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T O T H E4 G E'!N E R A l

■ :F R .O. M '/TTIR '

CREATION to the PRESENT TIME.

I S CL '■U'"DT-'N- G

AH the E m pires,. K in gdqms , andS t a t es ; their' R evo «

lu t io n sj F orais- o f G o v er n m en t,: L aws,-REL iGiON^ Cus TOMs and 'MANNE rs ; theTROGREss of their L earn» 1NG, ARTS-, SciENCE S, GGMMERCE RUG T r ADE.

Together with

Their C hronology, ANTiqtrxTXE$i PGEhrCiBu.iLBiNGS, and C uriosities of N a tu kEtand A r t ,

:By W I L L I A M G U T - f T R T E ,. Eiqs

■ J G E N . G R A T , T iq . - And others eminent Ih.this Branch; cfLiterature.:

L O N D O N-: \ Printed for J. N ew sery, R. Baldwin,., S. C rowder,, J* CopTi:^.. R. Wit e t , I. Wil k ie , J- Wilson and j.. F ell, ,W* .Nicoll3 . ..; B. Collins, and R . R a ise s. MDCCLXIV.

À COMPLETE

TO THE GENERAL

HISTORY of the WORLD,

FROM THE

CREATION t o t h e PRESENT TÍME.

A. A R O N , the firft high-prieil of the Jews, and brother of Mofes their great lawgiver, his family; his com mand from God to meet his brother, with whom he is joined in commiffion for the deliverance of the Ifraelites from the Egyptians, vol. i. 329. His weaknefs and pufil- lanimous conduit, by afiifting tg; promote the idolatrous worfhip of the golden calf, reproved by Mofes, 344.. Is confecrated high-prieft, 345. Makes an atonement for the rebellious Ifraelites, for averting the plague fent amongft: them, as a token of the divine aifpleafure and vengeance, - ,348.. i His death, and great mourning for him, 34^. AB:B:AS the Great, fhah of Perua, caufes Murfhed his gover nor to be put to death, vili. 4. Dlfpoiieiies the TurkSj Tartars, and Uzbeks, of feveral Periian provinces, puts the Kurds treacherouily to death, makes a fpeedy conqueft of the province of Shirwan, and invades ftiian, ibid. Main tains a bloody war with the Turks, with various fuccefs, and afterwards defeats Tamuras in Georgia, 5. In fiances of his rigorous juftice and excefiive cruelty, ibid. His un natural treatment of his ion’s and family, 6. Grandees confpire again ft him, in favour of his fori Sefi, who dif*; covers the confpiracy to hi& father, but is afterwards inhu manly put to death by his order, through jealoufy, ibid. His B pungent INDE X. pungent retnorfe and grief for that zìi of cruelty ; ani zn account of the murderer Babul* whofti hé orders to cut of? his own ion’s head, 6, 7. Reduces great part of Proper Perfia from the Kurds and Arabs, 7. His barbarity to M a riana, mother- of T a mu ras, 8. Murders Luarsah, and makes Tam u ras tributary* but grants - favourable terms to the Georgians, Q. Takes Bagdad by aÎïauk, and afterwards iati rely defeats a numerous army of Turks, ibid. His con ca eft of Ormus from the Port agire fé, by the aiEftance of the Engliih, whom he afterwards treats with ingratitude,, 12 . His death, character, &c. 13 , 14. ABBAS XL fhah óf Pèrda, lucceftcr of Sëft, hîs ill fuccefs in- attempting to fupprefs the rebellion of thé prince of Jaikes, a fovereign in the foath of Perda, vììì. iB. His character, and death, ibid. A B D A LLA H Zobeir, hiftory of him, vi. 2 17 , & fee. His valiant defence of Mecca, 24c. Affecting feene between him and his mother, who encourages him, and exhorts him to die in the defence of the place, ibid. His bravery and death, 242. A R D O LLA H , an indigent Arab, his extraordinary promo tion, and marriage to the king of Golconda’s daughter, vìi. 5 1 1. Succeeds his father-in-law in the fovereignty of that kingdom, ibid. His wife condudt with refpedt to his ambi tious min-ïiters, 512. His territories invaded by Auringzib, Who bsueges him in Goiconda, takes him prlfonety and confines him, 5 12 , 5 1 3. -A BD O LM A LEK, cal iff of the Arabs, his bloody wars with Abdallah and Mufah, vi. 235, & feq. Account of his wit and poetical talents, 238. His army defeated by the Aza- rakites, 279. They are totally routed by him 'under his general iViohallab, ibid. His expedition againit Abdallah Zobeir his competitor, 240—242. Becomes -foie califf, and defeats the Greeks, 242. Plis army defeated and de ft royed by the Az ara kites, who rebelled agaînft him on ac count of the cruelty of Hejaye, his governor of Mecca, 243. Ill fuccefs of his generals againft Shaieh and Shebib, 243, 244. Breach between him and the Greek emperor, whom he-defeats, 246. A.bdalraman rebelling againft him, defeats his' general Hejaye, but is at length febdued and killed, 247. Death, character, and description of him, 248. A B E L , the fecon-d fon of Adam and Eve, his offering pre ferred to Cain7s, and why, i. 9. Is murdered by his envi ous brother Cain ; and is iuppoied to have left many de- fc&nda.nts, ibid. ABE- . ABR If AREA his endeavours at a reformation crufhed by the