UNIVERSITI ISLAM ANTARABANGSA (UIA)

THE ACTION PLAN OF FULL EMPLOYMENT FOR Action, Strategies, Programme & Projects

Prof Sr Dr Khairuddin A Rashid Asst Prof Dr Mariana Mohamed Osman Asst Prof Dr Syafiee Shuib Introduction to the team of researchers

Employment policies Tourism pangkor Effectiveness of local Public transport in authorities Kerian

Prof Sr Dr Khairuddin A Prof Dato Dr Mansor Ibrahim Assistant Prof Dr Mariana Asst Prof Dr Syahriah Rashid (lead researcher) (lead Researcher) (tourism Mohamed Osman Bachok (PHD in Traffic (procurement and public planning and environmental Engineering) private partnership) resource management

Assistant Prof Dr Mariana Assistant Prof Dr Mariana Associate Prof Dr Mohd Zin Asst. Prof Dr Mariana Mohamed Osman (Phd in Mohamed Osman Mohamed (local government and Mohamed Osman community development and Assistant Prof Dr Syahriah public administration) Governance Bachok

Assistant Prof Dr Syafiee Muhammad Faris Abdullah Asst Prof Dr Syahriah Bachok Shuib (Phd in Affordable (Phd in GIS and land use Housing) planning Suzilawati Rabe (Phd Shaker Amir (Phd candidate in Nurul Izzati Mohd Bakri (MSBE) Zakiah Ponrohono (Phd Candidate in regional Tourism Economic) Nuraihan Ibrahim (MSBE) candidate in sustainable economic ) Anis Sofea Kamal (BURP) Tuminah Paiman (MSBE) transportation) Shazwani Shahir (Master of Siti Nur Alia Thaza (MSBE) Ummi Aqilah (MSBE) Built Environment Azizi Zulfadli (MSBE) Siti Aishah Ahmad (BURP) Siti Hajar (BURP) Sadat (BURP)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

P  From 2000 until 2011: unemployment rate averaged at 3.37%. R  Rate of unemployed in Malaysia was at 3.3% in 2010 and reduced further to 3.1% in 2011. O  In term of Perak the unemployment rate was at (27300) 3.0% in 2010 and further reduced to B (24900) 2.6% in 2011. L  For Malaysia, a record low of 2.90% in March of 1998 and 2012 (Figure 1.1). E  The figure of 2.9% and 2.6% respectively indicated that Malaysia and Perak is considered as in M full employment. Based on the figure, Perak unemployment rate (2.6%) is far below the national average (2.9%). S  However unemployment issues is still need to be emphasised as this will effect the wellbeing T and the quality of life of the people. A T E M E N T

Figure 1.1 Unemployment Rate in Malaysia (Year 1985-2010) Source: CIA World Fact book (2010) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Figure 1.2 Strategic Location of Perak P R O B L E M

S T A T E M E Source: Perak State Structure Plan N  Perak is strategically located within the regional economic growth triangle of Indonesia- T Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT) (Figure 1.2).  Perak also located within the Northern Corridor Economic Region (NCER).

