Ice House at Mount Stewart Demesne UAS/11/02
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Illus 1 Location of Ice Houses Listed by the RCAHMS in Perth and Kinross and in Fife
Illus 1 Location of ice houses listed by the RCAHMS in Perth and Kinross and in Fife. (Crown copyright, licence number AL 100034704) Three Perthshire ice houses: selected results of a desk-based assessment and a programme of field investigations Adrian Cox Introduction of building an ice house. Its compiler, Philip Miller, stressed the importance of a dry situation for the build- This paper presents some of the results of a desk-based ing, noting that moisture was prejudicial to the storage assessment of the nature, level of recording and condi- of ice. A raised position, to facilitate drainage, was also tion of surviving ice-houses in Perthshire and Fife, desirable. along with selected results of a small programme of The fishing industry was the largest consumer of ice field investigations undertaken with a view to highlight- in Britain, and the last user of natural ice. The earliest ing site management and conservation issues. The re- large-scale use was in Scotland, where ice collected sults of investigations of three ice houses in Perthshire from lochs was used in the late 18th and 19th centuries are presented in depth here, and discussed in the light for packing salmon for transportation. By around 1820, of an overview of the historical background to ice ice was becoming routinely used in the salmon trade house construction and use. Both the desk-based as- across Britain. sessment and subsequent field investigations were spon- During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the sored by Historic Scotland. wealth of landowners increased rapidly, leading to in- Although important features in the 17th- to 19th- creased demand for ice in summer to cool drinks and century landscape, many ice houses across Scotland make exotic desserts. -
Let's Crank Some Ice Cream
Let’s Crank Some Ice Cream! The history of ice harvesting, the ice industry, refrigeration, and making ice cream Kathi Elkins 7-29-19 OLLI: Summer 2019 Ice Storage and Ice Houses: 1780 BC --- ice house in northern Mesopotamian 1100 BC --- evidence of ice pits in China By 400 BC --- Persian engineers had mastered techniques of constructing yakhchāl to store ice harvested from nearby mountains. 300 BC --- Alexander the Great (snow pits to hold snow and ice) 200s AD --- Romans (snow shops) Cold springs, root cellars Ice Houses: Yakhchāl (this one at Yazd, Iran) is a Persian ice pit or a type of evaporative cooler. Above ground, the structure had a domed shape, but had a subterranean storage space. It was often used to store ice and food. The subterranean space coupled with the thick heat-resistant construction material insulated the storage space all year. Ice Houses: Ice houses in England/UK. Ice Houses: Croome's thatched ice house, Worcestershire, UK Ice Houses: Botany Bay Icehouse, Edisto Island, SC Ice Houses: Ice house designs usually began as an underground egg-shaped cellar. This ice house, dating from 1780s and designed by architect John Nash, was discovered in 2018 buried under London streets. In 1822, following a very mild winter, William Leftwich chartered a vessel to Norway to collect 300 tons of ice harvested from crystal-clear frozen lakes. Previous imports had been lost at sea, or melted while baffled customs officials dithered over how to tax such unique cargo. John Nash designed the Royal Pavilion at Brighton, as well as Buckingham Palace. -
Cottage Ornee
Survey Report No. 30 Janna McDonald and June Welsh Cottage Ornée Mount Stewart Demesne County Down 2 © Ulster Archaeological Society First published 2016 Ulster Archaeological Society c/o School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology The Queen’s University of Belfast Belfast BT7 1NN Cover illustration: Artist’s impression of the Cottage Ornée at Mount Stewart, County Down. J. Magill _____________________________________________________________________ 3 CONTENTS List of figures 4 1. Summary 5 2. Introduction 9 3. Survey 15 4. Discussion 17 5. Recommendations for further work 29 6. Bibliography 29 Appendix Photographic record 30 4 LIST OF FIGURES Figures Page 1. Location map for Mount Stewart.......................................................................... 5 2. View of monument, looking west……….............................................................6 3. Mound, looking south-east....................................................................................7 4. The Glen Burn, to the south of the site, looking east………................................7 5. Quarry face to the north-west, looking south………………………....................8 6. View of the north wall, looking south-east…………............................................9 7. Photogrammetry image of north wall....................................................................9 8. Mount Stewart house and gardens……................................................................11 9. Estate map (Geddes 1779)…………………………............................................11 10. OS -