wFqpeylfHiQ- excommunicates him, x. 60. . Hiss peak Once v and death, ibid. A BIM EEEG H I. and II. the t w o fir ft k i ngs of tb e Ph ii jit': aes, ; an saccount of theirr: bekayiounto . Abraham,, and Ifaac his. ion, with xefpect to Sarah and Rebecca, and-' their piety and ■ uprightneis on tho i eo c cafions commended, i. 151, 1^2. A BR A H A M , patriarch of the Ifraelites, being commanded by Godto quit C ha Id tea h is - native land, retires from thence with hisi family, i. 29S, God: appears to him, and-con-* firms his promife, that he would give him and his poireiitv thei land of Gianaan, ibid. When near 100 years old, is"-- circumcifed. with the males -of his family, 301-. He en tertains three angels, one of whom is called'the Lord-, who : pro mite him a Ion by Sarah his aged wife, ibid. God hearkens to his interceiflon for the inhabitants of Sodom, 302. Ifaac is born to him: and, in order to prove his coniidence in God, -he is commanded to facriiice him in his youth ; but, when on the point of haying him, is with-held by an angel, wTho renews and confirms the covenant to him mere itrong'y than ever,, ibid. . He buries Sarah at hiebron-;.: pro-, cures, the marriage of his ion ifaac to Rebecca ; and :when. 14.1 years: old marries Rerurah, by whom he; had fix ions ; dies in the 175th year of-his age, and is buried at ■ Mach-- pelah, 303, 304. A B SA LO M , fon of David, having-conceived a refentment againil Ammon, his father’s eldeit fon, lor his inceiiuous rape on-his filler Tamar, murders him at a mail, i. 389, 390. His offence pardoned: by David, through Jonh’s inter- cellion in his behalf, 300.; Gains the aiFeCiions of the peo ple, and r a i fes a reb el lion aga i nil: h is. fat h er, but: is afte r - '.„.yvards defeated and ilain by joab, 39 1, 392.- David’s pa- hGdietic lamentation over bum, 392. See D a v id . v A B U B E R E R , in conjunction with Aii is made vicegerent by Mahomet for performing the vifitation of the Caaba, vh 72. 1 s ele£ted ca 1 ifr, arjc iucce-fior to Mah0met, 8 . 2 Artfu 1.1 excludes All from the califat, ibid. Character and deferip- ■k< tion of his per fon, &c. 83. Is proclaimed by the-Meccans, but oppofed by fome A.tab tribes, whom he reduces, 04.I Defeats and kliIs Mofeilama, Mahomet’s rival, and obliges other rebels to fub.mic, 84, 85, Forms a defign of con quering Syria, 85. His remarkable i'nfttu ebons to his ge nerals, 86. Exploits of his generals in Syria, and■ aga?nil: the Greeks, 87—99. Co]jells and publifh.es the icattere.d.paf- fages of the Koran, though imperfect;, ico. His. death, 10 r. B 2 ABU L' X N ‘ D - E . A B U L ABBAS,: ftrih cal iff of the houfe or Abbas“,- /TaiiedCta the califat, -vi. 286» Transfers-the ■ feat of the califat from Damafctis to Anbar in Irak, 287. Cruelties exereifed by his governorsj ibid. Defeats Burikha, governor of Meso potamia, .who rebels againft him, 288= His death and cha™ raêr, 288^ 289, : : i ABXJ M O SLEM , madegovernor-csf Korafan by Ibrahim, con- Tpires-againit the call ft Merwan, whofe general "he -defeats, vi. 28c. His exploits in favour of thehoufeof Abbas, 282. Difputes the title of Abu 1 Abbas, who-allows him to live as a fovereign prince during his reign, 288. ABU OB El D AH, his military exploits .under Omar the califf, vi. 1 or, & feq. PofTefTes himfelf of an immenfe;booty from the Greeks at the monaftery of Kodos, where by his bravery he makes himfelf mafrer of the efFedfs and mer chandizes of the fair there, 104, Obliges Hems and Ha mah in Syria to purcha.fe a truce of him, 106. Redaces Kinnifrim, 107. Befieges and takes Baalbec, 107, 108. Makes himfelf mailer of Arreftan, Shaizar, and Hems, jog—-in . Defeat of his general Kaled, 112. His vic tory over the Greek army at the battle -of Yermouk, and the bravery of the Arab women on. that occafion- 115 , s i 6. Conquers Paleftme, and .befieges and takes Jerufaietn, 117 , 118. His fiege of Aleppo, which furrenders to him, 32 1— 124. And Antioch, 127, 128. His death by the plague, and character, 136. ABU SAID , fuitan of Perfia, his pailion for Juban his gene ral's daughter, and its fata! confequences to him, vii. 400. Is defer ted by his array, and murdered, 401. A C A R N A N IA N S, their government, and reduction by :the Romans, ii. 524, 525. A CH fEA N league entered into; broke by the Macedonians ; revived by the inhabitants of Patrse, and Dyma, and Arength- ened by Aratus, ii. 456—458. Lacedaemonians prevailed upon to join in it by Philopsemen, 480. Renounced by MeiTene and Elis, 481. DHTolved by the Spartans, who are afterwards reduced by the Achaeans, 482. Finally diffolyed by the Romans, 599. ------republic, when firff ¡nftituted, and its reputation for wholefome laws and virtue, ii. 455. Cities that compofed it, 456, its