 This will give a value added to the economic development in the study area. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY P Table 1.2 Perak Census, 2008-2010 PERAK R 2008 2009 2010 O Population (million) 2.3 2.4 2.4 Average Annual Population Growth Rate (%) 1.3 1.4 1.4 B Gross Domestic Product (GDP) L GDP at constant prices (RM million) 28,786 28,536 30,167 GDP per capita at current prices (RM) 15,799 14,845 16,088 E GDP Growth (%) 6.7 (0.9) 5.7 M Employment Labour Force ('000) 892.6 923.7 905.9 Employed ('000) 858.9 891.6 876.7 S Unemployed ('000) 33.6 32.2 29.1 Labour Force Participation Rates, LFPR (%) 60.2 61.3 59.1 T Unemployment Rate (%) 3.8 3.5 3.0 A Source: Department of Statistics (2010) T  The unemployment rate in Perak in 2008 was 3.8% and the rate was reduced to 3.5% in E 2009, 3.0% in 2010 and 2.6% in 2011(Jabatan Perangkaan, 2012) (Table 1.2) M  Population in Perak for 2011 projected remained at 2.4 million. (Statistic Dept, 2012) E  The government of Perak stated that all this was achieved after the state government N initiated numerous efforts, such as creating new sectors and industries that are able to T offer job opportunities to youths.  This is in line with the increasing number of Gross Domestic Product from year 2009 to 2010. Executive Summary A Glance of employment data of Perak , (Statistic Dept, 2012) Items Year 2010 Year 2011 Total labor force in Perak 90,600 94,3200 Unemployment 27300 (3%) 24900 (2.6%) Male/ 16200 (1.7%)/ 12100 (1.26%)/ female unemployed 11100(1.3%) 12800 (1.34) Urban/ 17300(1.9%)/ 14600(1.52%)/ rural unemployed 10000 (1.1%) 10300 (1.08%)

 As for November 2012, a total of 9,466 (0.99%) of the unemployed has been registered with Pusat Kerjaya Amanjaya (PEKA), Perak. (PEKA, NOV 2012)  This number is 0.99% of 2.6% (2011) from the total number of estimated unemployed in Perak for the year 2011.  However, there are 16,952 vacancies registered under Peka until November 2012. (Peka, 2012)  Therefore if these vacancies can be fulfilled by the unemployed people, the remaining of unemployed in Perak can be reduced drastically to 0.83% (7,948 person). (On the assumption the % of unemployed remain or even reduced in end 2012)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

P  As for November 2012, a total of 9,466 Figure1.3 Status of Registered Unemployed with R (0.99%) of the unemployed has been PEKA in Perak (Nov. 2012) registered with Pusat Kerjaya Amanjaya O Working with various (PEKA), Perak. (PEKA, NOV 2012) 3,012 sector B Remain unemployed  However, there are 16,952 vacancies in 6,454 L November 2012. (Peka, 2012) E  Therefore the number of vacancies M exceeding the number of unemployment Figure1.4 Education Level of Registered Unemployed  7446 resumes are sent to various in Perak (%) (Nov, 2012) S industries and job sectors throughout SPM and STPM 15 T September until December 2012.  6,831 total vacancies are filled by the A 4 unemployed. Certificate T  Although the number of placement is E Diploma 33 high, but there is a large gap between M number of vacancies and total registered Degree 48 E unemployed in Perak. (this clearly showed N that there is a miss-match between supply 0 10 20 30 40 50 T and demand of unemployment) Source: Pusat Kerjaya Amanjaya (PEKA), Nov 2012 R EXECUTIVE SUMMARY E The research aims to identify the action, strategies, programme and S R E projects in order to come out with the action plan of zero unemployment in Perak. E A S R E The objectives of this project are:- C A 1) To examine the existing policies and strategies for employment in H R Perak. C 2) To identify the unemployment factors and issues in Perak. O H B 3) To profile the unemployment characteristic, dispersion and pattern in Perak J Q E 4) To developed and proposed an action plan for zero unemployment in U Perak C E T S I T V I E O S N S

R EXECUTIVE SUMMARY E S  Research methodology is designed to achieve the research objectives & answer the research questions E Methods of Data A Variables in the study Collection Findings R C Secondary Data: i) Policies and strategies National Physical Plan, Perak H for employment in Structure Plan, Perak Local Objectives 1, Perak Plans, NCER programmes 4

M Primary Data: 203 unemployed (Semi- E structured questionnaire) ii) Unemployment T characteristic, H dispersion and pattern Objectives 3, in Perak 4 O Primary Data: 1) 203 unemployed (Semi- D iii) Factors & Issues of structured questionnaire) unemployment in 2) 36 stakeholders in Perak O Objectives 2, Perak; (questionnaire survey) L Based on socio- 4 economic factors – O educational background, G occupational skills, Y employment history

