FEASIBILITY STUDY of the Material and Energy Utilization of Locally Available Alternative Fuels, Case of the Municipality of Ptuj
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FEASIBILITY STUDY of the material and energy utilization of locally available alternative fuels, case of the Municipality of Ptuj APRIL 2014 Author of the study: Ul. 25. maja 3 2250 Ptuj ID za DDV: SI11060543 Matična številka: 6270832 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Short introduction .................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Used abbreviations .................................................................................................................. 6 1.3 Definition of terms .................................................................................................................. 6 1.4 Technical basis for preparation of feasibility study................................................................. 7 1.5 Splošni podatki o proučevanem območju General information about the studied area / Municipality of Ptuj............................................................................................................................. 7 2. IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT OF ENERGY AND MATERIAL USE OF LOCAL ALTERNATIVE SOURCES .................................................................................................................. 8 2.1 Aim of project ............................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Objectives of project ..................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Prenos študije v prakso (omejitve in predpostavke) Transfer of study into practice (limitations and assumptions) ................................................................................................................................. 8 3. LOCATION OF PROJECT ........................................................................................................... 10 3.1 Macro location of project ............................................................................................................ 10 3.2 Micro location of project ............................................................................................................. 11 4. LOCAL SOURCES IN THE AREA ............................................................................................. 13 4.1 Renewable and alternative fuels in the local area ........................................................................ 13 4.2 The use of sludge from wastewater treatment plants in combination as an alternative fuel . 13 4.3 Use of municipality waste as SRF/RDF fuel ......................................................................... 14 5. MASS AND ENERGY BALANCE ............................................................................................. 17 5.2 Basic diagram of the collection system and mass flow ......................................................... 17 5.3 Waste biomass ....................................................................................................................... 18 5.4 Sewage sludge from sewage water cleaning process ............................................................ 18 5.5 RDF/SRF fuel ........................................................................................................................ 19 5.6 Total potential of the region for generating alternative fuels ................................................ 19 6. TECHNOLOGIES FOR THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT .................................................... 20 6.1 Overview of some thermal technologies ............................................................................... 21 6.2 Combustion technology ......................................................................................................... 25 7. ECOLOGICAL ASPECT .............................................................................................................. 30 7.1 Effects on the soil and water ................................................................................................. 30 7.2 Noise ...................................................................................................................................... 31 7.3 Emissions of gases and dust .................................................................................................. 31 7.4 IPPC Permit ........................................................................................................................... 32 8. SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND A SOCIAL ASPECT ........................................................................ 33 8.1 Institutional, legal and political aspects in RS ....................................................................... 33 8.2 Implementation of the project to the environment ................................................................ 34 8.3 Creation of new jobs .............................................................................................................. 34 9. FINANCIAL and ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ................................................................................ 35 9.1 Basic assumptions of financial analysis ................................................................................ 36 9.1.1 Maintenance and operating costs .......................................................................................... 36 9.1.2 Projection of revenues .......................................................................................................... 38 9.1.3 Net present value and internal rate of return – financial analysis ......................................... 40 10. ECONOMIC COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS ............................................................................ 41 10.1 Basic assumptions of financial analysis ................................................................................ 41 10.1.1 Maintainance and operating costs ...................................................................................... 42 10.1.2 Incomes .............................................................................................................................. 44 10.1.3 Net present value and internal rate of return – economical analysis .................................. 47 10.2 Results of financial and economic analysis ........................................................................... 48 11. SENSITIVITY AND RISK ANALYSIS .................................................................................. 49 11.1 Sensitivity analysis (+/- 1%, +/-5%) ..................................................................................... 49 11.2 Risk analysis .......................................................................................................................... 49 12. COMPLETION ......................................................................................................................... 51 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Short introduction In the past, almost all residual municipal waste left after recycling and composting - has been landfilled untreated. The European Landfill Directive oblige now municipalities to reduce the biodegradable waste intended to be landfilled. Until recently, the main alternative to landfill which has been considered in the Europe is mass-burn incineration (WtE). Local authorities have started considering other options for dealing with residual waste, to produce alternative fuel RDF, to apply different kind of technology like fluidized bed combustion, pyrolysis and gasification technologies. As the energy utilization of waste is not in the first priority in the pyramid of waste management basic attention has been put to the material use – recycling. Door-to-door waste collection system supports such a view in full scale. Energy utilization of waste remainings becomes an important part of whole waste management system. Locally available materials which can be used as a substitution for fossil fuels are on the other side also wery important. There is a possibility of producing larger amounts of standardized alternative fuel with a high calorific value, produced mainly from bulky waste as a result of sorting separated collection and adapted for the needs of a specific energy application. This can help saves on primary (fossil) fuels while disposing of a substantial part of waste with low expenses, positively influencing cost and volume of waste management. Alternative fuels derived from waste (RDF or SRF) and novel thermal utilization processes like fluidized bed combustion, pyrolysis or gasification allow better and environment-friendly way of generating and utilization of waste energy. New technologies allow an efficient way of using waste and biomass energy for cogeneration to produce electricity and heat (CHP) especially for district heating. It enables using renewable energy sources and total utilization of waste material. New technologies enable an efficient protection of environment as it prevents harmful emissions with complex gas cleaning system. Final product like clean synthesis gas burns similarly to natural gas. RDF/SRF consists largely of combustible components of municipal waste such as plastics and biodegradable waste. Use of RDF/SRF in industrial processes offers more flexibility than the simple direct incineration of waste. Its use permits to reduce the emission of CO2 since the plants can partially replace the use of fossil fuel. The communal