excellent conditutlon, &c. 457. A C H /EA N S, their ancient hiflory, ii. 286, 287, Their alli ance, republic, laws, military exploits, die. and reduction by the Romans, 456—499. See A c h a ia . Invite Antigo- nus to come to their ailiitance, who enters the Pelopon- nefe. X 'N D E X. ? riefe, and reduces Corinth and other places, 4:jg . GBeeJareiy . him protector of Achaia, 46'i. Ailiii the Meilenians agair.fi: the /Etoiians, but are--defeated by them, 462. Apply to Philip of Mscedon for aihilance, who grants it them, ibid4-■ . ■;: Gives, them: fever a] cities wh ich h e h ad poffeffed himfelf o f, : 465. ■ ' Attempts of Apelles to opprefs and infiave them, oppofed by Philip, and- -their' grievances redreiTed, 464. AThey?renounce Philip, and enter into an aliiance with the Romans, 476. Defeat the; Macedonians, 4 7 7 DfiTenfionsf ntnong-themfelves andw iththe L acedsmonian s ,4 8i,_ 48 2. Ptolemy and other Afiatic? princes: court otherr friencfhip, ■■::4&3r;'-f'-Xhd-;-RQnaans>/gfowi'n.g-:-jealous--of them, determine to humble theia, and fendcommitEoners, who cenfure their ? conduct, <83. Their ambaiTadors, who appear before the Roman fenate with the Lacedaemonians, are unfavourably treated there, 484. T h ey are betrayed by. Callicrates,--487.: :Adhere to and aihii the Romans, 489, 490. : A thoufand ■ o f their principal -men-are ' commanded to appear at Rome, : where they , are confined feventeem years, and harihly and Vungenerouily-ufed by the 'Romans,':4gig 492.? War with •the: Romans, and the caufc of it, 492, -493. Declare ■ war againft the Lacedaemon:ians?and Romans,;.and : are defeated: by Metellus, 496. They are defeated with: great daughter < by Mummins, who takes and plunders Gorinth', 498.?Their fevere pun ifhment by - the R om2ns, and d iflolution of their league, 499. G ' .. / ^ V _ • A CH A lA , hiftory of it, and of other ancient kingdoms of: Greece, ii. 280— 525. Decree;in the affembly of, annulled at Rome, 485. AD ADOD AW L A, fucceiTor of Amadodawla, the moil power ful of the Reman princes, an account of his rife, vi. 456. - Obtains the command of the army by his intrigues and cif- irmulatioh, and imprifons Baktyar and his hrother5, 470.. Is obliged by his father Rocnadawla to releafe Baktyar and re store him to his pekeibons, ibid. Renews his refentment aeainit him, whom he defeats, beheges in Bagdad, 2nd takes B a fra from him, 471. His practices againiPhi-s neighbours bv means of a fkilfui forger, ibid. Hikvair pofieilions and greatnefs, 472. His. policy towards Scierus, the ; Greek general, who, being defeated, applies to him at Bagdad, where he is impriicned by a private order, 473. His deep diifmmlation towards that general, who outwits him, and faves his own life by that means, 474 a : Obtains a renewal - of the ancient title'of king of kings, ibid. /Makes war on •hk brother, who fires from him, 475. His magnificence and B 3 ' . -grpai T£ N D .E . . great works, ibid.. 'Remarkable ipirit and behaviour 0_i ' his- ambaiiadcr, to evade doing homage to nthe emperor a 470. Iv.s phrenfy, death, arid dying .words, 477. - ADA L L A tJ] 3 ,. fon and fecce {Tor : of: Agi! ul f, ' king; -.of the Lombard s,; this peaceable reign : under;: the: government of Thcudelinda 1* is mother, y. 474, Has a noxious or aught given’ him by E ufeb i us y am-b affa db r fir o m the-e mpe r or, which deprives him of his denies, 4 7 5 - ADep oliti on andd eatn, ibid. ADO.L PHtofi N affati, fetóri diemperor of the hèufie of A :u feria, receives a fubfidy from Edward of England , with which, he., tnakfes aniniqmtous piirobafe of "Rhu.rin.gia: and Mifeia, of which he is i after wards fiepr ived by the true heirs, ix..8<, . His Ai Ces ren d eri n g .him ■ of ;i on s, th e archbiihop of Men tz, Weneefiaus; king of Bohemia, and other potentates, enter into a confederacy againfi him, and depofe him, 8, 9. He ■ i-s..killed in battle by Albert, 9. His charadier, ibid. A I vQ N iJ AH a: pi ring to the. throne, by a item ptin g. ; to . fu p - plant hrs brother Solomon;,. DaviTtbeir'-fai he reorders Aie lat ter to be proclaimed king, i. 395. Takes fanefeary at the abtar, and is pardoned by his brother, then king, on cer tain conditions, 395, 396. Defeing Abilbag, his bathers concubine, in^marriage,tSolornon, exatperatedi at: the boid- oef? ei’ the r eq ueil, orders him to be put to de ath, 396. ■ A D R IA N , emperor of the Romans, .procures his elevation to the empire by means of a forged inifrumeni, iv. 473, Abandons Trajan’s conquefts, and allows the Armenians to . chute themfelves a Icing, 474, Defeats the S arma bars and Roxalans, who had invaded iUyricam, 475. Incurs the hatred of the people for having put to death four con fui a rs ; and condemns leverai others for a Tuppofed