DOCSLIB.ORG

Behavioral Inoculation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Behavioral Inoculation BEHAVIORAL INOCULATION An effective communication strategy to induce resistance towardsAn effective negative communicat internet messagesion strategy about to the induce HPV resistance-vaccination? towards negative internet messages about the HPV-vaccination? Written by: Marloes Beerling (890725-044-040) Supervisors: Dr. L. Mollema Dr. E.W.M.L. de Vet MSc programme: Applied Communication Science Specialization: Strategic Communication in Innovation Wageningen University Department of Social Sciences MSc Thesis Chair Group: Knowledge, Information and Technology 0 Abstract Background In 2009, the vaccination against the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), the virus that can cause cervical cancer, was included in the National Immunization Programme for 12 and 13 year old girls. The uptake of the HPV- vaccination was lower than expected (50%). It is believed that one of the main reasons for the low vaccination rate was the negative and incorrect media coverage about the vaccination, specifically on the internet. Therefore, communication tools are needed to make parents of 12 and 13 year old girls more resilient towards these media messages. The inoculation strategy (McGuire, 1961) is such a communication tool and posits that individuals can be made resistant to persuasive attacks by exposing them to weak arguments against their current attitude, including a refutation of these arguments (McGuire, 1961). The purpose of this study is to assess whether McGuire’s inoculation theory is an effective strategy to strengthen the attitudes of parents towards the HPV-vaccination. Methods An online two-phase experiment with three conditions was carried out among 390 parents and guardians of 12 and 13 year old girls. Phase 1 consisted of a baseline measurement. In addition, during phase 1 participants in condition 1 were asked to read a message written according to the principles of behavioral inoculation and participants in condition 2 were asked to read the mini-magazine that is currently used by the RIVM to inform parents about the HPV-vaccination. Condition 3 was the control condition. Seven days after the participants completed phase 1, participants were invited to take part in phase 2 of the experiment. The participants read a persuasive attack in the form of a vaccine-critical internet message and filled out the follow-up measurement. Resilience towards persuasive messages was assessed by the outcome variables attitude extremity (how positive or negative parents are towards HPV-vaccination) and attitude certainty (how certain parents are about their attitude towards HPV-vaccination). Results Participants in the inoculation condition (condition 1) did not have a greater feeling of threat than participants in the mini-magazine and the control condition, indicating that the experimental inoculation manipulation was not successful. Overall, the participants who received the mini-magazine scored higher at follow-up on attitude extremity and attitude certainty scores than the participants in the inoculation and control condition. All participants got more negative at follow-up measurement on attitude extremity scores, especially the prior positive and high involved participants; this negative change was significant for the inoculation and control condition. Conclusions Behavioural inoculation is not an effective strategy to induce resistance to persuasion on the topic of HPV- vaccination. The behavioural inoculation treatment was less effective than the currently used HPV mini- magazine and only slightly more effective than not giving any additional information to the parents. Therefore, implementation of texts written according to the principles of behavioral inoculation is not recommended. In addition, the results suggest that the persuasive attack was responsible for the negative attitude change among parents. This finding indicates that more attention needs to be paid to strategic communication interventions that induce resistance towards negative media messages on the topic of HPV-vaccination. Keywords Inoculation theory, behavioral inoculation, HPV-vaccination, public communication 1 Table of Contents 1. General Background _____________________________________________________________________ 4 1.1 Introduction _______________________________________________________________________ 4 1.2 Problem Statement _________________________________________________________________ 5 1.3 Research Objective _________________________________________________________________ 5 1.4 Overview of this report ______________________________________________________________ 