century by the settle- The recent census shows there are 12,346 Roma ment of Sinti groups from Northern Europe in the living around Rome, Naples and Milan. The north of Italy. Vlax Roma arrived from Moldavia Government estimates that 12,000, mostly and Valacchia in the 19th century. At the end of from Romania, left Italy between the beginning the First World War all Roma in the annexed ter- of June 2008 and October 2008, when the ritories became Italian citizens. government undertook a census.3 Another migration, this time from Croatia and Slovenia, occurred during the Second The Italian perception of Roma and Sinti World War. Starting in the 1960s, there were other waves of migration from Poland, Roma and Sinti in Italy are referred to as “nomads” Hungary and ex-Yugoslavia, particularly after (Nomadi) by both the authorities and the general the disintegration of the latter and the Balkan population, who believe that these communities wars. -
Immigration to Italy and Return Policies: a Provocation, a Wishful Thinking Or an Opportunity?1
DAG 53 001-108:DAG 24/3/09 19:27 Página 11 Doc. Anàl. Geogr. 53, 2009 11-28 Immigration to Italy and return policies: a provocation, a wishful thinking or an opportunity?1 Maria Luisa Gentileschi Università degli Studi di Cagliari. Facoltà di Scienze Politiche Dipartimento di Richerche Economiche e Sociali Ordinario di Geografia Politica ed Economia [email protected] Data de recepció: gener del 2008 Data d’acceptació definitiva: setembre del 2008 Abstract In Italy, the return of immigrants to their country of origin is practically absent in the media and in the debate among the operators or the general public. In the countries of arrival, immigrant labour, at first, alleviates pressure on the local labour market with a ben- eficial effect, but in time might also cause competition with local labour, impede renova- tion of production and keep the situation stationary. On the other hand, in the countries of origin, several authors have underlined the damage of massive population emigration of the young and skilled workforce and explored ways to encourage emigrants to come back with the intention of taking part in the development process. The present paper invites discussion on the subject of returning migrants, a phenom- enon which is now being addressed by ongoing legislation. The policies that will accom- pany the return and reinsertion of immigrants in their native societies should connect the phase of arrival to that of return, promoting a comprehensive project based on the possi- bility of returns, multiple family permits, rotation of permits among family members, and enterprise planning. Key words: Italy, return policies, assisted returns, return actions, co-development. -
Surveying Romanian Migrants in Italy Before and After the EU Accession: Migration Plans, Labour Market Features and Social Inclusion
NORFACE MIGRATION Discussion Paper No. 2012-24 Surveying Romanian migrants in Italy before and after the EU Accession: migration plans, labour market features and social inclusion Isilda Mara www.norface-migration.org Wiener Institut für The Vienna Institute Internationale for International Wirtschaftsvergleiche Economic Studies Surveying Romanian migrants in Italy before and after the EU Accession: migration plans, labour market features and social inclusion 1 by Isilda Mara February 2012 Rahlgasse 3 Telefon: (+43-1) 533 66 10 E-Mail: [email protected] A-1060 Vienna Fax: (+43-1) 533 66 10-50 Website: www.wiiw.ac.at 1 This study is part of Tempo project. Financial support from NORFACE research programme on Migration in Europe - Social, Economic, Cultural and Policy Dynamics is acknowledged. The survey was carried out by ISMU, Milano 2011. We are thankful to Stephen Drinkwater and Michal Garapich for the design of the questionnaire and Alessandra Venturini for support, comment and suggestions in designing the questionnaire and finalization of the report. Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................... i 1. Introduction and background information ............................................................... 1 2. Methodology .......................................................................................................... 3 a. The sampling and surveying method ....................................................................3 b. The design of the -
Cross-Border Practices and Transnational Identifications Among EU and Third-Country Citizens - Final Report (Pp
www.ssoar.info Supra-national identification among movers and stayers in Europe Pötzschke, Steffen; Braun, Michael Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Sammelwerksbeitrag / collection article Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with: GESIS - Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Pötzschke, S., & Braun, M. (2014). Supra-national identification among movers and stayers in Europe. In E. Recchi (Ed.), The Europeanisation of Everyday Life: Cross-Border Practices and Transnational Identifications among EU and Third-Country Citizens - Final Report (pp. 84-113) https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-395189 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, non- Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, transferable, individual and limited right to using this document. persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses This document is solely intended for your personal, non- Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für commercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder conditions of use.