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50 YEARS OF BOTANY IN CANADA / 50 ans de botanique au canada

Acknowledgement / Remerciements 2

Annual meeting logo / Logo du congrès 3

Welcome to the Université de Montréal / Bienvenue à l’Université de Montréal 4

Welcome to the Montréal Botanical Garden / Bienvenue au Jardin botanique de Montréal 5

A tribute to André Bouchard / Hommage à André Bouchard 6

Celebrating 50 years of Canadian botanical discoveries / Célébrons 50 ans de découvertes botaniques 7

A tribute to Allan Charlton / Hommage à Allan Charlton 8

Weresub Lecture / Conférence Weresub 9

General Information / Informations générales 10

Detailed schedule / Horaire détaillé 12

Posters by section / Affiches par section 19

Symposium abstracts / Résumés des symposiums 21

Poster and oral presentation abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales 33

Photo de la page couverture : Stéphane M. Bailleul. Participants listing / Liste des participants 62 Gentianopsis virgata subsp. victorinii La gentiane de Victorin : un CBA AWARDS / PRIX ABC 64 taxon endémique des marais d’eau douce et saumâtres de l’estuaire du Saint-Laurent. Conference site map / Plan du site 72 Victorin’s fringed gentian: an endemic taxon of the fresh and brackish waters of the Saint Lawrence River estuary. Brief schedule / Horaire en bref acknowledgement / Remerciements

50 YEARS OF BOTANY IN CANADA / 50 ans de botanique au canada

2 Local Organising Committee / Comité organisateur local Thanks to our sponsors / Merci à nos commanditaires Jocelyne Ayotte Espace pour la vie (Ville de Montréal) Stéphane Bailleul Herbier Louis-Marie, Université Laval Denis Barabé Les Amis du Jardin botanique de Montréal Luc Brouillet Le Jardin botanique de Montréal Anne Bruneau Le Département de Sciences biologiques de l’Université de Montréal Denis Lauzer La Faculté des Arts et Sciences de l’Université de Montréal Stéphanie Pellerin Le Vice-rectorat à la recherche, création et innovation de l’Université Gilles Vincent de Montréal Les éditions Multimondes NRC Research Press Special thanks to / Nous remercions sincèrement University of Saskatchewan Julie Beaudoin Hélène Camirand Lucie Campeau Posters / Affiches Stéphane Daigle We would like to thank all the members and friends of the Stéphane Dupont CBA/ABC who sent us photos and texts for the posters that Daniel Forest highlight the prizes awarded by our association. Anne-Marie Gagné Nous aimerions remercier tous les membres et les amis de la Edeline Gagnon CBA/ABC pour les textes et les photos des affiches représentant Jade-Anais Genereux-Gamache les prix de l’association. Dave Goulet Karen Grislis Hugues Massicotte Joëlle Morin Pascale Ouellet René Pronovost Erin Zimmerman

NRC Research Press journals | Publishing Services Annual meeting logo / logo du congrès

Liparis liliifolia

Liparis liliifolia, commonly known as Purple 3 Twayblade or Lily-leaved Twayblade, has recently been identified and added to the list of native Quebec flora (2007). New orchid species are rarely discovered on a province-wide scale today, particularly in an area as well-explored and urbanized as the island of Montreal. Endangered in Canada, this species is not only a classic symbol of the challenges of conservation and preservation of natural environments, but also a reminder of the great biological richness in the Montreal area.

Le liparis à feuilles de lis (Liparis liliifolia) est une addition récente à la flore indigène du Québec (2007). La découverte de nouvelles espèces d’orchidées à l’échelle provinciale est un événement rarissime de nos jours, particulièrement sur un territoire aussi urbanisé et exploré que celui de l’île de Montréal ! Menacée au Canada, cette espèce est non seulement un symbole classique des enjeux de conservation et de préservation des milieux naturels, mais aussi un rappel de la grande richesse biologique montréalaise.

Logo : Erin Zimmerman Welcome to the Université de Montréal / Bienvenue à l’Université de Montréal 50 YEARS OF BOTANY IN CANADA / 50 ans de botanique au canada

4 The Université de Montréal is proud to welcome the L’Université de Montréal est très fière d’accueillir le Congrès de Canadian Botanical Association on the occasion of its l’Association botanique du Canada à l’occasion de son cinquan- 50th anniversary meeting. tenaire. The destinies of our university and the Montréal Botanical La destinée de notre université est étroitement liée à celle du Jardin Garden are intricately linked. Brother Marie-Victorin (born botanique de Montréal. Le Frère Marie-Victorin (né Conrad Kirouac), Conrad Kirouac), professor and author of the well-known “Flore professeur et auteur de la célèbre Flore Laurentienne, eut cette Laurentienne”, had a vision of a great public garden with a vision d’un grand jardin animé par une vocation de recherche qui strong research focus. Under his leadership, this garden was fut fondé en 1931 sous son impulsion. Peu de temps après, l’Institut established in 1931. Shortly thereafter, the Institut botanique botanique de l’Université, également créé par lui une vingtaine de l’Université also established by him some twenty years d’années plus tôt, y emménageait. Le premier chapitre d’un passion- previously, moved into the new Botanical Garden buildings, nant récit commun était écrit. bringing to a successful close the first chapter of our fascinating Grâce à des successeurs inspirés, l’Institut de recherche en biologie journey together. végétale s’épanouit depuis près de 25 ans dans ce cadre et, au Thanks to inspired successors, the Institut de recherche en tournant de la décennie, le Centre sur la biodiversité de l’Université biologie végétale has been flourishing here for close to 25 de Montréal émergeait dans cette continuité. Le magnifique site de years. At the beginning of the current decade, the latest chap- votre congrès est ce lieu où convergent les missions de recherche, ter in our partnership became a reality, with the construction de formation, d’éducation et de conservation de l’Université de of the Université de Montréal Biodiversity Centre. This venue Montréal et des institutions d’Espace pour la vie. Notre longue et for your meeting represents the point of convergence of the brillante tradition en botanique se poursuit. research, training, education and conservation missions shared La botanique traverse une époque mémorable de son histoire in close partnership by Université de Montréal and the Space séculaire. Une mise en commun sans précédent des informations for Life institutions. Our long and illustrious botany tradition recueillies sur le terrain et des outils technologiques toujours plus lives on in this partnership. perfectionnés révolutionnent les façons de faire et accélèrent le Botany is currently in a key phase of its long history. Thanks rythme des découvertes : sans renier ses origines, la botanique a to unprecedented means of sharing information collected in décuplé ses moyens. the field and ever more advanced technological tools, Botany, Alors que les changements climatiques, la biodiversité et la sécurité while respecting and preserving its origins, elevates its capacity alimentaire font l’objet de débats planétaires, jamais n’aura-t-elle for discovery to ever greater heights. reçu autant de défis lancés de part et d’autre. À l’écoute du passé et With climate change, biodiversity and food safety at the du futur, douée d’une capacité unique d’intégration des échelles en forefront of global concerns, never did botany face greater complicité avec les autres domaines de la biologie et des sciences challenges from every side. With an ear to the past and an eye de l’environnement, la botanique a beaucoup à nous révéler. to the future; armed with its unique capacity to study the living En cet anniversaire à marquer d’une pierre blanche, je vous souhaite world at all levels and, in collaboration with its accomplices in un très fructueux congrès. other areas of biology and environmental sciences, to integrate the information obtained, botany still has much to teach us.

On this milestone anniversary, I wish you a very productive meeting. Geneviève Tanguay Vice-rectrice recherche, création et innovation Université de Montréal

Geneviève Tanguay Vice-rectrice recherche, création et innovation Université de Montréal Welcome to the Montréal Botanical Garden / Bienvenue au Jardin botanique de Montréal 50 YEARS OF BOTANY IN CANADA / 50 ans de botanique au canada

On behalf of our faculty and staff, welcome to our Au nom de tout le personnel, je vous souhaite la bienvenue à 5 Garden in the heart of Montreal. notre Jardin botanique, situé au cœur de Montréal. The research conducted here, on the site of the Montreal Réalisée grâce aux efforts conjoints de l’équipe de botanistes du Botanical Garden, is a joint effort by botanists from the Garden Jardin et de l’Université de Montréal, la recherche constitue une and the Université de Montréal. Such research is fundamental activité fondamentale au Jardin botanique de Montréal et elle est to the Garden’s development and essential for the advance- essentielle au développement des connaissances et à l’avancement ment of our collective knowledge of plants. Together, the du savoir. Les activités de recherche ont permis à ces deux organi- Garden and the University operate the IRBV (Plant Biology sations affiliées qui ensemble forment l’Institut de recherche en Research Institute), and have earned international renown in biologie végétale de se bâtir une réputation de chef de file sur la the study of the diversity of plant life. Our plant collections, scène nationale et internationale, notamment en matière de diver- numbering close to 21,000 species and cultivars, are managed sité de la vie végétale. Les collections de végétaux, évaluées à près rigourously, and constitute essential sources of information for de 21 000 espèces et cultivars font également l’objet d’une gestion deepening our understanding of the plant world. rigoureuse et permettent l’amélioration de notre compréhension du monde végétal. Since it was founded in 1931 by Brother Marie-Victorin, the Montreal Botanical Garden has highlighted its prestigious plant Depuis sa fondation en 1931 par le frère Marie-Victorin, le Jardin collections, fostered scientific research and created activities botanique de Montréal a ainsi permis de mettre en valeur de pres- related to botany and horticulture for the general public. Marie- tigieuses collections de plantes et de développer des activités de Victorin highly valued this educational mission. He was par- recherche en lien avec la botanique et l’horticulture. Marie-Victorin ticularly committed to introducing children to botany, thereby avait à cœur cette mission éducative. Il tenait tout particulièrement fostering their link with nature and encouraging their aware- à initier les enfants à la botanique dès leur plus jeune âge et plus ness of its beauty and fragility. Today, Space for life pursues this largement, à les amener à reconnecter à la nature, à prendre con- mission via the largest complex of natural science museums in science de sa beauté et de sa fragilité. Une mission qui se poursuit Canada: the Biodôme, Montreal Botanical Garden, Insectarium aujourd’hui avec Espace pour la vie, le plus grand complexe muséal and Rio Tinto Alcan Planetarium. en sciences de la nature au Canada qui regroupe le Biodôme, le Jardin botanique, l’Insectarium et le Planétarium Rio Tinto Alcan. We invite you to enjoy your time here at the Garden and in Montreal to the fullest. Je vous souhaite un bon congrès et un séjour agréable à Montréal.

Charles-Mathieu Brunelle Charles-Mathieu Brunelle Director, Space for Life Directeur, Espace pour la vie A tribute to André Bouchard / Hommage à André Bouchard (1946-2010)

Photo : Journal FORUM , UdeM

Photo : Jacques Brisson André Bouchard (1946 - 2010) and the renewal of botany at the Université de Montréal

André Bouchard made a remarkable contribution to the ecology of plant communities, landscape architecture, urban André Bouchard (1946 - 2010) et le renouveau planning and conservation. In 1975, he became both a profes- de la botanique à l’Université de Montréal sor at the Université de Montréal and curator of the Montréal André Bouchard a contribué de façon remarquable à l’écologie des Botanical Garden. The complexity of the ecosystems he studied communautés végétales et du paysage, l’aménagement du territoire led him beyond traditional methods of plant analysis, to a et la conservation. Il entreprend simultanément sa carrière de perspective encompassing ecological, historical and spatial professeur à l’Université de Montréal et de conservateur du Jardin dimensions. He believed that a better knowledge of botanique de Montréal en 1975. La complexité des écosystèmes ecosystems is fundamental to land management. The results qu’il étudie l’amène à aller au-delà des méthodes traditionnelles of his research completely changed our interpretation of forest d’analyse de la végétation en adoptant une perspective écologique dynamics in southern Quebec. André Bouchard also played a historique et spatiale. Pour lui, une meilleure connaissance des key role in the creation of the Institut de recherche en écosystèmes est à la base des décisions en aménagement du biologie végétale (IRBV – Plant Biology Research Institute) territoire. Les résultats de ses recherches ont changé complètement and the scientific renewal of the Montreal Botanical Garden. notre interprétation de la dynamique des forêts du sud du Québec. André Bouchard a aussi été un élément clef dans la création de l’Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV) et le renouveau scientifique du Jardin botanique de Montréal. CELEBRATING 50 YEARS OF CANADIAN BOTANICAL DISCOVERIES / CÉLÉBRONS 50 ANS DE DÉCOUVERTES BOTANIQUES AU CANADA

The Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and the L’Institut de recherche en biologie végétale et le Jardin botanique 7 Montréal Botanical Garden are delighted to host the 50th de Montréal sont heureux d’accueillir le 50e congrès de l’Association annual meeting of the Canadian Botanical Association. botanique du Canada. Nous aimerions rappeler que ces deux Together, our two institutions have contributed actively to the institutions partenaires dans l’organisation du congrès ont largement development of botany in Canada, as exemplified by the work contribué au développement de la botanique au Canada, qu’il suffise of Brother Marie-Victorin, Jacques Rousseau, Pierre Dansereau de rappeler, ici, par exemple, les noms de Marie-Victorin, Jacques and André Bouchard, among others. Rousseau, Pierre Dansereau et André Bouchard.

To celebrate the CBA’s 50th anniversary, a symposium focused Pour célébrer ce 50e anniversaire, un symposium sur l’histoire de la specifically on the history of botany will highlight the contribu- botanique mettra de l’avant les contributions des botanistes cana- tions of Canadian botanists to the scientific progress in a diens au développement d’une diversité de disciplines de la biologie diversity of fields in plant biology. Each CBA section – plant végétale. De plus, des symposiums organisés par les ecology, systematics & phytogeography, plant development, différentes sections de l’ABC, permettront de mieux cerner les mycology, and teaching – has also organised a symposium enjeux scientifiques actuels et à venir de l’écologie, de la systéma- highlighting the current and future challenges of their disci- tique, de la morphogenèse, de la mycologie et de l’enseignement pline. Many of you will present your own ongoing research de la botanique. Vous serez nombreux à profiter de ce congrès and exciting results, reflecting the dynamic nature of botany pour présenter de nouveaux résultats qui reflètent le dynamisme in Canada, our role as critical commentators on environmental de la botanique au Canada, en tant que moteur scientifique, bien protection and the on-going development of new fields sûr, mais aussi en tant que discours critique sur la protection de of research. l’environnement et le développement de nouveaux champs de recherche. We would like to thank all those who have contributed to the success of this conference: members of the local organising Nous remercions toutes les personnes qui ont contribué d’une façon committee, symposium organisers, invited speakers, and ou d’une autre au succès de ce congrès. Les membres du comité particularly all in attendance who will present their latest organisateur local, les organisateurs des symposiums, les conféren- scientific discoveries. ciers invités et, surtout, tous ceux et celles qui ont pris la peine de participer au congrès et de présenter leurs derniers résultats Finally, we would like to dedicate this conference to the scientifiques. memory of our distinguished colleague, Dr. André Bouchard (1946-2010), whom we miss very much and who made such Enfin, nous souhaitons dédier ce congrès à la mémoire de M. André an important contribution to the development of botany Bouchard (1946-2010), notre regretté collègue, qui a contribué de in Quebec. façon remarquable au développement de la botanique au Québec.

We hope you will find this conference both captivating and Nous vous souhaitons donc un congrès captivant et fructueux, de productive. We wish you an enjoyable stay in this unique même qu’un séjour agréable à Montréal. setting that reflects our shared botanical past, present and future.

Anne Bruneau et Denis Barabé Co-présidents Anne Bruneau and Denis Barabé Comité organisateur, CBA/ABC 2014 Co-presidents Organising Committee, CBA/ABC 2014 a Tribute to Alan Charlton / Hommage à Alan Charlton (1938-2013)

We invite colleagues and friends of Alan Charlton to join us for a tribute during the Plant Development Section Meeting on Monday, June 16th, at noon (room B-104 at the Biodiversity Centre).

Born in Prestwich, Manchester, England, on December 27th 1938, Alan Charlton died in the South Lake District town of Ulverston, England, July 8th 2013. Although Alan Charlton was born, lived and worked in and around Manchester, for most of his life, he was to some extent a Canadian For more information / Pour plus d’information : at heart. During his long and distinguished career as an outstanding Remembering W. Alan Charlton. botanical researcher, Alan seemed to have one foot firmly planted in A great friend and supporter of Canadian Canada. He received a Masters degree at the University of Saskatchewan Botany by U. Posluszny & A. Charlton, CBA/ under Taylor Steeves, published 28 articles in the Canadian Journal of ABC Bulletin, 47(1): 13-15, 2014. Botany (now Botany) and collaborated with and mentored many mem- www.cba-abc.ca/bulletinMarch2014.pdf bers of CBA/ABC. In fact, Alan was a member of CBA/ABC for many years, attending and contributing to numerous meetings.

Nous invitons les collègues et amis d’Alan Charlton à venir lui rendre hommage lors de la réunion de la section structure et développe- ment (lundi 16 juin, 12h00, salle B-104 du Centre sur la biodiversité). Né à Prestwich, Manschester, Angleterre, le 27 décembre 1938, Alan Charlton est décédé à South Lake District, Ulverston, Angleterre, le 8 juillet 2013. Bien que Alan Charlton soit né et ait vécu et travaillé autour de Manchester la plus grande partie de sa vie, il était jusqu’à un certain point un canadien de cœur. Durant sa longue et remarquable carrière en tant que chercheur en botanique, Alan a toujours entretenu des liens privilégiés avec les botanistes canadiens. Il a fait sa maîtrise à l’Université de Sakatchewan, sous la direction de Taylor Steeves, a publié 28 articles dans le Canadian Journal of Botany (maintenant Botany) et a collaboré avec plusieurs membres de l’ABC/CBA. En fait, Alan a été membre de l’ABC/CBA durant de nombreuses années, participant et donnant des conférences à plusieurs congrès. Weresub Lecture / Conference Weresub

Mycorrhizal symbiosis research in Quebec: how we got there and where we are now?

The Weresub Lecture will be presented on Tuesday, June 9 17th at 18h in the Amphitheatre of the Biodiversity Centre (B104). This year we have the honour to welcome Dr. Mohamed Hijri from the Université de Montréal. La conférence Weresub sera présentée le mardi 17 juin à 18h à l’amphithéâtre du Centre sur la biodiversité (B104). Cette année nous avons l’honneur d’accueillir Mohamed Hijri de l’Université de Montréal

The mycorrhizal symbiosis between fungi and plants involves over eighty percent of all terrestrial plant species, and it is relevant for ecosystem diversity and functioning. The key process in the symbiosis is the acquisition of poorly mobile ions from soil by the fungi that greatly enhance plant mineral uptake, in particular phosphorus. Colonization of plants by mycorrhizal fungi results in a net increase in photosynthesis. Mohamed Hijri is Associate Professor of fun- Thus, mycorrhizal fungi make a very large contribution to gal molecular genetics with a particular focus the global carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. During on mycorrhizal symbiosis research. He has the twentieth century in Canada and in Quebec, mycor- been at the Plant Biology Research Institute (IRBV, Université de Montréal) since 2005. rhizal research has mainly focused on ecological and He obtained his BSc, MSc and PhD in physiological aspects as well as taxonomy. During the last Biochemistry, Cell biology and Molecular decade mycorrhizal research entered the genome era and genetics at the University of Burgundy, Dijon large-scale applications in agriculture and forestry. This France. He worked as a postdoctoral fellow in Molecular genetics and genomics with Dr Ian presentation is compiled to give a complete and compre- R. Sanders in Switzerland. He has more than hensive description of mycorrhizal research in the past, 15 years experience in arbuscular mycorrhizal present and future. fungal molecular genetics, genomics and evolutionary biology.

Mohamed Hijri est un spécialiste des symbioses mycorhiziennes. Depuis 2005, il est professeur agrégé de génétique moléculaire des champignons, à l’Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV, Université de Montréal). Il a obtenu son BSc, sa MSc, et son PhD, respectivement en biochimie, en biologie cellulaire et en génétique moléculaire, de l’Université de Bourgogne à Dijon, en France. Par après, il a travaillé comme post-doctorant en génétique moléculaire et en génomique avec le Dr Ian R. Sanders en Suisse. Il tra- vaille à l’IRBV depuis plus de quinze ans sur la la génomique, la génétique moléculaire et la biologie évolutive des champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires. General information /

Informations générales Toutes les activités du congrès (inscription, conférences, repas, réunions, cocktail de bienvenue, encan, banquet) auront lieu sur le site du Jardin botanique de Montréal. Les congressistes pourront profiter gratuitement de l’environnement remarquable qu’offre le Jardin botanique (serres, jardin extérieurs) 10 Parking and access to the Botanical Garden durant tout le congrès. The Botanical Garden’s parking lot is located at 4101, Sherbrooke St. East. Nous demandons aux congressistes de porter The daily rate is $12, payable at a parking ticket machine en tout temps leur cocarde lorsque sur le site in cash, or by Visa or Mastercard. The ticket must be du Jardin. Les activités du dimanche et lundi displayed in your car window. auront lieu dans l’édifice principal, alors que The Garden is on the “Green line” of the subway, les activités du mardi et mercredi se déroul- at the Pie IX station (http://www.stm.info/en). eront au Centre sur la biodiversité. Field trips All field trips will depart from the Garden’s Reception Centre, i.e. the entrance to the greenhouses. The field trip to the Gault Nature Reserve (Mont St. Hilaire) will depart at 9 am (arrival Stationnement et accès au Jardin botanique back by 4:30 pm). Lunch will be served on-site. Please wear Le stationnement du Jardin botanique est situé au 4101, rue good walking shoes and attire appropriate for hilly trail hiking. Sherbrooke Est. Les frais pour une journée sont de 12$ et les Don’t forget your water bottle, hat and sunscreen! méthodes de paiement acceptées par les horodateurs sont: pièces Guided tours of the Garden and the Biodôme will depart at de monnaie, Visa et Mastercard. Votre ticket doit être bien visible à 1:30 pm (arrival back by 4 pm). A water bottle, hat and travers la fenêtre de votre voiture. sunscreen are recommended for the Garden tour. Le Jardin est situé sur la ligne verte de métro à la Station Pie IX Registration (http://www.stm.info/en). Registration will take place in the Garden’s Reception Centre Excursions (the entrance to the greenhouses) on Sunday June 15 from Le point de rassemblement de toutes les excursions est le complexe 1-6:30 pm and on Monday June 16 from 7-8 am. During d’accueil du Jardin botanique (entrée des serres). registration on Sunday, emeritus members are invited to meet Le départ pour la sortie à la réserve naturelle Gault (Mont St-Hilaire) and enjoy a cup of coffee in a reserved room in the Reception se fera à 9h (retour à 16h30). Le dîner sera servi sur place. Prévoir Centre. des bottes et des vêtements appropriés pour la marche en sentier Welcome cocktail (avec dénivellation). Apportez de l’eau, un chapeau et de la crème A welcome cocktail will be held on Sunday June 15 from solaire ! 6:30-9 pm in the “Salle chlorophylle” within the Garden’s Les départs pour les visites du Jardin botanique et du Biodôme greenhouse complex (enter the greenhouses from the se feront à 13h30 (retour à 16h). Des guides accompagneront les Reception Centre; once inside, the room is straight ahead). participants aux deux endroits. Apportez de l’eau, un chapeau et de Each participant will receive a coupon for one complimentary la crème solaire pour la visite du Jardin. drink (wine, beer). Additional drinks will be available for Inscription purchase (at reasonable rates). L’inscription aura lieu au Complexe d’accueil du Jardin botanique Coffee breaks and lunches (entrée des serres) le dimanche 15 juin entre 13h et 18h30 ainsi Coffee breaks will be held near the conference rooms daily at que le lundi 16 juin de 7h à 8h. Dimanche, durant l’inscription, les around 10 am and 3:30 pm (with the exception of Wednesday membres émérites pourront se rencontrer autour d’un café dans une afternoon). A boxed lunch will be served outdoors, under a salle du Complexe d’accueil. festival tent located a short walk away from the Reception Cocktail de bienvenue Centre (see map). Un cocktail de bienvenue se tiendra le dimanche 15 juin de 18h30 Auction à 21h à la Salle chlorophylle situé à l’intérieur des serres du Jardin The traditional CBA live auction will be held under the festival botanique (du Complexe d’accueil, entrez dans les serres et la salle tent on Monday June 16 starting at 6:30 pm. A light meal will la salle est juste devant vous). Un coupon donnant droit à une con- be served on-site, and each participant will receive a coupon sommation gratuite (vin, bière) vous sera remis. Les autres consom- for one complimentary drink (wine, beer). Additional drinks mations pourront être achetées (à prix raisonnable) sur place. may be purchased (at a reasonable price) on-site. Only the Pauses-café et dîners individuals who checked the “auction” box on the conference Les pauses-café auront lieu tous les jours vers 10h et 15h30 (sauf registration form may attend the auction, since the accompa- le mercredi après-midi) près des salles de conférences. Les dîners, nying meals were ordered based on the number of registered sous forme de boites à lunch, seront servis sous le chapiteau qui participants. est situé à quelques minutes de marches des salles de conférences (voir plan). All conference activities (registration, presentations, meals, meetings, welcome cocktail, auction, banquet) will take place on the We ask that participants wear the confer- grounds of the Montreal Botanical Garden. ence identification badge at all times while Participants will thus benefit from free access on the grounds of the Garden. On Sunday to this remarkable site (including greenhous- and Monday, activities will be held in the es and thematic gardens). main administration building. On Tuesday 11 and Wednesday, activities will be held in the Biodiversity Centre.

Encan Le traditionnel encan de l’Association aura lieu au chapiteau le lundi 16 juin à partir de 18h30. Un repas léger sera servi sur place et un coupon donnant droit à une consommation gratuite (vin, bière) vous sera remis. Les autres consommations pourront être achetées (à prix raisonnable) sur place. Seul les participants ayant coché la case «Encan» sur leur formulaire d’inscription pourront participer à l’encan puisque le nombre de repas a été déterminé d’après le nombre de personnes inscrites.