6 2. Theoretical Framework __________________________________________________________________ 7 2.1 Inoculation Theory __________________________________________________________________ 7 2.1.1 The inoculation mechanism __________________________________________________________ 7 2.1.1.1 Threat _______________________________________________________________________ 7 2.1.1.2 Refutational preemption ________________________________________________________ 8 2.1.2 Additional factors that influence behavioral inoculation ____________________________________ 8 2.1.2.1 Inoculation time _______________________________________________________________ 8 2.1.2.2 Issue involvement ______________________________________________________________ 9 2.1.2.3 Valence of prior attitude ________________________________________________________ 9 2.2 Operationalizing resistance to persuasion _______________________________________________ 9 2.3 Empirical review___________________________________________________________________ 10 2.3.1 Empirical support for behavioral inoculation ____________________________________________ 10 2.3.2 Empirical review of behavioural inoculation in health promotion ___________________________ 10 3. Sub questions & hypotheses _____________________________________________________________ 12 4. Research Method ______________________________________________________________________ 14 4.1 Target population _________________________________________________________________ 14 4.1.1 Characteristics of dropouts __________________________________________________________ 14 4.1.2 Deletions ________________________________________________________________________ 15 4.2 Research design and procedure ______________________________________________________ 15 4.2.1 Procedure ________________________________________________________________________ 15 4.3 Information interventions ___________________________________________________________ 16 4.3.1 Inoculation message (condition 1) ____________________________________________________ 16 4.3.2 Information brochure HPV-vaccination {condition 2) _____________________________________ 17 4.4 Variables _________________________________________________________________________ 17 4.4.1 Background variables _______________________________________________________________ 17 4.4.2 Main variables __________________________________________________________________ 18 4.4.3 Manipulation check ________________________________________________________________ 19 4.4.3 Covariates _______________________________________________________________________ 20 4.4.4 Evaluation measures _______________________________________________________________ 21 4.5 Statistical analysis _________________________________________________________________ 21 5. Results _______________________________________________________________________________ 22 2 5.1 Description of participants __________________________________________________________ 22 5.1.2 Comparison study population with Dutch population _____________________________________ 22 5.2 Distribution of variables ____________________________________________________________ 23 5.3 Randomization check _______________________________________________________________ 24 5.4 Manipulation check ________________________________________________________________ 24 5.5 Correlations between covariates and outcome variables __________________________________ 26 5.6 Hypothesis testing _________________________________________________________________ 26 6. Discussion and Conclusion _______________________________________________________________ 32 6.1 Main results ______________________________________________________________________ 32 6.1.1 Finding 1 _________________________________________________________________________ 32 6.1.2 Finding 2 _________________________________________________________________________ 33 6.2 Limitations _______________________________________________________________________ 33 6.3 Practical implications _______________________________________________________________ 34 6.4 Recommendations for future research _________________________________________________ 34 6.5 Final conclusions __________________________________________________________________ 35 Acknowledgements _______________________________________________________________________ 35 References ________________________________________________________________________________ 36 Appendices_______________________________________________________________________________ 40 3 1. General Background 1.1 Introduction Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent type of cancer among women in the Netherlands (RIVM, 2013). Every year 600 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and on a yearly basis 200 - 250 women die because of this disease in the Netherlands. Cervical cancer is caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a virus transmitted through sexual intercourse.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Political Entertainment Media and the Elaboration Likelihood Model