Biographical Appendix
Biographical Appendix The following women are mentioned in the text and notes. Abney- Hastings, Flora. 1854–1887. Daughter of 1st Baron Donington and Edith Rawdon- Hastings, Countess of Loudon. Married Henry FitzAlan Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk, 1877. Acheson, Theodosia. 1882–1977. Daughter of 4th Earl of Gosford and Louisa Montagu (daughter of 7th Duke of Manchester and Luise von Alten). Married Hon. Alexander Cadogan, son of 5th Earl of Cadogan, 1912. Her scrapbook of country house visits is in the British Library, Add. 75295. Alten, Luise von. 1832–1911. Daughter of Karl von Alten. Married William Montagu, 7th Duke of Manchester, 1852. Secondly, married Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire, 1892. Grandmother of Alexandra, Mary, and Theodosia Acheson. Annesley, Katherine. c. 1700–1736. Daughter of 3rd Earl of Anglesey and Catherine Darnley (illegitimate daughter of James II and Catherine Sedley, Countess of Dorchester). Married William Phipps, 1718. Apsley, Isabella. Daughter of Sir Allen Apsley. Married Sir William Wentworth in the late seventeenth century. Arbuthnot, Caroline. b. c. 1802. Daughter of Rt. Hon. Charles Arbuthnot. Stepdaughter of Harriet Fane. She did not marry. Arbuthnot, Marcia. 1804–1878. Daughter of Rt. Hon. Charles Arbuthnot. Stepdaughter of Harriet Fane. Married William Cholmondeley, 3rd Marquess of Cholmondeley, 1825. Aston, Barbara. 1744–1786. Daughter and co- heir of 5th Lord Faston of Forfar. Married Hon. Henry Clifford, son of 3rd Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, 1762. Bannister, Henrietta. d. 1796. Daughter of John Bannister. She married Rev. Hon. Brownlow North, son of 1st Earl of Guilford, 1771. Bassett, Anne. Daughter of Sir John Bassett and Honor Grenville. -
It's a Cool Story!
© 2000 by The American Society of Mechanical Engineers It's a Cool Story! Refrigeration and air conditioning in the 20th century By Bernard Nagengast One hundred years ago, folks suffered and sometimes died from a failure to mitigate heat. Though welcome in winter, heat could and did destroy the human race's food and their productive spirit. Sickness from improperly preserved food in summer was more deadly as the stricken suffered in hot, humid hospital rooms. The healthy suffered, too, from summer doldrums. Offices, their furniture sticky, saw worker creativity and productivity drop as temperatures--and tempers--soared. Heat waves brought heatstroke in crowded cities. Folks who could flee the South every summer did so, while the general trend in permanent southern U.S. population was down. Why stay there? Why move there? Even Washington, D.C., all but shut down in summer. That's the way it was before mechanical engineers perfected two of the 20th century's technical marvels—domestic refrigeration and comfort air conditioning. This story is one of alchemy—not lead into gold, but fantasy into necessity. From Ice House to Ice Cube Last year, more than 1,000 people were asked which appliance would be the hardest to live without. The answer: their refrigerator. Modern life is unthinkable without supermarket fresh food, available any time of the year, purchased at one's convenience an hour, week, or month before the meal is actually eaten. Our forefathers lived differently. Certain foods were unavailable in some seasons. Most folks had no means of keeping perishable food cold in summer. -
Mountain Springs (1890-1948)