R EXECUTIVE SUMMARY E S  The population sampling and target population in the research: E Target Participation A Study method Population Respondents Group No. R Sampling Unemployed group: C a) Labour force: aged between 15-64 years old 203 400 respondents b) Respondents who are actively looking for H respondents job Quantitative c) Unemployed for at least more than a month M Stakeholders in Perak: 72 a) Local Authorities; and E 100 respondents respondents b) Non-Governmental Organisation (NGOs) T c) Private Sectors H Output: Secondary data on unemployment O Qualitative Literature reviews - Unemployment: definition, causes, D consequences, impact O - Policies and strategies for employment in Perak L O G Y

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

R  The study was conducted within five (5) months duration period: E Research activities 2012 S August September October November December E To conduct literature A review on action plan, unemployment, Action, R Strategies, Programme C and Projects for Economic Growth H To collect data with selected agencies T To collect Primary data – Questionnaire Survey I for socio-economic data M Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with stakeholder E and NGO L To analyses the data collected I To finalize the findings, N recommendations and conclusion E Final drafts

The existing policies and strategies for economic and employment in Perak Distribution of Economic Activities in Perak  “Dependency on certain economic activities created a unique economic structures and different focus areas. This scenario can be seen from the different characteristic and structure of economy in every state and thus resulted a disparity in state performance” (DOS, 2012).  As shown in table below, services sector is the major contributor to the economy of Perak (65.9 percent) followed with the manufacturing activity (18.4 percent).

Distribution and Types of Economic Activity in Perak:  The district of Kinta area encompassed of 15, 8813.77 hectare. Generally, the main land use in the Kinta is forestry covering 52.23 percent of the area followed with water body 19.70 percent.  The commercial activities in Kinta covering only 0.05 percent of the total area while industrial and tourism activities are covering the 0.49 and 0.15 percent of area respectively.

Land use Area (Hectare) Percent (%) Housing 1,935.44 1.22 Village 2,257.04 1.42 Industrial 775.74 0.49 Commercial 84.65 0.05 Recreational 1,493.82 0.94 Tourism 237.57 0.15 Vacant land 3,682.85 2.32 Institutional 653.03 0.41 Agriculture 30,069.49 18.93 Forestry 82,948.19 52.23 Water 31,284.67 19.70 Transportation/ Infrastructure 3,391.55 2.14 Total 15,8813.77 100

Table 2.3 Land uses in Kinta, 2002 Source: Kinta District Local Plan, 2002-2015 Distribution and Types of Economic Activity in based on Ipoh local plan (2020)  Redevelopment of area mainly for commercial and service sector in Ipoh, , , Lahat and  Transit Oriented Development proposed in Lahat, Ipoh, IGB and Chemor with 6 main stations in Ipoh, Meru Raya, Station 18, , Tanjung Rambutan and  Industrial Cluster – Electronic industrial cluster in Perdagangan Bebas Kinta and Klebang; Hitech Cluster – Perak Hi tech, automotive cluster at perindustrial IGB, Ceramic cluster in kawasan perindustrian ceramic  Food Cluster – pengkalan  Engineering and kimpalan – and menglembu  Wood and furniture – kanthan industrial area Distribution and Types of Economic Activity in (Kuala Kangsar local plan 2020)  Likewise, the main land use in Kuala Kangsar is also the forestry covering the area of 169, 227.32 hectare (66.01 percent). Meanwhile, commercial and industrial activities are only covering the 0.04 and 0.24 percent from the total area respectively.  Commercial area within the corridor of (u)-salak – kuala kangsar –Kati- Sauk and Corridor Kecil Kuala Kangsar- Jerlun – Manong.  Industrial development (Food and Drink industry) within corridor kecil kuala kangsar- and koridor kecil salak –sungai siput (U)  Future industrial area- Main corridor -Sungai siput- Salak-kuala kangsar – padang rengas Corridor . Types of industry are food, furniture, rubber, plastic, metal and non metal mineral. Distribution and Types of Economic Activity in Manjung the main land use activity in Manjung is the agriculture activity covering of 73, 155.89 hectare area (64.79 percent) followed with forestry covering 17, 016.28 hectare of the total area (15.07 percent). For the commercial and industrial activities, it’s only covering the 0.67 and 0.89 percent of the total area respectively. Source: Local Plan (Amendement), 2020