confpìracy, ibid. V i fi ts the p ro v Ì nces of th e em pire, 476. Reb ui'l d s fever a I cities in Rithynia at his own expence, and eredts a magni ficent temple at Rome, in honour of.it, and; the goddefs Venus, 477. Caufes the perpetual edict to be cc replied, Aid. Sacrifices Anti no us his favourite to prolong his own life, and afterwards ranks him among the gods, 478. Em- beliiihes and refeores Athens, and fi ni fe es the temple of Jupiter Olympus, 479. Adopts Cornmodus Verus, of In famous character, whp icon after dies, 479,.480. His 1 e wd n efs ■ an d cr u ei ty, 480. Adopts Anto n in us P i us for b is fucceiior, whp fereened feveral fenators from his cruelty, ibid. After enduring for feme time the mtìft excruciating pains and extreme arigli iih, he dies at Baite, 481. An acr count of his public and private edifices, ibid. His regola t i ^ ' 1 N D E X. tior.s, aiid .great character, :though rami filed with.: cruelty. and: fuperftition^gSgygS3. /.A.-4 ■ j A D R IA N V. pope,, and fu.eceiior of Innocent Vi. reigns only thirty days, x. 110 . Forms fecret connections with Ro-. ,■ dol|)hvag2inE?ChaHesi,..lb;i-d:... ". .. . .*r—— A. ■ F I. iucceees Feo in thepopedom, bv means -of the .emperor^Charles, x. 245. H.s good difpofuions towards eitedting a reformation, in the church, 240. His death, ibid. iffL IG S G A F L U S 5 his expedition into Arabia in the reign of Auguitus, vi. 23. Strange diilemper iri his: army at L:encocome ; ;in effectual ilege of "Many abs ; farther Ioffes in his army, and ill fuccefs, ibid, iEM ID I AN , .emperor of the Romans, and fucceiTor of Gal- Ius, his ihort reign, being loon after his election, killed: by his own men., :iy. 545. T O L I AN i {lands, from whom fo...called,.their number, names, and extent of the moil conf detable of them, ii. 32. iE T IU E , account of his rife and't ran factions, v. 80, & feq. £ risers into, a negociaci0n with 'Placidfaregentof the e-m - ■ pi re, go. Is made generaiidimo ...of the: troops of the-weft em. empire, and his exploits there, r.i. The command of the army is given to. Bo n1 facias -his rival, wh0 is defeated:-..by him, and dies of his wounds, 92. Is raped by the emprefs to the rank of a patrician, ibid. The Bn tons folicit-his affib- ance againR the Scots and Piets without effect, 95. De feats Attila, 98.. Is difgraced and put to death by Valen ti rd an, 99. iE T N A , a remarkable burning mountain in Sicily, defeription of it and the circumjacent country, hi. 32. Ancient con jectures concerning it, ibid. T T Q L IA , hilicry of it, u.. 2.80— 284. -505,: & feq. So named from Tito!us, fon of F.r.dym;on, 283. Its ancient inhabitants great robbers, ibid. Boundaries; enlargements of its territory ; defeription of the country ; its natural . itrength, inhabitants, and cities, 2-83, 284. Reduced to a Ro man province under the name of Achaia, 517.-. State of it till the reign of Conitanrine the Great, from thence to the preheat time, and now poffeffed by the Turks, 557, 518. iE T G L lA N S , their .character and hsibory, ii. .284. 50 £, Sc feq. Their- htiiory obscure and fabulous, 284. i heir con federacy, refembiing that of the Aehseans, formed in oppofition to the Macedonians, 501. Bore an irreconcileabi hatred to the Achaeans, ibid. Enter into an alliance wit she Romans, and agree to make war upon Philip, 502. w B. 4 Their T H B E." X. Their terri tories;.invaded, by him,: who afterward^'withdraws from them, ibid. q Decline engaging the Acarnanians, on their defperate refoiution to conquer or die; 502, 503, Talee Anticyra, in conj unction with the Romans, - and: a rea ft e r- wards twree defeated by Philip, '503.- Make fevefàl : conquefts, with the aififiance of the Romans, but are at length obliged by Philip to conclude a difad vantzgeous,peace, 504. , Declare for-the Romans againft Philip, and ravage Thef- . faly ; but their whole army is afterwards aim oft all cut off by Phii.;p, 504, 505'. Re-enter ThefTaly, and reduce many cities of it, 505. Gain a complete vidtory over Philip at Cynophalse, which gives rife to fatal jealoufies between them and the Romans, ibid. Being incenied again ftthe Romans, they invite Amiochus into Greece, where he is declared generalidimo of ail [heir armies agailift Rome, 508, 50g. Their ambaifadors reject the diihonourable terms offer ed them by the Roman fenate, 314.' They Invade Philip’s territories, and reduce feveral places, 515. Pulvitts, the Roman confui, takes Ambracia from them, 516. Send an embafTy to Rome,. where they are haughtily treated by the fenate, but at length conclude a peace with the Romans, 3 17 . Are arbitrarily and cruelly treated by them, brought under their power, and, with the other free itates’of Greece, reduced to a Roman province, ibid, A F