«Student mixer» { Student mixer Afin d’encourager les échanges entre les étudiants participant au IRBV students have organized a field trip to downtown Mon- congrès, une sortie en ville est organisée par les étudiants de treal to encourage socializing among students attending the l’Institut de recherche en biologie végétale. Le départ se fera vers conference. The group will meet near the Biodiversity Centre 18h30-19h, après la conférence Weresub, près de l’amphithéâtre du amphitheatre at around 6:30-7 pm, after the Weresub lecture, Centre sur la biodiversité, et les déplacements se feront en transport and travel by public transportation. en commun. Weresub Lecture Weresub Mohamed Hijri, associate professor at the IRBV, will deliver Mohamed Hijri, professeur agrégé à l’Institut de recherche en the Weresub lecture. This event will be held in the Biodiversity biologie végétale donnera la Conférence Weresub. Cette présentation Centre amphitheatre on Tuesday June 17 at 6 pm. se tiendra à l’amphithéâtre du Centre sur la biodiversité à 18h le Banquet mardi 17 juin. The closing banquet will be held under the festival tent on Banquet Wednesday June 18 at 6 pm. Each participant will receive a Le banquet de clôture aura lieu sous le chapiteau le mercredi 18 juin coupon for one complimentary drink (wine, beer). Additional à 18h. Un coupon donnant droit à une consommation gratuite (vin, drinks will be available for purchase on-site from the caterer. bière) vous sera remis. Les autres consommations seront vendues sur place par le traiteur. Logistics Poster session Logistique Posters will be presented on Monday June 16 from 3:30- Session des affiches 6 pm in the “Boite à lunch “ room, across the hall from the Les affiches seront présentées le lundi 16 juin de 15h30 à 18h au Henri Teuscher auditorium in the Reception Centre. All poster local La boite à lunch situé tout près de l’auditorium Henri Teuscher presenters are asked to attend this session. Students eligible et du Complexe d’accueil. for the Ian and Sylvia Taylor Award for the best poster should Les affiches pourront être installées le dimanche 15 juin durant remain near their display throughout the session. Posters may l’inscription (de 16h à 18h30) ou le lundi 16 juin de 7h à 15h. be set up on Sunday June 15 during registration (from 4 to Les étudiants participants au prix Ian et Sylvia Taylor pour la meil- 6:30 pm), or on Monday June 16 between 7 am and 3 pm. leure affiche devront restés près de leur affiche durant toute la Oral presentations session. Presenters are asked to submit their presentation to the session Présentations orales chair on a USB stick, preferably in the morning before sessions Les présentateurs doivent remettre leur présentation sur une clé begin or at the very latest at the break prior to the session. USB à la personne responsable de la session, de préférence le matin Regular presentations should be a maximum of 15 minutes avant leur session ou au plus tard durant la pause avant la session. (12 minutes + 2 minutes for questions), and we ask that you Les communications régulières sont de 15 minutes maximum start and end on time. (12 minutes + 2 minutes pour les questions) et l’horaire doit être respecté. DETAILED SCHEDULE / HORAIRE DÉTAILLÉ { Excursions For the field trip and visits, please meet at the Complexe d’accueil (entrance to the public greenhouses) of the Montréal Botanical Garden. 12 Sunday, June 15th / Dimanche 15 juin

Gault Nature Reserve 9h-16h30 Emeritus coffee / Café membres émérites Lunch will be served at the nature reserve. The field trip 16h-17h Salle Polyvalente involves walking on trails, so good covered shoes should be Outgoing CBA Executive Meeting / Réunion du comité worn. Bring water bottle, sunscreen, hat, and appropriate exécutif sortant de l’ABC clothing for the weather. 17h-18h D362 IRBV Biodôme 13h30-16h Montréal Botanical Garden 13h30-16h Welcome Mixer / Réception de bienvenue 18h30-21h Salle Chlorophylle (Complexe d’accueil) Registration / Inscription 13h - 18h30 Complexe d’accueil

Monday, June 16th / Lundi 16 juin

Registration / Inscription 7h-8h Complexe d’accueil Welcome / Mots de bienvenue 8h - 8h30 Auditorium Henri-Teuscher Welcome and Introductions: Anne Bruneau, Director, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale; Charles-Mathieu Brunelle, Director, Space for Life; Geneviève Tanguay, Vice-rectrice recherche, création et innovation, Université de Montréal; Frédérique Guinel, President, Canadian Botanical Association

General Symposium / Symposium général Botany in Canada: past, present and future Chair: Frédérique Guinel (Wilfrid Laurier University) 8h30-15h30 Auditorium Henri-Teuscher CBA-S01 8h30-9h00 *Taylor, I. and *Taylor, S. CBA/ABC – Goals and achievements in its first 50 years CBA-S02 9h00-9h30 *Lacroix, C., Barabé, D. and Sawhney, V. Canadian contributions to plant structure and development CBA-S03 9h30-10h00 *Ford, B.A., *Macklin, J.A. and Saarela, J.M 50 years of floristic research in Canada: Looking to the past to shape the future 10h00-10h30 Coffee Break CBA-S04 10h30-11h00 *Brodo, I.M., Clayden, S. and Goward, T. Exploration of Canada’s lichen biota: A history CBA-S05 11h00-11h30 Dalpé, Y. Mycology in Canada: A multifaceted science CBA-S06 11h30-12h00 *Lechowicz, M.J., Johnson, E.A., and Loucks, O.L. A brief history of plant community ecology in Canada

Lunch 12h-13h30 Chapiteau Ecology Section Meeting B106 Biodiversity Centre { Plant Development Section Meeting B104 Biodiversity Centre

CBA-S07 13h30-14h00 *Frego, K.A., *Fenton, N.J., Belland, R.J., and Doubt, J. Bryology in Canada: Small but expanding CBA-S08 14h00-14h30 *Graham, S.W., Brouillet, L. and Bruneau, A. The past, present and future of plant systematics research in Canada CBA-S09 14h30-15h00 *Cuerrier, A., Turner, N., Lepofsky, D. and Bowyer, V. Plants for people and people for plants: History of ethnobotany in Canada 15h00-15h30 Concluding remarks Bruneau, A. 15h30 Coffee break

POSTER SESSION 15h30 -18h Salle Boite à lunch AUCTION & DINNER 18h30-21h30 Chapiteau DETAILED SCHEDULE / HORAIRE DÉTAILLÉ

13 Tuesday, June 17th / Mardi 17 juin

Concurrent Sessions Ecology Section Symposium Importance of long-term research in ecology Co-Chairs: André Arsenault (Atlantic Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service) and Liette Vasseur (Brock University) 8h-10h B104 Biodiversity Centre EC-S01 8h00-8h20 Rochefort, L. Long-term research in peatland ecology : A necessity to uncover patterns in these resilient and stable ecosystems EC-S02 8h20-8h40 Lechowicz, M.J. Gault Nature Reserve: the value of university commitment to a protected area EC-S03 8h40-9h00 *Arsenault, A., Klenner, W., and Vyse, A. Twenty years of long term ecological research in dry forests of southern British Columbia: Challenges, opportunities, and successes EC-S04 9h00-9h20 *Turkington, R. and McLaren, J.R. Herbaceous community structure and function in the Kluane region, Y yukon 9h20-10h00 Discussion 10h00-10h30 Coffee break

Plant Development section Symposium Panorama: Plant Development in Canada Chair: Moira E. Galway (St. Francis Xavier University) 8h-10h B106 Biodiversity Centre SD-S01 8h00-8h30 Yeung, E.C. In vitro organogenesis and shoot apical meristem formation SD-S02 8h30-9h00 Ouellet, F. Environmental and molecular determinants of shoot branching SD-S03 9h00-9h30 Khan, M., Tabb, P., Devi, B., Chisanga, B. and *Hepworth, S.R. Regulation of inflorescence architecture: Lessons from a model plant 9h30-10h00 Discussion 10h00-10h30 Coffee break

Concurrent Sessions Mycology & Mycorrhizal Associations Contributed Papers 10h30-12h B106 Biodiversity Centre M-CP01 10h30-10h45 *Archambault, R., Langlois, A., Turgon, J.-P., McNeil, R. et Lebeuf. R. Inventaire macrofongique de la réserve écologique du Boisé-des-Muir M-CP02 10h45-11h00 *Azaiez, A., Piché, P., Bertrand, A. et Khasa, D. Analyse de la dissolution du phosphate tricalcique au cours de la symbiose ectomycorhizienne – Étude de l’expression des gènes impliqués dans la production des acides organiques M-CP03 11h00-11h15 *Kilde, K., Massicotte, H., and Sanborn, P. Douglas-fir ectomycorrhizal fungi populations of extreme bedrock-derived soils of central British Columbia M-CP04 11h15-11h30 *McKechnie, I.M. and Sargent, R.D. Below the surface: Do mycorrhizal associations influence pollination in lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)? M-CP05 11h30-11h45 *Archambault, R. et Stefani, F.O.P. Le fongarium du Centre sur la biodiversité, un outil de référence majeure pour la connaissance de la macrofonge du Québec M-CP06 11h45-12h00 *Fortin, J.A. and Piché, Y. Fertility and nutrition of trees, a new paradigm DETAILED SCHEDULE / HORAIRE DÉTAILLÉ

14 Tuesday, June 17th / Mardi 17 juin

Systematics & Phytogeography Contributed Papers 10h30-12h B104 Biodiversity Centre SP-CP01 10h30-10h45 Brassard, G.R. The extensive botanical correspondence of Rev. A.C. Waghorne (1851-1900), Newfoundland missionary SP-CP02 10h45-11h00 *Burgess M., Cushman, K., Doucette, E. , and Campbell, C. Paralogy in a LEAFY gene and the species tree in Amelanchier (Pyreae, Rosaceae) SP-CP03 11h00-11h15 Cushman, K., Burgess M., Doucette, E. and *Campbell, C. What we are doing about species problems in tetraploid, apomictic Amelanchier (Rosaceae) SP-CP04 11h15-11h30 Baalim, F., Peters, C., and *Cota-Sánchez, J.H. Herbarium specimens unveil the distribution of carnivorous plants in Saskatchewan, Canada SP-CP05 11h30-11h45 *Godfrey, S. and Gillespie, L.J. A taxonomic and phylogeographic study of Parrya (Brassicaceae) in the North American Arctic using morphology and molecular data SP-CP06 11h45-12h00 *Gagnon, E., Lewis, G. P., Hughes, C. E., and Bruneau, A. Delimiting a new cryptic species in a new cryptic genus in Caesalpinia sensu lato (Leguminosae) from the dry tropical forests in the Andes

Lunch 12h - 13h00 Chapiteau { Mycology Section Meeting B106 Biodiversity Centre NSERC Information Session, Discovery Grant Programme 13h - 14h B104 Biodiversity Centre

Mycology & mycorrhizal Associations 14h - 15h15 B104 Biodiversity Centre M-CP07 14h00-14h15 McNeill, R. Protection de la mycodiversité et inventaires mycologiques au Québec M-CP08 14h15-14h30 Clairmont, L., *Jones, J.1 and Guinel, F.C. The hyper-mycorrhizal phenotype of the pea nodulation mutant E151 M-CP09 14h30-14h45 Singh, S., Vasanthakumari, M.M., Gurumurthy, B.R., Ravikanth, G., *Dayanandan, S., Storms, R., Shivanna, M.B. and Shaanker, R.U. Endophytic fungal diversity in the anticancer alkaloid producing plant Nothapodytes nimmoniana (Icacinaceae) in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot in India M-CP10 14h45-15h00 Fontaine, L. Microbe-driven fertility of boreal forests: insoluble phosphorus and potassium made available by ectomycorrhizal fungi and associated bacteria M-CP11 15h00-15h15 *Athukorala, S.N.P. and Piercey-Normore, M.D. Recognition between Cladonia rangiferina and the algal partner during resynthesis 15h15-15h45 Coffee break

Systematics & Phytogeography Contributed Papers 13h-17h B106 Biodiversity Centre SP-CP07 13h00-13h15 *Domenech, B., and Nadot, S. Floral morphology evolution in the Ranunculaceae SP-CP08 13h15-13h30 *Leung, S.H. and Gillespie, L.J. Elucidating the phylogeny of the Minuartia rossii complex in Arctic North America using a combination of morphological and molecular analysis SP-CP09 13h30-13h45 *Doucette, E., Cushman, K., Burgess M., Frye, C. and Campbell Systematics of polyploid apomicts in the eastern North American arborescent clade of Amelanchier (Rosaceae) SP-CP10 13h45-14h00 *Gutiérrez-Flores, C., García de León, F.J., León de la Luz, J.L. and Cota-Sánchez, J.H. Genetic diversity and population structure in a columnar cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) with different breeding systems DETAILED SCHEDULE / HORAIRE DÉTAILLÉ

15 Tuesday, June 17th / Mardi 17 juin

Systematics & Phytogeography Contributed Papers 13h-17h B106 Biodiversity Centre SP-CP11 14h00-14h15 *Janzen, F.H., Starr, J.R. and Ford, B.A. Is Carex section Hypolytroides sister to all other species in tribe Cariceae (Cyperaceae)? SP-CP12 14h15-14h30 Joly, S.*, Lambert, F., Alexandre, H. and Clark, J. Pollination syndromes and selection constraints on flower shape in Gesneria and Rhytidophyllum (Gesneriaceae) SP-CP13 14h30-14h45 *de la Estrella, M., Domenech, B. and Bruneau, A. Phylogenetic study of the Amherstieae group (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae). SP-CP14 14h45-15h00 *Hour, T., Gagnon, E. and Bruneau, A. Ecological niche modeling of Erythrostemon species from the core Poincianella-Erythrostemon group (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) SP-CP15 15h00-15h15 *Saarela, J.M., Bull, R.D., Peterson, P.M., Soreng, R.J. and Paszko, B. Phylogenetic relationships among the genera and tribes of the ‘Aveneae-type plastid DNA’ grasses (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae) 15h15-15h45 Coffee break

TP-CP16 15h45-16h00 *Sokoloff, P.C., Gillespie, L.J. and Chapman, C.C. Hey, you stole my chloroplast! Introgression between two Canadian Arctic Louseworts

SP-CP17 16h00-16h15 *Steeves, R. and Bruneau, A. A fast and frugal method for the isolation of chloroplast DNA from genomic extracts SP-CP18 16h15-16h30 *Elliott, T.L., Waterway, M.J. and Davies, T.J. Biotic and abiotic factors determining co-occurrence patterns in northern Canadian Cyperaceae SP-CP19 16h30-16h45 *Dickinson, T.A., Proctor, S., Shipley, P.R., Lee, J., Coughlan, J. and Zarrei, M. Natural Health Products and Crataegus of the Pacific Northwest SP-CP20 16h45-17h00 Metsger, D.A. Herbaria and Citizen Science – A Two Way Street

Mycology Section Symposium Fungi and food – the benefits, threats and commerce Co-chairs: Shannon Berch (Bristish Colombia Ministry of Environment) and Hugues Massicotte (University of Northern British Columbia) 15h45-17h45 B104 Biodiversity Centre M-S01 15h45-16h15 Percival, S.S. Mechanisms linking mushrooms and health M-S02 16h15-16h35 *Limay-Rios, V., Smith, J.L. and Schaafsma, A.W. Occurrence and risk management of mycotoxins in wheat and maize fields; harvest and storage M-S03 16h35-16h55 Cloutier, V. Animal mycophagy M-S04 16h55-17h15 Gévry, M.-F. Link between research and development of mycological resources in Quebec M-S05 17h15-17h35 *Berch, S.M. and Bonito, G. Cultivation of Mediterranean species of Tuber (Tuberaceae) in British Columbia, Canada 17h35-17h45 Discussion DETAILED SCHEDULE / HORAIRE DÉTAILLÉ

16 Tuesday, June 17th / Mardi 17 juin

Ecology Contributed Papers 17h-18h B106 Biodiversity Centre EC-CP01 17h00-17h15 Robson, D.B. Insect visitors to the rare silky prairie-clover (Dalea villosa) plant EC-CP02 17h15-17h30 Garbary, D.G. and *Hill, N.M. A Disjunct, sea-level population of a globally rare Avens Keeps its Mountain Manners EC-CP03 17h30-17h45 *Stevens, K., Ho, A. and Costea, M. Biology, habitat requirements, and distribution of Sida hermaphrodita (Virginia Mallow) at the Taquanyah Conservation Area, Haldimand County, Ontario EC-CP04 17h45-18h00 Dehaan, J. and *Vasseur, L. Lettuce – onion interactions: competition or facilitation?

Weresub Lecture 18h-18h30 B104 Biodiversity Centre Student Mixer 18h30-19h Meet in front of the lecture rooms in the Biodiversity Centre

Wednesday, June 18th / Mercredi 18 juin

Concurrent Sessions Plant Development Contributed Papers 8h-9h30 B104 Biodiversity Centre PD-CP01 8h00-8h15 *Dauphinee, A., Lacroix, C. and Gunawardena, A. Lace plant transformation: Enhancing a novel model system for programmed cell death PD-CP02 8h15-8h30 *Halat, L., Galway, M. and Garbary, D. Biofouling epiphytes are removed by asymmetric cell division and apical cell wall detachment in epidermal cells of the marine brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum PD-CP03 8h30-8h45 *Schwinghamer, T., Souleimanov, A., Dutilleul, P. and Smith, D. Novel plant growth regulator lipo-chitooligosaccharide (LCO) can enhance the germination of canola (Brassica napus [L.]) cultivars Polo and Topas PD-CP04 8h45-9h00 deBruyn, R.A.J., Paetkau, M., Ross, K.A., Godfrey, D.V., and *Ross Friedman, C. Thermogenesis-triggered seed dispersal in the dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium americanum (Santalaceae) PD-CP05 9h00-9h15 Behdarvandi, B. Despite being short-lived the rudimentary root of Cuscuta (dodders, Convolvulaceae) seedlings is functional PD-CP06 9h15-9h30 *Garbary, D., Macdonell, H. and Miller, A. Physiological integration in the symbiosis between the obligate, host specific epiphyte, Vertebrata lanosa, and its host fucoid, Ascophyllum nodosum

Teaching Contributed Papers 9h30-10h B104 Biodiversity Centre T-CP01 9h30-9h45 Arseneault, C. Documenting the history of a great garden T-CP02 9h45-10h00 Waters, I. Canadian Editions of American Textbooks: Upsides and Risks 10h00-10h30 Coffee break DETAILED SCHEDULE / HORAIRE DÉTAILLÉ

17 Wednesday, June 18th / Mercredi 18 juin

Systematics & Phytogeography Section Symposium Towards an eFlora of Canada Workshop Chair: Luc Brouillet (Université de Montréal) 8h-10h00 B106 Biodiversity Centre F-S01 8h00-8h15 Brouillet, L. Towards an eFlora of Canada: perspectives and challenges F-S02 8h15-8h30 *Macklin, J.A., Cole, H., Cui, H. and Sachs, J. Prototyping a botanical knowledge portal F-S03 8h30-8h45 *Gillespie, L.J., *Saarela, J.M. and Sokoloff, P.C. The Arctic Flora of Canada and Alaska project F-S04 8h45-9h00 *Wheeler, E. and Fenneman, J. Up and running: the Vascular Flora of British Columbia project 9h00-10h00 Discussion 10h00-10h30 Coffee break

Concurrent Sessions Teaching Section Symposium 50 years of botanical education: Highlights and perspectives from then and now Chair: Christine Peter- son (Thompson Rivers University) 10h30-12h30 B104 Biodiversity Centre T-S01 10h30-11h00 Peterson,R.L. Botany in the curricula of Ontario universities in 2014 T-S02 11h00-11h30 Mathur, J. Teaching Botany: Pouring old wine in new skins T-S03 11h30-12h00 Sawhney, V.K. Teaching botany for fun T-S04 12h00-12h30 Gunawardena, A. How to attract more students to the field of botany?

Ecology Contributed Papers 10h30-12h30 B106 Biodiversity Centre EC-CP05 10h30-10h45 *Mathewes, R.W., Huntley, M.J.W., Clague J.J. and Lian, O.B. Pollen, spores and paleoecology of a probable Early Wisconsinan tundra environment on Haida Gwaii EC-CP06 10h45-11h00 *Polcz, C., and Waterway, M. Effects of forest fragmentation on Carex leptonervia communities EC-CP07 11h00-11h15 Garbary, D., *Gitto, S., Coles, J., Halat, L. and MacNeil, M. The commercial harvest of the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum in Nova Scotia: what is being taken and what is the impact? EC-CP08 11h15-11h30 *Falconer, D. and Cota-Sánchez, J,H. Reproductive biology in the Plains Prickly Pear, Opuntia polyacantha (Cactaceae), in Saskatchewan EC-CP09 11h30-11h45 *Godfrey, R.M. and Johnson, M.T.J. The effects of losing sex on quantitative trait variation in Evening Primroses (Oenothera) EC-CP10 11h45-12h00 Woosaree, J. and *Otfinowski, R. Importance of species diversity in wellsite reclamation in east-central Alberta EC-CP11 12h00-12h15 *Higelin, M., Fenton, N. and Bergeron, Y. Bryophyte functional traits in black spruce forests of Western Quebec EC-CP12 12h15-12h30 *Evans, R.C., Newell, R. and White, S. Challenges to reproduction in Helianthemum canadense (L.) Michx. DETAILED SCHEDULE / HORAIRE DÉTAILLÉ

18 Wednesday, June 18th / Mercredi 18 juin

Lunch 12h30-14h Chapiteau Teaching Section Meeting: B104 Biodiversity Centre { Systematics & Phytogeography Section Meeting: B106 Biodiversity Centre Canadensys Meeting (all welcome) 13h30-14h30 B106 Biodiversity Centre Awards Judge Meeting 14h-14h30 B114 Biodiversity Centre Annual General Meeting 14h30-16h30 B104 Biodiversity Centre Incoming Executive Meeting 16h30-17h30 B104 Biodiversity Centre Banquet 18h-21h Chapiteau Posters by section / Affiches par section { 50 YEARS OF BOTANY IN CANADA / 50 ans de botanique au canada

ecology 19

EC-P01 *Arsenault, A. and Hussey, V. Population structure of the boreal felt lichen in a ribbed moraine landscape of Eastern Newfoundland EC-P02 *Barbé, M., Chavel, E.E., Fenton, N.J., Imbeau, L., Bryophyte dispersal by small-mammals: from assumption to Mazerolle, M., Drapeau, P. and Bergeron, Y. certitude EC-P03 *Brautigan, V. and Piercey-Normore, M.D. Lichen and bryophyte communities on coarse woody debris in the Manitoban boreal forest EC-P04 *Castonguay, J., Fenton, N. and Bergeron, Y. Dynamic bryophyte communities in the spruce moss Boreal forest: Role of residual patches after fire compared with retention after logging. EC-P05 *Crispo, M. et Bergeron, Y. Influence du climat et du régime de feux sur la végétation des sous-bois de peuplements de peupliers faux-trembles (Populus tremuloides Michx.) en forêt boréale au Canada EC-P06 *Deduke, C. and Piercey-Normore, M.D Substrate preference of two Shield lichens: an experimental approach EC-P07 *Elshobary, M.E. , Osman, M.E., Abushady A.M., Effect of algal sugars on growth and polyketide synthesis of the Komatsu E., Perreault H. and Piercey-Normore, M.D. lichen-forming fungus, Cladonia rangiferina EC-P08 *Fan, D. and Smith, D.L. Identification of new rhizobacteria and plant growth enhancers EC-P09 *Gimma, K.L. and Burgess M. B. Establishing a learning landscape to counteract plant blindness EC-P10 *Higelin, M., Fenton, N. and Bergeron, Y. Influence of the forest composition on the functional traits of the understory in boreal mixed-wood forests EC-P11 Helmer, E. and *Mathewes, R. High-resolution reconstruction of early postglacial vegetation in southern Haida Gwaii EC-P12 *Moussaoui, L., Fenton, N.J., Leduc, A. and Characterization of residual islands post-fire in the black spruce Bergeron, Y. forests of north-western Quebec EC-P13 *Pacé, M., Fenton, N., Bergeron, Y. and Paré, D. Boreal forest: effects of canopy opening on the relationship between trees and the cryptogam layer EC-P14 *Qaderi, M.M. and Reid, D.M. Aerobic methane emissions from plant reproductive parts: A preliminary study EC-P15 *Weiner, C.A., Emery, R.J.N. and Guinel, F.C. Cytokinin, abscisic acid, and root symbioses in the pea mutant E151 EC-P16 *Zraik, M., Booth, T., and Piercey-Normore, M.D. Chemical ecology and phenotype in arid species of Cladonia

Mycology

M-P01 *Stefani F.O.P., Megarbané L., Lebeuf R., DNA barcoding of Boletales collections hosted in the Biodiversity Lamoureux, Y. and Archambault, R. Centre Fungarium

Posters by section / Affiches par section

20 Plant Development

PD-P01 *Abdulmajeed, A. and Qaderi, M.M. Understanding the source of methane emissions from plants: A multifaceted approach PD-P02 *Abouelsaad, I., Weihrauch, D. and Renault, S. Nitrogen transporters expression in salt tolerant and salt sensitive tomato plants PD-P03 *Clayson, C., García-Ruiz, I., and Costea, M. Water loss through specialized structures in Cuscuta (dodders, Convolvulaceae) drives the water uptake by the host PD-P04 Mack, J.-L. K., and *Davis, A. R. Development, structure and function of the floral nectary spur of Centranthus ruber (Valerianaceae) PD-P05 Stephens, D.T., and *Davis, A.R. Structure and function of floral nectaries and poricidal anthers of the buzz-pollinated species, Vaccinium myrtilloides and V. vitisidaea (Ericaceae) PD-P06 *Sigurdson, D., Northmore, J.A., Schoor, S., and Optimizing an efficient regeneration protocol for TDZ-derived Chuong, S.D.X. shoots of Bienertia sinuspersici, a single-cell C4 terrestrial plant PD-P07 Singh, S.N., Mehroke, J. and *Singh, S. Hormonal regulation of growth, chlorophyll and protein levels and the net photosynthesis rate in green bean plants PD-P08 Cheng, M., Mehroke, J and *Singh, S. Development of a new research project on hormone physiology in relation to apical dominance for biology undergraduate research students

Systematics & Phytogeography

SP-P01 *Bilto, I. and Hausner, G. Variability of the mtDNA rns gene due to absence and presence of introns in members of the Ophiostoma piliferum species complex SP-P02 *Catling, P.M., Mitrow, G. and Ward, A. Database Update - European Common Reed: Past, future, and identity SP-P03 *Catling, P.M. and Ward, A. Reed Canarygrass taxa in Canada SP-P04 Mitrow, G., *Catling, P.M., Cayouette, J., Macklin, J.A., Preventing humidity and direct water damage in a dried plant Smith, T. and Ward, A. collection (DAO) SP-P05 Manjunatha, B.L., *Dayanandan, S., Storms, R., In-silico analysis of cis-acting regulatory regions of candidate Ravikanth, G. and Shaanker, U.R. genes involved in the Camptothecin biosynthetic in N. nimmoniana (Icacinaceae) SP-P06 *Gillespie, L.J., Saarela, J.M., Sokoloff, P.C. The Arctic Flora of Canada and Alaska project SP-P07 Wheeler, E.J. The Vascular Flora of British Columbia project

Teaching

T-P01 Laliberté, S. Strengthening and evaluating scientific integration, mastery of biological concepts and communication skills using simulation of a professional situation T-P02 *Otfinowski, R. and Silva-Opps, M. Writing towards a scientific identity: moving from prescriptive to reflective writing in undergraduate biology T-P03 * Sokoloff, P.C. and Bull, R.D. In situ Arctic Botany Education: methods for teaching plant taxonomy on Arctic Youth expeditions

Symposium Abstracts / Résumés des symposiums

General Symposium { Botany in Canada: past, present and future

*TAYLOR, I. and *TAYLOR, S. CBA-S01 21 University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC CBA/ABC – Goals and achievements in its first 50 years The Canadian Botanical Association (CBA/ABC) began in June 1963 as a suggestion from Section III, Plant Biology Subject Division of the Royal Society of Canada that recommended the formation of a Canadian botanical society yo promote and represent the interests of Canadian botany. An interim Organising Committee was established, and met for the first time in February 1964. The founding meeting of the new Association was in June 1964. We will detail the history and development of the Association from that first suggestion to the current day, and pose 4 questions. What were the goals? What has the Association achieved? Where do we see the Association going in the future? Is the Association still relevant?

*LACROIX, C.1, BARABÉ, D.2 and SAWHNEY, V.3 CBA-S02 1. University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3; 2. Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2; 3. University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2 Canadian Contributions to Plant Structure and Development A historical survey covering approximately the past 50 years of research in the area of structure and development was conducted to highlight the contributions of Canadian plant biologists. In many instances, the development of the discipline is closely tied to the presence and development of plant collections at botanical gardens in North America, plants of local interest and some model systems. We begin by looking at past advances in other international settings and their influence on the development of Canadian schools of thought and research. Examples of Canadian contributions are illustrated by plant organ category that encompass the flower and other reproductive organs, the leaf, the shoot and stem, as well as roots. Other areas of research focus on the seed, embryology, phyllotaxis, plant architecture, modeling of growth, and genetic control of development. Although this is not a comprehensive listing of all researchers in the discipline, this presentation underlines the impact of the research on the global scale and the significance of the contributions to the development of plant structure and development in Canada and beyond. The foundation set by these studies is paving the path for future studies using novel approaches that will further distinguish our Canadian colleagues.

*FORD, B.A.1, *MACKLIN, J.A.2 and SAARELA, J.M.3 CBA-S03 1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba; 2. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre; 3. Botany Section, Canadian Museum of Nature.Canadian Contributions to Plant Structure and Development 50 years of floristic research in Canada: looking to the past to shape the future Since the founding of the CBA 50 years ago, Canadian botanists have produced numerous critically acclaimed floras. We will highlight some of these accomplishments along with Canada’s early adoption of computer-based technologies and DNA barcoding. We will demonstrate that although we are far from having a comprehensive understanding of Canada’s flora, these past ventures have been a catalyst for ongoing botanical discoveries. However, our recent advancements in floristic knowledge have underscored two fundamental problems with the way floras are produced: 1) they are slow to create and update; and 2) they are difficult to link to ancillary data. We showcase two recent undertak- ings that strive to address these challenges. The Arctic Flora of Canada and Alaska uses a web-based content management system, Scratch- pads, and a specimen-based approach to aggregate information associated with each taxon (e.g., GenBank, BOLD, photographs, data matrices, etc.) into a single synthesis. A proposed update to the Flora of Canada will use the Flora of North America as a foundation, and a prototype botanical knowledge portal to harvest legacy and born-digital publications. Plant terms will be mapped to relevant ontologies, rematricized, and mined to allow powerful, ontology-driven searching and derivative visualizations including multi-access keys. These new initiatives represent living documents that can be easily updated and published on-line as treatments are generated. At their core, floras should continue to consist of keys, taxon descriptions, and distributional information. However, they also have the potential for becoming the focal point for organizing a broad array of knowledge about biodiversity. Symposium Abstracts / Résumés des symposiums

General Symposium Botany in Canada: past, present and future

22 *BRODO, I.M.1, CLAYDEN, S.2 and GOWARD, T.3 CBA-S04 1. Canadian Museum of nature; 2. New Brunswick Museum; 3. University of British Colombia. Exploration of Canada’s lichen biota: A history The earliest collections of Canada’s lichens were made by aboriginal peoples, who experimented with the use of lichens as food and medicine. Systematic collecting began as an adjunct to the early exploration of the country by Europeans, especially in the far north. Being conspicuous and abundant in arctic and boreal regions, lichens are well-represented among the collections brought back to Europe starting in the early 19th century. Settlers in the maritime areas of the east and then the west coasts subsequently became interested in the natural vegetation of these regions, including their lichens. With the building of the transcontinental railway, our knowledge of the lichens of the Great Lakes region, the prairies and the Rocky Mountains expanded rapidly, owing to botanists such as John Macoun. Nevertheless, lichen studies were largely sporadic and superficial until well into the 20th century, when specialists finally turned to the Canadian lichen biota as a subject worthy of intense and careful study in its own right. In this talk, the people involved in the early and later floristic studies will be introduced, and an assessment of recent lichenological activity will be made.

DALPÉ, Y. CBA-S05 Eastern Cereals and Oilseeds Research Centre, Science and Technology Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Ottawa Canada Mycology in Canada: A multifaceted science Mycology, this branch of biology dedicated to the study of fungi encompasses a diversity of biological disciplines due to the multiple functional- ities and the wide environmental distribution of these organisms. From bracket fungi, use by First Nations as tinder and as medicine to genome sequencing, biocontrol and myco-fertilizers products development, studies in mycology have, through time, reflected the country geography, its environmental richness, biodiversity and its own social, economic and human history. Pioneer Canadian mycologists were mainly working as plant pathologists, specialized in crop and forest fungal diseases, as taxonomists to the establishment and development of reference collections and herbarium, as geneticists and physiologists dedicated to both fundamental and applied sciences. Since the mid-19th century, they have constantly adopted, adapted and developed novel tools and techniques to perform their studies, thus remaining at the forefront of international science and knowledge in their fields of research. As a result, several of these workers gained worldwide recognition. This general overview of Canadian mycology and mycologists aims to outline the contribution of Canada in the advancement of mycology and the impact Canadian mycologists from numerous related disciplines had, have and should continue to have on fundamental aspects and practical applications derived from their studies.

*LECHOWICZ, M.J.1, JOHNSON, E.A.2, and LOUCKS, O.L.3 CBA-S06 1.Department of Biology, McGill University; 2.Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary; 3 Emeritus Professor of Zoology, Miami University of Ohio A brief history of plant community ecology in Canada The roots of plant community ecology in Canada trace back to the earliest records of floristic exploration, but the study of plant communities per se really only took hold in the mid-20th century through early work by Dammon, Dansereau, Grandtner, Halliday, Heimburger, Hills, Krajina, Loucks, Mueller-Dombois, Roland, Rowe and others working on classification of vegetation, especially forest types. The IXth International Bo- tanical Congress held in Montreal in 1959 marks a turning point in the study of plant communities worldwide as dominant, prewar European perspectives were juxtaposed with alternative views shaped by work in North America. Through the latter half of the 20th century the analysis of species distribution and abundance on environmental gradients gradually became the central theme of plant community ecology, although the traditional European approach to phytosociology remained strong in British Columbia and Quebec for some time. During the 1970-80s Orloci and Pielou developed many of the mathematical and statistical methods used in modern plant community ecology, a contribution ex- tended to the present day by Pierre Legendre and his students. These methods have found application by plant ecologists throughout Canada and the world, playing a critical role in the analysis, management and conservation of plant communities. In the 21st century, the work of Keddy and the statistical methods of Shipley have influenced contemporary studies of trait-based processes of community assembly. Symposium Abstracts / Résumés des symposiums

General Symposium Botany in Canada: past, present and future

*FREGO, K.A.1, *FENTON, N.J.2, BELLAND, R.J.3, and DOUBT, J.4 CBA-S07 23 1. Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John; 2. Institute of Forest Research, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda; 3. Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton; 4. Museum of Nature, Ottawa. Bryology in Canada: Small but expanding The study of bryophytes in Canada is similar to their life cycle: beginning in the late 1800s, a few tiny “spores” of exploration and documentation by natural historians (e.g. Macoun’s catalogue of mosses), expanded to include a “protonemal” network of researchers and institutions. It matured as “gametophore” centres of activity -- with “sporophyte production” in some areas that have dispersed to contribute nationally and internationally. We attempt to document this expansion through the people, institutions and geographical centres, tracking the trends in research areas and publications. We also summarize the major contributions in each area, and suggest future perspectives in each.