    Political Entertainment Media and the Elaboration Likelihood Model: A Focus on the Roles of Motivation and Ability Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Heather Lyn LaMarre, MPA, MA Graduate Program in Communication The Ohio State University 2009 Dissertation Committee: R. Lance Holbert, Advisor David Ewoldsen Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick Michael McCluskey Copyright by Heather Lyn LaMarre 2009 Abstract This dissertation extends the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) to the study of political communication. In particular, the project focuses on the role of ability and motivation, relative to contact with a variety of political entertainment media messages, on cognitive elaborations. Two studies were conducted to examine these political entertainment processes and effects. The first study was a 2 (ability: low, high) x 2 (media stimuli: The Daily Show, Anderson Cooper 360o) between-subjects design that examined individual-level cognitive elaboration and attitudes about the AIG executive bonus scandal involving government bailout funds. The second study was a 2 (motivation: high, low) x 2 (media stimuli: Sicko, Sicko and An American Carol) between-subjects design that examined individual-level cognitive elaboration and attitudes concerning nationalized healthcare. Results replicated traditional ELM findings. Ability and motivation had direct effects on individual-level elaboration. The main effects of ability and motivation were also found for issue-relevant and positively valenced thoughts. Message directly influenced individual-level elaborations, including total and issue-relevant thoughts. Additionally, interactions between message and ability were found for source credibility, counter-arguments, and media engagement.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Video for Consumer Attitude Inoculation About Beef Animal Slaughter: a Quasi-Experimental Study
    USING VIDEO FOR CONSUMER ATTITUDE INOCULATION ABOUT BEEF ANIMAL SLAUGHTER: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY By KATHERINE ELIZABETH POWERS Bachelor of Science in Animal Science Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 2012 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE July, 2014 USING VIDEO FOR CONSUMER ATTITUDE INOCULATION ABOUT BEEF ANIMAL SLAUGHTER: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY Thesis Approved: Dr. Traci L. Naile Thesis Adviser Dr. Robert Terry, Jr. Dr. Gretchen Mafi ii Name: KATHERINE ELIZABETH POWERS Date of Degree: JULY, 2014 Title of Study: USING VIDEO FOR CONSUMER ATTITUDE INOCULATION ABOUT BEEF ANIMAL SLAUGHTER: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY Major Field: AGRICULTURAL COMMUNICATIONS Abstract: Consumers are demanding transparency of agricultural practices. Americans lack agricultural literacy and they need accurate information sources they can trust. Therefore, an effective communication method is needed to make the agricultural industry more transparent. With the increased consumer concern for animal welfare, the industry needs to be more transparent about humane beef cattle slaughter. Few studies exist determining consumer attitudes about beef animal slaughter and how it affects his or her attitudes, especially using the inoculation theory framework. Studies show individuals learn faster with visual media platforms. The purpose of this study was to determine the success of using video mass media communication for consumer attitude inoculation about beef animal slaughter. This study was a quasi-experimental online questionnaire of semantic differential scales, with a control and treatment group. The treatment group was exposed to a video of the beef animal slaughter process, produced by the American Meat Institute for the Glass Walls Project and guided by Temple Grandin.
    [Show full text]
  • Neutralizing Misinformation Through Inoculation: Exposing Misleading Argumentation Techniques Reduces Their Influence