G A N S , inhabitants of Kandahar, charadter and hiftcry Gf them, viii. 21, Si feq. Their oppreifions by the eunuchs, and cruel treatment under Gurghim Khan their governor, 22. bend Mir Wis to the Perfian court, who proving fuccefsful in his négociation, through his art and diiïïrnulation, finds means to murder Gurghim, 23. Take the field un der Mahmud, and advance vyith him againit Ifpahan, 26. Axe reduced to. a miferable condition; but notwithfianding : gain a great victory over the Perfian army, and prund-eb-their camp, ibid. Their cruelty to the Perfian peafants, ■ who afterwards rout them, and feize their baggage and plunder, 29. Their further exploits under Mahmud, 3 1, & feq. A G A T H U C L K S, tyrant of Syracufe, his mean extraction ; oracle’s prediction concerning him ; military exploits, &c. iii. 82, 83. Defeats Sofifiratus and the CartOaginians, and is made general of the Syracufans ; but being confpired againft by Acefiorides, is driven from the city, 83. Is again created commander in chief, and cruelly mafiacres the nobles and citizens, ibid. Is proclaimed king, 84. His exploits againft the Carthaginians, ibid. & feq. Lands in Africa, with an army, where he fees fire tp his fhips, ' and takes X'"N 'D-"'E X: 5 - takes - and- pluñ d ers: fevéral pi a ces bel on gingt o the Car thasi - ;>'-iiiáriV $5. vDefeats-the Garthaginians, and’ takes ;m2ny-: of - :: their cities and/towns, ■ ibid. His great ’ progrefs, and fuc-: ceiles againit tfte- ■ Carthaginians, whofe general Ami]car -is ■ : taken: pn loner by the Sy race fans, and put to death by them, 87. His treachery, and -cruelty■.■■•■to Ophelias prlneeof:the Cyrenians, ibic. His great reverie of fortune dn- Africa» - where he deferts his army, 38. .B'sexeelhve -cruelties hr - ■ ■ JBicily, ibid. Reduces almoix: all Si cily-:y - plunders the tem- pies of ,'Lipariy "and is. at length poifoned by Menon, and ’ Síes a.painfuLdeath, 89. AG.EN Q R ana Belusj kings of they Sidonians, their true and : fabulous hi Rory ; arid the. beA accounts.: of. them- imperfebr, i. 193, R feo. y V rGAyGGb'-'' A G E SIL A U S, general of the Lacedasmoniahs, beingfent by - them into' Afta, takes’ many towns in ^ Phrygiay defeats ’the. Perflarts, and. conquers Lydia,- ¡I. 17 1. Makes peace with - the- Perftans, and Is recaíled by the Lacedemonians, 1-72. Is declared;king of the Lacediefnonians, and -iucceeds Agis, .409, . His -great chara Her :andpopulanty,ibid. &- 4 10 , Goes to A fiay his milunderfianding there with Lyfarider, : who is defeated and;dain:bythe Thebans, 4 1 1 —Ai'g, Great proof of his; wii'oom,’ when appointed: 1 egiflator, 4 18. ■■ His death, and:high .encomium qn him, 420.-- AGESIPOLIS, king of the Lacedsmonians, and fucceiTor of Paufanias, his elcction, Li. 414. - " Reduces the Manti- means, 41 ó. :: His death, after a ihortreign, and .excellent charadler, ibid. A G IL U L F , king of the Lombards, ravages the Roman terri tories, v. 472. Reduces feveral Roman cities,^plunders and: burns Padua and- Mantua, 473, Nominates hís fon Adaluadl his fucceiTor, ibid. His-death, 474. ' A G IN C O U R T , battle or, gained by: Henry: Vv of England, xi. 167—160. A G IS, king of -S p arta, his tr anfadi pns, i i. 350, & fe.q. A G R ÍC O L A made governor of Britain, and afterwards of Aquitain, Iv. 439. Sen ds ID om i trun a nac c o un to fh i sha v - in a mad é an in tire con que ft of Britain, who,: thr 0 ugh en vy and jealouiy, recals h un, and gives him a cold : reception, 448. His death, fuppofed to have been- poifoned -by order of Domitian, 453, A G R IG E N TUM. befieged by the CarthagirijansiunderHanni bal and Amiicar, iih 50. Great diftrefs o f themity, whofc inhabitants are ail put-to the fwórd by Amilcar, 5 r. : .AGRIPPA, I.-N-.’-D -S-; X/ A<5 ^|FPA,'-gr^ 4 fen-<>f-Heroil. the Great, favoured by Gain s,. j. 534. DiSuade.s him from, his- refoìut-iòn t o fe t u p h is fraine in the temple ofjerufalem ; and receives ■ great ho - nours : from - the emperor Clau.dius. -5 35. .. Periecutes ■ the. Ghriifia-ns,- and beheacls the apoftlc James the Lefs,' ibid. Is fì ruck with a dreadful dlfeafe for bis impious vanity, and dies miferabiy ,5 3 6 . .