*GRAHAM, S.W.1, BROUILLET, L.2 and BRUNEAU, A.2 CBA-S08 1. University of British Colombia; 2. Université de Montréal The past, present and future of plant systematics research in Canada We review the history of plant systematics research in Canada, broadly construed. We focus on how research programs have diversified and advanced following the advent of numerical and molecular methods, and document the current status of training efforts in systematics labs across Canada. We also provide an overview of the long-term prospects for the field, considering both classical and genomic approaches, and current funding trends. We summarize ongoing research at University and government institutions, and describe links to collections-based data in herbaria and accessible digitized forums. We also attempt to place current Canadian systematic research in the context of an impending global biodiversity crisis.

*CUERRIER, A.1, TURNER, N.2, LEPOFSKY, D.3 and BOWYER, V.4 CBA-S09 1. Jardin botanique de Montréal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal; 2. School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria; 3. Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University; 4. Department of Anthropology, Centre for Social Sciences, Athabasca University. Plants for people and people for plants: History of ethnobotany in Canada Ethnobotany was formalised in 1895 by American archaeologist John Harshberger, but has always been practised by Indigenous and local peoples as a cross-cultural and intergenerational exchange of botanical knowledge. In Canada, ethnobotany as a discipline started in the XIXe century. Paleoethnobotany, however, did not really begin until the 1970’s, more out of influences from North American archaeology than from working with ethnobotanists or local First Nations. More recent ethnobotanical work based on detailed interviews combined with more complete botanical knowledge and archaeological investigations has lead to a fuller understanding of how Canadian First Nations, Inuit, and Métis interacted with their plant world. Today, ethnobotany in Canada encompasses and is applied to current issues such as the effects of climate change, cultural/language erosion, landscape perception, resource management, and land rights. Researchers incorporate methods from the fields of palaeo and neoecology, statistics, linguistics, molecular biology, genetics, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. True collaboration with local communities is now the norm, although collaborations among paleoethnobotanists and ethnobotanists are still somewhat limited. Indig- enous people themselves are conducting a greater number of ethnobotanical studies. Even though it has expanded its horizons, ethnobotany and paleoethnobotany in Canada is still practised by few people. This is changing through the work of people like G. Crawford and M. Deal, J.T. Arnason, F. Berkes, T. Johns, and N. Turner and their students. More collaborations that cross disciplinary and community boundaries will result in a greater understanding of Canadian indigenous plant knowledge. Symposium Abstracts / Résumés des symposiums

Ecology Symposium importance of long term research in ecology

24 ROCHEFORT, L. EC-S01 Département de phytologie et Centre d’Études Nordiques, Université Laval Long-term research in peatland ecology : A necessity to uncover patterns in these resilient and stable ecosystems Early on in my botanical training I was acquainted to long term studies, first as a research assistant in northern Québec on the dynamic palsa in a peatland, second during my graduate training at Experimental Lake Area, Ontario studying the impact of acid rain in peatlands. This learning to assemble researchers of different expertise to work together on problems that can only be solved by long-term monitoring of whole- ecosystem experiment is now being transferred to several research stations I have established within my current research programme: 1) Bog restoration whole-ecosystem experiment 1999 (BDB, Qc), 2) Sphagnum culture experimental farm 2004 (Shippagan, NB), 3) Cloudberry experimental farm 2005 (Baie-Comeau, Qc) and lastly 4) Fen restoration whole-ecosystem experiment (Bic, Qc). To be able to maintain such field research stations or experimental farms, one needs a solid continuous source of funding. I am fortunate to have industrial partners that believes in long-term research and which still permits me to monitor over 60 restored peatland projects across Canada since 1995 or another database composed of several orphan sites that were left to spontaneously regenerate. Patterns of revegetation and success drivers revealed from the long-term monitoring of restoration projects will be presented. But what will happen to the different research stations that have emerged in past 20 – 30 years (ELA, Mer Bleue, BDB) once the leaders retired? Maybe a Canadian committee of ecologists should be formed to assess proposal of the merits of maintaining such research sites for future integrated investigations, and evidently a national source of funding to apply to on a cycle basis.

LECHOWICZ, M.J. EC-S02 Department of Biology, McGill University Gault Nature Reserve: the value of university commitment to a protected area McGill University acquired the Gault Nature Reserve in 1958 through a bequest specifying that the property be “…preserved for all time to come”. The reserve, which is the core of the Mont St-Hilaire Biosphere Reserve, has exceptional cultural and scientific value. Artists and scientists have been drawn to this iconic Monteregian Hill since the 19th century. The young Marie-Victorin botanized there, writing in 1913: “Quel éblouissement! La montagne entière, la féerie des verts harmonisés des érables, des hêtres, des chênes et des bouleaux, et, au fond de la coupe, de l’écrin plutôt, l’opale mal taillée du lac Hertel.” Over the years there have been more than 700 peer-reviewed publications and 150 graduate theses based on research in and around the reserve. Most studies have been done in the usual 2-5 year time frame associated with grant cycles and thesis programs, but perhaps the greatest value of the reserve as an academic and scientific resource is the cumulative record of these studies at a single site. Permanent study plots in the reserve provided both a benchmark against which the immediate impact of the 1998 ice storm on the old-growth forests of Mont St-Hilaire could be gauged and a secure framework for diverse studies of forest recovery from this major disturbance. I review research related to the 1998 ice storm as an illustration of the academic and scientific value of long-term research sites. Symposium Abstracts / Résumés des symposiums

Ecology Symposium importance of long term research in ecology

*ARSENAULT, A.1,3, KLENNER, W.2, and VYSE, A.3 EC-S03 25 1. Canadian Forest Service, Corner Brook, NL, 2. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Kamloops BC, 3.Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC. Twenty years of long term ecological research in dry forests of southern British Columbia: Challenges, opportunities, and successes. The dry forests of southern British Columbia play an important role in First Nations culture, provide many of the commodities that society has relied on since the arrival of European settlers in the mid-1850’s, and sustain diverse and often rare flora and fauna. Management of these forests is complex, balancing conflicting objectives for timber, livestock forage, forest fuels, recreation opportunities and habitat for a wide range of flora and fauna. We describe three categories of long-term ecological research (retrospective, large scale silviculture experiments, and natural experiments) that are being applied in the southern Interior of British Columbia to better understand the ecology of dry forests and provide management options for these ecosystems. The Opax Mt. experiment was initiated in 1993 to evaluate alternatives to conventional partial-cutting and address concerns about wildlife habitat, regeneration and the effects of western spruce budworm. The experimental design includes different patterns and intensity of harvesting, and is complemented with retrospective studies on disturbance history and stands dynamics, and with natural experiments created by extensive wildfires, and mountain pine beetle outbreaks. We present results from these projects to illustrate the challenges and benefits associated with long-term studies. We conclude that five key factors contribute to success: (i) a robust treatment design addressing ecological and applied issues, (ii) identifying opportunities where linked experiments allow for project evolution, (iii) clear linkage to operational practices and regulations, (iv) a multi-faceted extension program, and (v) a project “champion” to maintain infrastructure and ensure the project remains viable.

*TURKINGTON, R.1 and McLAREN, J.R.1,2 EC-S04 1. Botany Department, and Biodiversity Research Centre; 2. Now at Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso Herbaceous community structure and function in the Kluane region, Yukon Numerous examples of the central role that long-term studies play in ecology now exist. Almost every system is undergoing long-term change and these changes can only be studied by long-term experiments. Such long-term sites can monitor and lead to understanding of slow events and also of the infrequent events that are often important shapers of ecosystems. Long-term ecological research is particularly valuable for understanding disturbance dynamics over long time periods. We illustrate these concepts using two long-term projects on the herbaceous vegetation in the Kluane region, Yukon. The first investigated fertilizer addition and mammalian herbivore exclosure in boreal forest understory vegetation over a 20-year period and showed that nutrient availability, and not herbivory, controlled herbaceous biomass. While fertilization increased the amount and nutrient content of vegetation, 13 species were lost; natural levels of mammalian herbivory rarely affected this vegetation or its diversity. The second study investigated how removing plant functional groups from a grassland influences its functioning. Over a seven-year period, we determined that functional group identity was important in determining ecosystem properties and that grami- noids were more influential than expected from their proportional biomass. In both of these studies, short-term responses were transient and not indicative of longer-term responses of these communities. This finding reinforces the need for long-term experiments, especially in northern ecosystems. The long-term plots from both projects will continue to be valuable, and they may detect shifts in the plant community due to climate change or unique events in the area. Symposium Abstracts / Résumés des symposiums

Plant Development Symposium Panorama: Plant Development in Canada

26 YEUNG, E.C. PD-S01 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 In vitro organogenesis and shoot apical meristem formation The study of plant developmental biology, especially plant morphogenesis was strongly influenced by Professor Claude Wardlaw from Man- chester, England and Professor Ralph Wetmore from Harvard, U.S.A. Together, they were regarded as the fathers of modern-day plant morphogenesis, using experimental approaches to investigate different aspects of plant development. They encouraged the use of a variety of methods and thought in combined terms of structure, physiology, and biochemistry in the tackling of problems. This is an excellent approach to study developmental processes in plant. For my doctoral thesis, I used an experimental approach to study the structure and function of embryo suspensor development in scarlet runner beans. In subsequent years, we continued to focus on problems related to shoot apical meristem (SAM) development using various somatic embryo systems. We noted that abscisic acid (ABA) improves the conversion frequency of somatic embryos and exogenous application of ABA aids in the development and maintenance of the SAM. Recently, in order to understand the mode of action of ABA on SAM development, we are currently focusing on the in vitro process of shoot development using Arabidopsis embryos and root tips as the experimental systems. The rich genetic resources and known sequences of Arabidopsis make it possible to study the molecular genetics and biology of ABA action. One of the key steps involving ABA is the up-regulation of a shoot meristem gene, WUSCHEL. This results in the generation of organogenic calluses leading to meristemoid and apical meristem formation.

OUELLET, F. PD-S02 Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal Environmental and molecular determinants of shoot branching Plant architecture is highly dependent on the pattern of shoot branching, which determines the elongation of lateral buds. From an agronomical perspective, the degree of branching is important because it affects the biomass and number of flowers (hence seeds), and in cultivated species it ultimately affects crop yield. Branching is a complex developmental event controlled by environmental factors (e.g. temperature, photoperiod) and growth regulators (e.g. auxins, strigolactones, cytokinins). We hypothesize that environmental conditions influence branching because they affect the levels of the different hormones and/or the associated responses. My research program aims to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms by which temperature influences the auxin and strigolactones-dependent signal transduction pathways that regulate shoot branching in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Strigolactones, the most recently discovered growth regulators, are carotenoid-derived molecules that inhibit bud outgrowth. Our work aims to uncover new molecular players (e.g. regulators of gene expression, protein interactors), which will likely open up new research avenues for years to come. The knowledge gained from a fundamental research program that links environmental conditions to agronomical traits such as branching will allow for the development of new tools and strategies to select crops with desirable architecture and higher biomass and/or grain yields. This is particularly important given the major impact that climate change is expected to have on crop productivity in the next decades.

KHAN, M., TABB, P., DEVI, B., CHISANGA, B. and *HEPWORTH, S.R. PD-S03 Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6. Regulation of inflorescence architecture: lessons from a model plant The diversification of flowering plants has led to a striking variety of inflorescence architectures that in nature serve to optimize the display of flowers for reproductive success. Crops domesticated by humans through selective breeding are characterized by genetic changes, mostly unknown, that alter flowering time and inflorescence architecture to enhance yield. As crop genomes are sequenced, a priority is to identify genes that control agronomic traits of interest and understand how they work. BLADE-ON-PETIOLE (BOP) genes encode an ancient and con- served subclade of BTB-ankyrin transcriptional co-activators in plants. These genes were recently cloned from barley and shown to encode important regulators of lateral branching (tillering) and spike density in inflorescences. Our characterization of BOPs in a model plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana, offers detailed insight into how these genes regulate inflorescence architecture, providing a valuable framework for molecular-based breeding efforts in cereals. Symposium Abstracts / Résumés des symposiums

Mycology Section Symposium Fungi and food – the benefits, threats and commerce

PERCIVAL, S.S. M-S01 27 Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida Mechanisms linking mushrooms and health Many years ago, mushrooms were nutritionally known for what they didn’t have: no calories and no fat. Today we know that there are many beneficial compounds in mushrooms that provide health benefits to humans. In 2012, we did a consumer survey with 500 individuals about their mushroom knowledge and attitudes. Over 60% of the population was not aware of any specific health benefits of mushrooms. Mush- rooms were very low on the list of foods that they believed support immunity. While the scientific literature has many studies that indicate mushrooms modify immunity, this knowledge has not yet reach a majority of consumers. We also performed a nutrition intervention study using shiitake (Lentinula edodes) mushrooms. 52 participants were randomized to one or two servings of dried shiitake mushrooms. After 4 weeks of mushroom consumption, significant changes to immune function were observed. The cells of the immune system that we tested were more effective after eating mushrooms compared to before while other biomarkers indicated that there was less inflammation. Less inflammation but yet more robust function is a beneficial scenario for the host. Funded by US Mushroom Council; Australian Mushroom Grow- ers Assn.

*LIMAY-RIOS, V., SMITH, J.L. and SCHAAFSMA, A.W. M-S02 University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus. Occurrence and risk management of mycotoxins in wheat and maize fields; harvest and storage Wheat (Triticum spp.) and maize (Zea mays) are the two most important staple crops worldwide in terms of cultivated area and production. The expanded cultivation of these crops from their centre of origin into a wide range of environmental conditions has resulted in several agronomic challenges including fungal diseases, many of which compromise grain quality and yield. Several fungal species accumulate a wide range of toxins in field grains and during harvesting, storage and processing operations. In Canada, Fusarium toxins [deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone and fumonisins] and Penicillium toxins [ochratoxin A (OTA)] are the most important in terms of exposure to humans and domestic animals and they are often found in maize and wheat grain and their derived products. These toxins affect growth rates of livestock and can suppress immune systems thus predisposing animals to other diseases. OTA is of special concern as it has been classified as a possible human carcinogen. An increasing frequency of severe weather events can affect mycotoxin contamination levels. For example, in Ontario in the 2011 cropping season, high rainfall during the silking to grain filling period in maize resulted in mean DON levels in harvested grain higher than the maximum tolerable level for swine diets. Conversely, the following year drought conditions in parts of the province revealed historically high levels of total fumonisins. Insect feeding injury may also contribute to development of fungal diseases in grain by providing supplemental entry points for infection. In Canada, the complex of insect pests that attack maize ears has been changing, for example, a recent range expansion into Canada has occurred by the Western bean cutworm (Striacosta albicosta Smith), a serious ear-feeding pest that is not well controlled by current Bt-maize events. An update of the different preventive measures to mitigate the accumulation of these toxins during production and storage will be discussed.

CLOUTIER, V. M-S03 Université Laval Animal mycophagy Throughout evolution animals have found ways of using mushrooms for food and in turn many fungal species evolved to use especially small animals to disperse their spores. Thus, the study of animal and fungal relationships is likely to have an obvious effect on the understanding of forest ecology to retain healthy ecosystems. If animal and plant interactions have been well documented, animal mycophagy is poorly understood especially in Eastern North America. To investigate these issues, we are seeking to evaluate the biodiversity of hypogeous fungi dispersed by animals and found indirectly in their dung pellets. About six hundreds animal’s samples, composed essentially of voles and flying squirrels, were analyzed using high throughput sequencing (454). Unpublished results will be divulged during the presentation. Mycophagie animale Tout au long de l’évolution, les animaux ont utilisé les champignons pour se nourrir et, à leur tour, plusieurs espèces fongiques ont évolué pour profiter des animaux, particulièrement des micromammifères, pour disperser leurs spores. Ainsi, l’étude des relations animales et fongiques est susceptible d’améliorer notre compréhension de l’écologie forestière et de faciliter les décisions vouées au maintien d’écosystèmes sains. Si les interactions animales et végétales ont été bien documentées, la mycophagie animale, elle, est mal comprise en particulier dans l’est de l’Amérique du Nord.Pour étudier ces questions, nous tentons d’évaluer la biodiversité des champignons hypogés dispersés par les animaux dont les spores sont retrouvées dans leurs excréments. Environ six cent échantillons ont été analysés, composés essentiellement de cam- pagnols et d’écureuils volants, ceux-ci ont été analysés par séquençage à haut débit (454). Nos résultats non publiés seront dévoilés lors de cette présentation. Symposium Abstracts / Résumés des symposiums

Mycology Section Symposium Fungi and food – the benefits, threats and commerce

28 GÉVRY, M.-F. M-S04 Faculté de Foresterie, de Géographie et de Géomatique, Université Laval, Québec. Link between research and development of mycological resources in Quebec The harvest of edible forest mushrooms (EFM) is experiencing a real boom in Quebec. This enthusiasm, however, is constrained by the limits of current knowledge about this resource. Although the factors determining the distribution of several commercial species of EFM are now more understood in some regions of Quebec, studies quantifying precisely the productivity of forests stands and EFM species phenology remain fragmentary. Consequently, the real economic potential of the sector EFM is not known and predictive models of emergence of fruiting are missing. This avoids the integration of EFM in forest planning and optimization of harvest in natural environment. We will explore avenues of research that should contribute to a structured development of the EFM sector in the context of current forest policy in Quebec. In particular, we will discuss: 1) the opportunities of use of spatiotemporal data available for assessing the economic potential generated by the development of EFM of high commercial value, 2) projects of “mycosylviculture”, 3) the establishment of permanent plots for monitoring fruiting of EFM, and 4) the value chain approach to optimize socio -economic benefits of the development of the resource. Ultimately, the contribution of research should allow forest managers to integrate the EFM resource in strategic and tactical forest planning at national or regional scale, to target business opportunities and guide the social and regional development of the EFM sector in Quebec.

*BERCH, S.M.1 and BONITO, G.2 M-S05 1. British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Victoria, British Columbia; 2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, Australia Cultivation of Mediterranean species of Tuber (Tuberaceae) in British Columbia, Canada Based on an assessment of soil and climatic conditions in British Columbia (BC), the Truffle Association of British Columbia (TABC) determined that the cultivation of Mediterranean Tuber melanosporum and Tuber aestivum might be possible in the warmer parts of the province. With the cooperation of independent truffle growers, TABC assessed the colonization of host tree roots collected from eight truffle orchards planted 2–7 years earlier using morphological and molecular criteria. Both Tuber species persisted on the roots of inoculated trees in six of the eight truffle orchards studied. The identity of Tuber ectomycorrhizas that had been characterized morphologically as differing from those of T. melanosporum and T. aestivum were determined using DNA sequence analysis to belong to three species of truffles native to the Pacific Northwest. One of those species, Tuber anniae, had been previously reported from BC, but the other two, Tuber menseri nom. prov. and Tuber beyerlei, are reported from BC for the first time. Recently, production of Périgord black truffles in one truffle orchard in Abbotsford and one truffle orchard near Nanaimo and of one Burgundy truffle in a separate truffle orchard at the same farm near Nanaimo demonstrates that these truffles are able to fruit in BC. Symposium Abstracts / Résumés des symposiums

Systematics & Phytogeography Symposium Towards an eFlora of Canada Workshop

BROUILLET, L. WORKSHOP 29 Herbier Marie-Victorin, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal Towards an eFlora of Canada The last 50 years have seen the publication of several continental floras or continental checklists, notably the Flora of North America project, many now also in an electronic format. There is also a push toward the completion of a world list of plant names. Numerous tools have become available online to deal with names (e.g. IPNI) or to develop interactive keys, etc. In Canada, the Canadensys network is providing a new way to access herbarium data, in conjunction with GBIF, as well as a list of Canadian vascular plants (VASCAN). At the same time, regional flora projects or checklists are being developed that will cover a significant proportion of the Canadian flora. Finally, a wealth of photographs on the Canadian flora are published online daily. Is it possible to integrate all these efforts, without jeopardizing the regional flavor and the independance of editorial teams, to incrementally create an eFlora of Canada, without erecting too much of a centralized structure while adopting common standards? In a first part with presentations, the workshop will examine the perspectives and challenges of such a non-centralized, collaborative project, address the technological issues of creating a botanical knowledge portal, and look at two electronically-based regional floras currently in progress, the Arctic Flora and Vascular Flora of BC projects. In a second part, participants will discuss the pertinence and feasibility of an eFlora of Canada, the tools required, the standards to be adopted and possible modes of operation.

BROUILLET, L. F-S01 Herbier Marie-Victorin, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal Towards an eFlora of Canada: perspectives and challenges Continued progress toward completion of the FNA is providing a firm foundation towards understanding the flora of Canada, as well a wealth of descriptive information. It has shown the value of parallel descriptions and, indirectly, that of controlled vocabularies. Meanwhile, databases have been developed specific to Canada: VASCAN and, particularly, Canadensys, which allows access to plant specimen data from all of Canada. Thanks to GBIF and other data integrators, new IT tools are developed to better standardize and integrate data. Systematists have been busy providing us with better phylogenies and classifications, and often with better species delimitations in some groups.Numerous photographs of Canadian plants are published daily on the web and Citizen science initiatives abound, often with web publication. Finally, as will be shown in talks presented in this symposium, several electronic flora projects are in progress in Canada. Is it possible to integrate all these efforts, without jeopardizing the regional flavor and the independance of editorial teams, to incrementally create an eFlora of Canada, without erecting too much of a centralized structure while adopting common standards? Let us take advantage of the work carried out in regional floras to generate an electronic country flora. This would require a minimum standard for descriptions on the part of all projects, as well as acceptance that treatments prepared for one flora could be used by others, raising the issues of authorship recognition and microediting. Integrating Citizen science or ecology into the effort may prove both challenging and rewarding. Management would be minimal but issues would still be significant. Such an integrative and incremental approach to writing a national flora would place Canada in the new current of big data, integrative science.

*MACKLIN, J.A.1 , COLE, H.1 , CUI, H.2, and SACHS, J.1 F-S02 1. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre; 2. School of Information Resources and Library Science, University of Arizona. Prototyping a botanical knowledge portal Canada has not published a national Flora since 1979 and, since this time, there have been considerable changes in diversity both from loss due to habitat destruction, and additions from alien and often invasive introductions. This illustrates a general problem in Flora publication, they are often out of date long before they are officially revised. We are building a botanical knowledge portal that seeks to address this problem, and, at the same time, provide character-based querying over treatment content. Our base content is generated from a fine-grained semantic parse of Flora of North America treatments, expressing the resulting structured knowledge as Extensible Markup Language: XML. We then convert the XML to Resource Description Framework or RDF and use the semantic extensions to MediaWiki (Semantic MediaWiki and WikiData) for storage. Floras are dynamic by nature and this platform will enable both updating and correction of mistakes, as well as integration of information from other sources, including specimens and observations, annotations, checklists, images and illustrations, maps, genetic resources, and other literature sources. To enable this, we have produced extension ontologies focussing on FNA terms, in order to broker semantic comparison across treatments, and, through links to other ontologies, foster integration with other resources. When linked to relevant glossaries/ontologies these term building blocks and their attributes can be used to create revised/updated descriptions, as markup for regions-of-interest on images, components of an interactive key created on-the-fly based on characteristics relevant to identifying species, etc. We will highlight our progress on this botanical knowledge portal by briefly describing its components and workflow. Symposium Abstracts / Résumés des symposiums

Systematics & Phytogeography Symposium Towards an eFlora of Canada Workshop

30 *GILLESPIE, L.J., *SAARELA, J.M. and SOKOLOFF, P.C. F-S03 Botany Section, Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature The Arctic Flora of Canada and Alaska project The Arctic Flora of Canada and Alaska project aims to produce a new flora for all vascular plants in the Arctic ecozone in Canada and northern Alaska. The Arctic Flora research team includes botanists from Canada, Norway, and the United States, led by the project secretariat at the Canadian Museum of Nature. We are using a Scratchpad platform to move the Flora beyond traditional standards, and to produce a treatment that is digital and interactive, taking full advantage of current (and future) web and database technologies. To ensure consistency among nomenclatural treatments and parallelism in diagnostic descriptions, data will be collected exclusively in spreadsheet format. Tracking specimens examined will allow future verification of distributional and descriptive data. The Arctic Flora of Canada and Alaska website (http://arcticplants. myspecies.info) will be updated with content on an ongoing basis. The Flora will eventually serve as the reference for anybody who requires accurate and up-to-date information on Arctic plant species, wants to identify Arctic plants in the field or herbarium, or wants to know more about the amazing plant biodiversity in one of North America’s most climate-threatened ecosystems.

*WHEELER, E.1,2 and FENNEMAN, J.1,3 F-S04 and SP-P07 1. Vascular Flora of British Columbia steering committee; 2. Royal British Columbia Museum; 3. University of British Columbia. Up and running: the Vascular Flora of British Columbia project The Vascular Flora of British Columbia project (VFBC) was initiated in September 2013 and is a collaborative effort led by the University of British Columbia herbarium (UBC) and the Royal British Columbia Museum herbarium (V). The decision was made to publish a new vascular flora in recognition of 1) the large number of taxonomic, floristic and nomenclatural changes since the publication of the Illustrated Flora of BC (IFBC) in 2002, and 2) a critical mass of skilled botanists keen to contribute their time and expertise. The goal of the project is to produce in-depth illustrated treatments and keys to the families, genera, species and infraspecies of native and naturalized vascular plants that occur in the province. Maps delineating the geographic distribution of species and infraspecies will also be published based on georeferenced herbarium specimens. Our goal is to produce both electronic and hard-copy versions of the VFBC to accommodate the needs of a wide range of users. To minimize costly travel and loans between herbaria, we have adopted a ‘two-herbarium’ approach in which a taxon author will base a treatment on specimens in his/her home collection and the treatment will be reviewed, tested and improved using specimens in the other collection. A treatment of Caryophyllaceae is currently underway and will provide measures of the time and effort required per taxon. Based on these metrics, we will develop a timeline and budget for completion of the VFBC project. Symposium Abstracts / Résumés des symposiums

Teaching Section Symposium 50 years of botanical education: Highlights and perspectives from then and now

PETERSON, R. L. . T-S01 31 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph Botany in the curricula of Ontario universities in 2014 Several articles have been written recently decrying the loss of Botany courses in North American universities. Reasons given for this include the emphasis either on molecular biology or evolutionary biology in many departments and the lack of training in classical Botany. Results from a survey of the biology curricula of the nineteen universities in Ontario provide some support for this concern. However, most Ontario universities provide students with the opportunity to gain a background in many aspects of Botany. The number of courses with a significant content of Botany offered by the nineteen universities varies from 1-8, with the lowest numbers mostly in the smaller universities. The subject areas best covered are Plant Physiology (12), Plant Anatomy/Form and Function (10), Plant Taxonomy/Systematics (7), Plants and Society/Ethnobotany (7), and Plant Ecology (7). The subject areas receiving the least emphasis by the universities are Phycology (1), Seedless vascular plants (1), Bryology/Lichenology (2), and Flora of Ontario (3). Although these areas are not covered in detail, six universities offer Diversity courses containing a brief overview of some of these plant groups. Eleven universities offer Field Courses, most with a Botany component. Although Botany courses are available for students in Ontario universities, there remains a problem of enticing students to select upper level courses.

MATHUR, J. T-S02 Laboratory of Plant Development & Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, ON, Canada. N1G2W1. Teaching Botany: Pouring old wine in new skins “ No man also having drunk old wine straightway desireth new: for he saith, the old is better.” —Luke 5: 39. In its simplest definition, botany is that part of human investigation that seeks to understand plants. Like every other branch of biological science, botany has evolved from being a traditional, largely descriptive morphology-anatomy-taxonomy based subject to one where increasing emphasis has been placed on physiological and biochemical investigations for providing mechanistic insights on plant life. The realization, during the second half of the last century, of the commonality of molecular structure, mechanisms and function between diverse organisms has brought botany at an important cross roads. The modern, computer savvy student, is completely awed by protocol based, machine-driven molecular techniques, gets mesmer- ized by images of electrophoretic patterns and DNA sequences and becomes ecstatic while talking about the virtues of nanotechnology. What does traditional botany have to offer to this budding scientist whose actual experiments might be confined to a small eppendorf tube containing a glue like solution? I have coined ‘Fascination before Education’, as the guiding philosophy for my teaching. Plants fascinate me because of their tremendous flexibility and survival ability and therefore I study them. I have become increasingly aware that as the world around them changes, each plant cell accommodates to the changes in myriad subtle ways. Learning from plants has allowed me to make subtle changes in the way I present and share botanical information with my students. I will discuss some of the approaches that have allowed me to combine the teaching of essential botany with a molecular understanding of plants.