    Cite as: Cook, J., Lewandowsky, S., & Ecker, U. K. (2017). Neutralizing misinformation through inoculation: Exposing misleading argumentation techniques reduces their influence. PloS One, 12(5), e0175799. Neutralizing misinformation through inoculation: exposing misleading argumentation techniques reduces their influence John Cook1,2* Stephan Lewandowsky3,2, Ullrich K. H. Ecker2 1 Center for Climate Change Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA 2 School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia 3 School of Experimental Psychology and Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK * Corresponding author Email: [email protected] Running head: NEUTRALIZING MISINFORMATION 2 1 Abstract 2 Misinformation can undermine a well-functioning democracy. For example, public 3 misconceptions about climate change can lead to lowered acceptance of the reality of climate 4 change and lowered support for mitigation policies. This study experimentally explored the 5 impact of misinformation about climate change and tested several pre-emptive interventions 6 designed to reduce the influence of misinformation. We found that false-balance media coverage 7 (giving contrarian views equal voice with climate scientists) lowered perceived consensus 8 overall, although the effect was greater among free-market supporters. Likewise, misinformation 9 that confuses people about the level of scientific agreement regarding anthropogenic global 10 warming (AGW) had a polarizing effect, with free-market supporters reducing their acceptance 11 of AGW and those with low free-market support increasing their acceptance of AGW. However, 12 we found that inoculating messages that (1) explain the flawed argumentation technique used in 13 the misinformation or that (2) highlight the scientific consensus on climate change were effective 14 in neutralizing those adverse effects of misinformation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Risk Perception, Efficacy and Inoculating Risk Communication
    Public Preparedness and Response: The Role of Risk Perception, Efficacy and Inoculating Risk Communication William J. Burns OHSU/PSU Fall Symposium November 30 2018 “This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under Grant Award 2017-ST-061-QA0001. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representinG the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.” Events Carry a Risk Signature and Invite Threat Appraisal • What does this event portend for the future? • Risk Signal • How will we cope with this type of event? • Efficacy Boston Marathon (2013) University of Iowa 3:40pm November 1 1991 Las Vegas (2017) Indian Ocean (2004) Japan (2011) Hurricane Sandy: NYC-FDR (2012) “Camp Fire” Northern California (2018) How Quickly Do We Recover? The Economic Impacts of a Terrorist Attack on the U.S. Commercial Aviation System1 Peter Gordon, James E. Moore, II, Ji Young Park and Harry W. Richardson (2007) 70,000,000 Half-life ~ 90 days Predictions an 9/11 60,000,000 approximation of authors’ forecasts Passenger 50,000,000 Miles (domestic) 40,000,000 Actual 30,000,000 Predicted 20,000,000 10,000,000 0 Jul Jul Jan Jan Jun Jun Oct Apr Apr Feb Sep Feb Sep Dec AuG AuG Nov Mar Mar May May 1Graph based on excerpt from authors’ data 2001 2002 London Train Bombings: Predicted vs. Actual Passengers (Prager, Asay, Lee & von Winterfeldt, 2011) 22000 Half-life 45 days 20000 18000 Predicted 16000 First Bombing Actual 14000 Passengers (000s) Passengers Second Bombing 12000 Attempts Full Service Restored 10000 Jan April July Oct Dec 2005 Japanese Triple Crisis: Emotional Response in the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Debunking Handbook 2020 2 for More Information on the Debunking Handbook 2020 Including the Consensus Process by Which It Was Developed, See
    e Debunking Handbook 2020 Authors Stephan Lewandowsky David N. Rapp University of Bristol and School of Education and Social Policy & Department University of Western Australia of Psychology, Northwestern University cogsciwa.com rapplab.sesp.northwestern.edu John Cook Jason Reifler George Mason University University of Exeter climatechangecommunication.org jasonreifler.com Jon Roozenbeek Ullrich Ecker University of Cambridge University of Western Australia chu.cam.ac.uk/people/view/jon-roozenbeek emc-lab.org Philipp Schmid Dolores Albarracín Department of Psychology, University of Erfurt University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign philippschmid.org psychology.illinois.edu/people/dalbarra Colleen M. Seifert Michelle A. Amazeen University of Michigan Boston University lsa.umich.edu/psych bu.edu/com/profile/michelle-amazeen/ Gale M. Sinatra Panayiota Kendeou Rossier School of Education, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Southern California University of Minnesota motivatedchangelab.com/ cehd.umn.edu/edpsych/people/kend0040/ Briony Swire-Thompson Doug Lombardi Network Science Institute, Northeastern University University of Maryland Institute of Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, sciencelearning.net brionyswire.com Eryn J. Newman Sander van der Linden Research School of Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge The Australian National University psychol.cam.ac.uk/people/sander-van-der-linden erynjnewman.com Emily K. Vraga Gordon Pennycook Hubbard School of Journalism and Mass Hill Levene Schools of Business, University of Regina Communication, University of Minnesota gordonpennycook.net emilyk.vraga.org Ethan Porter Thomas J. Wood School of Media and Public Affairs; Institute for Data, Department of Political Science, Ohio State University Democracy and Politics; Department of Political polisci.osu.edu/people/wood.1080 Science (courtesy), George Washington University Maria S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Corporate Front-Group Stealth Campaigns
    Communication Research Volume 34 Number 1 February 2007 73-99 © 2007 Sage Publications 10.1177/0093650206296083 The Influence of Corporate http://crx.sagepub.com hosted at Front-Group Stealth http://online.sagepub.com Campaigns Michael Pfau Michel M. Haigh Jeanetta Sims Shelley Wigley University of Oklahoma, Norman This research examined corporate front-group stealth campaigns. An experiment was conducted to examine the influence of front-group stealth campaigns on a variety of measures. It was anticipated that corporate front-group stealth campaigns, which feature names that mask the true interests of sponsors, positively affect public opinion, unless they are exposed as intentionally misleading, in which case they boomerang against sponsors. The experiment examined the potential of the inoculation strategy to preempt the influence of corporate front-group stealth campaigns. The pattern of results sup- ported all of these expectations. Front-group stealth campaigns proved to be effective, at least in the short term. Front-group stealth campaigns eroded public attitudes toward the issue in question and boosted perceptions of the front group, but not the corporate spon- sor. However, when front-group stealth campaigns were subsequently exposed, positive effects dissipated and perceptions of corporate sponsors boomeranged. Results revealed that inoculation can protect against the influence of front-group stealth campaigns. Keywords: front group; inoculation; stealth campaign The realms of advertising and public relations, and the nowadays closely related realm of politics, are replete with instances of bullshit so unmitigated that they can serve among the most indisputable and classic paradigms of the concept. —Harry G. Frankfurt (2005, p. 22) The current study examines the influence of corporate front-group stealth cam- paigns.
    [Show full text]
  • Inoculation-Article-Global-Challenges
    FULL PAPER xxxx This research investigated if and how public understanding of the scientific S. van der Linden,* A. Leiserowitz, consensus on human-caused climate S. Rosenthal, E. Maibach .........1600008 change can be protected (“inoculated”) against influential misinformation. Inoculating the Public against Results from a large survey experiment Misinformation about Climate Change indicate that public perceptions of the scientific consensus can be effectively inoculated against misinformation across the political spectrum. www.advancedsciencenews.com www.global-challenges.com FULL PAPER Inoculating the Public against Misinformation about Climate Change Sander van der Linden,* Anthony Leiserowitz, Seth Rosenthal, and Edward Maibach Polarization can be amplified when Effectively addressing climate change requires significant changes in indi- the inherent uncertainty of science itself vidual and collective human behavior and decision-making. Yet, in light of is used to cast doubt on the existence of [8] the increasing politicization of (climate) science, and the attempts of vested- a scientific consensus. For example, ideologically motivated, vested-interest interest groups to undermine the scientific consensus on climate change groups known as “Merchants of Doubt” through organized “disinformation campaigns,” identifying ways to effec- have orchestrated influential “disinfor- tively engage with the public about the issue across the political spectrum mation campaigns” in which they pub- has proven difficult. A growing body of research suggests that one promising licly dispute the scientific consensus on way to counteract the politicization of science is to convey the high level various issues, including human-caused climate change.[9,10] These campaigns have of normative agreement (“consensus”) among experts about the reality of not only successfully undermined public human-caused climate change.