— u—— his conqueits and. .exploits, iv. 299. Conquers the C ant afe ri a ns in Spain 5 and nnall y reduces that country, ■ 316. .. His.death, which is, greatly regretted by Auguri us for his excellent qualities, 320. His funeral oration pro- nounced by the emperor, ibid. . . — . — PGSX'HU.MHS, murdered by the emperor Tiberius, iv. 334. A G R IPPIN A , the. mother , of Caligula, and Nero, banifhed with the latter to the ¡{land Pandataria, iv. 353. Starved to-death., through Tiberius’sscruelty, 356. -■ ■ ■ . ... s— — niece and tyife qf the emperor Claudius, her Infamous character, iv. 37S. Caufes Seneca to be recalled from exile, ibid. Her ambitious deflgns in favour òf Nero, -and feverity to Britànnieus,;' 378, 379. Caufes Claudius to be poifoned, 38 1. Her unbounded ambition, 383, 384. ;I)ifgraced by Nero, 385.; Hepefolvesto put her to death, 388. ' Caufes her to befhipwrecked, but fheefcapes, 388, 389. Is cruelly, murdered; by order of Nero, 390. A H M ED the frit, emperor of the Othmans, i. 186. His misfortunes and defeats in Alia, 188. He makes peace with the emperor Rodolph, and the terms of it, igo. Ill . fuccefs of his armies and fleet in the;Perfian war, 1 g0, 191. Refolves to exterminate the ■ Chriflians, on account of their intrigues, but is diverted from his purpofe by :the French 2 mb ail ador, S94. His great projects againft the northern .ChriRian powers, 195. Death - and char after, ibid. «--- —— II. fuccefTor of Soleyman, emperor of thè; Turks, vìii. 2&p. C ha racterc fh i m, and defeat of his army by the Imperialifls at the battle of Slankemen, 281, & feq:. Con- Siftons and troubles in his reign, 286— 300. His death . .and character, 301. ==— — —• III. emperor of the Turks, mcceflTor of Ahmed II. bis war with the Romans and Germans, viii. 326. Great defeat of his army by the Germans under prince Eugene at Carlowitz, who takes Belgrade, 327, 328. His deposition and character, 328, 329. A IX -L A -CHA PE L L E , peace of, eenfured as inglorious apd difadvantageous to Great Britain, xii.- 87. ix. 243. Its fti- pulationsj I N pulatlons,. Ibid, Peace of, ln i'68B, êtweeG the French, 'Spaniards, ancL Dutch, x ii.272. ; , , :.1..: ... AKBAR, emperor of .the Moguls, ion. and fucceSbr of He- ' a a f u n, ,co nquer3 Kemow, : general of Abdol, who ■ had in- ■ vaded and taken Delhi,: and pa£s:;bim :to death, vii. 461. His fa peril: i ti on and pi I gri mage, 462. -His acti v.ity and b ra very ' in iupproSirtg a: rebellion, : and ‘defeating the rebels, ibid. ■ Takes Patan and Rotas, where he acquires : immenfetrea- : .fure-yihg. Conquers Kailiemia; but is eiTedfualiy oppofed \ and batHed by the queen :qf .Dekan, 464.. Requeiis a tranf- latiqn of the icrLptures from the. Icing of Portugal..; but. is grofsly 1m no fed on by the. Jsfuits, who furnidi him witbvam ahfurd and iyuricus gofpel, ibid... Profecutes; :the Dekait W2r v:ith fuc.ce fs, 465. His ion . S.elim rebels agninii him; but fubmits, and is reconciled toHisFather and declared:;his fuccefTor, 466, 46,7.. His. beath an dt h einipr obability-:of the manner of it as related, 467. A L A F T E K IN , made general of the Turks by the fdl diets,.and Emir AI Omra by. the cal iff Al T a y ; takes Bagdad sword in hand,:vi; 468, 469. Is forced: to quit it, and is defeated, 469. His hide re and -exploits, 478, 479. Is brought ;prifoner to Al Aziz, who grants him:his. liberty, and; loads him with favours, 478. . A L A L L A j, a.remarkable Modem impeitor, account of himy and of" his method of deceiving the people, vi. 425. His opinion?, trial, and execution, 426. A L A L M IN , fon and fucceiTor to Al Raihid’ the Great,;bis breach with AI Mamun his brother, and the confequences of it, vi. 338, &c feq. His army defeated by AL Mamun, who is thereupon proclaimed cal iff, 340. Depofed and af terwards reftored, 341. Is taken priioner by his brother's foldiers and beheaded, 343. His character, ibid. A L A R IC , .king of the Goths, enters and ravages Italy ; but: is afterwards defeated bv the Romans, and fues for peace, y. 45. Again invades Italy with Radegaifus, who are.defeated with great daughter by StiUcho, and the remains of their army deftroyed, 76. Beneges Rome, -which is fpared on paying a large compofiticn in money and rich goods, 79. He appears again before Rome, is received into ne, and de clares Attalus emperor, 80, 81. Depofes Attains, and takes, plunders, and burns Rome, 82,.83. 357, 358. His death, 358. A L B E R G N I, prime miniiler of Philip king of Spain, his ef forts again!! Great Britain in favour of the Pretender, xii. 296. J- 'N' B £ ;.XV ; f y-gpS.Vl is'difmiiied from bis - employment anubamfhedygqyy zg$> . , . ■ ' A : ... ; ALBEET^tlie fir^V: confirmed emperor of Auftrra,' is oppofed ' 'by 'arid dppofes the pope, who excommunicates1 Him, ix. xc, " ■'Xt- Tie-Ii reconciled toy the pope, upon difgraceful terms, v a 2. His mifcarnages in confequence of bis ambitious views witb reipeci to Bohemia, &Ci 12 ,13 * His affaffination and character, ¿5, t— ■ — duke of Mecklenburgn, chofé king of Sweden ; “ ' but his election is o'ppofed. by Magnus,' whom he defeats apd takes prifoner, xii.462. Cruel war between him and Margaret 01 Denmark, who at length obliges him to re nounce the crown to her, though he afterwards refuies to comply with the terms of the renunciation, 4Ó3, 464. ' Death of him