SAWHNEY, V.K. T-S03 Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon. SK. S7N 5E2 Teaching botany for fun Teaching botany, especially to uninitiated first year university students and getting them interested in learning about plants, is a big challenge. In my career of some 40 years of teaching, I have loved taking this challenge and to convey to students the importance of plants in our biological world and the exciting things plants do, as exciting as animals, if not more. In this talk, I will provide my approaches to teaching botany to junior and senior level students. The emphasis will be on interesting developmental events in the life of a plant, how plants respond to environmental factors, and how during the course of evolutions plants have developed interesting strategies, especially in the area of plant reproduction. Symposium Abstracts / Résumés des symposiums

Teaching Section Symposium 50 years of botanical education: Highlights and perspectives from then and now

32 GUNAWARDENA, A. T-S04 Biology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2 How to attract more students to the field of botany? Most students enrol in university with limited academic experience with plants and are typically less interested in learning botany compared to animal biology. First and second year undergraduate students do not have much choice in their course selection but they are able to select courses of interest in third and fourth year of university. Their selection is mainly based on their experience in the first and second year courses. Therefore the botany courses that are offered at the introductory level are crucial in attracting interesting to upper year courses. Unfortunately, introductory level botany focuses on fundamental concepts with little emphasis on current research and laboratory activities. We introduce the research aspect of botany in the upper level classes. It has been my experience teaching introductory courses that discussing fundamental concepts of botany while highlighting relevant and exciting research in the field can engage students and inspire them to pursue higher level botany studies. In addition, results from past student evaluation reports and a brief survey showed that not only the subject matter but also a teacher who shows great enthusiasm and passion for teaching and research immensely impacts their decision to continue education in botany or related field. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / { Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

*ABDULMAJEED, A.1 and QADERI, M.M.1,2 PD-P01 33 1. Department of Biology, Dalhousie University; 2. Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University. Understanding the source of methane emissions from plants: A multifaceted approach Recent studies have shown that stressed plants emit methane (CH4). However, the effects of multiple environmental factors on aerobic CH4 emissions from plants received little attention. We investigated the interactive effects of UV-B radiation, temperature and drought on CH4 emissions from pea plants (Pisum sativum) grown in pots, and the interactive effects of UV-B radiation and temperature on CH4 emissions from pea plants grown in hydroponic system. Both experiments were conducted in controlled-environment growth chambers. In pot experiment, ten pea cultivars were screened for the rate of CH4 emission. Plants were grown under two temperature regimes (22/18 and 28/24 oC) and two UVB levels (0 and 5 (ambient) kJ m−2 d−1). For each condition, half of the plants were well watered and the other half were kept water stressed. Methane emission rates of each cultivar were determined. Then, two cultivars with highest rate of CH4 emission were selected for further experiments. For hydroponic system, pea cultivar (P. sativum var. UT234 Lincoln) was grown hydroponically. Plant growth, chlorophyll content, UV-absorbing compounds, leaf moisture, wax, electrical conductance (EC) and CH4 emissions (from leaf, stem and root) were determined. Preliminary results from the pot experiment showed that CH4 emission rates were varied among plant cultivars. In the hydroponic system, we found no differences in plant growth parameters among treatments. However, higher temperature decreased the concentration of total chlorophyll and carotenoids. Temperature and UVB did not affect UV-absorbing compounds, wax content or leaf moisture. Higher temperature and ambient UVB increased leaf EC, but none of these factors affected root EC. Ambient UVB significantly increased CH4 emission, which was highest from stem but lowest from leaf. We conclude that environmental stressors increase aerobic CH4 emissions from plants and the rate of emission varies with plant organ.

*ABOUELSAAD, I., WEIHRAUCH, D. and RENAULT, S. PD-P02 Department of Biological Science, University of Manitoba Nitrogen transporters expression in salt tolerant and salt sensitive tomato plants The focus of this study was to understand the function of nitrogen transporters in maintenance of N supply in salt-stressed roots of cultivated (Lycopersicon esculentum) and wild tomato (L. pennellii) plants. Both genotypes were grown in a hydroponic system and treated with 100 mM NaCl for 7 days. Plant biomass, total nitrogen content of roots and shoots and expression profile of genes encoding ammonium and nitrate transporters (AMT and NRT, respectively) as well as the N-assimilation enzymes GS (glutamine synthetase) and NR (nitrate reductase) were determined in salt-stressed roots. Our results showed that L. pennellii exhibited lower growth inhibition than L. esculentum after 7 days of salt treatment. Gene expression analysis indicated that L. pennellii had higher mRNA expression level of AMT1.1 in salt-treated roots than in the control plants. This genotype also had the ability to maintain the expression level of AMT1.2 (the dominant nitrogen transporter in roots) and GS at a level similar to the control plants while in L. esculentum a decrease in expression was observed. This change in L. pennellii may facilitate the ammonium uptake and assimilation in salt stressed roots, therefore reducing the energy requirements for growth. The down- regulation of NRT1.1, NRT1.2 and NR genes during salinity in both genotypes may reflect the negative effects of salt stress on nitrate uptake and assimilation. Our study suggested that despite no difference in total nitrogen content between the two genotypes, the higher mRNA expression of AMT1.1, AMT1.2 and GS in L. pennellii compared to L. esculentum could have contributed to the limited reduction in biomass production for this genotype during salinity stress.

*ARCHAMBAULT, R.1, LANGLOIS, A.2, TURGON, J.-P.3, McNEIL, R.3 et LEBEUF. R.3 M-CP01 1. Fongarium du Cercle des mycologues de Montréal, Centre sur la biodiversité, Université de Montréal; 2. Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal; 3. Cercle des mycologues de Montréal. Inventaire macrofongique de la réserve écologique du Boisé-des-Muir Les inventaires exhaustifs de la macrofonge sont inexistants au Québec. On reconnaît généralement qu’il faut vingt années d’observation soutenue pour avoir une connaissance réaliste des champignons d’un territoire restreint donné et dont la présence est confirmée par l’observation des fructifications. En 2011, le Cercle des mycologues de Montréal a entrepris un inventaire de la macrofonge du Boisé-des-Muir, dernière parcelle forestière relativement intacte de la Montérégie, qui a fait l’objet d’études floristiques et écologiques importantes depuis plus d’une trentaine d’années. En 2011, au cours de sept sorties sur le terrain, on a listé 159 espèces, parmi lesquelles deux nouvelles mentions pour le Québec et neuf autres considérées comme très rares. En 2012 et 2013, les observations sur le terrain ont été réalisées sur une base hebdomadaire, de la fin mai à la fin octobre. Les sorties ont permis de relever, respectivement, 333 et 343 espèces. Après trois années d’observation, la macrofonge locale s’élève à 446 espèces répertoriées. De ce nombre, 23 espèces sont considérées très rares pour le Québec, incluant 7 premières mentions pour l’ensemble du Québec. Des variations sont observées d’une année à l’autre au niveau de l’abondance de Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

34 fructifications selon la période de la saison, de la proportion relative d’espèces saprotrophes et mycorhiziennes, et de l’importance relative des différents groupes taxonomiques. Ces variations peuvent être reliées aux conditions climatiques. On estime que le nombre d’espèces réperto- riées à ce jour représente entre 40 et 60% du nombre total de champignons présents au Boisé-des-Muir.

*ARCHAMBAULT, R.1 et STEFANI, F.O.P.2 M-CP05 1. Fongarium du Cercle des mycologues de Montréal, Centre sur la biodiversité, Université de Montréal; 2. Centre sur la biodiversité, Université de Montréal. Le fongarium du Centre sur la biodiversité, un outil de référence majeure pour la connaissance de la macrofonge du Québec Le fongarium du Cercle des mycologues de Montréal (CMM) fait partie des collections du Centre sur la biodiversité de l’UdeM. Se concen- trant sur la macrofonge du Québec, il réunit des collections réalisées par des mycologues amateurs. La principale collection – quelque 4000 échantillons – a été réalisée de 1988 à 2008 grâce au soutien financier du CMM. Le fongarium a pour vocation d’héberger et de documenter la collection fongique la plus exhaustive du Québec en proposant aux mycologues amateurs d’y déposer leurs collections. L’intégration de collections récentes (25 ans et moins) a presque doublé la taille du fongarium. Les données des collections (identification morphologiques et/ ou moléculaire, classification, photographies, géolocalisation, etc.) sont accessibles – ou en voie de l’être – sur Canadensys. Bénéficiant d’un environnement scientifique extrêmement dynamique, le fongarium du Centre sur la biodiversité a pour objectif de devenir un outil exception- nel pour l’étude des champignons du Québec. Pour son utilisation, son entretien et son développement, le fongarium compte essentiellement sur la contribution bénévole de mycologues amateurs, de quelques scientifiques, et du soutien financier du CMM. La contribution des mycologues amateurs au développement de la connaissance de la mycodiversité étant fondamentale, le fongarium a également pour mission d’être un centre de référence, facilement accessible aux mycologues amateurs en leur donnant une assistance rapide pour l’identification et la classification. Ainsi, le fongarium se positionne pour être l’outil de référence majeure de la macrofonge du Québec.

*ARSENAULT, A.1 and HUSSEY, V.2 EC-P01 1. Canadian Forest Service, Corner Brook, NL, 2. Memorial University of Newfoundland Population structure of the boreal felt lichen in a ribbed moraine landscape of Eastern Newfoundland The boreal felt lichen (Erioderma pedicellatum) is considered critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Although the species has suffered major reductions in parts of its range, new findings in Alaska, Russia and Newfoundland have significantly increased the estimated population and geographic range. The Newfoundland population is particularly interesting because some areas are showing rapid declines while other areas are either showing increase or relatively stable populations. We sampled populations of the boreal felt lichen in plots systematically placed along transects in a ribbed moraine landscape. Our intent was to capture as much of the ecological variation in order to better understand the population structure of this species in different habitats and to develop a predictive habitat model to assist with strategic land-use planning. We found 668 thalli on 375 trees. The vast majority of the boreal felt lichen thalli were on balsam fir trees between 1 and 2 metres in height. The number of thalli per tree varied between 1 and 19. We observed several factors that are likely to have an influence on the dynamics of the boreal felt lichen populations including competition from chlorolichens, mortality of the phorophyte, and physical damage from falling trees. This information combined with a detailed ecosystem mapping project will help in the development of a predictive habitat model. We will discuss further the dynamics of the boreal felt lichen populations in the context of a changing forest ecosystem and the management implications for an endangered species in a managed landscape.

ARSENEAULT, C. T-CP01 Jardin botanique de Montréal Documenting the history of a great garden The Montréal Botanical Garden, founded in 1931, has become one of the most important botanical gardens in the world and has fulfilled its goal of being a cultural, scientific, social and educational institution. Reviewing the history of the Botanical Garden takes us back in time to discover its soul and meet the people who created it, in particular Brother Marie-Victorin, landscape architect Henry Teuscher and botanist Jacques Rousseau. Images and words help render a concrete view of what is the timeline for a scientific institution such as the Garden. Behind the history lies however the vital role of its library to conserve, organize, describe and inspire the use of thousands of archival material, correspondence, photographs, trophies, souvenir books, images, drawings, clippings, publications, etc. In the last 10 years, the Montréal Botanical Garden Library has taken the digital road to better manage the institutional memory and knowledge. The experience of the library Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

is instrumental in setting ways to document and distribute archives in botanical institutions, among which the use of metadata and online 35 virtual exhibits. As such, the implementation of the Fotoware software to create an Intranet useful for image retrieval and use of both archives and current images has forced us to review our methods and policies. Finally, the responsibility of individual members of the institution is emphasized in assuming a supporting and active role in the preservation of the institutional history.

*ATHUKORALA, S.N.P. and PIERCEY-NORMORE, M.D. M-CP11 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 1T8. Recognition between Cladonia rangiferina and the algal partner during resynthesis Controlled parasitism is one hypothesis that has been used to describe the interaction between the fungus and the alga in lichen associations, where the fungus is believed to be a biotrophic parasite on the alga. Successful recognition between two partners is thought to turn on defensive mechanisms in the alga to prevent infection. Previous biochemical studies suggested that arginase produced by the fungal partner and urease produced by the algal partner act as recognition molecules in lichen symbionts. If these proteins are present in the surrounding medium, they should trigger a response in each of the lichen symbionts separately. A previous study performed in our lab established three early resynthesis stages for the lichen C. rangiferina. Therefore, the current study compared the expression of arginase and urease-like gene in C. rangiferina using real time polymerase chain reaction at three resynthesis stages. Pure cultures of the mycobiont, C. rangiferina and the photobiont, Asterochloris glomerata/irregularis (response cultures) were incubated with extracts drawn from different cultures at three different incubation periods (1d, 8d, 21d) to mimic the resynthesis stages (activation cultures). The six activation cultures include C. rangiferina with Asterochloris, C. rangiferina with incompatible alga, C. rangiferina alone, Asterochloris alone, incompatible alga alone and the growth medium as control. Significant up-regulation of the fungal arginase gene was observed in response to algal activation cultures in early resynthesis stages. Significant up-regulation of the algal urease gene occurred from fungal activation cultures at all three resynthesis stages. These findings suggest that expression of recognition related genes may occur throughout active growth of a lichen since the mycobiont needs to recognize new daughter algal cells in order to continue the mutualism without collapsing.

*AZAIEZ, A.1, PICHÉ, P.1, BERTRAND, A.2 et KHASA, D.1 M-CP02 1. Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec; 2. Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, 2560 Boul. Hochelaga, Québec. Analyse de la dissolution du phosphate tricalcique au cours de la symbiose ectomycorhizienne – Étude de l’expression des gènes impliqués dans la production des acides organiques La plupart des arbres en forêt boréale sont colonisés par les champignons ectomycorhiziens (ECM). Généralement, les racines des arbres con- tribuent faiblement à la solubilisation des minéraux. Ce rôle essentiel de dissoudre les minéraux revient aux associés fongiques ECM lorsqu’ils exsudent des acides organiques de faibles masses moléculaires. Le but de la présente étude est de mettre en évidence les mécanismes d’altération reliés à la dissolution du phosphate tricalcique (TCP) au cours de la symbiose ectomycorhizienne. Pour y parvenir, cinq champignons ECM ont été testés pour leur capacité à dissoudre le TCP (Paxillus involutus, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Suillus tomentosus, Suillus granulatus et Laccaria bicolor). Deux champignons ECM, P. involutus et S. granulatus, ont été sélectionnés afin d’inoculer les plantules de pin gris (Pinus banksiana). Une fois la mycorhization établie, les semis ont été transférés dans un milieu de culture où le TCP est la seule source de phosphore. Les analyses HPLC ont montré une production significative d’acide citrique en présence de TCP au cours des deux symbioses (P. banksiana / S. granulatus et P. banksiana / P. involutus). Durant la symbiose avec P. involutus, il y a également production d’acide acétique et d’acide oxalique en présence de TCP. Ces résultats suggèrent que la dissolution de TCP est accompagnée de la production d’acides organiques. Afin d’étudier l’expression des gènes impliqués dans la voie de biosynthèse des acides organiques par qPCR, l’ARN a été extrait à partir des racines mycorhizées. Les gènes ciblés sont essentiellement impliqués dans le cycle de l’acide citrique. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

36 BAALIM, F.1, PETERS, C.2, and *COTA-SÁNCHEZ, J.H.1,2 SP-CP04 1. Department of Biology and 2. W.P. Fraser Herbarium (SASK), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada Herbarium specimens unveil the distribution of carnivorous plants in Saskatchewan, Canada Carnivorous plants are found on every continent except Antarctica. These plants draw some nutrients from animal prey rather than the soil and exhibit a degree of morpho-physiological specialization unrivalled by most species in the plant kingdom. This study unveils distribution patterns, ecology, and high incidence areas of carnivorous plants in Saskatchewan using a biodiversity informatics approach. It is based on digital information from specimens hosted in five major Canadian herbaria. The goals were to identify areas with carnivorous plant diversity deserving potential conservation priority. Saskatchewan carnivorous plants belong to three distantly related families: Droseraceae, Lentibulari- aceae, and Sarraceniaceae, comprising four genera and ten species. We provide distribution maps from a searchable database of carnivorous taxa as well as an assessment of rarity status and potential threats to diversity. Throughout Saskatchewan, carnivorous species range from the Mixed Grassland ecoregion in the southwest, to the Selwyn Lake Upland ecoregion in the northeast. Areas of high carnivorous plant diversity include the Nesbitt Provincial Forest, which contains six carnivorous species, including two that are classified as vulnerable. Eight species, two of which are vulnerable, are found in the Prince Albert National Park region. The Athabasca Sand Dunes contain seven species, including one vulnerable and one threatened. A small area southwest of the Athabasca Sand Dunes contains six species, including one vulnerable. These areas are recommended as deserving conservation priority. In conclusion, herbarium specimens contain a wealth of information regarding past and present distributions of species and provide powerful databases and useful tools to characterize areas of high diversity and concentrations of rare species or species with limited ecological range.

*BARBÉ, M., CHAVEL, E.E., FENTON, N.J., IMBEAU, L., MAZEROLLE, M., DRAPEAU, P. and BERGERON, Y. EC-P02 NSERC-UQAT-UQAM Industrial Chair in Sustainable Forest Management Bryophyte dispersal by small-mammals: from assumption to certitude Boreal forest dynamics are mainly driven by wildfires, which leave unburnt islands within the disturbed matrix. Given the limited dispersal abilities of certain bryophytes, these pockets of untouched forest are potential sources for species recolonising the landscape. Although wind and water are generally considered to be the more important dispersal agents for bryophytes, transport by biotic disseminators has also been shown in various ecosystems (e.g. insects, flying foxes, molluscs). Small mammal species may play a similar role. Nevertheless, to our best knowledge, evidence supporting this claim is still lacking. During the summer of 2013 we trapped small-mammals in feather-moss black spruce forest of Western Quebec. Sampled individuals were brushed for collecting plant fragments, which were subsequently deposited on a nutrient agar for germination. We found the presence of bryophytes on the fur of 6 small mammal species including red squirrels, red-backed voles and deer mice. Subsequent germination in Petri dishes occurred in 4 of them, representing at least 7 bryophyte protonemata. In 2 other Petri dishes, fragments of Sphagnum spp. were found. Despite the small sample size of this pioneer study, this is the first evidence of external mammiochory by bryophytes involving small-mammals. We will sample more individuals from a more diverse range of small mammal species during the summer of 2014. Feces will also be collected to test internal mammiochory. Finally, we hope to draw a parallel between small- mammal home range sizes and distances covered by bryophytes when dispersing.

*BEHDARVANDI, B., GUINEL, F C. and COSTEA, M. PD-CP05 Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University Despite being short-lived the rudimentary root of Cuscuta (dodders, Convolvulaceae) seedlings is functional The vestigial root of Cuscuta, a parasitic genus, is thought to play an insignificant role in the establishment of seedlings because it normally starts to degenerate a few days after seedling emergence and lacks certain structures that are present in “normal” roots. However, previous reports of several weeks’ survival of seedlings in some Cuscuta species have prompted us to investigate the role(s) of this rudimentary organ in the growth and survival of Cuscuta seedlings. Thus, to assess root functionality we conducted experiments to establish if the main functions of a “normal” root anchoring, absorption, and microorganism infection are also achieved by the Cuscuta root. To link function and structure, root anatomy was examined. Furthermore, the effect of mycorrhizal fungal inoculation was tested on two ecologically different species, C. gronovii and C. campestris. Promix substrate inoculated with Glomus intraradices was used to determine the fungal effects on seedling growth and survival whereas chicory Root Organ Culture carrying G. irregulare was used to assess the success of fungal colonization. Root absorption ability was determined using a vital stain. The results strongly suggest that the Cuscuta root functions as a typical root despite its transitory nature and unlignified hydrom-like vascular tissue. In both species, the roots anchored the seedlings, absorbed the stain, and were colonized by mycorrhizal fungi but at different colonization rates. Higher fungal colonization caused a better growth performance and a higher survival rate in C. gronovii than in C. campestris, which may correlate with the different ecology of the two species. These results allow a better understanding of the biology of Cuscuta during the non-parasitic (autotrophic) phase of its life cycle. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

*BILTO, I. and HAUSNER, G. SP-P01 37 Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada Variability of the mtDNA rns gene due to absence and presence of introns in members of the Ophiostoma piliferum species complex. Mitochondrial genomes in the true fungi are highly variable both in size and organization. In part this size variation is due to the presence of introns and intron-encoded open reading frames (ORFs). Ophiostoma piliferum and related species are of economic concern as they are blue- stain fungi that discolour timber and thus reduce its economic value. Comparative sequence analysis of the mtDNA small-subunit ribosomal RNA (rns) for strains representing O. piliferum and allied taxa showed that among different strains various rns gene exon/intron configura- tions can be observed. Preliminary sequence analysis and RNA secondary structure modeling indicates the presence of group I introns with LAGLIDADG ORFs at positions mS569 and mS1224 and group II introns were noted at positions mS379 and mS952. At position mS379 a group II intron was noted in some strains that encoded a reverse transcriptase (RT)-like ORF. The mS952 group II intron encoded a LAGLIDADG-type ORF. Examples of intron ORF degeneration due to frameshift mutations were also observed. The evolutionary dynamics of the intron encoded ORFs have also been examined.

BRASSARD, G.R. SP-CP01 1270 Alloway Cres., Ottawa, ON K1K 3Z1 The extensive botanical correspondence of Rev. A.C. Waghorne (1851-1900), Newfoundland missionary. Rev. Arthur C. Waghorne, missionary and botanical collector in Newfoundland and Labrador from 1875 to 1900, corresponded extensively with at least 47 North American and European botanists of the era between 1887 and 1899. A total of 136 letters or postcards from Waghorne to 22 of the recipients, including E.G. and N.L. Britton, J.B. Ellis, W.G. Farlow, A. Gray, J. Macoun and B.L. Robinson, have been documented, transcribed and analyzed. The correspondence, as well as additional information from published articles and herbarium specimens, provides insight into how an avid plant collector and botanist could work, essentially in total botanical isolation, in a remote region in the latter part of the 19th century.

*BRAUTIGAN, V. and PIERCEY-NORMORE, M.D. EC-P03 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg Lichen and bryophyte communities on coarse woody debris in the Manitoban boreal forest Coarse woody debris (CWD), whether created through forestry activity or natural means, is an essential component of nutrient cycling in the boreal forest. CWD is a dynamic substrate providing habitats for a succession of organisms as decay progresses through to complete decomposition. Lichens and bryophytes play a crucial role in the regeneration of disturbed forest stands as both pioneer and climax species on CWD, but their biodiversity is not well understood. The goal of this study was to examine the biodiversity of lichens and bryophytes on CWD in Manitoba. Samples were collected from ninety stumps, logs, and fallen branches at five decay stages from three sites in the Northwest Manitoban boreal forest. Species richness and diversity were examined at the levels of study area, decay class, and CWD unit. An Indicator Species Analysis was performed to identify species with both a high specificity for, and fidelity to, particular stages of wood decay. Early decay class indicator species were found to be Ramalina spp., Bryoria spp., Parmeliopsis hyperopta, and Tuckermanopsis americana. Some species were indicators of late stage decay such as Cladonia coniocraea and Polytrichum juniperinum. Others were common to many decay classes (Cladonia gracilis, Pleurozium schreberi). Cladonia arbuscula was the species most frequently found in common on both CWD and the surrounding terrestrial substrate and was consequently selected for further genetic analysis to explore whether genotype plays a role in selection between these two substrates. Given the trend towards increased harvesting of CWD for biofuels, knowledge of the amounts, types, and lengths of time debris should be left in place is vital for forest conservation. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

38 *BURGESS M.1, CUSHMAN, K.2 , DOUCETTE, E.2 , and CAMPBELL, C.2 SP-CP02 1. Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, Plattsburg, NY, 12901, U.S.A. 2. School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469-5735, U.S.A.; Paralogy in a LEAFY gene and the species tree in Amelanchier (Pyreae, Rosaceae) The LEAFY gene is single-copy in most flowering plants and presumed to have duplicated when polyploidization produced the Pyreae. Hence, Malus has two loci, AFL1 and AFL2 (Apple FLORICAULA LEAFY). AFL2 is effective in delimiting Amelanchier species, but apparent paralogy confounds estimation of the species tree. We have recovered more than two distinct AFL2 sequences within individual diploid plants of six North American species, which suggests more than one AFL2 locus. Further, relationships of some of these paralogs in gene trees differ strongly from relationships based on other species-tree evidence. A putative AFL2 duplication within A. canadensis appears to have occurred after speciation because all 24 clones from nine diploids of this species are monophyletic. AFL2 duplicated much earlier in the history of other lineages in Amelanchier. Eastern North American A. bartramiana, for example, contains AFL2 sequences with an 87-bp insertion that nest strongly within the ETS-ITS clade B with three other eastern North American species. Clade B is supported as part of the species tree by cpDNA and morphology as well. Other AFL2 sequences in this species differ in lacking the 87-bp insertion, numerous substitutions, nesting strongly within the ETS-ITS clade A with all other North American diploids, and conflicting with the species tree. This pattern requires paralog loss by other species in clades A and B and separate analysis of their AFL2 paralogs for species trees. We treat other putative paralogs similarly. Other processes, such as hybridization, may contribute to incongruence between Amelanchier gene-trees and species-trees.

*CASTONGUAY, J., FENTON, N. and BERGERON, Y. EC-P04 Institut de Recherche sur les Forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue Dynamic bryophyte communities in the spruce moss Boreal forest: Role of residual patches after fire compared with retention after logging To respond to the diverse needs of a growing human population, human activities such as urbanization, intensive agriculture and deforestation have increased. These activities, in addition to natural disturbances, have had a significant impact on the forest landscape of North America. The introduction of the ecosystem based forest management seeks to maintain ecosystem structures and functions while maintaining a profitable return for logging companies. One technique used in order to achieve this is the variable retention harvesting method, which generates forest retention patches, similar to unburnt patches left after fire. The three main ecological functions of these patches are: “lifeboating” for species that cannot survive the recent harvest environment; “stepping stones”, where the patch helps increase connectivity between remaining forest patches; and structural enrichment of the regenerating forest. The aim of this study is to better understand the dynamics of bryophyte communities in retention cuts, and to compare these dynamics with that of bryophyte communities in post-fire patches, in the black spruce feather moss boreal forest. This will allow us to determine whether the retention patches after cutting fulfill the ecological functions described above. Sampling will be carried out in clearcuts containing retention islands and forest fires of different age groups. In addition, this study examine whether the spatial heterogeneity of the forest is important for the conservation of our flora. It will also help to inform decisions on certain commercial methods for the recovery of waste biomass.

*CATLING, P.M., MITROW, G. and WARD, A. SP-P02 Biodiversity and Collections, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6 Database Update - European Common Reed: Past, future, and identity The European Common Reed (Phragmites australis subsp. australis) is a top priority invasive alien plant in North America. Databases have been highlighted as an urgent need to make accurate information on the occurrence and characteristics of invasives readily available for monitoring and management. The Canadian European Common Reed database is a country-wide project involving 23 institutions including universities, museums and government departments. It contains details on 2000 specimens from across Canada. The database documents the “sleeper weed” (lag and exponential spread) phenomenon where a species arrives, remains localized for a relatively long period, then bursts over the landscape. Since the last map in 2010, European Common Reed has doubled the number of locations in western Canada, expanded in the eastern maritime region and has more localities in the lower Great Lakes. In the Canadian Great Lakes region by 1950 European Common Reed was only known from Lake St. Clair, but is now widespread. Lower glume length is valuable in distinguishing European and American Common Reed because it is available in winter, spring and early summer. Evaluation of this important character has been limited both numerically and geographically. With 886 specimens, a table of percentages were used to calculate above and below values for two the taxa to arrive at a cut-off of 4.3 mm. Plants can be assigned to either the European subsp. australis or the native subsp. americanus with 9.7 % misclassification rate which can be decreased by treating specimens in the overlap zone of a bimodal distribution as unidentifiable. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

*CATLING, P.M. and WARD, A. SP-P03 39 Biodiversity and Collections, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa K1A 0C6, Canada. Reed Canarygrass taxa in Canada Although the presence of two kinds of Reed Canarygrass in Canada has recently been supported, there has been very little work aimed at distinguishing the two kinds using morphological criteria. Authors have generally followed the statement of Dore and McNeil in 1980 that “there are no evident morphological characters to distinguish with certainty the native Canadian plants with those introduced from Europe.” We collected data on 9 characters in 102 specimens from across Canada that included four groups: 22 early collections, 32 from remote areas, 25 recent collections from urban and agricultural landscapes, and 23 plants from Europe. The extent to which the groups could be distinguished was determined using discriminant analysis. Early collections and European collections were separable to some degree. European plants had more hair and narrower lemmas, but despite this very interesting trend, the statement of Dore and McNeill holds. Plants from remote areas and recent collections may be more similar and intermediate because they represent a genetic mixture of European and North American material. Variegated Reed Canargrass or Ribbon-grass (P. arundinacea var. picta L.), has been variously treated as a form or variety. Supporting varietal rank of plants with variegated leaves are smaller lemmas related to disturbed meiosis, ability to produce mature fruit, differing distribution, and strong reliance on vegetative spread. Although some plants with the smaller or larger florets of species related to P. arundinacea have been found in Canada, these are not clearly referable to these related species. A form with florets resembling small plants, possibly viviparous, is known from two localities in Ontario and one in Quebec.

CHENG, M., MEHROKE, J. and *SINGH, S. PD-P08 Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. Development of a new research project on hormone physiology in relation to apical dominance for biology undergraduate research students The objective of this work was to develop a new plant physiology research project for biology undergraduate research students. Plant hormones are growth-regulating chemicals, which are synthesized by plants in low concentrations. We investigated the effect of plant hormones, including cytokinin, auxin, and gibberellin on the apical dominance and lateral bud growth in green bean plants. We analyzed the effect of both hormone concentrations and hormone interactions in the developmental plasticity of bean plants. Auxin, cytokinin and gibberellin were applied to three-week-old bean plants with either intact or excised apical buds. After a week of hormonal treatments, the auxin treated green plants demonstrated apical dominance. Cytokinin exhibited a concentration-dependent effect on lateral bud growth and internode elongation. At low concentration, cytokinin increased the number of lateral bud outgrowths. In contrast, at high cytokinin concentration, internode elongation was inhibited. However, the internode elongation was enhanced in gibberellin-treated plants. Our research findings that plant hormones can induce changes in growth habit, shape and growth of bean plants, have a potential to positively impact the agricultural production of green beans and other plants. The likely mechanisms of plant hormones in the growth and apical dominance in green bean plants will be discussed.