    [Show full text]
  • Inoculation Information Against Contagious Disease Misperception About Flu with Heuristic Vs. Systematic Information and Expert Vs
    INOCULATION INFORMATION AGAINST CONTAGIOUS DISEASE MISPERCEPTION ABOUT FLU WITH HEURISTIC VS. SYSTEMATIC INFORMATION AND EXPERT VS. NON-EXPERT SOURCE SangHee Park A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2015 Committee: Gi Woong Yun, Advisor Laura A. Landry-Meyer Graduate Faculty Representative Sung-Yeon Park Srinivas R. Melkote © 2015 SangHee Park All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Gi Woong Yun, Advisor This study applied the heuristic-systematic model (HSM) and inoculation theory in order to explore risk perceptions of flu and the flu vaccination. The HSM explains individual’s information processing as an antecedent to attitude. Inoculation theory deals with how and why existing attitudes can be strengthened to resist counterarguments when confronted with persuasive messages. This study examined how people process different types of risk information, and how risk campaigns can inoculate people against attacks to preexisting beliefs. This study applied a 2 (Message framing: heuristic information message vs. systematic information message) by 2 (expert source vs. non-expert source) online experiment. The experiment was conducted at Bowling Green State University (BGSU) in Bowling Green, Ohio. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the four conditions: (1) heuristic information message from expert source, (2) heuristic information message from non-expert source, (3) systematic information message from expert source, and (4) systematic information message from non-expert source. In order to measure the effect of heuristic and systematic information messages, this study was conducted in two phases. In Phase 1, participants received one of the manipulated messages.
    [Show full text]
  • A Test of Inoculation Theory
    RESISTANCE TO ETHICALLY SUSPICIOUS PARODY VIDEO ON YOUTUBE: A TEST OF INOCULATION THEORY By Joon Soo Lim and Eyun-Jung Ki Having observed the proliferation of corporate stealth campaigns employ- ing parody videos on YouTube, we attempted to examine the effectiveness of refutational preemption in providing viewers with ability to detect unduly manipulative intent and in conferring viewer resistance to the influence of the campaign. We also compared the relative efficacy of the inoculation pretreatment to post-hoc refutation. Results showed that subjects who received a preemptive inoculation message were better able to detect unduly manipulative intent in a parody video, were more resist- ant to altering their original attitudes toward the issue, and demonstrat- ed less favorable attitudes toward the sponsor of the parody video than did their counterparts in the control group. With the evolution of Web media from digital interactive media' to social media, new ethical issues involving the use of social media's unique characteristics have also emerged. Increasingly, corporate front groups have been abusing the characteristics of social media, such as user-generated content (UGC), word-of-mouth tactics, and anonymity. In conjunction with such trends, some professional public relations or lobbying firms have started to engage in clandestine campaigns that conceal their true identity or the sponsors of these campaigns. Parodies and spoofs have become popular formats for such clandestine campaign messages, thanks largely to the popularity of YouTube, a popular video-sharing Web site.^ One such example has been dubbed the "YouTube Penguin Army scandal." Recently, a video clip spoofing An Inconvenient Truth, Al Gore's documentary film aimed at raising public awareness of global warming, appeared on YouTube with the claim that it was an amateur production created by a 29- year-old Californian.
    [Show full text]
  • Inoculation Theory Quick Look
    November 2020 Inoculation Theory Quick Look Sara Kitsch, Ph.D.; Monmouth College Skye Cooley, Ph.D.; Oklahoma State University Robert Hinck, Ph.D.; Monmouth College Asya Cooley, Ph.D.; Oklahoma State University POC: Skye Cooley, [email protected] Prepared for: Strategic Multilayer Assessment Integrating Information in Joint Operations (IIJO) Inoculation Theory 1 Inoculation Theory Inoculation Theory •Upholds that individuals who are exposed to weakened versions of arguments against currently held attitudes formulate resistance, and the ability to form counterarguments to future threats to those attitudes. Key Terms • Inoculation Pretreatment: or what would be considered the “vaccine,” contains two components: a threat and a refutational preemption. • Threat: a warning that your attitude is about to be attacked or challenged. • Refutational Preemption: content that helps bolster your current attitude and/or refute the incoming attack. • Counterarguing: process of generating arguments against the attack, crafted by an individual exposed to an inoculation pretreatment. Key Consideration •Empirical support has been found for Inoculation Theory since the 1960s. Research in the last two decades has found use for Inoculation Theory in fighting fake news, conspiracy theories, propaganda, and even inoculation itself. Overview This Quick Look specifically assesses and Inoculation Theory maintains that when describes how one area of social scientific individuals are exposed to weakened versions of research, called Inoculation Theory, can be used arguments against attitudes they currently hold, to build individual resistance to attitude change, they are able to build up resistance and especially as it relates to force protection against counterarguments to future threats to those misinformation, fake news, and conspiracy attitudes.