Land use Area (Hectare) Percent (%) Housing 3, 380.79 2.99 Commercial and services 750.98 0.67 Industrial 1, 008.65 0.89 Institution and public facilities 1, 539.98 1.36 Open space and Recreational area 385.03 0.34 Vacant land 792.20 0.70 Agriculture 73, 155.89 64.79 Livestock and aquaculture 1, 520.67 1.35 Transportation 4, 223.00 3.74 Infrastructure and utilities 602.65 0.53 Forestry 17, 016.28 15.07 Water body 4, 555.55 4.03 Beach 3, 974.56 3.52 Total 1112, 906.23 100 Distribution and Types of Economic Activity in Kerian

 Major land use is Agriculture. Economic activity is based on agriculture and aquaculture activities. Part of main fisheries contributor to Perak (10.2%)  Ipoh- Taiping - Buntar industrial corridor will be the koridor perindustrial tiga segi wilayah.  Bagan-serai – batu kawan – manufacturing, industri sokongan, industri parts and components  Bukit merah – –selama – pusat pembangunan industri pengetahuan tinggi and ict based industry.  Promotion of agro-tourism ,ecotourism and community based tourism in the area

RESEARCH FINDINGS P Figure 1.5 Gender of respondents according to age category R  This information allows O the research to carry out 40 F 35 30

analysis more efficiently I in terms of the relation 25 L 20

between respondents’ 15 Percent (%) E background with 10 unemployment problems 5 0 O and issues in Perak 15-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 >50 F years years years years years years years years  Based on data 2011, the old old old old old old old old urban area have more Series1 23.3 33 12.6 10.7 9.7 4.9 3.9 1.9 Series2 18.2 36.4 14.1 7.1 7.1 5.1 7.1 5.1 R unemployed compare to E rural area Source: Semi-structured questionnaire (2012) S Table 1.3 Ethnicity of respondent across districts in Perak Ethnicity P Total District Malay Chinese India Others O No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % N Kinta 61 39.6 1 5 3 11.5 1 50 66 32.7 Kampar 4 2.6 - - 2 7.7 - - 6 3 D Larut, Matang dan Selama 14 9.1 1 5 12 46.2 - - 27 13.4 E Hilir Perak 3 1.9 ------3 1.5 Manjung 22 14.3 17 85 6 23.1 - - 45 22.3 N Batang Padang 6 3.9 - - 1 3.8 - - 7 3.5 T Kerian 1 0.6 ------1 0.5 Kuala Kangsar 30 19.5 ------30 14.9 S Perak Tengah 13 8.4 1 5 2 7.7 1 50 17 8.4 Total 154 100 20 100 26 100 2 100 *202 100 RESEARCH FINDINGS P Table 1.4 Households Income R Educational background O Never attend Primary Secondary Tertiary Total District Others F school school school Level No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % I 15-20 years old - - 1 9.1 29 23.6 10 16.4 2 50 42 20.8 L 21-25 years old - - - - 42 34.1 27 44.3 1 25 70 34.7 26-30 years old - - 1 9.1 20 16.3 6 9.8 - - 27 13.4 E 31-35 years old - - 2 18.2 9 7.3 7 11.5 - - 18 8.9 36-40 years old - - 1 9.1 9 7.3 7 11.5 - - 17 8.4 41-45 years old - - 1 9.1 5 4.1 4 6.6 - - 10 5 O 46-50 years old 1 33.3 2 18.2 7 5.7 - - 1 25 11 5.4 >50 years old 2 66.7 3 27.3 2 1.6 - - - - 7 3.5 F Total 3 100 11 100 123 100 61 100 4 100 *202 100