CLAIRMONT, L., *JONES, J. and GUINEL, F.C. M-CP08 1. Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo The hyper-mycorrhizal phenotype of the pea nodulation mutant E151 The pea nodulation mutant E151 (Pssym15) exhibits a low nodulation phenotype despite having more rhizobial infection events than the wild-type (WT) Sparkle. It also displays numerous branching infection threads and abundant nodule primordia, though these usually do not develop into nodule meristems. However, those nodules which form are abnormally large. Through grafting experiments, the low nodulation phenotype was found to be root-controlled. Known similarities between the rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbioses prompted us to investigate the mycorrhizal phenotype of E151. To do so, WT and E151 plants were grown with the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus irregulare for 35 days. Roots were stained either for observation of mycorrhizae or for fungal phosphatase activity. To assess organ dominance over the phenotype, reciprocal grafts were performed. Our results indicate that E151 displays a hyper-mycorrhizal phenotype as it has many more infection events, hyphal branches, hyphopodia and arbuscules than the WT. Preliminary results also suggest that the symbiotic fungus in the mutant has lower phosphatase activity than in the WT. E151 is a valuable tool for exploring the regulation of root symbioses in legumes because both differences and similarities occur between nodulation and mycorrhizal phenotypes. At first glance, E151 has a differential symbiotic phenotype with few nodules but extensive mycorrhizal colonization. However, upon examination of symbiotic development, in both cases the number of infection events is high and the infection threads/ hyphae branch extensively. Given these results, further examination of E151 may reveal insights into the shared physiological regulation of these two important agricultural symbioses. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

40 *CLAYSON, C.1, GARCÍA-RUIZ, I.2, and COSTEA, M.1 PD-P03 1. Department of Biology, Wilfird Laurier University, 75 University Avenue W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada; 2. CIIDIR-IPN Michoacán, Justo Sierra 28, Jiquilpan, Michoacan, CP, 59510, Mexico Water loss through specialized structures in Cuscuta (dodders, Convolvulaceae) drives the water uptake by the host Genus Cuscuta is considered holoparasitic because even the most active photosynthetic species derive over 99% of their carbon from their host(s). In agreement with other holoparasitic plants, stomatal density/transpiration rates reported for Cuscuta are very low. However, structures with an unknown function bearing stomata called stomatiferous protuberances (SPs) were reported on the stems, and in some species, on the perianth. We determined in the field stomatal conductance and water uptake within two parasite/host systems: C. gronovii/Solidago canadensis in Canada, and C. costaricensis/Tithonia tubiformis in Mexico. In addition, SPs were examined using light microscopy, SEM, and TEM. Species of subgenus Grammica develop two functional types of stems: exploratory stems with low stomatal densities (and no SPs), and haustorial stems with numerous SPs. Exploratory stems are vegetative while haustorial stems develop at flowering. Certain species from dry areas develop in addition more specialized SPs on their perianth. The structure of SPs is consistent with a water loss role. Water uptake of parasitized hosts was in general significantly higher compared to non-parasitized hosts. The increased water uptake observed in parasitized hosts can be explained at least in part by the water loss at the level of the SPs. During flowering/fructification, species of Cuscuta subgenus Grammica are capable of using the xylem of the host to absorb water even when the host stems are devoid of leaves or dry. The transpiration adaptations remind of hemiparasitic plants, however in Cuscuta water loss takes place during flowering/fructification.

*CRISPO, M.1 et BERGERON, Y.1, 2 EC-P05 1. Université du Québec à Montréal; 2. Chaire industrielle CRSNG-UQAT-UQAM en aménagement forestier durable, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue Influence du climat et du régime de feux sur la végétation des sous-bois de peuplements de peupliers faux-trembles (Populus tremuloides Michx.) en forêt boréale au Canada La préservation de la biodiversité est un enjeu essentiel du développement durable. Au-delà des engagements étatiques, sa protection ne peut être assurée que par l’acquisition soutenue de connaissances sur les divers processus régissant son maintien et sa restauration. Cette étude vise ainsi à déterminer comment la végétation des sous-bois de peuplements de peupliers faux-trembles (Populus tremuloides Michx.) est influencée par le régime des feux et le climat dans la forêt boréale du Canada. Elle cherche à discerner l’importance des processus détermi- nistes dans l’assemblage des végétaux, telle que la compétition pour l’utilisation des ressources, et celle des processus stochastiques, tels que les feux de forêt, qui surviennent aléatoirement dans l’environnement. Dans cette optique, la végétation de sous-bois de 33 peupleraies a été échantillonnée le long d’un gradient longitudinal de précipitations et de régimes de feux s’étendant de l’ouest à l’est du Canada. L’équitabilité des espèces serait ainsi significativement plus élevée de 15% à l’ouest, caractérisé par des précipitations plus faibles et un cycle de feux plus court, qu’à l’est du pays qui bénéficie de plus de précipitations et d’un cycle de feux plus long. Cependant, les richesses spécifiques sont similaires entre ces grandes régions et ce paramètre ne semble pas corrélé aux variables considérées. Ces résultats préliminaires laissent déjà supposer une similarité inhérente aux peuplements de peupliers faux-trembles en forêt boréale.

CUSHMAN, K.1, BURGESS M.2, DOUCETTE, E.1 and *CAMPBELL, C.1 SP-CP03 1. School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469-5735, U.S.A.; 2. Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, Plattsburg, NY, 12901, U.S.A. What we are doing about species problems in tetraploid, apomictic Amelanchier (Rosaceae) Amelanchier diploids are sexual and distinct from one another morphologically, ecogeographically, and mostly genetically. They form species under most species concepts. Amelanchier tetraploids (triploids are infrequent and few in number where they do occur) are 97-99% apomictic and have abundant, meiotically generated pollen. Apomixis facilitates formation of new tetraploids and expansion of ecologically successful genotypes into numerous, morphologically uniform, narrowly distributed groups called microspecies. Species status for Amelanchier microspecies would create many more locally distributed species than in genera of sexuals and burden the classification ofAmelanchier with numerous minimally distinct taxa. Gene flow involving tetraploids leads to intergradation of taxa. One form of taxon intergradation, semi-cryptic ploidy variation, involves almost all North American diploids in the genus and morphologically similar allopolyploids. We delimit tetraploid species as phenotypic clusters with consistent patterns in ecogeography and in their diploid ancestry based on DNA sequences from three nuclear regions and one chloroplast region. To make tetraploid species comparable to species of sexuals, we deny species status to microspecies by requiring that tetraploid species have a geographic range comparable to that of most sympatric sexual species of flowering plants. Where taxon intergradation blurs boundaries between taxa, we use species complexes to encompass morphologically similar groups. We exemplify our approach to the species problem in Amelanchier apomicts by exploring morphological distinctness of the microspecies A. “rubra” and apomictic species A. cusickii in sympatry with congeners. We also study discreteness of diploid and polyploid A. bartramiana and their intergradation with apomictic A. laevis. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

*DAUPHINEE, A.1, LACROIX, C.2 and GUNAWARDENA, A.1 PD-CP01 41 Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; 2. Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE. Lace plant transformation: Enhancing a novel model system for programmed cell death Aponogeton madagascariensis, or lace plant is an aquatic monocot that has been cultivated for over a century due to its unique perforated leaves. The holes are produced by the systemic deletion of cells between longitudinal and transverse veins as part of normal development through a process known as programmed cell death (PCD). PCD is a life process crucial for development and survival of multicellular eukary- otes. PCD in lace plant leaves is highly predictable and is readily observable using live cell imaging, making the plant an ideal model system for studying this vital cellular process In vivo. The current study aims to enhance this model system by developing the necessary protocols for Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation using two bacterial strains in combination with several binary plasmids that confer constitutive GFP fluoresence. Initial experiments attempted transient transformation to optimize the inoculation of various explants including roots, shoots, mature leaf sheaths, and whole leaves from various stages of development. Additionally, protocols for the induction of friable callus from corm tissues and the subsequent regeneration of whole plants were developed using exogenous auxins and cytokinins. Stable transformation was most successful using callus derived from corm tissues and results indicate that the lace plant is amenable to genetic engineering using an A. tumefaciens vector. Current efforts are focused on the generation of whole plant transformants expressing genes of interest to advance our understanding of PCD in plants. deBRUYN, R.A.J.1, PAETKAU, M.2, ROSS, K.A.3, GODFREY, D.V.3, and *ROSS FRIEDMAN, C.1 PD-CP04 1. Department of Biological Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia; 2. Department of Physical Sciences (Physics), Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia; 3. Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 4200 Highway 97, Summerland, British Columbia. Thermogenesis-triggered seed dispersal in the dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium americanum (Santalaceae) Dwarf mistletoes (genus Arceuthobium) are obligate aerial parasites found on members of the Pinaceae and Cupressaceae. The lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum) infects jack pine (Pinus banksiana) in western Canada, and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) in western North America. Arceuthobium infection is detrimental to host tree’s wood quality, impedes the tree’s ability to resist infestation by other pests (e.g., mountain pine beetle), and decreases the lifespan of the infected tree. Seed dispersal in these parasitic angiosperms is accomplished through explosive discharge of the seeds from single-seeded fruit during early fall. Our earlier work indicated that alternative oxidase (AOX), a protein involved in endogenous heat production (thermogenesis) in plants, is likely active in mature A. americanum fruit. The accumulation of AOX in fruit during their development led us to investigate if thermogenesis induces forcible seed discharge. Here we show that explosive discharge is characterised by an endogenous increase in fruit temperature prior to explosion. Infrared thermographs reveal mature DM fruits display an anomalous increase in surface temperature by an average of 2.1 ± 0.8 °C over an average time of 103 ± 29 s prior to dehiscence. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimeter measurements show an exothermic event in non-reversible heat flow. The possibility that thermogenesis triggers seed dispersal is a completely novel finding for any plant. Future work includes confirmation of this phenomenon in the field.

*DEDUKE, C. and PIERCEY-NORMORE, M.D. EC-P06 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg Substrate preference of two Shield lichens: an experimental approach Shield lichens in the genus Xanthoparmelia are some of the first species to colonize the Precambrian Shield, which is composed of a diverse elemental composition. This varied composition may influence the preference of Shield lichen species for the rock substrate. Therefore, two saxicolous lichens in the family Parmeliaceae, Xanthoparmelia viriduloumbrina and X. cumberlandia, were studied to determine the effect of the substrate on germination and growth. Mycobiont cultures were obtained using the spore rain method. The experiment included four rep- licate plates of water agar with crushed granodiorite (R1), dolostone (R2), basalt (R3), mica schist (R4), and malt-yeast agar (R5). Two species were monitored weekly for ascospore germination and growth (percent coverage on agar). Ascospore numbers and percent cover of mycelium were determined from a grid in the microscope eyepiece. X. cumberlandia grew significantly faster than X. viriduloumbrina throughout the experiment. X. viriduloumbrina grew best on agar mixed with crushed granitic rock (R1), while X. cumberlandia was most successful on agar mixed with crushed schist (R4). The best growth of both species on crushed rock (R1 and R4) was better than growth on malt yeast agar. Crushed limestone produced the poorest growth for both species. Ascospores were released as individual spores or in groups of two, four, six or eight ascospores. Evidence of ascospore germination was present during the first count and displayed an exponential growth rate. Fungal mycelial mats developed relatively quickly when fungal hyphae came into contact with other spores and increased the overall surface area of the mycobiont. The percent germination was greater in X. cumberlandia than X. viriduloumbrina. The results will be discussed with reference to life history strategies of both species. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

42 DEHAAN, J. and *VASSEUR, L. EC-CP04 Department of Biological Sciences - Brock University, 500 Glenridge Ave., St. Catharines, ON, Canada L2S 3A1 Lettuce – onion interactions: competition or facilitation? In sustainable agriculture, alternative method such as intercropping can be used to replace monoculture. Diversification of the agroecosystem has been seen as an advantageous strategy as it may help with facilitative interactions and reduction of pests. The debate still remains in understanding how in such systems plants interact with one another both above and below ground with members of the same species (intraspecific) or members of a different species (interspecific) for nutrients, water and light. We examined the above and below ground interactions between onion and lettuce in monocrop and intercrop systems under controlled conditions. The various possible interactions (no competition, above ground, below ground, or full) were tested using a full factorial randomized design. The results showed that onion generally did significantly better in monoculture than with lettuce, especially under below ground and full interspecific competition with lettuce. However, dry weight of onions in above ground competition with lettuce was significantly greater than when grown alone. Lettuce produced significantly highest yield when exposed to below ground and full interspecific competition treatments with onion. The hectare yield model results confirmed the strong below ground competitive effect between onion and lettuce in intercrop. The Relative Interaction Index indicated that the interactions between onion and lettuce were asymmetric with onion being generally disadvantaged while lettuce producing greater yield than in monoculture. There was an observable negative effect on onion yield in intercropping. The results indicate the importance to understand competitive interactions between component crops as it helps match the most efficient species under specific conditions. Further field research will help better understand how under conditions where weeds and pests are present these interactions are influenced.

*DE LA ESTRELLA, M., DOMENECH, B. and BRUNEAU, A. SP-CP13 Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de Sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Québec, Canada Phylogenetic study of the Amherstieae group (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae) Leguminosae is the third largest flowering plant family comprising about 19,500 species, occurring in a great variety of habitats from rainforests and mangrove swamps to deserts and temperate zones. In terms of species-richness, Leguminosae is the most important angiosperm family in tropical Africa. The Caesalpinioideae and particularly the monophyletic tribe Detarieae, are a dominant component in tropical Africa, with some species forming large expanses of forests, dominated by a single Caesalpinioideae tree species (e.g. Gilbertiodendron monodominated forest). Detarieae are pantropical in distribution, although the majority of the genera are confined to Africa and Madagascar. Previous phylogenetic studies revealed the monophyly of the tribe, but relationships among the genera remain poorly resolved, especially within the large Amherstieae clade, which comprises 50 of the 84 Detarieae genera. The purpose of this study is to provide a new phylogenetic framework to improve the systematics and conservation of this important group of plants. We have used the nuclear ITS and three plastid regions (rpL16, trnG-trnS, matK) to reconstruct the phylogeny of the tribe Detarieae, with particular emphasis on African genera of the Amherstieae clade. The Detariae is confirmed as a monophyletic tribe divided into two clades, the resin producing Detariae (34 genera) and the Amherstieae clade (50 genera). Within the Amherstieae some major groups are retained as strongly supported groups, including the African endemic Berlinia or the American Brownea clades. The relationships among genera and the potential use of Legumes as indicators of biodiversity loss in tropical Africa in the context of the global Legume diversity assessments are also discussed.

*DICKINSON, T.A.1, PROCTOR, S.2, SHIPLEY, P.R.3, LEE, J.4, COUGHLAN, J.5 and ZARREI, M.6 SP-CP19 1. Green Plant Herbarium, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto ON M5S 2C6; 2. Alberta Diabetes Institute, 4-002 Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1; 3. Chemistry, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna BC V1V 1V7; 4. HerbPro, Edgewood BC V0G 1J0; 5. Biology, Duke University, Durham NC 27708 U.S.A.; 6. Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto ON M5G 0A4 Natural Health Products and Crataegus of the Pacific Northwest Recent work on western North American hawthorns has been spurred by interest in using native hawthorn species to develop Natural Health Products. These would take advantage of the well-documented use of hawthorns in traditional treatments for heart disease, together with recent results of meta-analyses demonstrating statistically significant therapeutic benefits from hawthorn preparations. We have documented the taxonomy, breeding behaviour, and diversification due to intersectional hybridization of theCrataegus flora of the Pacific Northwest, and made vouchered collections of leaves, flowers, and fruits for chemical analyses and animal trials. NMR analyses have demonstrated unique compositional signatures of several species. Nevertheless, preparations of leaves of introduced C. monogyna Jacq., and of fruits of native C. chrysocarpa Ashe, elicit similar significant improvements in heart structure and function in an animal model of human metabolic syndrome. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

*DOMENECH, B.1,2, and NADOT, S.2 SP-CP07 43 1. Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale and Département de Sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada ; 2. Laboratoire Écologie Systématique Évolution, Université Paris Sud, France Floral morphology evolution in the Ranunculaceae Species of Ranunculaceae have flowers with variable number of floral organs, at interspecific as well as intraspecific levels. To examine floral evolution in the family and to determine the ancestral character states of the Ranunculaceae flower, we studied the evolution of 14 selected floral characters using a molecular phylogeny. The phylogeny was previously reconstructed with eight molecular markers (nuclear, chloroplast, mitochondrial). A total of 54 species from 34 of the 62 genera of Ranunculaceae were included in this phylogeny. Our analyses show that the reconstruction of floral ancestral states is often equivocal, and in particular that features of perianth homology are still ambiguous. Regardless, based on these character reconstructions, we propose hypotheses concerning the origin of petals and nectaries with respect to ecological conditions and pollination syndromes. Notably, the evolution of petal morphology and of fertile organ number (stamens and carpels) in the tribe Anemoneae seem to be related, but the reasons remain unclear; perhaps some pollination driven selection can explain the observed pattern.

*DOUCETTE, E.1, CUSHMAN, K.1, BURGESS M.2, FRYE, C 3 , and CAMPBELL, C.1 SP-CP09 1. School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469-5735, U.S.A.; 2. Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, Plattsburg, NY, 12901, U.S.A. 3. Maryland Dept. of Natural Resources, Annapolis, MD, 21401, U.S.A. Systematics of polyploid apomicts in the eastern North American arborescent clade of Amelanchier (Rosaceae) Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fern., A. canadensis (L.) Medik., and A. laevis Wieg. are often tree-forming and comprise a clade based on their many-flowered inflorescences, glabrous ovary summits and DNA sequences from ETS, ITS, and two nuclear introns. As currently circum- scribed, all three species are widespread in eastern North America and contain sexual diploids and apomictic tetraploids. The range of diploids of all three species differs from that of tetraploids, substantially so in A. laevis. Hybridization involving clade T diploids is rare. Hybridization does produce tetraploids within clade T and between clade T and non-arborescent taxa. These allotetraploids can be local microspecies, be morphologically semi-cryptic compared to diploids, or intergrade with non-arborescent taxa. Examples of allotetraploids that are morphologically allied with arborescent species include A.sera Ashe, a putative hybrid between A. arborea and A. canadensis, and A. intermedia Spach, which appears to have multiple and diverse origins. In addition, some informally named microspecies, such as A. “oligoflora”, contain DNA sequences from arborescent and non-arborescent species. In contrast, A. alabamensis Britton, which has hairy ovary summits and extremely narrow petals, tentatively nests within A. arborea. Our approach to species delimitation in the arborescent clade is to recognize morphologically distinct diploids and widespread tetraploids as species and include other taxonomic variation in species complexes.

*ELLIOTT, T.L.1, WATERWAY, M.J.2 and DAVIES, T.J.1 SP-CP18 1. Department of Biology, McGill University; 2. Department of Plant Science, McGill University Biotic and abiotic factors determining co-occurrence patterns in northern Canadian Cyperaceae The Cyperaceae (sedge family) is a highly diversified, monophyletic and almost cosmopolitan plant family that is especially important in northern latitudes where it has the highest species number and relative plant cover of any plant family, leading to the co-occurrence of several closely-related species. Competition theory predicts that closely-related species, such as northern sedges, will rarely co-exist because they occupy similar niches, but many species coexist in natural communities. Previous research shows that there are lineage-specific co-occurrence patterns in northern sedges, with some clades co-occurring with neighbours that are more closely related than expected, whereas other clades have more distantly related neighbours. In this study, we combined traditional ecological approaches with novel phylogenetic methods to examine which abiotic and biotic variables contribute to the lineage-specific co-occurrence patterns in sedges near Schefferville, in subarctic Quebec. We reconstructed the regional phylogeny of sedges from the Schefferville area using sequences from three plastid and two nuclear genes. We then quantified the phylogenetic neighbourhood of 35 focal sedge species across 700 plots, and examined which variables best predicted species co-occurrence. Our research will bring insight into factors that determine the co-occurrence of closely related plant species. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

44 *ELSHOBARY, M.E. 12, OSMAN, M.E.2, ABUSHADY, A.M.2, KOMATSU, E.3, PERREAULT, H.3 and PIERCEY-NORMORE, M.D.1 EC-P07 1. Biological Sciences Department, Manitoba University, R3T 2N2; 2. Botany Department, Tanta University, Egypt.; 3. Chemistry Department, Manitoba University, R3T 2N2 Effect of algal sugars on growth and polyketide synthesis of the lichen-forming fungus, Cladonia rangiferina Lichen algae produce polysaccharides from photosynthesis where green algal photobionts produce polyols and cyanobacterial photobionts produce glucose. These polysaccharides provide carbon for fungal carbon based polyketides. But many cyanobacterial lichens do not produce polyketides to the same extent as green algal lichens. This study examined whether the type of polysaccharide explained differences in polyketide production and growth by a lichen fungus. Polysaccharides were extracted from Diplosphaera chodatii and Spirulina platensis from a previous study that compared lichenized and free-living algae. These polysaccharides were hydrolysed and identified. Glucose was the main sugar from Sp. platensis and sorbitol was the main polyol from D. chodatii. Different concentrations of these sugars, and ribitol, were used to enrich malt yeast extract media for culturing the mycobiont of Cladonia rangiferina. Growth was measured by dry weight and polyketide synthesis was measured by quantitative (q)PCR of polyketide synthase (PKS) genes and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the polyketides. Fungal growth was enhanced by increasing glucose concentration, but growth was decreased by increasing sorbitol and ribitol concentrations. These growth results were inversely proportional with polyketide production. The effect of sugar concentration on polyketide synthesis of C. rangiferina was examined by qPCR using three PKS genes. In general, ribitol up-regulated PKS1 and PKS16 gene expression more than glucose and sorbitol. Sorbitol up-regulated PKS3 gene expression followed by glucose and ribitol. The expression of PKS3 was directly proportional to increasing ribitol concentrations. The implications of polysaccharides and mycobiont growth and polyketide production will be discussed.

*EVANS, R.C., NEWELL, R. and WHITE, S. EC-CP12 Biology Department Acadia University Challenges to reproduction in Helianthemum canadense (L.) Michx. Helianthemum canadense is an endangered perennial herb at the northern extent of its range in Nova Scotia that employs dimorphic cleistogamy (i.e. chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers produced on the same plant in the same season). Previous analyses of genetic variation within, and amongst, populations in Nova Scotia illustrate that gene flow amongst populations appears to be low, and that this may be a result of continued isolation caused by habitat fragmentation. Our ongoing study employs comparative floral development, quantification of key reproductive characters, and data collection of putative pests that consume seeds of mature chasmogamous fruits. As expected, reproductive biology in chasmogamous vs. cleistogamous flowers is very different, but the outcomes are not significantly different. Chasmogamous flowers produce on average 45 ovules per flower and 42 seeds per fruit, whereas cleistogamous flowers produce an average of eight ovules per flower and seven seeds per fruit. Typically only one or two chasmogamous flowers/fruits are produced per plant, but a single plant may produce a few dozen cleistogamous flowers. During our processing of flowers and fruits for ovule and seed number counts we found evidence of an unidentified insect grub eating seeds. It appears that the grub completely consumes all seeds in a fruit before leaving, but it is not clear how the grub enters the (developing) fruit. However, early results demonstrate that grubs only feed upon seeds in chasmogamous fruits, and that predation might be population specific. One population showed no evidence of seed predation, whereas the fruits from another population had 27% of their seeds predated. All of these data are being compiled with the goal of imparting knowledge to aid in conservation efforts of these plants and their habitat.

*FALCONER, D and COTA-SÁNCHEZ, J,H. EC-CP08 Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan Reproductive biology in the Plains Prickly Pear, Opuntia polyacantha (Cactaceae), in Saskatchewan Cacti found in Canada represent a very small group consisting of just four species, three of which are found in Saskatchewan. These species are able to withstand the cold winter temperatures and rejuvenate the following spring. Among these, Opuntia polyacantha Haw., is present from northern Mexico throughout the United States, eventually reaching western Canada. While it is relatively common in the Prairie Provinces, little is known regarding its floral and reproductive biology. This study focuses on investigating the floral morphology, phenology, and breeding system of the species to explore the role of pollinators and sexual reproduction in the distribution of this species. Field studies were carried out ~25km south of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. A unique trait found in these flowers is unidirectional movement of stamens, independent of the area that is stimulated (thigmonasty). This movement serves multiple purposes, from enhancing pollen presentation to facilitating cross-pollination, protecting pollen and preventing insects from robbing pollen. The flowers also exhibit traits encouraging floral visitors, such as large, colorful perianth, large stigmatic surface, and numerous anthers. Despite the heavy investment into systems that promote the cross- pollination and sexual reproduction in this species the primary means of further distribution seems to be by vegetative, asexual reproduction. Further study in the coming field season will be carried out to better understand the reproductive biology ofO. polyacantha. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

*FAN, D. and SMITH, D.L. EC-P08 45 1. Plant Science Department, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada Identification of new rhizobacteria and plant growth enhancers Plants and rhizobacteria comprised of rhizospheric microbes and endophytic microbes, have complex associations with each other, which are critical for both plants and microbes in terms of nutrient accessibility, survival, development and growth. Root colonizing beneficial bacteria, also known as plant growth promoting rhizobactera (PGPR), have been shown to increase plant growth and control diseases, either directly or indirectly, through nitrogen fixation, phytopathogen antagonism, alteration of phytohormones, and nutrient solubilization, induction of plant defense responses, etc. A growing body of evidence indicates that plants secrete molecules that might act as signals to initiate dynamic associations with soil microbes, and vice versa. The cumulative effect of these complex interactions between host roots and rhizobacteria can lead to plant growth promotion. We isolated over 500 rhizobacteria ectophytes and endophytes from a range of crops and wild plants. The ability of selected bacterial strains to affect Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh ecotype Columbia (Col-0) total leaf surface area and rosette fresh weight under optimal conditions was studied. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to identify selected bacterial isolates. Bacterial isolates with positive effects on plant growth will be further screened using crop plants, and new rhizobacterial compounds that act as plant growth enhancers under optimal/salt stress conditions in A. thaliana will be isolated, identified and characterized using a set of methods available and already in use in our laboratory.

FONTAINE, L. M-CP10 Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Faculté de foresterie, de géographie et de géomatique, Université Laval Microbe-driven fertility of boreal forests: insoluble phosphorus and potassium made available by ectomycorrhizal fungi and associated bacteria Most coniferous species of boreal forests are associated with ectomycorrhizal fungi. This association is responsible for supplying the host tree with minerals and water while the fungal symbiont receives photosynthates in exchange. In the context of boreal forests, most of the mineral nutrients available to the ecosystem are obtained through bedrock weathering by ectomycorrhizal fungi and associated bacteria. This rock weathering is the result of soil microorganisms dissolving minerals by releasing organic acids and siderophores. In the present study, the ability of selected microorganisms has been tested in the weathering of Lac-à-Paul rock phosphate (P), and orthoclase, a potassium (K) source. These minerals were found to be readily used as P and K sources by common ectomycorrhizal species in pure culture when no soluble sources are supplied. Also, the presence of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in the mycorrhizosphere of Picea glauca Moench (Voss) has been confirmed. The possibility of selective carbon allocation by the plant in response to fungal mineral weathering and bacterial hosting abilities will be discussed.

*FORTIN, J.A. and PICHÉ, Y. M-CP06 Sciences du bois et de la forêt, Faculté de foresterie, géographie et géomatique, Université Laval Fertility and nutrition of trees, a new paradigm Forest soil scientists conceive weathering in boreal forest as a process developing over hundreds even thousands of years. Our reclamation works on the building site of Hydro Quebec Manic 5 dam in northern Quebec realized in 1973, conducted 40 years later to the development of a diversified vegetation dominated by 25 cm diameter balsam poplars. Several hundred tons of dry biomass accumulated on the site. Initial material was essentially made of coarse rocks and no fertilizers of any kind were added. The growth of such a forest on rocks rises the ques- tion about the origin of all the essential nutriments (N, P, K, Ca, Mg etc.) necessary for such a biomass production. Recent discoveries on the capacity of ectomycorrhizae to solubilise crystalline minerals suggest that the slow rate of weathering cannot anymore explain the origin of nutrients for tree growth of in boreal forest. If the origin of nitrogen on Manic 5 site is easily explained by the initial plantation of the N-fixing symbiosis of silky alders, experiments conducted in the neighbourhood on coarse sandy sites without alder, raise other questions about the origin of nitrogen as well as all the other nutrients. These plantation sites received fragmented ramial woods and a few grams of nitrogen per M2. Once again after 15 years, trees reached 15 cm un diameter and 7 meters high, producing several tenth of tons of dry biomass. The key explanation is the production of organic acids par ectomycorrhzal fungi our hypothesis for the origin of N, being free bacteria N fixation. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

46 *GAGNON, E.1, LEWIS, G. P. 2, HUGHES, C. E.3, and BRUNEAU, A.1 SP-CP06 1. IRBV, Université de Montréal, Jardin Botanique de Montréal; 2. Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom; 3.Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Switzerland Delimiting a new cryptic species in a new cryptic genus in Caesalpinia sensu lato (Leguminosae) from the dry tropical forests in the Andes The generic affiliation of the Andean species, Caesalpinia trichocarpa, C. mimosifolia, and their close relatives has remained uncertain in all recent studies of Caesalpinia sensu lato (Leguminosae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae). We present a new densely sampled phylogeny based on four genetic markers (rps16, trnDT, ycf6-psbmR and ITS) that suggests that this Andean group should be considered as a distinct genus, despite the lack of any obvious morphological synapomorphies. Our phylogenetic analyses also suggest a problem with species delimitation in this group. Within Caesalpinia trichocarpa, three disjunct populations located in Argentina, Bolivia and Peru form three reciprocally monophyletic clades, but are recovered in a polytomy which includes Caesalpinia mimosifolia. Based on observations in the field across the Andes, we consider that the most isolated of these populations in Peru (separated by ~1300 km from the other closest populations) might represent a cryptic species. Minor differences, including larger flowers and leaves with reduced number of pinnae, may represent synapomorphies that distinguish this putative and cryptic new species. The morphological and genetic cohesiveness of the Caesalpinia trichocarpa complex is investigated by using: 1) statistical analyses based on qualitative and quantitative morphometric characters; 2) reconstructing a species tree using coalescent-based methods, with ten genetic markers (including five low-copy nuclear genes); Our work illustrates the difficulty of objec- tively delineating both species and genera with varying research methods and lines of evidence.

GARBARY, D., *GITTO, S., COLES, J., HALAT, L. and MACNEIL, M. EC-CP07 Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W5 The commercial harvest of the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum in Nova Scotia: what is being taken and what is the impact? There has been a commercial harvest of Ascophyllum nodosum in Nova Scotia since the late 1950s. After a period of mechanical harvesting when the resource deteriorated, a change to hand raking in the mid 1990s has led to a continued period of a sustainable harvest. This harvest comprises of ca. 20 tons ha-1 from natural beds in southwest Nova Scotia, and annually removes 25% of the standing crop. Here we ques- tion the sustainability of this harvest, and the impact on the near shore environment based on three aspects of Ascophyllum biology dealing with reproductive output, natural losses of fronds and epidermal shedding that are not accounted for by the reported harvest statistics. First, Ascophyllum matures its receptacles in the spring prior to the primary harvest season, and releases about 100% of the vegetative biomass into the community. Natural losses of fronds are approximately 10% per year. We have recently determined that epidermal shedding comprises ca. 1.5% of frond biomass per shedding, and that this shedding occurs on roughly a monthly basis. The combination of these three factors gives a total of 140% of the harvest biomass that is unreported in terms of withdrawals of potential detritus from the environment. Combined with the commercial harvest, this amounts to about 45 tons ha-1 annual removal from the beds. We suggest that the unaccounted biomass represents a significant loss of dissolved and particulate organic carbon from the ecosystem, and that this is likely having an impact on near shore coastal fertility.