    [Show full text]
  • Inoculation Theory in Public Relations Messages: Preparing the Audience for Arguments to Be Made Later MAUREEN TAYLOR, MICHAEL L
    CASING PERSUASIVE COREY J. LIBERMAN Marymount Manhattan College endaiiHunt pub li shing company Book Team Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Mark C. Falb President and Chief Operating Officer Chad M. Chandlee Vice President, Higher Education David L. Tart Director of Publishing Partnerships Paul B. Carty Senior Developmental Coordinator Angela Willenbring Vice President, Operations Timothy J. Beitzel Assistant Vice President, Production Services Christine E. O'Brien Senior Production Editor Mary Melloy Cover Designer Mallory Blondin Cover image© 2013, Shutterstock, Inc. Kendall Hunt pu bli sh ing compa n y www.kendallhunt.com Send all inquiries to: 4050 Westmark Drive Dubuque, lA 52004-1840 Copyright© 2014 by Kendall Hunt Publishing Company ISBN 978-1-4652-1753-0 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Foreword vii Acknowledgements xiii About the Authors xv PART 1 PERSUASION & INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION 1 Subtle Patterns of Social Influence in Interpersonal Relationships TAMARA D. AFIFI AND ANNE MERRILL 3 2 Advice Response Theory: Understanding Responses to Relationship Advice ERINA L. MACGEORGE 21 3 Seeking a Last First Date: Strategic Self-Disclosure and Self-Presentation as Persuasion in Initial Online Dating Interactions KATHRYN GREENE AND DANIELLE CATONA 35 4 Make Me Laugh, Make Me Listen: Using Humor to Accomplish Interpersonal Influence RACHEL L. DICIOCCIO 51 PART 2 PERSUASION & SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION 5 Demanding Leadership of a Collegiate Basketball Team: Courting Goals-Plans-Action (GPA) Theory PAUL KANG AND DAVID R.
    [Show full text]
  • Inoculating for Underground Coal Mine Emergencies
    Training for Safety n Emergencies Inoculating fo.r Underground Coal Mine Emergencies By Catherine Y. Kingsley Westerman, Katherine A. Margolis and Kathleen M. Kowalski-Trakofler he potential for emergencies is ever- learn a rote procedure for donning SCSRs that is present in coal mining. This is illustrated reviewed each quarter (Vaught, Brnich, Wiehagen, Tby statistics which show that "employees in et al., 1993). Such preparation provides a basic sur- coal mining are more likely to be killed or to incur vival skill and gives miners a good rule of thumb a nonfatal injury or illness, and their injuries are for what to do in an emergency. more likely to be severe, than workers in private Unfortunately, it is impossible to prepare for industry as a whole" (Rice & Jonocha, 2008, p. 1). every'potential situation because emergencies are As a result of this unpredictable. When escaping miners encounter constant exposure a situation that requires them to make a difficult -Emergency training for underground coal miners to harm, coal min- decision, they may waste precious time consider- can be developed using inoculation theory. which ers must be highly ing or discussing what to do. In addition, they may has been used to explain how people may resist trained to qeal with not know how to take action when working with a unwanted persuasion attempts by preparing various emergency group of people who have various and potentially counterarguments in advance. scenarios. For ex- disturbing reactions to the emergency. One way to -This theory is relevant in an emergency training ample, all under- help miners react quickly and effectively in such sit- context when used to help people react quickly ground coal miners uations is to have them think through pOSSible situ- and effectively to emergencies by preparing their must learn how to ations and plan their likely responses in advance.
    [Show full text]