and his ion Eric, 464. : ALBINGEÌNiSES, or W al denies, dreadful mid cruel perfecution and maifacre of them by the papifts in France, xi. 325, ' 326*. A L B O IlsU S, fon and fucceiTor of Andoinus, king of the Lombards, enters into an alliance with the Hunns, kills the king of the'- Gepidie in battle with his own hand, and ‘ makes'a cup ofhis fkull, v, 466. Takes feveral places in Italy, and is proclaimed king of it, 4Ó7. Murdered by means : of his wife Rofamuadi whom he had exafperated and pro voked, 46 B. A B BU M ASAR, or Abu-Mafar, a famous aflrologer among ' the Moilems, hiftory of him, vi. 404. A LG JBIA D ES, account of him, and of his baie and treache rous condudf towards the Athenians, ii. 347. Is declared their generai, and reduces Melos, 348, 349. Being accufed of defacing the flatues of Mercury, he Hies ‘to Sparta, where he fides with the Lacedaemonians, 350. His irregu larities at Sparta oblige him to retire from thence to Tiiià- ‘ phenes,, whom he prevails with to favour the" Athenians, and endeavours to abeliih the democracy, 35 r. He is de clared general of the Athenians, - and caufes great diftur- bances amongfl them, 3-52, 353- Defeats the Spartans and Ferfians, 354. Returns triumphantly to Athens, where he is joyfully received, and loaded with honours, 355. He is deprived of' the command, and retires to Thrace, where he ere£ts a principality, 356. A L D E A L E R , the twenty Feventh cal iff of the houfe of AI Abbas, fucceeds Nafer in the cal ¡fat ; his ihort, but excellent j reign, vii- 226. Death and character, ibid. ALEX, T- XT A LEN Ç O N , duke of, hi s ' praâîces with the Erigîifh, for .prit- ting them again in poíTeíftcn of Normandy, hifeovereci, si„ : 219..- Tried, * condemned, :anTafterwards imprifoned- fci' ■ life, ibid. ■ " : A L E X A N D E R fucceiTor : of Leo in the empire of RomeRhis. d i ffol u te arid:; debauched char:aâer,..;v> 15 1. e His doth in ions invaded by the B ul gar ians;; • giv e s himfelf up to h i s e xcelTe s 4 andideftroys himfelfby gluttonypibid., - .■ V ..J—— —— III. -. pope, : fucceiTor: o f: Hadrian, Isioppofed ByVIH or XV. -as . antipope, x>,6.5, Exc ommunicafes - Vic tor,; encourages Thomas Becket againft king . Henry IL of England, arid i s r e c eiv ed wit h grear pomp and lpicndor at: : Rom e,. ibid.,. Driven.: fr om - then ce; by:..the,, emperor, . w ho fa vours Paicha', 66. -Further: account of the quarrel hetwixt him and Henry concernió g-Recket, and its iilue,; ibid. ■ His h au ghtinefs toward sfhe enaperorand Henry, 67.. Hiscott- grefs with: the emperor,; re-eftablifhment of the peace: of Italy, and bis pomp and magn; licence there., hud. Calixtus the antipope fubmits to hÎm, and ishum ancly treated,’-ó8. Hoi d s a gener ahoouncT at; Ro m e, ' an d : his ; traxr Í adtionsi there in ; his -refiitance from îheScots; arid: death, ibid. ------IV . fucceiTor of Innocent IV . in the popedom, x. i d . opppRsdMainhoi, .riegentióf: the two - Sicilies,:.and excommunicates him, ;ibid. The Eugliili parliaments re— fufe to grant fubTides to him, and diiclaim connection with him, 103. Pubüíhes orders for a cru fade again ft the Sara cens, and Hi s propofals for an acco mraodadon with Main- froi rejected, 104. Death, ibid/ —------— — V . chofen pope by the' council of Pifa, in op position to Gregory and-Benedicl:, and annuls their proceed ings, x. 108. i His deathV;ibid. : ■ ■■■/■ ■ ----—— ----— V I. fucceiTor of Innocent V HI. in the pope dom, his execrable cha r acte r , >:. ary. : His infoience to Charles king of r ranee,,220. His : remark abl e death, 225. » . ... • ... ----- :— V I I , -Po p e,, fucceftbrYofin n acent X. x, 338. His profound Kypocniy, dífícl utenefs, and vviekednefs, 33g. Is bribed by the Jefuits to an accommodation with; the Ve netians, 340. Differs with the. French court, and an ac count of the mortifications he received from their ambaftà- dor Crequi at Rome, .and, the iffue thereof, 340, 34.1. Is obliged by Lewis to fubmit to disgraceful terms of accom modation,- 342. His death, 343. ; ALEXANDER. VIII. fucceeds Innocent XL., as pope, x. 360. AiEfts king James his nepetifm, and many other abofes and corruptions, 361. His death, and fhocking charadier, 361, 362. A L E X - r r N : D-7 K" JT E JtA H D E R ,íon ofA m yn íss ,i ca u fes th.e ■ Pe ritan arn-baSa- 'dors to -fee affaiEnaierf by ailrarágeni, ilk 253, Attempts tcs ■ draw off; theAthenImis from the grané a-11 i a nc e,a n d-in dace them to take part 'with the Perfiaris, without effect, -254. ©ives intelligence of Mareen I us’s intentions totheAtheni' an3, 254.:; Succeeds feis father Amyntas, ibid. A II. king o f.' Maced cm, .defeats Alexander of Pherae, and takes poíleíucn of LariiTa, lii. 257. Attempts ■■■■■'A&';eíiíláveJtbe TbeifaUans, but is-pppoied-by them arid the Thebans, and cbliged: to evacuate their towns,. 