*GARBARY, D., MACDONELL, H. and MILLER, A. PD-CP06 Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W5 Physiological integration in the symbiosis between the obligate, host specific epiphyte, Vertebrata lanosa, and its host fucoid, Ascophyllum nodosum Vertebrata lanosa is an obligate, host-specific, red algal epiphyte on the brown alga, Ascophyllum nodosum. These species are part of a complex symbiotic community that includes the endophytic ascomycete, Mycophycias ascophylli, that is universally present in A. nodosum, and which also colonizes the rhizoids of V. lanosa. We examined the interaction between V. lanosa and A. nodosum using pulse amplitude modulation of chlorophyll a fluorescence to evaluate photosynthetic processes of maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and relative electron transport rate (rETR) in the two photosynthetic partners. We measured fluorescence parameters inV. lanosa and A. nodosum when attached to each other, when detached (but in the same culture vessel) and when alone. Whereas the quantum yield of A. nodosum was unchanged, regardless of condition, V. lanosa showed stable Fv/Fm after one week when attached to its host, but successively lower values when in the same culture, but not attached, and when maintained alone. Similarly, rETR was significantly reduced in thalli after one week in thalli grown alone compared with attached thalli, even though quenching parameters (qP and NPQ) were the same in both conditions. In separate experiments, V. lanosa had greater tolerance of reduced salinity (50% and 25% seawater) when thalli were attached to A. nodosum. These results provide concrete evidence of a physiological association between the epiphyte and its host that reflects the known ecology. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

GARBARY, D.G. and *HILL, N.M. EC-CP02 47 St. Francis Xavier University & Fern Hill Institute Plant Conservation A Disjunct, Sea-level Population of a Globally Rare Avens Keeps its Mountain Manners The globally rare, Eastern Mountain Avens (Geum peckii Pursh) is Endangered in Canada because of agricultural ditching of its principal peatland habitat. Its Canadian population is small (ca. 6000 individuals) and essentially restricted to 10 ha of wetland on Brier Island, Nova Scotia. The Recovery Team (Species At Risk Act, Canada), has been working on a number of habitat restoration and management efforts to support population recovery and persistence. One aspect of the work, reported here, builds on the assumption that, rare plant populations can be artificially released from competition using various disturbance tools such as fire, herbicide, grazing or cutting. In 2012, we set up a shrub clipping experiment at four fens. The response of the target organism in such studies typically takes several years, yet the season after removal of the competing shrub canopy, we observed differences in shape and colouration in Avens leaves between the “released” (clipped) and the control (no clipping) treatments. We used pulse amplitude modulation of chlorophyll a fluorescence to evaluate maximum quantum yield as a measure of photosynthetic performance. We found a significant reduction in quantum yield, relating to the habitat’s water table: the reduction was much greater at the drier than the wetter site (15 vs 2%). Bliss (1963 Ecology 44:678) regards the taxon as one of three White Mountain endemics adapted to high elevation foggy habitats where “photosynthetic efficiency at low light levels, tolerance to air and soil moisture, and winter snow depths are probably the most important factors in the selection of species...”. The Recovery Team will need consider impacts of photosynthetic efficiency in their broader strategy to restore and manage Avens habitat.

*GILLESPIE, L.J., SAARELA, J.M., SOKOLOFF, P.C. SP-P06 Botany Section, Research & Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature The Arctic Flora of Canada and Alaska project The Arctic Flora of Canada and Alaska project aims to produce a new flora for all vascular plants in the Arctic ecozone in Canada and northern Alaska. The Arctic Flora research team includes botanists from Canada, Norway, and the United States, and the Project Secretariat is based at the Canadian Museum of Nature. We are using a Scratchpad platform to move the Flora beyond traditional standards, and to produce a treatment that is digital and interactive, taking full advantage of current (and future) web and database technologies. The Arctic Flora of Canada and Alaska website (http://arcticplants.myspecies.info) will be updated with content on an ongoing basis. The Flora will eventually serve as the reference for anybody who requires accurate and up-to-date information on Arctic plant species, wants to identify Arctic plants in the field or herbarium, or wants to know more about the amazing plant biodiversity in one of North America’s most climate-threatened ecosystems.

*GIMMA, K. L.1 and BURGESS M. B.1 EC-P09 1. Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, Plattsburg, NY, 12901, U.S.A. Establishing a learning landscape to counteract plant blindness The National Research Council proclaimed “our knowledge about the world around us is incomplete if we do not place sufficient emphasis on plant life.” Despite the obvious importance of plants in supporting human civilization and a healthy biosphere, plant blindness is a common phenomenon. A recent study suggests a botany curriculum focused on useful plants, such as medicinal plants and stimulant herbal drugs, can potentially counteract plant blindness. In addition to this model we propose establishing a learning landscape comprised of a living collection of useful plants. We hypothesize a learning landscape will help counteract plant blindness because it facilitates a physical connection between plants and people. To develop our living collection we have identified 75 common medicinal, edible, and economically important plants. This list includes a broad taxonomic representation of plants native to northeast North America, commonly used by Native Americans, and regularly encountered by people. Plants were propagated by seed or cutting at the SUNY Plattsburgh greenhouse. Seedlings were transplanted with la- bels into landscape beds surrounding the main entrance of Hudson Hall, the main science building at SUNY Plattsburgh. The learning landscape will compliment formal botany instruction, serve as a resource for interdisciplinary study, and support public programming. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

48 *GODFREY, R.M. and JOHNSON, M.T.J. EC-CP09 The effects of losing sex on quantitative trait variation in Evening Primroses (Oenothera) Theory predicts that sexual reproduction confers an advantage over asexual reproduction due to the maintenance of genetic variation afforded by the processes of recombination and segregation. However, this prediction has rarely been empirically tested. Oenothera is a flowering plant genus whose evolutionary history is punctuated with numerous transitions from sexual reproduction to a form of functionally asexual reproduction known as Permanent Translocation Heterozygosity (PTH). We sampled seeds from wild populations of 8 Oenothera species, representing four independent transitions from sexual outcrossing to PTH, and from them grew over 1500 plants in a greenhouse experiment. We measured 8 key phenotypic traits on these plants throughout their growth and phenology and compared the variance among genetic families (heritability and coefficient of variation) and among different populations (population differentiation) to quantify patterns of genetic variation in these species. We found that heritability in phenotypic traits was two times greater in sexual species on average compared with PTH species, and that population differentiation was more than three times greater in PTH on average than in the sexual species. Mixed effects models also showed significant differences in heritability and population differentiation between the sexual and PTH species for some phenotypic traits, but not others. These results largely match predictions from the theoretical literature and, as a multi-species comparison, represent some of the first empirical data of their kind.

*GODFREY, S.1,2 and GILLESPIE, L.J.1,2 SP-CP05 1. Department of Biology, University of Ottawa; 2. Research and Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature A taxonomic and phylogeographic study of Parrya (Brassicaceae) in the North American Arctic using morphology and molecular data Parrya includes three species in the North American Arctic that are sometimes difficult to distinguish. The objective of the present study was to resolve the taxonomy of P. arctica and P. nudicaulis, and investigate their relationships and phylogeography. Morphological measurements of 26 characters were taken on 122 specimens. Three non-coding regions, nrITS and plastid trnS-trnG and psbJ-petA, were sequenced for 104 specimens. Most morphological characters demonstrated considerable overlap between species, however, the majority of quantitative characters were significantly different and the principal component analysis revealed two well defined clusters corresponding to the two species. The plastid strict consensus tree showed P. arctica to be distinct from P. nudicaulis, but the ITS tree did not resolve the two species, possibly suggesting past hybridization. Genetic variation was much higher in the primarily Beringian P. nudicaulis than in the widespread Canadian Arctic island P. arctica. Three main genotypes were detected in P. nudicaulis, with the least common one more closely related to P. arctica. The two other genotypes display distinct geographic distributions; however, they do not correspond to the two recognized subspecies of P. nudicaulis, suggesting that it may not be appropriate to recognize subspecies in this highly variable species. The two specimens examined of the western Alaskan endemic P. nauruaq resolved within the P. nudicaulis clade in both ITS and plastid trees, but were morphologically closer to P. arctica. The combined molecular and morphological results confirm thatP. nudicaulis and P. arctica should be recognized as two distinct, but closely related, species. Both P. arctica and P. nauruaq likely evolved from P. nudicaulis, with P. arctica colonizing the Arctic islands from Beringia after the last glaciation.

*GUTIÉRREZ-FLORES, C1., GARCÍA DE LEÓN, F. J. 1, LEÓN DE LA LUZ, J. L. 1 and COTA-SÁNCHEZ, J.H.2 SP-CP10 1. Laboratorio de Genética para la Conservación, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, S. C. (CIBNOR). Mar Bermejo 195, Col. Playa Palo Santa Rita, La Paz, BCS, México. 2. Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2Canada Genetic diversity and population structure in a columnar cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) with different breeding systems In plants, mating systems can have an important effect on the genetic diversity and population differentiation due to changes on recombination rates among populations (Duminil et al., 2007). Of particular importance is Pachycereus pringlei, Britton and Rose, a columnar cactus for which three breeding systems have been reported along its range of distribution in the southern Sonoran Desert, México (Fleming et al., 1998, Médel-Narvaez, 2008). In this study we contributed to the understanding of the geographical distribution of breeding systems, as well as the genetic pattern of diversity in P. pringlei, based on ten microsatellite markers previously designed by pyrosequencing. Hermaphroditic localities were found at two islands of southern Gulf of California, gynodioecious localities along the coast of Sonora, northern Baja California Peninsula Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

and the east coast of Southern Baja California Peninsula; and, trioecious localities were found mainly along southern peninsula. Observed 49 heterozygosity was moderate to low (mean Ho=0.48) and exhibited a negative correlation with latitude (except by two hermaphroditic islands that showed the lowest values of diversity). A Neighbor-joining showed groups serially nested, consistent with the hypothesis of postglacial south-north colonization of the xeric plants through Baja California. Two genetically differentiated groups were identified by Bayesian clustering analysis and were characterized by possessing different breeding systems (i.e. mostly gynodioecious and trioecious, respectively) suggesting that this life history trait is playing an important role in the evolution of this species.

*HALAT, L., GALWAY, M. and GARBARY, D. PD-CP02 Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia Biofouling epiphytes are removed by asymmetric cell division and apical cell wall detachment in epidermal cells of the marine brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum The rockweed Ascophyllum nodosum is a perennial multicellular marine brown alga commonly found in the mid-intertidal regions along Nova Scotia’s rocky shores. Marine macrophytes employ a variety of strategies to control biofouling (the adhesion and accumulation of epiphytes). Ascophyllum nodosum is one of several species that removes colonizing epiphytes by shedding patches of the epidermis. A simple method for tracking epiphyte density revealed regular cycles in epiphyte accumulation and epidermal shedding that facilitated investigation of this process at the cellular level. Thick sections of fixed and embedded epidermis revealed that epiphyte accumulation is accompanied by thickening of the apical cell walls. Before shedding, neighbouring epidermal cells undergo highly asymmetric, synchronized cell divisions without mitosis that wall off an apical portion of each epidermal cell, trapping a small volume of cytosol between the epiphyte-fouled outer cell wall and the newly synthesized inner cell wall. The basal localization of nuclei and plastids in the epidermal cells keeps them away from the apical cell division site. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of epidermal cells and shed layers supports a model in which the original epiphyte-covered outer cell wall and short side walls then detach completely from the newly-synthesized inner cell wall, exposing and releasing the small volume of cytosol trapped between them. The occasional presence of nucleated cells in shed cell wall layers may result from a failure of the fouled outer cell wall to separate in those cases. Thus Ascophyllum nodosum periodically and effectively removes biofouling epiphytes with minimal loss of cell contents.

HELMER, E. and *MATHEWES, R. EC-P11 Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C. V5A 1S6 High-resolution reconstruction of early postglacial vegetation in southern Haida Gwaii Haida Gwaii has a rich natural history including biological endemism, glacial refugia, rapid sea-level change and early human occupation. Kilgii Gwaay is an archaeological site located in the intertidal zone of Ellen Island in Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve. The site provides evidence for early human occupation and marine adaptation ~10,700 cal yr BP (9400 BP). This study reconstructs the establishment and development of vegetation assemblages following deglaciation by analyzing pollen and other microfossils from buried pond sediments within the archaeological site. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating of plant macrofossils (including seeds of Arctostaphylos) provides an age- depth model for the sediment core, beginning at 14,500 cal yr BP with pollen evidence of a treeless landscape with maximum percentages of herbs and dwarf shrubs. Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Apiaceae, Salix, Artemisia, and Ericales all attain their highest frequencies in the earliest pollen zone, and decline rapidly by approximately 14,000 cal yr BP as Pinus contorta forest expands. Pinus is largely replaced by Picea ~13,300 cal yr BP and Tsuga heterophylla becomes established ~12,400 cal yr BP. Presence of microscopic foraminiferal linings in the upper portion of the record indicate marine transgression due to eustatically rising sea and crustal forebulge collapse. The presence of rare pollen of sand verbena (Abronia cf. latifolia), now extremely rare on Haida Gwaii, is surprising in the cool late-glacial environment of Ellen Island, although its pollen has recently also been confirmed at several other cool early successional fossil localities on Haida Gwaii. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

50 *HIGELIN, M., FENTON, N. and BERGERON, Y. EC-CP11 Institut de Recherche sur la Forêt, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 Boul. de l’Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 5E4, Canada Bryophyte functional traits in black spruce forests of Western Quebec The understory of coniferous boreal forest is dominated by bryophyte communities. Mosses in northern ecosystem are ubiquitous components of plant communities. The bryophyte layer strongly influences soil thermal and hydrological regimes which, in turn, dictate important ecological process such as net primary production, soil temperature, soil moisture, nutrient cycling and decomposition rate. Consequently, it is important to improve our understanding of the functional traits of mosses in order to determine their functional roles. A trait is any measurable morphological, physiological or phenological feature that links the characteristics of the species to ecosystem functions. In this study, seven functional traits of bryophytes related to the effects of mosses on ecosystem processes, such as soil moisture and soil climate have been measured for six species of mosses representing two life forms. We also examined the effect of forest age on these functional traits. Our results indicate that the traits of each species differ resulting in different contributions to ecosystem processes. Both life form and forest age, which equated to different environmental conditions, also had an effect on functional traits. Forest age influenced traits via different species composition, and life form shifts. This preliminary study indicates that functional traits vary among bryophyte species, even within life forms. Consequently the simple classification of the moss layer by life form as is frequently proposed may mask the true effect of mosses on ecosystem function.

*HIGELIN, M., FENTON, N. and BERGERON, Y. EC-P10 Institut de Recherche sur la Forêt, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 Boul. de l’Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 5E4, Canada Influence of the forest composition on the functional traits of the understory in boreal mixed-wood forests Functional traits influence ecosystem properties; they have been shown to be useful in characterizing communities and are a promising complement to the traditional taxonomic approach. The forest understory is an important component of forest biodiversity and plays an important role in maintaining the structure and function of forests. The overstory and understory vegetation of forests interact; however the species composition in boreal forests tends to be very similar among forest types. In this study, we investigate the influence of stand composition on the abundance of functional traits within entire understory communities in the boreal mixed-wood forest of north-western Québec. Four forest composition types were considered: aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and a mixture of balsam-fir Abies( balsamea (l.) Mill.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). Thirteen functional traits in relation to environmental factors were chosen to analyse their abundance in the understory communities of these four stand types. Results indicate that trait abundance in understory communities of aspen and paper birch are similar for many of the traits and most traits were more abundant than in the other stand types. The balsam fir-white spruce stands had the greatest difference from the other stands, with half of the traits less abundant. Results reflected differences in environmental conditions among the stand types. For example, aspen and paper birch stands, as deciduous forests, have similar environmental conditions, such as light and nutrient availability. With these results, we can see how stand composition influences the abundance of functional traits in understory communities, even when species composition varies little.

*HOUR, T., GAGNON, E. and BRUNEAU, A. SP-CP14 Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale and Département de Sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal Ecological niche modeling of Erythrostemon species from the core Poincianella-Erythrostemon group (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) Phylogenetic niche conservatism is the process by which species tend to be more similar ecologically than would be suggested by their phylogenetic relationships. The genus Caesalpinia sens. lat. represents a good model for studying niche conservatism because Caesalpinia species generally are restricted to the succulent biomes in both the Old World and the New World. This restriction to the succulent biome on both continents may be indicative of niche conservatism and in such case, could inform us about the past distribution of dry vegetation types. Within the Caesalpinia Group, we focus on nine Erythrostemon species in the core Poincianella-Erythrostemon group that are distributed primarily in South America and which form a well-supported monophyletic group. The ecological niches of these nine species were compared to asses if niche conservatism occurred in the Andeans region and thus restrained their distribution. Ecological niche modeling was performed with Maxent, various indices, and dispersal through time plots were generated. Preliminary results indicate that in general the ecological niches of the nine species are similar. Although the most important variable characterizing the niches varies, variables related to annual precipitation are important for most of the nine species. If niche conservatism is not ruled out by our analyses, a comparison with other and broader groups within Caesalpinia would be interesting to evaluate niche conservatism consistency across Caesalpinia lineages. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

*JANZEN, F.H.1, STARR, J.R.1,2 and FORD, B.A.3 SP-CP11 51 1. Department of Biology, University of Ottawa; 2. Canadian Museum of Nature; 3. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba Is Carex section Hypolytroides sister to all other species in tribe Cariceae (Cyperaceae)? Among the 2,000 plus species of Cyperaceae tribe Cariceae, Carex sect. Hypolytroides stands out as a morphologically unique group of two Southeast Asian species characterised by compound inflorescences where the lateral inflorescence units are composed of unisexual spikes. The section is also remarkable because it possesses a series of rare vegetative features such as true leafy stems, and grass-like sheathes, ligules, and nodes. A previous phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA ITS and ETS1f sequences could not resolve the section’s relationships, but it suggested that sect. Hypolytroides could represent one of the earliest diverging lineages in Cariceae. In order to resolve the relationships of sect. Hypolytroides, we combined ITS and ETS1f data with three new chloroplast makers, matK, ndhF and rps16. Results provide strong support for the monophyly of the section (100% BS) and suggest sect. Hypolytroides is sister (76% BS) to the Siderostictae Clade (sects. Siderostic- tae, Hemiscaposae, and Surculosae), a small, Southeast Asian clade of morphologically unusual species (wide leaves, pseudolateral culms, infundibuliform bracts) that has been positioned as sister to all other Cariceae in previous tribal analyses. These results suggest that sect. Hypolytroides is amongst the earliest diverging lineages in Cariceae and that a concerted study of its morphology and anatomy could lead to a better understanding of the homology of structures throughout the tribe.

JOLY, S.1,2, *LAMBERT, F.2, ALEXANDRE, H.2 and CLARK, J.3 SP-CP12 1. Jardin botanique de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; 2. Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; 3. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, USA Pollination syndromes and selection constraints on flower shape inGesneria and Rhytidophyllum (Gesneriaceae) Different functional groups of pollinators exert distinct selection pressures on various floral traits that result in adapted displays. The combination of pollinator-related floral traits to which species of independent ancestries converge are called “pollination syndromes”. If the concept of pollination syndromes is not void of controversies, it is nevertheless very useful to understand floral patterns in many groups of angiosperms. We studied the Antillean genera Gesneria and Rhytidophyllum to test two hypotheses: (1) flower shape can be use to identify pollination syndromes in these genera, and (2) there is a stronger constraint on the evolution of floral shape in species pollinated by hummingbirds compared to generalist species because of their increased specialization. We used semi-landmarks geomorphometrics to characterize the floral shape of several species of Rhytidophyllum and Gesneria. A principal component analysis following Procrustes data transformation identified a hummingbird syndrome, but generalist and bat syndromes could not be identified. We then reconstructed a phylogenetic tree, which was used to fit the morphological variation using different evolutionary models. We detected evidence for balancing selection for the hummingbird syndrome but not for the generalist syndrome, confirming the hypothesis that the flower shape of specialists is evolving under stronger evolutionary constraints.

*KILDE, K.1, MASSICOTTE, H.1,2, and SANBORN, P.2 M-CP03 1. Natural Resources and Environmental Studies; 2. Ecosystem Science and Management Program, 2. University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, B.C. V2N 4Z9 Douglas-fir ectomycorrhizal fungi populations of extreme bedrock-derived soils of central British Columbia Ectomycorrhizal (ECM; fungal-root associations) establishment that occurs within extreme soils in serpentine/ultramafic and calcareous landscapes in western Canada is largely unknown. To explore ECM establishment and impacts on plant survival and adaptation to these soils, a greenhouse bioassay was established using soil parent materials with strongly contrasting properties. Soils included (1) ultramafic, characterized by low Ca/Mg ratios and high concentrations of heavy metals (e.g. Ni and Cr), (2) calcareous, characterized by high Ca/Mg ratios and alkaline pH, and (3) soils developed on glacial deposits, which blend materials of diverse lithology. Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga( menziesii var. glauca) was selected as a host tree to assess ECM associations and seedling success. Soils, collected from 6 naturally established Douglas-fir stands (2 per soil type), were homogenized, analyzed for chemical composition, sieved, potted into 262 mL cone-tainers, and planted with one of two cold stratified, locally collected, Douglas-fir seedlots. Greenhouse conditions consisted of 25°C during germination, followed by 22/15°C day:night, and a 16:8 hr light:dark cycle. At 10 months, seedling height, basal diameter and root:shoot mass ratios were assessed to determine growth and biomass allocation. Needles were collected for foliar nutrition assays. Root tips were sampled for ECM identification (using descriptive morphology), followed by DNA sequencing. Seedling emergence, survival and growth, soil analysis, and preliminary ECM population data are presented. This study will increase our understanding of how soils with strongly contrasting chemical properties impact ECM fungal communities and related growth adaptive traits of conifers, specifically, interior Douglas-fir near its northern limits. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

52 LALIBERTÉ, S. T-P01 Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal Strengthening and evaluating scientific integration, mastery of biological concepts and communication skills using simulation of a professional situation An integrative, 1 credit activity in the PBL (Problem Based Learning) B.Sc. biology curriculum at UQAM is scheduled at the end of the first semester. Consisting of an application for a position offered in biology, it requires students to submit a CV and cover letter and to participate in a simulated job interview. During the interview, applicants are confronted with realistic, situational exercises to be addressed using biological concepts acquired during the previous semester. Objectives of this activity are manyfold. They aim to strengthen and evaluate students’ level of integration of scientific knowledge, their mastery of biological concepts, their communication skills (oral and written) and their ability to manage stress, in the context of a professional reality. Before submitting their cover letter and CV, students participate in a workshop given by an employment counsellor. They are presented with current strategies on how to write effective CVs and letters in order to fulfill requirements of different categories of jobs/employers and how to take advantage of tools such as Facebook and LinkedIn to access or create a professional network. In addition to developing their scientific and communication skills, students thus learn to manage opportunities and professional issues more efficiently. This increases their chances of success when applying for practica and student jobs as well as regular positions once they will have graduated.

*LEUNG, S.H.1,2 and GILLESPIE, L.J.1,2 SP-CP08 1. Department of Biology, University of Ottawa; 2. Research and Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature Elucidating the phylogeny of the Minuartia rossii complex in Arctic North America using a combination of morphological and molecular analysis The most recent treatment of the Minuartia rossii complex (Caryophyllaceae) recognizes three distinct species: M. rossii, M. elegans and M. austromontana. However, these taxa are often difficult to distinguish and previous treatments have considered them as varieties or subspecies. This study uses principle components analysis of qualitative and quantitative morphological characters as well as maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis of chloroplast intergenic spacer trnH-psbA and trnC-rpoB sequences to re-evaluate the taxonomy and relationships of the two Arctic species M. rossii and M. elegans. Our results show that recognition of these taxa at the specific level is supported by morphological but not molecular data. Conflicts between morphological and molecular data where the geographical ranges of the taxa overlap suggest the possibility of hybridization and backcrossing. In the principal components analyses qualitative characters were more useful than quantitative characters in separating the species Heavier weighting of vegetative than reproductive morphological characters suggests that vegetative characters may be more useful for identification than reproductive characters.Minuartia rossii was found to be less morphologically and genetically variable than M. elegans, which may reflect its distribution in more northern and high-Arctic regions.

MACK, J.-L.K., and *DAVIS, A.R. PD-P04 Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Development, structure and function of the floral nectary spur ofCentranthus ruber (Valerianaceae) Nectar spurs are hollow, tubular outgrowths of the floral perianth that have led to specialized interactions with pollinators, often leading to speciation. In flowers ofCentranthus ruber commonly visited by butterflies, the spur not only conceals, but also produces, its nectar. Although spurs are well known in angiosperms, few studies have investigated the cellular basis for spur initiation and elongation. Thus, spur growth in C. ruber was studied by light, SEM, TEM and confocal microscopy. Results did not accord with a classical meristem hypothesis, but instead showed that after a brief period involving numerous diffuse cell divisions at spur initiation and early in formation, the spur’s final length (4.5 mm) was achieved by a prolonged period of cell elongation wherein further cell divisions were rarely encountered. A row of unicellular glandular trichomes that elaborated thick labyrinthine outer walls - reminiscent of transfer cells - secreted nectar along the spur’s length. The nectar’s sucrose-dominant composition remained markedly constant for the 4-5 days of floral longevity. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

MANJUNATHA, B.L.1,2, *DAYANANDAN, S.3,5, STORMS, R.3, RAVIKANTH, G.2,4 and UMA SHAANKER, R.1,2,4 SP-P05 53 1. Department of Crop Physiology and 2. School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India; 3. Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics and Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec; 4. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Bangalore, India; 5Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, Montreal, Quebec. In-silico analysis of cis-acting regulatory regions of candidate genes involved in the Camptothecin biosynthetic in N. nimmoniana (Icacinaceae) Several semi-synthetic drugs derived from the monoterpene indole alkaloid, Camptothecin (CPT) are in clinical use against ovarian, small lung and refractory ovarian cancers. Among various plants reported to produce CPT, the highest concentration is found in Nothapodytes nimmoniana. The CPT biosynthetic pathway in plants is only partially characterized, and the molecular regulation of CPT biosynthesis in N. nimmoniana remains unknown. In the present study, through genome walking, upstream regulatory sequences of four candidate genes namely, NnPG10H, NnPCPR, NnPSLS and NnPSTR were cloned. In-silico analysis was performed using PLACE, PLANTcare and PlantPAN databases to identify putative key regulatory motifs found on promoter regions. In addition to a number of motifs identified for basal transcription, several putative regulatory motifs were also identified in the upstream regulatory sequences. These included motifs related to light responsive elements (LREs), pathogenesis related (PR), tissue specific (seeds/fruits) and SA-inducible elements. All four promoters were found to have eight common cis- acting elements namely, MAD/AP1, ZFHD, POLLEN, DOF, G-box, WRKY and SEF4 on their upstream regulatory sequences. These results suggests that, a number of regulatory motifs binding to respective transcription factors would regulate the flux of precursors involved in CPT biosynthesis. Further, functional characterization of these putative upstream sequences/promoters will provide insights into understanding the transcriptional cascade of events involved in regulation of CPT biosynthetic machinery.

*MATHEWES1, R.W., HUNTLEY1, M.J.W., CLAGUE J.J.2 and LIAN, O.B.3 EC-CP05 1. Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6; 2. Simon Fraser University, Department of Earth Sciences, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6; 3. University of the Fraser Valley, Department of Geography, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8 Pollen, spores and paleoecology of a probable Early Wisconsinan tundra environment on Haida Gwaii Considerable research has been done on the vegetation history prior to and following the last (Fraser or late Wisconsinan) glaciation on Haida Gwaii (former Queen Charlotte Islands) but little is known of plant communities prior to the Middle Wisconsinan (MIS3). A pre-Fraser glacial advance, recorded by a lodgement till that is beyond the radiocarbon dating range (>51 ka) is exposed at Cape Ball on eastern Graham Island. On top of this till are fine sediments containing organic stringers and a thin compacted peat that we analyzed for pollen and spores. Two exposures and 11 spot samples of sediment or peat were sampled. The samples are dominated (93-99%) by non-arboreal pollen primarily Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and Ericales, with abundant other indicators of cold and open conditions. Notable in some samples are unusually high values of Koenigia islandica, and high values of Artemisia and other Asteraceae pollen. Although not particularly abundant, the presence of Polygonum bistortoides, Polemonium species, and Armeria pollen is consistent with a tundra environment. An unexpected find was pollen of Abronia, a rare plant of coastal beaches, now restricted to a single locality on Haida Gwaii. Another surprise was abundant coprophilous fungal spores (Sporormiella and Sordaria-type) and fruitifactions at one site, associated with the alga Botryococcus whose presence suggests standing water. The evidence suggests that the site was a watering hole for grazing herbivores where feces accumulated and were colonized by coprophilous fungi.