Figure 1.6 Education background of respondents according to age R category E The 2011 unemployment S data published by statistic dept also indicated that P this group age (21-25) is O the largest group age that N is unemployed in Perak. D E N T S Source: Semi-structured questionnaire (2012) E RESEARCH FINDINGS M Figure 1.7 Respondents’ employment history Figure 1.8 Duration of respondents been unemployed P L O Y M E N T

B  81.3% of the respondents A had working experience. Meanwhile, 17.2% Table 1.5 Cross-tabulation of employment history and migration C details respondents never worked. No Never District State Total K Respondents’ answer migrated  9.9% migrated to Perak to response on migration No G No. % No. % % No. % No. % find a new job and due to . R parents or spouse changing Yes 29 100 28 100 4 100 2 1.4 63 31 O work place No ------137 96.5 137 67.5 U No answer ------3 2.1 3 1.5 N Total 29 100 28 100 4 100 142 100 203 100 D Source: Semi-structured questionnaire (2012)

E RESEARCH FINDINGS M  Literature reviews on Table 1.7 Cross-tabulation of unemployment duration and respondents’ P response on active searching for job unemployment identified Actively searching for job L there are critical relationship Duration been unemployed Yes No Total O No. % No. % No. % between unemployment < 3 Months 67 40.4 4 17.4 71 37.6 Y duration and unemployed 3 - 6 Months 43 25.9 5 21.7 48 25.4 M behavior. > 6 Months 56 33.7 14 60.9 70 37 Total 166 100 23 100 189 100 E  According to Marksoo and Table 1.8 Chi-Square Tests N Tammaru (2011), tendency to Value df Asymp. Sig. (2- T search jobs and unemployed sided) skills will decrease as increase Pearson Chi-Square 6.991a 2 .030 Likelihood Ratio 7.052 2 .029 in unemployment duration Linear-by-Linear Association 6.762 1 .009 B N of Valid Cases 189

A Figure 1.8 Respondents’ employment history C  57.1% and 51.7% used newspaper and internet as the K medium to find a job. However some of them do try G to find job at job fairs. R  89% claimed they did not registered with local employment agencies because they did not know O about the existence of local employment agencies. U  Therefore promotion of Peka as employment agency N can help in order to reduce the unemployment rate D further. Source: Semi-structured questionnaire (2012)

Figure 1.9 Experience attending any job interviews

Table 1.9 Respondent experience and result on job interview Respondents’ experience attending job interviews Response of job No Yes No Total interviews answer No. % No. % No. % No. % Still waiting for the 36 45 - - - - 36 17.7 job interview result Got the job and 32 40 - - 1 33.3 33 16.3 rejected it Failed 10 12.5 - - - - 10 4.9 Never attended any 2 2.5 120 100 2 66.7 124 61.1 job interviews Total 80 100 120 100 3 100 203 100 E RESEARCH FINDINGS (Employer Respondents) M P  All employer respondents claimed the technical skills is one of the most important L attribute should acquired by unemployed. O  The soft-skills (94.1%) and appearance (91.6%) also are important attributes that Y influence employer expectation on job seekers. M  58.3% of stakeholders agreed that preference of employee towards foreign workers E is one of the main causes of unemployment problem in Perak.