Mountain Springs (1890-1948) The Early Years Bowmans Creek for the Lehigh Valley Railroad. Apparently, Splash Dam No. 1 was used as a splash dam at least through 1895, but it was not suc- The ice industry at Mountain Springs may not have been intentionally cessful. The fall in the creek was too steep and the twisting creek bed designed. Harveys Lake would have been the natural site for a major ice caused the released water to rush ahead of the logs, and too often the industry, but the Wright and Barnum patents to the lake discouraged its logs became stranded along the shore instead of being carried down- development. Indeed, Splash Dam No. 1 at Bean Run was developed by stream to the mill. Albert Lewis, not for the ice industry, but as an extension of his lumber With the completion and sale by Lewis to the Lehigh Valley of the rail- industry at Stull downstream on Bowmans Creek. road along the creek in 1893, a splash dam was not critical to carry the In October 1890, the Albert Lewis Lumber and Manufacturing logs to mill. His company ran log railroad lines into the forest lands to Company began construction of a log and timber dam on Bowmans haul timber to the Lehigh Valley line and then down to Stull. Lewis then Creek, near Bean Run, a small stream which runs into the creek. The ini- converted Splash Dam No. 1 to icecutting in the mid-1890s, an industry tial dam site was a failure; the creek bed was too soft to support a dam. -
The Story of the Knickerbocker Ice Company and Rockland Lake an I
Knickerbocker Ice Festival at Rockland Lake Winter’s Bounty: the Story of the Knickerbocker Ice Company and Rockland Lake An introduction to a great moment in Rockland’s story Written by Gretchen Weerheim Before the time of refrigerators… Imagine it’s July. It’s very hot outside, and you have a real craving for ice cream and a freezing cold glass of lemonade. You sit and think about how good these would taste and how much cooler you would feel if you could slurp these down. But these two treats would only remain a dream, because there is no ice to cool the lemonade or freeze the cream. Why? The year is 1834, and there are no refrigerators or freezers. Actually, ice was available, but only in the winter months when ice froze in lakes. That didn’t help you very much in July, when you wanted to cool off and dive into a dish of chocolate ice cream. It seemed unfair, somehow. There had to be a way to save a piece of winter for summer. A few imaginative gentlemen figured out a way to do just that, using ice from Rockland Lake and started the Knickerbocker Ice Company. Electricity was not yet harnessed to produce the power that would eventually enable refrigeration. That would not be possible for some years to come. However, ice could be preserved, if one was careful enough, and could be made to last until the following winter. Starting in 1835, developing the way to preserve ice began in earnest. Between 1835 and 1865, methods improved so greatly to harvest ice from Rockland Lake that not only was it possible to enjoy ice cream in July here in Rockland County, but throughout the region. -
Ice Cutting at Bantam Lake N
Ice House Ruins Tour Map Follow the Lake Trail (L = yellow blaze) Round trip ~ 1 mile Ice Cutting at Bantam Lake Berkshire Ice Company 1908-1927 Museum and Parking Lot Southern New England Ice Company 1927-1929 Lake Trail 8 6 7 5 4 3 2 1 Before the advent of the refrigerator, people kept food from spoiling by placing it in an icebox—a wooden cabinet with shelves for perishables and a large compartment for a block N of ice to keep everything cold. Where did this ice come Bantam Lake from? It was cut from lakes and ponds in the winter in re- gions where the temperatures were below freezing for ex- tended periods of time. Ice blocks were cut by farmers for Photos are courtesy of the Morris Historical Society and the family use and by crews employed by large commercial Bantam Historical Society with special thanks to Lee Swift and concerns. Both occurred at Bantam Lake. The commercial Betsy Antonucci. operation was centered on the north shore and involved White Memorial Foundation one of the largest ice block storage facilities in southern 71 Whitehall Road, P.O. Box 368 New England. The company even had railroad service Litchfield, CT 06763 making the distribution of ice to distant cities possible. (860) 567-0857 www.whitememorialcc.org 2014 West side of ice house showing box car and men shoveling snow from the tracks 8. The railroad line – This spur (now the beginning of the Butter- nut Brook Trail) led out to the main line of the Shepaug Railroad near the Lake Station. -
Reforming Education in Post-Partition Northern Ireland: State Control and Churches’ Interference