*MCKECHNIE, I.M. and SARGENT, R.D. M-CP04 1. Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5 Below the surface: Do mycorrhizal associations influence pollination in lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)? Like many Ericaceous plants, Vaccinium angustifolium (lowbush blueberry) host ericoid mycorrhizal associations, both under managed and natural field conditions. Recent studies have revealed that mycorrhizal associations may play an important role in plant reproductive biology, including pollination, through increased floral displays and floral attractants. Given that all previous work in this field has examined arbuscular mycorrhizas, we set out to determine whether similar relationships existed for ericoid mycorrhizas. We examined 12 managed lowbush blueberry fields in the area of Neguac, NB to assess levels of mycorrhizal colonization, pollen production, floral display, and reproductive success. Relationships between these variables were determined using a structural equation modelling framework. Despite varying levels of mycorrhizal colonization between fields, we were unable to detect any relationships between mycorrhizal colonization and pollen production, floral display, or reproductive success. Interestingly, we did not find any non-mycorrhizal plants among our samples (n=208). Future comparisons between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants may prove useful to detect relationships between mycorrhizal presence and pollination. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

54 *MCNEIL, R. M-CP07 Cercle des Mycologues de Montréal, Jardin botanique de Montréal Protection de la mycodiversité et inventaires mycologiques au Québec Après les animaux, incluant les insectes, les champignons occupent, selon les modèles de prédiction, le deuxième rang parmi les vivants les plus diversifiés. On estime que le patrimoine fongique global comprend entre 500 000 et quelque 5,1 millions d’espèces. Cependant, le chiffre conservateur le plus largement accepté est de l’ordre 1,5 millions d’espèces, ce qui correspond à environ 6 fois le nombre de plantes terrestres connues et entre 10 et 20% de toutes les espèces d’organismes vivants. En dépit de leur nombre et de leur diversité, les champignons attirent peu l’attention et constituent, dans plusieurs régions du monde, un « règne oublié». Les listes de champignons dressées par les cercles ou clubs de mycologues amateurs sur un intervalle d’une trentaine d’années montrent que certaines espèces du Québec ne fructifient que très rarement et sont, de ce fait, très rares. Ces espèces sont en danger de disparition à l’échelle régionale, pas tellement par la cueillette commerciale de champignons, mais davantage par la destruction de leurs habitats spécifiques. Si on fait exception des états et provinces des Montagnes Rocheuses, les listes d’espèces en péril se limitent aux plantes vasculaires et aux animaux. Toutes les autres régions de l’Amérique, le Québec inclus, affichent sur ce plan un retard considérable comparé aux pays d’Europe. En ce qui concerne le Québec, une première ébauche de liste rouge pourrait être complétée par des inventaires mycologiques équidistants dans le temps, e.g. une fois par semaine, à des sites déterminés.

*METSGER, D.A. SP-CP20 Green Plant Herbarium, Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6 Herbaria and Citizen Science – A Two Way Street Many institutions and organizations devoted to the documentation of biodiversity are developing programs under the rubric of citizen science as a way of promoting their cause, engaging and involving their publics and generating support. Bioblitzes, Friends groups, Monitoring Pro- grams, Crowd-sourcing all provide venues for including private citizens in the collection or processing of scientific data. The success of these initiatives, and the satisfaction of the citizens involved, depends on the rigour with which the data is collected and employed. The ROM’s Green Plant Herbaium is currently participating in, and learning from, several different sorts of citizen science initiatives. The Ontario Bioblitz has provided an opportunity to sculpt a program that documents biodiversity in a scientifically valid manner while simultaneously providing a venue for public outreach, education and promotion. Trees for Toronto, uses the resources of the herbarium to lend authoritative information to local stewardship efforts. Finally, a long-term collaboration with the Kawartha Lakes Field Naturalists is being used to build a citizen science model for the production of a specimen-based regional flora in the hopes that it will inspire a provincial flora project.

MITROW, G.¹, *CATLING, P.M.², CAYOUETTE, J.², MACKLIN, J.A.², SMITH, T.² and WARD, A.² SP-P04 1. Biodiversity and Collections; 2. Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada Preventing humidity and direct water damage in a dried plant collection (DAO) Increased humidity in an herbarium, or any dried collection, can result from natural causes, flooding, leakage, malfunction of dehumidifier or climate control systems and changes to parts of a building that result in increased moisture accumulation. A first step in dealing with potential water problems is a risk assessment. Leakage and flooding can result in direct damage by wetting specimens leading to destruction of tissues as well as vastly increasing problems associated with high humidity. The risk of the latter includes chemical, biological and mechanical deterioration and health hazards. Recent authors and herbarium risk assessments have called for 40% relative humidity (RH) and none recommends over 60%. Less than 40% RH may lead to brittleness. Molds such as Erotium herbariorum can grow within a range of 72-85% RH. This damages material and human exposure to molds can cause allergies, infection and irritation. Even if humidity levels are below the threshold of growth of molds, higher levels may still facilitate damage by insect pests. Chemical deterioration is equivalent to natural aging and its rate increases under conditions of higher humidity, so any increase above the preferred level is harmful. Mechanical stress occurs when water absorption changes size and shape leading to cracking, splitting and warping as a result of RH fluctuations. Most of these threats were identified in the DAO collection. In particular overhead water pipes were a major concern. The solution included installation of a new cooling system without water pipes. High efficiency dehumidifiers were also installed and humidity levels monitored. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

*MOUSSAOUI, L.¹, FENTON, N.J.¹, LEDUC, A. ² and BERGERON, Y. ¹,² EC-P12 55 1. Chaire en Aménagement Forestier Durable, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Québec, Canada; 2. Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada. Characterization of residual islands post-fire in the black spruce forest of north-western Quebec In the black spruce forests of north-western Quebec, burned areas usually include tree patches that have partially or entirely escaped the fire. These post-fire patches, “residual islands”, are potentially important for maintaining biodiversity, regardless of their size. In order to preserve them, we need to better understand the specific characteristics of their internal and edge habitat. What are the factors responsible for the variation in their characteristics: the time since the last fire or the age of the trees in the residual island? Or, are both factors equally responsible? In this study, we have compared the characteristics of 31 residual post-fire islands (living basal area, the abundance of woody debris and snag density) and two factors that could explain different residual structures were identified (time since fire, age of forest). Two main results follow from the analysis: (1) living basal area in residual islands is positively correlated with time since fire; (2) the density of snags increases with the age of the residual island which is given by the oldest tree. So, our results show the importance of the two factors, time since fire and age of the residual forest. Knowledge of the factors influencing forest structures of post-fire islands could direct the practices of forest retention to keep the residual post-harvest islands with similar characteristics, in the black spruce forests of western Quebec. However, to complete this study, we should compare the specific characteristics of residual islands with those of the continuous forest that have a similar age.

*OTFINOWSKI, R.1 and SILVA-OPPS, M.2 T-P02 1. Faculty of Science, University of Prince Edward Island, Current Address: Lakeland College, Vermilion, AB; 2. Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island. Writing towards a scientific identity: moving from prescriptive to reflective writing in undergraduate biology Analytical writing enhances retention of science learning and is integral to student-centred classrooms. Despite this, scientific writing in undergraduate programs is often presented as a series of sentence-level conventions of grammar, syntax, and citation formats, reinforcing students’ perceptions of its highly prescriptive nature. We designed our research to transform students’ perceptions of scientific writing using a semester- long, student-centred activity, focused on documenting research and reflecting on learning through writing in an upper-level class in biology. We accompanied our activity, “The Amazing World of Vertebrates: A Curiosity Project”, with surveys, comprised of open-ended questions and scaled responses, to assess changes in student perceptions of scientific writing. Results of surveys (n=41) suggest that students perceive writing as prescriptive rather than reflective. For example, compared with their perception of the methods section, which most students identified as key in describing procedures, a high number of students did not believe that a discussion section should report discrepancies with existing literature or point out shortcomings of research. Our results suggest that teaching science students to think critically and challenge existing knowledge through writing may require explicit models to help them build these high level cognitive skills.

*PACÉ M.1,2, FENTON N.1,2, BERGERON Y.1,2 and PARÉ D.3 EC-P13 1. Industrial Chair CRSNG-UQAT-UQAM in sustainable forest management; 2. Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue; 3. Canadian Forest Service, Centre de foresterie des Laurentides Boreal forest: effects of canopy opening on the relationship between trees and the cryptogam layer In the boreal forest, forest productivity can vary strongly in time and space. In some conditions, a forest can move from a productive state to a stable alternative state that is not commercially productive. This productivity transition occurs especially on sites with extreme conditions of drainage: poorly drained sites subject to paludification and strongly drained sites on coarse-grain deposits. In each case, during the transition there is an expansion and a shift in the composition of the moss/lichen layer. Feather mosses are replaced by Sphagnum mosses on poorly drained sites, and by lichens on excessively drained sites. The objective of this project is to explore the role of the moss/lichen layer in productivity transitions, and to understand the effects of canopy opening on the relationship between trees and cryptogams. First, we will determine the link between the degree of canopy opening and the abundance/composition of the moss/lichen layer via sampling in the boreal forest of Nord-du-Québec. Then, we will undertake numerous experiments to explore the relationship between trees and the moss/lichen layer and the way this relationship is affected by artificial canopy closure. Finally, the third part of this project will be based on existing data on the effects of thinning in Canadian boreal forest and will aim to determine the conditions where canopy opening via thinning will favour the expansion of the moss/lichen layer at the expense of the young trees. Among others, this project contributes to the improvement of forestry techniques towards more sustainable forest management. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

56 *POLCZ, C., and WATERWAY, M. EC-CP06 McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Effects of forest fragmentation on Carex leptonervia communities The fragmentation of natural habitats is a defining issue of rural and urban development in southern Quebec. As natural forest habitat is reduced and subdivided into smaller, more isolated patches, environmental conditions are altered, plant population sizes become smaller, and species dispersal may be reduced. In this study, we assessed how habitat fragmentation impacts plant species diversity at two scales in the Monteregie. We assessed overall species richness in 20 forest patches exhibiting both a range in size (1.7-2175ha) and connectivity. Within each forest, we also measured species diversity of the plant community associated with Carex leptonervia by centering seven 4m² quadrats on focal C. leptonervia plants. We addressed the following specific questions. What are the important landscape metrics in predicting species diversity in a fragmented environment? Are more diverse C. leptonervia communities found in more diverse forest patches? Does the niche of C. leptonervia change across the landscape? In concordance with other studies, species richness at the forest patch level showed a strong correlation with patch area, but not with connectivity. Species diversity of individual quadrats did not show any correlation with patch area, connectivity, patch species diversity, or soil characteristics (pH, soil texture). However, when quadrats were pooled across each site, more diverse focal communities were significantly correlated with more diverse forest patches. This finding suggests that species pool diversity is important in maintaing the diversity of communities at smaller scales of observation. There were minimal compositional differences in the Carex-associated community across all sites, suggesting that fragmentation does not drastically alter the niche of Carex leptonervia.

*QADERI, M.M.1 and REID, D.M.2 EC-P14 1. Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University; 2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary Aerobic methane emissions from plant reproductive parts: A preliminary study

Aerobic methane (CH4) emission from plant vegetative parts has been confirmed by many studies. However, the origin of aerobic CH4 from plants and its emission from reproductive parts have not been well documented. We determined the effects of developmental stages and incubation conditions on methane emissions from stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense) capsules. Plants were grown in a controlled-environment walk-in growth chamber under a temperature regime of 22/18 °C (16 h day/8 h night) and a relative humidity of 60%. Plants were watered

daily to field capacity throughout the experiment. We measured CH4 emission from capsules that were harvested at three developmental stages (early, middle, late) and incubated under three light conditions (photosynthetic photon flux density of 0, 5 and 160 µmol -2m s-1) for two hours. A gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector was used to measure methane emission rates (ng g-1 dw h-1) from detached

capsules. We found differences in CH4 emissions from capsules among developmental stages as well as among incubation conditions. Methane emission was highest for the late harvested capsules and for those incubated under lower light condition. Our results also showed a significant

negative correlation between CH4 emission and capsule moisture content. We suggest that CH4 emissions can increase with capsule age at lower light intensity.

*ROBSON, D.B. EC-CP01 Research, Collections and Exhibits, The Manitoba Museum Insect visitors to the rare silky prairie-clover (Dalea villosa) plant In Canada, silky prairie-clover (Dalea villosa (Nutt.) Spreng var. villosa) is a nationally rare plant, growing only in sand dunes in Saskat- chewan and Manitoba. Previous research indicates that this species is incapable of self-pollination, making it dependent on insect pollinators for successful reproduction. The insect visitor community to D. villosa in Spruce Woods Provincial Park (SWPP), Manitoba, was documented and compared with that of 13 co-flowering plants that share some of its insect visitors. In total, 29 insect taxa were observed feeding on nectar or pollen from D. villosa. Hymenoptera were the most frequent visitors, comprising 60.7% of the taxa and making 93.5% of all visits. The visitation rate per stem to D. villosa (0.0042 stems・min–1) was the second highest of all of the plants with which it was compared. The insect visitor diversity was 4.0 (Simpson’s reciprocal index), and the constancy index was 0.72. The high visitation rate, diversity, and constancy to this species may be due to a lack of competition for pollinators. Over half of the insect visitor taxa (54%) and visits (68%) were by omnivorous insects, as opposed to herbivorous ones. This means that there is interconnectivity between a mutualistic network involving D. villosa and several antagonistic networks. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

*SAARELA, J.M.1, BULL, R.D.1, PETERSON, P.M.2, SORENG, R.J.2 and PASZKO, B.3 SP-CP15 57 1. Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, ON; 2. Dept. of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA; 3. W Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland Phylogenetic relationships among the genera and tribes of the ‘Aveneae-type plastid DNA’ grasses (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae) The “Aveneae-type plastid DNA clade” of the grass tribe Poeae comprises six subtribes (Agrostidinae, Aveninae, Brizinae, Koeleriinae, Phalarid- inae, Torreyochloinae) and more than 40 genera, including several that occur natively in Canada (Agrostis, Ammophila, Calamagrostis, Koeleria, Polygon, Sphenopholis, Trisetum). Multiple aspects of relationship among and within the other subtribes remain equivocal, or conflict with current generic circumscriptions. Clarification of the circumscription of the polyphyletic Calamagrostis (incl. Deyeuxia), whose species are distributed globally, is a major outstanding problem in grass taxonomy. Here, we report the results of phylogenetic analyses of these subtribes, based on new sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal regions (ITS, ETS) and multiple plastid regions, focussing on Agros- tidinae and Koeleriinae. Sampled species of Deyeuxia sect. Stylagrostis from South America are grossly misclassified in Deyeuxia; they are part of the distantly-related Deschampsia clade (subtribe Holcinae). Koeleriinae includes Gaudinia, a Koeleria and Trisetum sect. Trisetaera lineage, a Trisetum sect. Trisetum (incl. Graphephorum) lineage, Avellinia, Rostraria, Trisetum subg. Deschampsiodes (i.e., Mexican Trise- tum species), Mexican Calamagrostis species, Sphenopholis, Peyritschia, Leptophyllochloa, and most sampled species of Calamagrostis/ Deyeuxia from South America. Agrostidinae includes Agrostis, Lachnagrostis, Polypogon, Dichelachne, Ammophila and species of Cala- magrostis/Deyeuxia from North America north of Mexico, Eurasia, Australia, and a few species from Ecuador and Guatemala. The type species of Deyeuxia and Calamagrostis are closely-related Eurasian species that are part of the Agrostidinae lineage, thus these genera should be treated as synonyms. Mexican and most South American species of Calamagrostis/Deyeuxia require a new genus.

*SCHWINGHAMER, T., SOULEIMANOV, A., DUTILLEUL, P. and SMITH, D. PD-CP03 McGill University, Macdonald campus, Department of Plant Science Novel plant growth regulator lipo-chitooligosaccharide (LCO) can enhance the germination of canola (Brassica napus [L.]) cultivars Polo and Topas In the agricultural environments where canola (Brassica napus) is grown, slow germination can increase the susceptibility of seedlings to pathogens, delay maturity, and decrease yield. Bacterial products that enhance germination have been identified for a variety of plants. Three signal molecules were investigated: Bradyrhizobium japonicum 532C product lipo-chitooligosaccharide (LCO), Bacillus thuringiensis NEB17 product thuricin 17, and chitopentaose, which is the undecorated chitin backbone of LCO. Gompertz functions were estimated and used for inferences regarding the signal, cultivar-by-temperature, and signal-by-temperature effects on 6 cultivars (02C3, 02C6, 04C111, 04C204, Polo, and Topas). 10-6 M LCO was found to increase Polo germination by 75.0 %, during the 5 to 15 growing degree day period. Such early B. napus germination can, under field conditions, increase canopy coverage and yield. Further experimentation with the other experimental cultivars discerned an improvement in the germination of Topas, following treatment with LCO, under ideal (24 h 25 °C) and abiotic stress (24 h 10 °C) growing conditions, as compared to Polo and 04C204. The response to LCO was discernable for Polo under AOSA (1993) standard temperature conditions, and for Topas when considered across temperature conditions in comparison to Polo and 04C204.

*SIGURDSON, D., NORTHMORE, J.A., SCHOOR, S., and CHUONG, S.D.X. PD-P06 Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Optimizing an efficient regeneration protocol for TDZ-derived shoots ofBienertia sinuspersici, a single-cell C4 terrestrial plant

Bienertia sinuspersici is one of four members of the Chenopodiaceae family that perform C4 photosynthesis in individual chlorenchyma cells. Previously, our lab developed a method for the regeneration of Bienertia sinuspersici via indirect organogenesis. Thidiazuron (TDZ) was successful at inducing shoot formation from stem-derived callus. Although this method was capable of regenerating complete plants, the shoot elongation and rooting steps had a low efficiency. Our overall goal has been to improve the efficiency of the regeneration method by focusing on the selection of appropriate shoot material during the multiplication step. The selection of healthy shoots based on several characteristics of stem and leaf morphology appears to be critical for improving the efficiency of in vitro regeneration ofBienertia sinuspersici. Subsequent

treatment of healthy shoots with media containing gibberellic acid (GA3) resulted in marked increase in shoot length. Current experiments are examining the effects of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on adventitious root formation in these elongated shoots. A reliable method for the regeneration B. sinuspersici is essential for future studies aimed at elucidating the genetic and cellular mechanisms controlling the develop-

ment of single-cell C4 photosynthesis. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

58 SINGH, S.1,2,5,6, VASANTHAKUMARI, M.M.1, GURUMURTHY, B.R.3, RAVIKANTH, G.4, *DAYANANDAN, S.5,6, STORMS, R.5, SHIVANNA, M.B.2 and SHAANKER, R.U.1,4 M-CP09 1. School of Ecology and Conservation and Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India; 2. Department of Applied Botany, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga, India; 3. Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Shimoga, India; 4. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Bangalore, India; 5. Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics and Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec; 6. Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, Montreal, Quebec. Endophytic fungal diversity in the anticancer alkaloid producing plant Nothapodytes nimmoniana (Icacinaceae) in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot in India Nothapodytes nimmoniana is a small tree distributed along a 1,600 km mountain range in the Western Ghats in Southern India, and serves as a source of anti-cancer alkaloid, camptothecine (CPT). Some of the endophytic fungi isolated from this plant also produce camptothecine in-vitro. In this study, we examined the diversity and distribution of endophytes of N. nimmoniana along its entire distributional range. The leaf and stem of N. nimmoniana were sampled from 18 sites along the Western Ghats spanning 8° to 18° N latitude. Endophytes were recovered from all sites with the colonization frequency ranging from 0 to 52 %. One hundred and four endophytes isolates were recovered from 118 plants and characterized both morphologically and by sequencing the internally transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the nuclear rDNA gene. The fungal isolates belonged to 45 species; (44 Ascomycetes and one Basidiomycetes). Fusarium and Hypoxylon were the most predominant genera comprising over half of the total isolates. The CPT producing endophytes were not restricted to any specific clade. We discuss these results in the context of the importance of endophytic fungi as possible sources of plant secondary metabolites.

SINGH, S.N.1, MEHROKE, J.2 and *SINGH, S.2 PD-P07 1. Burnaby South Secondary School, Burnaby, B.C; 2. Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. Hormonal regulation of growth, chlorophyll and protein levels and the net photosynthesis rate in green bean plants Plant hormones are known to regulate the growth and developmental processes in plants. However, the role of hormonal interactions in regulating specific growth and developmental processes in green bean Phaseolus( vulgaris L) plants is not clear. Plant hormones, gibberellic

acid (GA3), zeatin (Z), 6-benzylamino purine (BAP), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), were applied either singly or in combination, and with or without the fertilizer mixture to nine days old bean seedlings. The effects of these treatments on stem and leaf growth, the chlorophyll and

protein levels, and the net photosynthesis rate were measured 3 and 9 days after hormone treatments. GA3 in the presence of the fertilizer mixture (NPK 20-20-20 and bone meal) was the most effective treatment in enhancing the stem height and the leaf length and width. Among

hormone combinations, a mixture of GA3 and cytokinin (BAP or Z) with and without the fertilizer mixture also enhanced the bean stem height. Cytokinin (BAP or Z) treatments increased the chlorophyll levels compared to other treatments. Cytokinin (BAP or Z) either alone or in combi-

nation with GA3 significantly enhanced the net photosynthesis rate of green bean plants. The BAP-treated green bean leaves showed higher levels of the ribulose-1,5-bis phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and the light-harvesting complex protein (LHC) than the control. Our results show that plant hormones, especially cytokinins and gibberellic acid play an important role in enhancing growth and photosynthesis in green bean plants. This project is a part of the education outreach initiative of the Botany department, University of British Columbia.

* SOKOLOFF, P.C. and BULL, R.D. T-P03 Canadian Museum of Nature, Botany Section, Research and Collections, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, ON, K1P 6P4, Canada In situ Arctic Botany Education: methods for teaching plant taxonomy on Arctic Youth expeditions Experiential education can be an invaluable tool for museum-based learning, where students are encouraged to participate in the learning process through activities and interactive content, complementing the static content of panels and displays. By extension, through museum staff embedded in youth education expeditions, the expertise of museum researchers can greatly enhance field-based experiential education. In July 2013 the authors embarked on two different arctic youth expeditions: the Arctic Watch 2013 Steve Amarualik Youth Leadership Expedi- tion to Somerset Island (Nunavut), and the Students on Ice Arctic Youth Expedition 2013 to Greenland and Baffin Island (Nunavut). While both authors acted as botany educators and natural history guides, the teaching methodology for each trip was slightly different. The Arctic Watch Lodge programme followed a “scientist-in-residence” model, where student education took place through participation in a scientific research project. The Students on Ice educational programme was delivered through field excursions and hands on-labs. Both approaches relied heavily on student engagement and self-motivation, and both programmes were successful in teaching basic arctic botany skills to the participants. The two approaches used to teach in situ arctic botany are discussed, as well as the importance of experiential learning in natural history education. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

*SOKOLOFF, P.C.1, GILLESPIE, L.J.1 and CHAPMAN, C.C.1,2 SP-CP16 59 1. Canadian Museum of Nature, Botany Section, Research and Collections, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, ON, K1P 6P4, Canada; 2. University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, Gendron Hall, Room 160, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa ON, K1N 6N5, Canada Hey, you stole my chloroplast! Introgression between two Canadian Arctic Louseworts Two largely allopatric Canadian arctic lousewort species – Pedicularis hirsuta and Pedicularis langsdorffii subsp. arctica (Orobanchaceae) have long been thought to hybridize and form morphological intermediates where their ranges overlap in the High Arctic. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a combined morphological and molecular analysis of the taxonomic boundaries of these two species, with a particular focus on where they are sympatric on Ellesmere, Axel Heiberg, Devon, and Banks Islands (NU, NT). Multivariate analysis of 31 morphological characters from ~100 herbarium specimens support these/the two taxa as distinct, and did not uncover evidence of morphologically intermediate individuals. Phylogenetic analysis of the nrDNA ITS region also separates these two taxa, indicating that they are distinct sister groups. Chloroplast DNA atpI-atpH sequences from these same individuals, however, indicate that 34% of the sampled P. langsdorffii subsp. arctica possess the same haplotype as P. hirsuta, and only where these species come into contact. The misplaced chloroplast in what otherwise is “good” P. langsdorffiisubsp. arctica provides strong evidence for introgression between the two species: these two taxa hybridized at some point in the past, and these hybrid offspring backcrossed with P. langsdorffii subsp. arctica, forming stable lineages with misplaced chloroplasts.

*STEEVES, R. and BRUNEAU, A. SP-CP17 Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale and Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal A fast and frugal method for the isolation of chloroplast DNA from genomic extracts Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology have greatly facilitated the collection of multi-locus nucleotide data. To date most investigators have used home-made or commercial oligonucleotide probes to selectively purify multiple loci via hybrid-capture for NGS. Limitations of such enrichment methods are that they require substantial a priori knowledge of target sequences and genome organization as well as considerable investments of time and money. Methods exist to selectively purify chloroplasts but are laborious and require large amounts of fresh tissue. We present a novel, rapid and cost effective method of separating chloroplast genomes from whole genomic DNA extracts. This cost-effective method enables PCR-free preparation of NGS libraries for the assembly of highly accurate plastid genomes for molecular investigations of non-model plant taxa such as members of the Leguminosae that we used to test this method.

*STEFANI F.O.P.1, MEGARBANÉ, L., LEBEUF, R., LAMOUREUX, Y. and ARCHAMBAULT, R.1 M-P01 1. Centre sur la biodiversité de l’Université de Montréal, Jardin Botanique de Montréal DNA barcoding of Boletales collections hosted in the Biodiversity Centre Fungarium The Biodiversity Centre Fungarium hosts 406 collections of Boletales from Quebec, representing 30 genera and 131 species, identified by morphological characters. Thanks to financial support from the Cercle des mycologues de Montréal, DNA barcoding of these collections was undertaken. Total genomic DNA was isolated from the 406 collections and ITS 1 and 2 were amplified. Positive amplifications were obtained for 338 collections (83%) while clean ITS sequences were obtained for 251 collections (62%). Using a similarity threshold of 98%, the 251 ITS sequences clustered into 116 OTUs. About half of the collections were correctly identified, i.e. the collection names from the morphological identification were congruent with the names recovered from querying the GenBank public database with the ITS sequences. A quarter of the collections were misidentified and another quarter of the taxa had no representatives in GenBank. The taxonomic identification based on the ITS sequence analysis showed that the Boletales collections are mostly dominated by the genera Boletus (34%), Suillus (14%) and Leccinum (9%). The analysis of the rarefaction curve showed that Boletales diversity was not saturated. Results from this DNA barcoding project show the importance of systematic DNA sequencing from fungarium collections for curating misidentified collections, for building better reference databases, and for discovering yet undescribed fungal species. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

60 STEPHENS, D.T., and *DAVIS, A.R. PD-P05 Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Structure and function of floral nectaries and poricidal anthers of the buzz-pollinated species, Vaccinium myrtilloides and V. vitis-idaea (Ericaceae) Flowers of species reliant on “buzz-pollination” to yield fruit must be rapidly vibrated (causing an audible “buzz”) by large foraging insects such as bumble bees (Bombus spp.), leading to pollen escape from the tips of poricidal anthers. This study of pollination of Vaccinium in central Saskatchewan showed that these two native species produced floral nectar from an annular nectary surrounding the style base. Nec- taries had diminutive vascular traces and modified stomata on the surface. As flowers aged, files of sclerenchyma cells began to differentiate from some of the nectary parenchyma, an unusual feature. Poricidal anthers were functionally bisporangiate, lacked an endothecium, and possessed hollow, apical tubular appendages typically just a single cell layer thick. Mature pollen grains were released as tetrads. In the field, Bombus spp. that sonicated virgin flowers led to greater pollen quantities on the stigma than corresponding flowers that were not vibrated.

*STEVENS, K., HO, A. and COSTEA, M. EC-CP03 Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON. Biology, habitat requirements, and distribution of Sida hermaphrodita (Virginia Mallow) at the Taquanyah Conservation Area, Haldimand County, Ontario Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita) is a perennial herb in Malvaceae often found in riparian habitats. In Canada S. hermaphrodita is considered an endangered species and is known from only two populations, both in Ontario. To further an understanding of the biology and ecology of S. hermphrodita and address priority areas highlighted in the “Recovery Strategy for the Virginia Mallow (Sida hermaphrodita) in Ontario” our goals were to 1) assess the potential for vegetative propagation and identify tissues involved in the lateral spread of S. hermaphrodita and 2) identify restrictions to the spread of S. hermaphrodita beyond existing population boundaries. An anatomical assessment of field-collected tissues indicated that the lateral spread of S. hermaphrodita was facilitated by the formation of shoot buds on horizontal roots rather than by rhizomes or stolons. While attempts to vegetatively propagate S. hermaphrodita using stem sections were largely inef- fectual, sections of horizontal roots with shoot buds readily formed new plants. There were no significant differences inS. hermaphrodita seed germination in soils obtained from beneath existing S. hermaphrodita populations, beneath populations of Phragmites australis or from areas lacking S. hermaphrodita and P. australis. Total fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and root fresh weight, leaf surface area and root length were significantly greater in seedlings grown in soils obtained from P. australis populations compared to other sites. Our results indicate vegetative propagation is possible using root sections containing shoot buds. Furthermore, the lack of an effect of soil origin on germination and seedling establishment suggests a capacity for S. hermaphrodita to establish beyond existing population boundaries.

*WATERS, I. T-CP02 University of Manitoba Canadian Editions of American Textbooks: Upsides and Risks National editions of American textbooks have become increasingly common in ecology and biology. Having recently completed a Canadian edition of a long-standing American ecology textbook, I consider the upsides and risks of this growing practice. The appeal of country-specific editions is obvious. In the past, instructors at Canadian universities typically used American textbooks that had few if any examples from the Canadian context. Students felt unconnected to the material, and instructors had to explain why maps stopped at the Canadian border. Similar problems arise when Québec instructors use textbooks from France, or translations of American or British textbooks. Despite the obvious pedagogical advantages, difficulties arise. (1) Students may receive too limited a perspective. Ecosystems know no boundaries and in righting the wrongs of a border-limited perspective, there is a risk of replacing one set of restrictions with another. (2) There may be sound reasons for presenting a historically important study that is geographically limited. Hobbling together results from different studies to present a continental or global perspective may be inadvisable, if the data were gathered in different ways and/or times. (3) Sounding the horn for work done by researchers from one country can obscure the global nature of ecological research with too much nationalistic fervor. (4) There is a risk of getting embroiled in the political aspects of issues that have more pressing significance for one country (oil sands development is a Canadian example). (5) More generally, how much can authors change and still claim that the textbook is an edition of an existing work? Solutions to these difficulties are considered, involving the use of local and/or regional examples to which students can easily relate while stressing the perspective of a functioning, interconnected global system. Poster and Oral Presentation Abstracts / Résumés des affiches et des présentations orales

*WEINER, C.A.1, EMERY, R.J.N.2 and GUINEL, F.C.1 EC-P15 61 1. Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo; 2. Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough Cytokinin, abscisic acid, and root symbioses in the pea mutant E151 E151 (Pssym15) is a pea (Pisum sativum L.) nodulation mutant with many characteristics that point to an aberrant cytokinin (CK) homeo- stasis. For example, although few nodules emerge, many nodule primordia and extensive infection threads form, but these threads rarely progress to the inner cortex. E151 also has a short primary root, numerous lateral root primordia, but few emerged lateral roots. E151 has further been described as hyper-mycorrhizal with numerous infection events, hyphopodia, hyphae, and arbuscules and these traits suggest high levels of abscisic acid (ABA). To study the relationship between root symbioses, CK levels, and ABA levels, pea wild-type (WT) and E151 were grown for 9 (young) and 28 (old) days after inoculation with either the bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum or the fungus Glomus irregulare, in vermiculite/Turface or peat/Turface, respectively. CK and ABA levels were measured via mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In young non-symbiotic plants, E151 has more active CKs than WT whereas in old non-symbiotic plants, these levels depend on the substrate. Furthermore, these concentrations vary with the microsymbiont and plant age. In young WT, CK levels do not change following formation of either symbiosis whereas in young E151 they decrease dramatically upon infection. In old WT and E151, CK levels increase with the fungal infection, but in E151 they decrease with rhizobia exposure. There were no obvious differences in ABA levels either between WT and E151 or symbiotic and non-symbiotic plants. Clearly, both micro-symbionts have noticeable effects on the hormonal status of a plant. Because the different CK levels in E151 do not appear to entirely explain its phenotype, we propose that its CK/ABA root ratio could be involved in its abnormal response to micro-symbionts.