N  50% stakeholders also claimed that the lack of skills as one of the unemployment T causes among labour force in Perak

B A C K G R O U N D Source: Semi-structured questionnaire (2012)

RESEARCH FINDINGS U N Table 1.10 Spearman's Correlation test: Employer working experience with  In order to explore unemployment causes in Malaysia E Sig. No. of more on the employer Unemployment causes in Correlation (2- responde M Malaysia Coefficient perspective on tailed) nts P unemployment, Low level of education/ qualification 0.098 0.576 72 L respondents also asked Lack of skills 0.100 0.568 72 the causes of Slow growth of the economy 0.419* 0.012 72 O Voluntary unemployment 0.031 0.861 72 unemployment in Racial Discrimination 0.143 0.411 72 Y Preference of employee towards Malaysia (Table 1.10) -0.100 0.566 72 M  foreign workers The Spearman's test Mismatch job availability and 0.211 0.224 72 E shows that working geographical location Employee preferences to work on N duration of respondents 0.111 0.532 72 (employers) is not temporary basis T Low-wage 0.114 0.529 72 influenced their opinion The courses or/and subjects that the on the causes of graduates studied are not relevant and -0.176 0.311 72 C unemployment in not applicable to the industry Not prepared to be relocated to other -0.380* 0.024 72 U Malaysia area A  Based on the analysis it S was found that slow * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). E growth in economic and employee unwillingness S to relocate was Source: Semi-structured questionnaire (2012)

RESEARCH FINDINGS O C Table 1.11 Spearman's Correlation test: Employer working experience with unemployment causes in Malaysia C Education background Never U Ability to speak Primary Secondary Tertiary attended Others Total English language school school education P school No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % A Very weak (1– 2) - - 2 18.2 21 16.9 - - - - 23 11.3 Weak (3 - 4) - - 5 45.5 38 30.6 4 6.6 1 25 48 23.6 T Fair (5 - 6) 2 66.7 4 36.4 53 42.7 24 39.3 1 25 84 41.4 Good (7 - 8) 1 33.3 - - 11 8.9 21 34.4 2 50 35 17.2 I Very Good (9 - 10) - - - - 1 0.8 12 19.7 - - 13 6.4 O Total 3 100 11 100 124 100 61 100 4 100 203 100 N  Loganathan, Ishak Yussof and Table 1.12 Respondents’ preference on other types of skills A Kogid (2012), one of the factors List of Non-technical Skills No. % contribute to a high number of Multimedia and information 5 2.5 L technology unemployment rate in Malaysia is the Agriculture 3 1.5 lack of skills among low educated Cooking and culinary 6 3.0 S labour. Sewing 8 3.9 K Entrepreneurship 1 .5  10.8% choose automotive as the I Sports 2 1.0 preferred technical skills compared Management 2 1.0 L to industrial engineering (0.5%) and Music and arts 2 1.0 L electronic skills (3.9%) Not relevant 87 42.9 Total 116 57.1 S  Others, choose ‘other’ types of Source: Semi-structured questionnaire (2012) technical skills (Table 1.12)

RESEARCH FINDINGS

 Employment Result of the survey (unemployed respondents): J preferences on  58.6% are more preferred a location of work closer to home O categories of: with less than 30 minute walking distance. The respondents prefer to find jobs locally rather than relocate. They willing to B 1) Salary, 2) Location of job commute (maximum 1 hours) rather than relocate.  31% respondents give a highest score to high wage criteria 3) Types of sectors. P  37.9% given the lowest score on the category of professional  Respondents are R sector. asked to choose a  This shows that majority of respondents were more inclined E score; 1 – 5 in which to involve in semi-skilled and unskilled sector F 1 is the lowest score  and 5 is the highest A Pearson Correlation test was made to test educational E background and respondents’ preference to enter unskilled score R manual and semi-skilled sector (Table 1.13).

E Table 1.13 Spearman's Correlation test N Correlation Sig. (2- No. of Spearman's rho C Coefficient tailed) respondents Semi-skilled sector -0.113 0.109 201 E Unskilled manual -0.146* 0.039 200 labor S Skilled sector -0.174* 0.013 200 Professional Sector 0.367** 0.000 201