History of Education Journal of the History of Education Society ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/thed20 Reforming education in post-partition Northern Ireland: state control and churches’ interference Cecilia Biaggi To cite this article: Cecilia Biaggi (2020) Reforming education in post-partition Northern Ireland: state control and churches’ interference, History of Education, 49:3, 379-397, DOI: 10.1080/0046760X.2020.1738563 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/0046760X.2020.1738563 © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Published online: 05 Jun 2020. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 12 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=thed20 HISTORY OF EDUCATION 2020, VOL. 49, NO. 3, 379–397 https://doi.org/10.1080/0046760X.2020.1738563 Reforming education in post-partition Northern Ireland: state control and churches’ interference Cecilia Biaggi Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY After the partition of Ireland, the newly established parliament in Received 1 April 2019 Belfast was given control over education. The unionist government, Accepted 1 March 2020 mainly representing the majoritarian Protestant population, KEYWORDS embarked on a reform of the pre-existing denominational educa- Education reforms; tion system and tried to persuade all the churches to transfer their denominational education; schools to state control in exchange for public funding. Despite the Catholic Church; Protestant sincere efforts of the first Minister of Education, the Catholic Church churches; Northern Ireland rejected interference in education from a government that its followers perceived as hostile, while the Protestant churches became increasingly intransigent in their demands for more control over state schools. -
Student Journal Pages
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Buena Vista St
Buena 4205 vista DALLAS // TEXAS A vibrant infill office/retail development site located along the Katy Trail Buena 4205vista BuenaBuena Vista St. N. Fitzhugh Ave. offering summary HFF has been exclusively retained to offer an opportunity for qualified investors to purchase the fee simple interest in a prime office/retail development site known as the Buena Vista Katy Trail Development Site (the “Property”), located in the Katy Trail/Uptown area of Dallas and adjacent to the prestigious Highland Park neighborhood. The Property’s irreplace- able location is at the heart of the liveliest district in North Texas, home to the most popular nightlife, dining, shopping, and entertainment the city has to offer while having direct access and unobstructed views of the Katy Trail. In addition, Buena Vista Katy Trail Development Site represents one of the city’s last opportunities to develop a truly iconic asset in a coveted location while being situated within the most sought after submarket in the metro. INVESTMENT HIGHLIGHTS COVETED KATY TRAIL DEVELOPMENT SITES – Buena Vista Katy Trail Development Site is positioned along Fitzhugh Avenue in the highly desirable Katy Trail/Uptown submarket where land sites for development are at a premium due to their scarcity. The Property is bordered by strong demographics, a growing population, and the Katy Trail. IRREPLACEABLE, EASILY ACCESSIBLE LOCATION – Situated on the border of the Uptown and Highland Park neighborhoods, Buena Vista Katy Trail Development Site is afforded excellent access and visibility as the site enjoys direct entrance to the Katy Trail that connects Victory Park and SMU and is one of the finest amenities in the city of Dallas. -
Memorial City Expands North of I 10 with Kirby Ice House, Torchy's
Memorial City expands north of I 10 with IN THE NEWS Kirby Ice House, Torchy’s Tacos, Mia’s Table BY LAURA GILLESPIE APR 2, 2019, 9:04AM METRONATIONAL 945 BUNKER HILL SUITE 400 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77024 MAIN 713.973.6400 LEASING 713.984.1001 Houston-based real estate development company MetroNational is expanding Memorial City north of Interstate 10 with a mixed-use development on an 18-acre tract at the corner of Gessner and the Katy Freeway, according to a press release. The new development will feature a number of new restaurant locations, notably a second location for Kirby Ice House. Mia’s Table, which already has three locations in Upper Kirby, Shenandoah and Webster, will see its fourth location in the new development, and the explosively popular Austin-based Torchy’s Tacos will open its 15th location there. Kirby Ice House, a patio bar, will span 7,000 square feet and will be designed by Energy Architecture, per the release. It will serve beer, cocktails and wine. With a groundbreaking slated for this summer, it is expected to open in spring 2020. The first Kirby Ice House opened in 2016 at 3333 Eastside St. Mia’s Table — one of Houston restaurateur Johnny Carrabba’s concepts — sells burgers, barbecue and “country sides,” as well as malts and shakes. It will be 5,830 square feet, while Torchy’s Tacos will be 4,550 square feet. Both the restaurants will share a 7,000-square-foot courtyard. The two will break ground this spring and have an expected opening of spring 2020, per the release.