WOOSAREE, J. 1 and *OTFINOWSKI, R. 2 EC-CP10 1. Alberta Innovates Technology Futures, Vegreville, AB; 2. Lakeland College, Vermilion, AB Importance of species diversity in wellsite reclamation in east-central Alberta Plains rough fescue (Festuca hallii) is the dominant native grass of the Aspen Parkland region of central Alberta and southwestern Saskatch- ewan and Manitoba. Less than 5% of fescue prairies remain and conservation managers are concerned with restoring areas disturbed by industry. Here, we explore strategies to revegetate fescue prairies disturbed by oil and gas activities and to monitor changes in plant community structure and composition following revegetation. We evaluate the revegetation of three wellsites in east-central Alberta, comparing each with one reference area. Within four seeded treatments, 16 quadrats (0.1 m2) were used to record species composition and to estimate vegetation cover, plant litter, and bare ground. Following seeding, measurements were collected annually for five years. We used average species richness in seeded and reference areas to calculate similarity indices and used general linear models to compare treatments. Annual variation in vegetation cover was high, but bare ground declined and litter cover increased in most treatments. Cover of native grasses and forbs was greater compared to woody and exotic species, and the abundance of early seral grasses declined relative to forbs. After five years, seeded treatments remained dissimilar from reference areas. The dominance of rough fescue remained comparable across all treatments, however, other seeded species became more dominant. Native seed mixes can stabilize and establish ecologically compatible plant communities in areas disturbed by industry. Despite this, many species characteristic of fescue prairies remain unavailable commercially. Changing dominance of species included in initial seed mixes also suggests that competitive species may become dominant in revegetated communities. We discuss the implications of this observation for the restoration of fescue prairies in western Canada.

*ZRAIK, M., BOOTH, T., and PIERCEY-NORMORE, M.D. EC-P16 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg Chemical ecology and phenotype in arid species of Cladonia Phenotypic diversity of Cladonia species, including morphological and chemical features, has been shown to be influenced by environmental conditions. Extreme environmental conditions such as sandy soils in arid habitats would be expected to show phenotypic variation when compared with the same species in less extreme conditions. The goal of this study is to explore the chemical ecology and morphological variability in species of Cladonia that colonize sandy soils. Three transects in each of five sites in northern and southern Manitoba were chosen that contained sandy soils but the climate was variable to account for levels of “extreme” conditions. Environmental variables were recorded and representative samples were collected, identified, and subjected to thin layer chromatography to identify secondary metabolites. Morphological measurements were made for selected species and compared between locations. Twenty-seven species and 498 specimens of Cladonia were found in northern sites compared to twelve species in southern locations. Cladonia arbuscula was the dominant species in northern locations, while Cladonia magyarica was the dominant species in southern locations. Fumarprotocetraric acid was the most common metabolite in both areas and found in 14 species. C. crispata, C. cariosa, C. merochlorophaea and C. arbuscula showed some variation in the secondary metabolites and in morphology. The biotic and abiotic environmental conditions are discussed relative to the variation of secondary metabolites and morphology in species of Cladonia. { Participants listing / Liste des participants

62 A-C C-F F-H Abdulmajeed, Awatif PD-P01 Cavallin, Nadia Fenton, Nicole EC-P10 EC-P12 Abouelsaad, Ibrahim PD-P02 Charlton, Anne EC-P13 CBA-S07 Allen, Geraldine Chinnappa, C.C. EC-P02 EC-P04 Archambault, Ray- M-CP01 Chuong, Simon PD-P06 EC-CP11 mond M-CP05 M-P01 Clayson, Courtney PD-P03 Fontaine, Laurent M-CP10

Arsenault, André EC-P01 Cloutier, Véronique M-S03 Ford, Bruce SP-CP11 EC-S03 CBA-S03 Costea, Mihai PD-P03 Arseneault, Céline T-CP01 EC-CP03 Fortin, André M-CP06 PD-CP05 Athukorala, Sarangi M-CP11 Frego, Katherine CBA-S07 Cota-Sánchez, Hugo EC-CP08 Azaiez, Aïda M-CP02 SP-CP10 Galway, Moira PD-CP02 SP-CP04 Barabé, Denis CBA-S02 Gagnon, Edeline SP-CP14 Crispo, Maude EC-P05 SP-CP06 Barbé, Marion EC-P02 Cuerrier, Alain CBA-S09 Garbary, David PD-CP06 Behdarvandi, Beh- PD-CP05 EC-CP07 rang Dalpé, Yolande CBA-S05 EC-CP02 PD-CP02 Berch, Shannon M-S05 Dauphinee, Adrian PD-CP01 Gerrath, Jean Bilto, Iman SP-P01 Davis, Art (Arthur) PD-P04 PD-P05 Gerrath, Joe Brassard, Guy R. SP-CP01 Dayanandan, Daya SP-P05 Gévry, Marie-France M-S04 Brautigan, Vivian EC-P03 M-CP09 Gillespie, Lynn F-S03 Brodo, Irwin CBA-S04 Deduke, Chris EC-P06 SP-P06 SP-CP05 Brouillet, Luc CBA-S08 De La Estrella, SP-CP13 SP-CP08 F-S01 Manuel SP-CP16

Bruneau, Anne CBA-S08 Dickinson, Tim SP-CP19 Gimma, Katy EC-P09 SP-CP13 SP-CP06 Domenech, Boris SP-CP07 Gitto, Sara EC-CP07 SP-CP14 SP-CP13 SP-CP17 Godfrey, Ryan EC-CP09 Doucette, Eric SP-CP09 Burgess, Michael SP-CP02 SP-CP02 Godfrey, Samantha SP-CP05 SP-CP03 SP-CP03 SP-CP09 Graham, Sean CBA-S08 EC-P09 Dubé, Martin Guinel, Frédérique PD-CP05 Campbell, Christopher SP-CP02 Elliott, Tammy SP-CP18 M-CP08 SP-CP03 EC-P15 SP-CP09 Elshobary, Mostafa EC-P07 Gunawardena, T-S04 Castonguay, Joëlle EC-P04 Evans, Roger EC-CP12 Arunika PD-CP01

Catling, Paul SP-P02 Falconer, Denver EC-CP08 Gutiérrez-Flores, SP-CP10 SP-P03 Carina SP-P04 Fan, Di EC-P08 Halat, Laryssa PD-CP02 Cayouette, Jacques SP-P04 Fenneman, Jamie F-S04 EC-CP07 Participants listing / Liste des participants

H-M M-S S-Z 63 Hébert, Rémi Mitrow, Gisèle SP-P04 Sokoloff, Paul T-P03 SP-P02 SP-CP16 Hiebert, Alan SP-P06 Moussaoui, Louiza EC-P12 F-S03 Hepworth, Shelly PD-S03 Munro, Mariam Starr, Julian SP-CP11 Higelin, Morgane EC-CP11 EC-P10 Nozzolillo, Connie Stefani, Franck M-P01 M-CP05 Hijri, Mohamed Weresub Otfinowski, Rafael T-P02 EC-CP10 Steeves, Royce SP-CP17 Hill, Nicolas EC-CP02 Ouellet, François PD-S02 Stevens, Kevin EC-CP03 Ho, Anna EC-CP03 Pacé, Marine EC-P13 Tackaberry, Linda Hour, Tissica SP-CP14 Pellerin, Stéphanie Talent, Nadia Janzen, Francesco SP-CP11 Pender, Jocelyn Taylor, Iain CBA-S01 Joly, Simon SP-CP12 Percival, Susan S. M-S01 Taylor, Sylvia CBA-S01 Jones, James M-CP08 Petersen, Christine Trivedi, Kshitij Kilde, Kirsten M-CP03 Peterson, Larry T-S01 Turkington, Roy EC-S04 Lacroix, Christian CBA-S02 PD-CP01 Piché, Yves M-CP02 Vasseur, Liette EC-CP04 M-CP06 Laliberté, Sylvie T-P01 Waters, Isobel T-CP02 Polcz, Catherine EC-CP06 Langlois, Annabelle M-CP01 Waterway, Marcia SP-CP18 Posluszny, Usher EC-CP06 Lechowicz, Martin CBA-S06 EC-S02 Punter, David Weiner, Catherine EC-P15

Leung, S. SP-CP08 Punter, Elizabeth Wheeler, Erica SP-P07 F-S04 Léveillé-Bourret, Qaderi, Mirwais EC-P14 Xing, Tim Étienne PD-P01 Yeung, Edward PD-S01 Limay-Rios, Victor M-S02 Rochefort, Line EC-S01 Young, Jane Macklin, James F-S02 Robson, Diana EC-CP01 SP-P04 Zraik, Mohanad EC-P16 CBA-S03 Ross Friedman, PD-CP04 Cynthia Markham, John Saarela, Jeff SP-P06 Mathur, Jaidepp T-S02 SP-CP15 CBA-S03 Massicotte, Hugues M-CP03 F-S03

Mathewes, Rolf EC-CP05 Sawhney, Vipen T-S03 EC-P11 CBA-S02

Maxwell, Christine Schwinghamer, PD-CP03 Timothy McKechnie, Irene M-CP04 Sigurdson, Dustin PD-P06 McNeil, Raymond M-CP07 M-CP01 Singh, Santokh M-CP09 PD-P07 Metsger, Deborah SP-CP20 PD-P08 { cba awards / prix abc

64 Peggys Cove; photo: Roger Evans

The Lawson Medal La médaille Lawson (CBA/ABC) (CBA/ABC) The Lawson Medal, the most prestigious La Médaille Lawson, le prix le plus award of the Canadian botanical prestigieux de l’Association botanique du Association, was established "to Canada, fut établi pour « fournir une provide a collective, formal expression expression formelle et collective de of the admiration and respect of l’admiration et du respect des botanistes botanists in Canada for excellence in au Canada pour l’excellence de la the contribution of an individual to contribution d’un individu à la botanique Canadian botany". canadienne».

Dr. George Lawson (1827 – 1895) was born in Scotland. He Le Dr. George Lawson (1827-1895). Lawson est né en 1827, obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Giessen in Germany en Écosse. Il a obtenu son doctorat à l’université de Giessen in 1857. The following year, he accepted an appointment as en Allemagne, en 1857. L’année suivante, il accepta un Professor of Chemistry and Natural History at Queen's poste de professeur de chimie et d’histoire naturelle au College (now University) in Kingston, Ontario. He was Collège Queen (maintenant université) à Kingston, Ontario. instrumental in the foundation of the Botanical Society of Il a joué un rôle primordial dans la fondation de la Société Canada, which met from 1860 until 1862. In 1863 Lawson botanique du Canada, qui a tenu des rencontres de 1860 à abruptly left Queen's for Dalhousie. At Dalhousie he was 1862. En 1863, il quitte subitement Queen pour Dalhousie. À active in the Nova Scotia Institute of Science and was a Dalhousie, il était actif à l’Institut scientifique de la Nouvelle founding fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. From Écosse et fut un membre fondateur de la Société Royale du 1885-1895 he was Secretary of Agriculture for Nova Scotia. In Canada. De 1885 à 1895, il fut Secrétaire de l’Agriculture 1891 he helped to establish the Botanical Club of Canada pour la Nouvelle Écosse. En 1891, il a aidé à établir le Club (1891-1910), and was its President until his death. Botanique du Canada (1891-1910), et en a assuré la présidence jusqu’en 1895.

Canadian Botanical Association

L’Association Botanique du Canada cba awards / prix abc

65 Coprinellus micaceus; Photo de Yolande Dalpé

Mary Elizabeth Elliott Prix Mary Elizabeth Award (CBA/ABC) Elliott (CBA/ABC) This award, named in memory of Mary Ce prix, nommé en mémoire de Mary E. E. Elliott, recognizes the meritorious Elliott, souligne le dévouement d’un service of an individual to CBA/ABC individu envers l’ABC/CBA

Mary Elizabeth Elliott (1923-1976) was a plant pathologist Mary Elliott (1923-1976), pathologiste végétale et and mycologist who spent 28 years with Agriculture and mycologue, a œuvré 28 ans à Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Ottawa first as student, then research agroalimentaire Canada, Ottawa, d’abord comme technician and research scientist. Well-known for her work étudiante, puis technicienne de recherche et chercheure on the taxonomy and physiology of the Sclerotiniaceae, she scientifique. Reconnue principalement pour ses travaux en was also knowledgeable in the identification of mushrooms, taxonomie et physiologie des Sclérotiniacées, sa a service she offered regularly to the public. In 1975, she connaissance des champignons toxiques et comestibles en became Curator of the National Mycological Herbarium faisait également la personne ressource pour l’identification (DAOM). An active member of several mycology and de champignons auprès du public. En 1975, elle devint phytopathology societies, she was successively Secretary curatrice de l’Herbier national de mycologie (DAOM). (1972), Vice-President (1974) and President (1975) of Membre active de nombreuses sociétés mycologiques et CBA/ABC. She was just at the beginning her term as Past phytopathologiques, elle fut successivement secrétaire President at the time of her death. (1972), vice-présidente (1974) et présidente (1975) de l’ABC. Elle débutait son mandat de présidente sortante au moment de son décès.

Canadian Botanical Association

L’Association Botanique du Canada cba awards / prix abc

66 Viola labradorica; Photo de Benoit Tremblay

Prix Lionel Cinq-Mars Lionel Cinq-Mars Award (CBA/ABC) (CBA/ABC) Ce prix, nommé en mémoire de Lionel This award, named in memory of Lionel Cinq-Mars, récompense la meilleure Cinq-Mars, recognizes the best oral présentation orale par un étudiant lors du presentation by a student at the congrès annuel de l’Association Canadian Botanical Association botanique du Canada. annual meeting.

Lionel Cinq-Mars (1919 - 1973) est un phytopathologiste, Lionel Cinq-Mars (1919-1973) was a phytopathologist, botaniste et naturaliste. Il a travaillé pendant plusieurs botanist and naturalist. He worked as a phytopathologist for années (1948-62) comme phytopathologiste pour le the Federal Department of Agriculture for many years Département Fédéral de l’Agriculture. En 1962, il devint (1948-62). In 1962, he was appointed Professor of Botany in professeur agrégé à la Faculté d'agriculture de l'Université the Faculty of Agriculture at Laval University. He immediately Laval; il s'activa dès lors à la réorganisation d'un herbier qui became responsible for the reorganization of the herbarium, devint, en 1968, l'Herbier Louis-Marie. Il s'intéressa which was officially established as the Louis-Marie Herbarium particulièrement à la systématique des genres Viola et in 1968. His research focused particularly on the systematics Amelanchier. Il publia de nombreux articles scientifiques of the genera Viola and Amelanchier. He published tout au long de sa carrière et fonda Provancheria, une numerous scientific articles throughout his career, and publication québécoise de botanique systématique. Il fut founded Provancheria, a Quebec publication devoted to membre du premier comité exécutif (1965-66) de systematic botany. He was a member of the first executive l’Association. Une réserve écologique, située près de la ville committee of the CBA (1965-66). An ecological reserve near de Québec, fut nommée en son honneur, la Réserve Quebec City was named in his honor, the Réserve écologique Lionel-Cinq-Mars. écologique Lionel-Cinq-Mars.

Canadian Botanical Association

L’Association Botanique du Canada cba awards / prix abc

67 Mahonia; photo: Christine Maxwell

Iain and Sylvia Taylor Prix Iain et Sylvia Taylor Award (CBA/ABC) (CBA/ABC) This award, named in honor of Iain Ce prix, nommé en l’honneur de Iain et and Sylvia Taylor, recognizes the best Sylvia Taylor, récompense la meilleure poster presented by a student at the affiche présentée par un étudiant lors du Canadian Botanical Association congrès annuel de l’Association annual meeting. botanique du Canada.

Iain and Sylvia met at the University of Liverpool. Both taught Iain et Sylvia se sont rencontrés à l’Université de Liverpool. in high schools in England until Iain went to the University of Les deux enseignaient dans des écoles secondaires en Texas in 1967. Sylvia joined him later that year. Iain joined Angleterre, jusqu’à ce que Iain aille à l’Université du Texas University of British Colombia in 1968, while Sylvia was a en 1967. Sylvia le rejoignit l’année suivante. Iain fut engagé Research Technician at the UBC Botanical Garden from à l’université de Colombie Britanique en 1968, alors que 1969. Both have been active in CBA/ABC since 1969 (Iain) Sylvia devint technicienne de recherche au Jardin and 1972 (Sylvia). Both have an overriding interest in botanique de l’université en 1969. Ils sont actifs dans l’ABC students and student achievements. Iain served as Director, respectivement depuis 1969 (Iain) et 1972 (Sylvia). Ils Secretary and President of CBA/ABC, while Sylvia served as partagent un immense interêt pour les étudiants et leurs Bulletin Editor and Secretary. Iain was also Associate Editor réalisations. Iain a déjà été directeur, secrétaire et président and Editor-in-Chief of Canadian Journal of Botany, and de la CBA/ABC, alors que Sylvia en fut secrétaire et Assistant Editor-in-Chief of NRC Journals. Iain looks for clear directrice du bulletin de l’association. Iain fut aussi rédacteur concise statements, while Sylvia looks at clear presentation associé et rédacteur en chef du Canadian Journal of of posters. Botany, de même que assistant-rédacteur en chef des revues du NRC. Dans les affiches, Iain regarde particulièrement la concision des énoncés alors que Sylvia s’intéresse à la clarté de l’ensemble de la présentation.

Canadian Botanical Association

L’Association Botanique du Canada cba awards / prix abc

68 Cypripedium candidum; photo: Bruce Ford

John Macoun Travel Bourse de voyage Bursary (CBA/ABC) John Macoun (CBA/ABC) The John Macoun Travel Bursary La bourse de voyage John Macoun provides financial assistance to a fournit de l’aide financière à un étudiant student presenting a paper or a poster présentant une communication orale at the annual meeting of the ou une affiche à un congrès annuel CBA/ABC. de l’ABC.

An explorer and naturalist, John Macoun (1831-1920) was John Macoun (1831-1920) est un explorateur et naturaliste actively involved in the development of the Canadian qui a fortement soutenu le développement du Nord-Ouest Northwest. From 1868 to 1879, he was a professor of natural canadien. De 1868 à 1879, il fut professeur d’histoire history at Albert College in Belleville, Ontario. The year naturelle au Albert College de Belleville, en Ontario. following his departure, he accepted a position at the L’année de son départ, il accepta un poste au Ministère de Ministry of the Interior. In 1881, he was appointed Botanist to l’intérieur avant d’être nommé, en 1881, botaniste à la the Geological and Natural History Survey of Canada. A Commission géologique et d’histoire naturelle du Canada. passionate botanist, he contributed over 100,000 specimens Botaniste passionné, il enrichit l’herbier du Museum national to the herbarium of the National Museum of Canada. In du Canada de près de 100,000 spécimens. En 1882, il publia 1882, he published the volume Manitoba and the Great Manitoba and the Great North-West dans lequel il fait North-West, in which he wrote enthusiastically about the l’éloge des possibilités agricoles des Prairies. Il fut l’un des agricultural potential of the Prairies. He was a founding membres fondateurs de la Société Royale du Canada. Près fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. More than 50 plant de 50 espèces de plantes et animaux ont été nommées en and animal species have been named in his honor. son honneur.

Canadian Botanical Association

L’Association Botanique du Canada cba awards / prix abc

69 Keith Winterhalder; Photo: Dianne Fahsett Across Martindale Road; photo: David Pearson

The Winterhalder travel La bourse de voyage bursary (CBA/ABC) Winterhalder (CBA/ABC) This bursary, named in memory of Cette bourse, nommée en mémoire de Keith Winterhalder, is given to Keith Winterhalder, est décerné à des individuals presenting their personnes présentant leurs projets de undergraduate research project recherche de premier cycle, réalisé dans completed in a Canadian university une université canadienne, lors de la at the upcoming annual meeting of prochaine réunion annuelle de the CBA/ABC. l’ABC/CBA.

Keith Winterhalder (1935 - 2005) studied plant ecology at the Keith Winterhalder (1935 - 2005) étudia l’écologie végétale University of Wales and the University of New England aux Universités de Wales et de la Nouvelle Angleterre (Australia, MSc 1970). In 1965 (retired 1999), he became (Australie, MSC 1970). En 1965 (retraité en 1999), il devient professor at Laurentian University and curator of the professeur à l’Université Laurentienne et le conservateur de university's herbarium. His research centred on the ecology l’herbier. Sa recherche porta sur l’écologie des sols pauvres of nutrient-poor soils and the restoration of contaminated et la réhabilitation des sites contaminés. Il récolta de sites. He relentlessly collected plant specimens in northern nombreux spécimens végétaux dans le nord de l’Ontario, Ontario, on Manitoulin Island and in other parts of the world. sur l’Ile Manitoulin et dans d’autres régions du monde. Il aida He helped fund the Canadian Land Reclamation à fonder l’Association canadienne de la réhabilitation des Association, the American Society for Surface Mining and terres, l’American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation and the Society for Ecological Restoration. He Reclamation et la Society for Ecological Restoration. Il fut was President of the Canadian Botanical Association and président de l’Association de botanique du Canada et de the Canadian Land Reclamation Association. He received l’Association canadienne de la réhabilitation des terres. Il the Canadian Parks Service Heritage Award and the reçut le Prix du patrimoine du Service des parcs du Canada Noranda Mines Land Reclamation Award. et le prix Noranda de la réhabilitation des terres minières.

Canadian Botanical Association

L’Association Botanique du Canada cba awards / prix abc

70 Ceriporia spissa; Photo: Yolande Dalpé

Luella K. Weresub Prix Luella K. Weresub Award (CBA/ABC) (CBA/ABC) This award, named in memory of Luella Ce prix, en mémoire de Luella K. K. Weresub, recognizes the best paper Weresub, récompense le meilleur article in mycology published by a student in en mycologie publié par un étudiant the year preceding the CBA/ABC durant l’année précédant le congrès annual meeting. annuel de l’ABC/CBA.

Luella Kayla Weresub (1918-1979), mycologist renowned for Luella Kayla Weresub (1918-1979) est une mycologue her works on resupinate hymenomycetes, pursued her renommée pour ses travaux sur les hyménomycètes career as a research scientist at Agriculture and Agri-Food résupinés. Elle fit carrière comme chercheure scientifique à Canada Ottawa from 1957 to 1979 after three years as Agriculture et agroalimentaire Canada (Ottawa), de 1957 à professor at the University of Manitoba Winnipeg. Her 1979, après trois années comme professeure à l’Université mastery of the International Code of Botanical du Manitoba (Winnipeg). Sa maîtrise du Code international Nomenclature, especially fungal nomenclature of de nomenclature botanique et plus précisément de la pleomorphic fungi, led her to serve as an expert on nomenclature fongique l’amène à siéger en tant committees such as the International Association for Plant qu’experte sur les comités de l’Association Internationale de Taxonomy’s Nomenclature and the International nomenclature botanique et de l’Association internationale Mycological Associations’ Nomenclature. Her entire career de nomenclature mycologique. Ses recherches portèrent was devoted to the study of pleomorphic fungi, mainly exclusivement sur la taxonomie et l’étude du Ascomycetes, for which she applied the pléiomorphisme fongique, notamment des Ascomycètes anamorph-teleomorph concept in a bio-geographical and pour lesquels elle applique son concept taxonomic context. An active member of CBA/ABC, she d’anamorphes-téléomorphes dans un contexte served on the board of directors from 1971 to 1973. biogéographique et taxonomique. Membre active de l’ABC/CBA, elle fut directrice de 1971 à 1973.

Canadian Botanical Association

L’Association Botanique du Canada cba awards / prix abc

71 Apex-Lupinus

Taylor Steeves Award Prix Taylor Steeves (CBA/ABC) (CBA/ABC) This award, named in memory of Ce prix, nommé en mémoire de Taylor Taylor A. Steeves, recognizes the Steeves, récompense le meilleur article best scientific article published by a scientifique publié par un étudiant dans student in the field of plant structure le domaine de la structure et du and development. développement des plantes.

Professor Taylor Steeves (1926-2011) was a plant Le professeur Taylor Steeves (1926-2011) est un spécialiste de morphologist, anatomist and developmental botanist. He la morphologie, de l’anatomie et du développement des was a faculty member at Harvard University from 1954 to plantes. Il travailla d'abord à l'Université Harvard de 1954 à 1959, and then joined the University of Saskatchewan in 1959, avant de devenir professeur à l’Université de Saskatoon where he was Professor, Department Head, and Saskatchewan (Sakatoon), où il prit sa retraite en 1994. Le retired in 1994. Prof. Steeves worked exte nsively in the areas professeur Steeves s’est intéressé particulièrement au of shoot development and vascular tissue differentiation. He développement de la tige et à la différentiation des tissues. was a co-author of two textbooks on Botany and Plant Il est co-auteur de deux manuels importants en botanique Development, and was Editor of Botanical Gazette (now (Botany and Plant Development). Il fut directeur des revues International Journal of Plant Sciences) and Canadian Botanical Gazette (aujourd’hui International Journal of plant Journal of Botany (now Botany). Prof. Steeves was a Sciences) et Canadian Journal of Botany (aujourd’hui Founding member of CBA/ABC, served as its President, and Botany). Le Prof. Steeves est un membre fondateur de la received the Mary E. Elliott award and the Lawson Medal CBA/ABC dont il fut président. Il a reçu le prix Mary E. Elliott from CBA/ABC. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society of et la médaille Lawson, décernés par la CBA/ABC. Il fut aussi Canada. élu membre de la Société Royale du Canada.

Canadian Botanical Association

L’Association Botanique du Canada cba awards / prix abc

72 Abitibi; photo: Pierre Cartier.

John Stanley Rowe Prix John Stanley Rowe Award (CBA/ABC) (CBA/ABC) This award, named in memory of John Ce prix, nommé en mémoire de John Stanley Rowe, recognizes the best Stanley Rowe, récompense le meilleur scientific paper recently published by a article scientifique publié récemment par student in the field of Ecology or un étudiant dans le domaine de Conservation. l’écologie ou de la conservation.

John Stanley Rowe was a botanist and ecologist (1918 John Stanley Rowe fut un botaniste et écologiste (1918 - -2004). He worked as a forest labourer and school teacher in 2004). Il travailla d’abord comme forestier et enseignant en British Columbia, and then as a research officer on the Colombie Britannique, puis comme chercheur sur les prairies Prairies with the federal Department of Forestry from 1948 to pour le département fédéral des forêts de 1948 à 1967. 1967, when he became professor of plant ecology at the C’est alors qu’il devient professeur en écologie végétale à University of Saskatchewan. In his work on the ecology of the l’Université de la Saskatchewan. Au cours de ses recherches boreal forest, tundra and peatlands, Rowe insisted on sur l’écologie de la forêt boréale, la toundra et les long-term conceptual approaches to issues related to tourbières, Rowe insista sur l’importance d’une approche à natural resources His treatise, Forest Regions of Canada long terme en ce qui concerne les enjeux liés aux ressources (1959, 1972) is a key reference for foresters, biologists and naturelles. Son traité «Les régions forestières du Canada» land managers. He also wrote two popular books, Home (1959, 1972) est une référence clé pour les forestiers, les Place: Essays on Ecology (1990) and Earth Alive: Essays on biologistes et les gestionnaires. Il a aussi publié deux livres Ecology (2006). scientifiques pour le grand public. Home Place: Essays on Ecology (1990) and Earth Alive: Essays on Ecology (2006).

Canadian Botanical Association

L’Association Botanique du Canada cba awards / prix abc

73 Brock River, NT; photo: Roger Bull Nunavut, Baffin Island; photo: Julian Starr

Porsild-Consaul Award Prix Porsild-Consaul (CBA/ABC) (CBA/ABC) This award, named in memory of the Ce prix, nommé nommé en mémoire eminent botanists Alf Erling Porsild de deux éminents botanistes, Alf Erling (1901-1977) and Laurie Consaul Porsild (1901-1977) et Laurie Consaul (1960-2012), recognizes the best paper (1960-2012), récompense le meilleur in systematics and phytogeography article en systématique et taxonomie published by a student in the year publié par un étudiant durant l’année preceding the CBA/ABC annual precedent le congrès annuel de meeting. l’ABC/CBA.

Dr. Porsild was born in Copenhagen, and worked at the Le Dr Porsild est né à Copenhague, et a travaillé dans une Danish biological research station in Godhavn (Greenland), station de biologie danoise à Godhavn (Groenland), avant before coming to Canada to pursue his remarkable de venir au Canada poursuivre son remarquable travail de taxonomic and biogeographic work in the Northwest taxonomie et de biogeography dans les Territories du Territories. He was Curator (1936-1945) and Chief Botanist Nord-West. Il a été conservateur (1936-1945) et botaniste en (1946-1967) of the National Museum of Canada. chef (1946-1967) au Musée National du Canada.

Originally known as the “Alf Erling Porsild Award”, this prize À l’origine connu sous le nom de «Prix Alf Erling Porsild» la was renamed in 2013, to also commemorate the widely nom a été change, en 2013, pour commémorer aussi la respected and loved Dr. Laurie Consaul. After 22 years as respectée et appréciée Dr Laurie Consaul. Après avoir Botany Research Assistant at the Canadian Museum of travaillé 22 ans comme assistance de recherché en Nature, she passed away before being able to begin the botanique, au Musée Canadien de la Nature, elle nous next stage of her inspiring career, as Assistant Professor in the quitta, avant de commencer une autre étape de sa Biology Department at Memorial University. carrière inspirante, comme professeur adjoint au Département de biologie de la Memorial University.

Canadian Botanical Association

L’Association Botanique du Canada notes

74 notes

75 { conférence site map / Plan du site

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