* & **. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). I RESEARCH FINDINGS M P Result of the survey: A  83.8% respondents agreed that unemployment caused a stress and anxiety due to a job C loss, low self-esteem (77.8%, 158 respondents) and decrease in purchasing power T (71.9%, 146 respondents) S  50.2% claimed that unemployment incidence caused a loss connection and interaction with friends and decrease in social outing (47.8%, 97 respondents). O  91.6% of employer respondents proposed the literacy programme (English) and F university enrichment programme as the most suitable enhancement programme for unemployed (Table 1.14) U Table 1.14 Stakeholders’ Suggestion and recommendation for Unemployed N Types of Enhancement Skills Programme % E a) Working in part-time job 88.8 M a) Voluntarily join in odds-jobs 86.1 a) Participate in enhancement training programme 91.6 P a) Registered with local employment agencies 88.8 L a) Further study 86 a) Starting own business 88.8 O Source: Semi-structured questionnaire (2012) Y M E N T

Summary of Findings S U From the summary of analysis, several issues are highlighted as the following; M i. Unemployment duration and education background influence the respondents decision M on effort to find job and selecting work sector. A ii. Majority of respondents who are actively searching for job faced difficulties in terms of R time and financial constraints. Y iii. Due to a difficulties in terms of time and financial constraints, majority of unemployed preferred a location of work closer to home with less than 30 minute travel distance. Based on the interview, some of the respondents were reluctant to work further than O their local area. F iv. Majority of the unemployed used newspaper and internet as the medium to find a job. However road tours or onsite promotion at local area were suggested as a way for F unemployed to find jobs locally. I v. Respondents claimed that preference of employee towards foreign workers is one of the main causes of unemployment problem in Malaysia N vi. Majority of the respondents claimed that unemployment caused a stress and anxiety D due to a job loss, low self-esteem, decrease in purchasing power. I vii. Respondents also admitted that unemployment problem affect the income of the family N and caused their quality of life and living condition (example living in low cost area) G S

RECOMMENDATIONS 1) Creation and Access to Job High-impact project/ development The locational and promotional policies in encouraging companies to set up in Perak A will bring more job opportunities especially to the local people. Commercial and C industrial activities are still at the low rate as compared to the other state, i.e. . T Integrating regional and state development strategies I An allocation of resources and strategies to attract investor should be included in the O state development policies and strategies. Access to Capital for Start-ups N One of the strategies is to provide incentive for start-ups and potential business

especially local entrepreneur. This can includes the local business run by single-mother, P disabilities and fresh graduate. Businesses that have a high potential growth such as L homestay and traditional craft should be included to widen the employment A opportunities among the local people. N Reduce dependency on foreign workers One of the propose measure to increase the involvement of local people is through reducing the number of foreign workers in the market. The issue has been highlighted by both unemployed and employer respondents.

RECOMMENDATIONS 2) The Solid Foundation Education A measure to provide education opportunity especially to early school leaver to re-entry the education path should be prioritized. Vocational and technical training targeted to unemployed and early school A leavers can help in giving training and vocational educational. Currently there are approximately 194 C technical-vocational institutions in Malaysia and promotion among this agencies such as Giat Mara, Polytechnics, Community Colleges (certificates and short course) and Skill Training Institutes need to be T done in Perak I O N

P L A N

RECOMMENDATIONS

Traineeships Traineeships or internship are targeted the unemployed especially for diploma and degree holder. This measure should be promoted in co-operation with A private organisation in Perak. C Training skill programme T This initiative aims to provide soft skill training such as language and literacy, training I and wide range of vocational skills especially to those with no formal education, early O school leaver, single-mother and disable group. N 3) Other Significant Matters Improvement on the transportation P The improvement of transportation and access to public transportation should be included in the development planning of the state. As identified in the analysis, some L respondents prefer to find jobs within their local area and good accessibilities can A increase the opportunity of labour to access jobs at the potential growth centre. N Easy access to employment The propose measure is to encourage a widen employment promotion to all areas in Perak through the jobs fairs, promotions at strategic area such as local community hall, district offices, local shopping mall. Provision of adequate infrastructure and easy access to information technology (ICT) also would help in the access to potential employment .