258. Is af- Âftedb-y Pelopie as again it his brother Perdiccas, who kills : ■ liim, and reigns after, him, ibid. ' *— —-— - - ; the Great, fon of Philip of Macedón, bis birth, x. 260. Is appointed regent of the- kingdom, and defeats the Illyrian invaders, when at the age of fifteen, 266. Suc ceeds to the thronev::;and: gives a itriking inftance_ of the dawn of his military capacity, 273. ■ His education, and ~ great application to learning under Been!das and- Ariftotle, ■“ ibid. - Greek confederacy agairift him 4 and cauibs his gene ral Attains to be put to death, for afpiring to the throne, 274. His conqueils in Thrace, and over the Thebans, which city he takes and razes, 274, 275. He is declared generaliffimo of the: Greeks, for cirrying on the waragamft Porfía, at Corinth, where he vifits Diogenes, whom he ad mires, though receives from him a furlv anfwer, 276.- His - expedition again ft the Perfians, ii. 18 1, & feq. x. 276, & feq. Defeats their numerous army at Granices with great {laughter, 277. Other exploits and tranfactions, 277, & ieq. Reduces Phrygia, Piftdia, Paphíagonia, and Cappa docia, and unties the Gordian knot, 280. Totally:routs Da rius’s army with great {laughter, and takes the Per fian camp, 282.- Ccdefyria, Sydon, Tyre, &e. fubmlt to and are taken by him, ibid. & feq. Darius writes~a haugHty letter to him, and his recriminating answer, 282, 283. biarches to Jeiu- -■ lakm, where he treats the high-prieft with extraordinary refpect, andihews kin duels to the Jews, 284. His ungene rous end cruel treatment of the govern®r and inhabitants of Gasa, 285. His joyful reception by the Egyptians, who were dííafreéied to the Perfians ; he founds the city of Alex andria near the N ile; and viilts the temple of Jupiter Am mon with infinite hazard, ibid. Pafíes the : Euphrates-and Tigris, and intirely defeats the Perfians at Arbeía, 2S7. Takes Sufa, and poileffes hirnfelf of Darius’s t rea fare in that city, 288. Takes Perfepolis, finds an immenfe treafure there, and fets fire to the Perfían palace, 289. He reduces. Hvrcania, &c. 290. Luxurioufneis of the Mace dón ia& . i ' N D È : -3É' Ionian chiefs, who complain of the length?"of! the war, are checked by him, 291. Account of arconfpiraev ■ agal-nfi- him, and puniÎhment of the . ccnfpirhtors,;:2.9-3,-¿^4. ' Re-'? duces Bacfria and Sogdlana, and puts to death BeiTus, chief ' i o f the murderers ; of' Darias, 294, 295. : Reduces Mara- ■ eanda, capital ofSogdla, and other cities, 295* Adopts the Per San manners and drefs, 297. - MmdersGlytusûoS. -His. remorfe thereupon, which is allayed by the bafe and impi ous flattery of An axa rebus, who, ' with other paraiites, caufe divine honours to he paid tohim, 298, 299. A new confpiracy agami! him difeoyered, and the authors punithed with: death, 299,300. Takes the Sogdi an rock^ and mar ries Roxana, 301, 302. Begins his march on his Indian expedition, and obliges feveral of-their princes to fabmit, 302. His co noue fis and exploits in India, 303, y&ffeq. Defeats the army of Borus, and treats him with great kindnefs and generoiity, 305, 306. His further projects oppofed by his army, who refilling to accompany him, prevail on him to return, 306, 307. He is wounded' and in imminent Bari.- ger from the Indians near the river Hydraortesy 3 o'9. •■■■Great reduction of his army in the Indian war, 3 :1 . PuGGcs corrupt governors, ibid. Quells a mutiny in his army,;-and his intrepid conduct; on that occafion, 3 13 . Enters Baby lon, where he buriès Hepbæirion with great pomp p;. 31 5. His death by excenive drinking, ibid. Difiurbances in ccnfequence of it,'and divifion of the empire, 316, For Alexander's exploits againft the Periiàns, fées alibi ii. x B r— 195. A L E X A N D E R SEV ER U S fueceeds Heliogabales as em peror of the Romans, iv. 530. His excellent difpofition, and the reformations he made in the Rate, 531- His-ge- r.erous treatment of Camillus, who afpired to the empire, 532. Defeats Artaxerxes, who had i n v a d e d ■ t he. Romam dominions ; and fnbd ues Me fo pot ami a, 5 3 3. Is aibriiinatcd by the Gallic foidiers, at the Indication of Maxim in, 534. Excellent character of him, ibid. A L E X A N D R IA , city of, taken by the Arabs, vl. 140, 14 1. -A LEX A N D RIA N war, rife of, and tranfaririonsim it, iv. 264, & feq. See E g y p t ...... library, its invaiLiable contents d efër 0 y e q by the Arabs under Amru, at the command of Orara, vi. 14 1. A L E X IS, fucceifor of Michael in the empire of Ruflia, -and father of Peter the Great, pun Mies an impoRor who pre tended to be the fon of the czar Zufki, xii. ¿83. -Sup- prefies

I preÎTes â ;newinfurr e£ti on on account of the oppreftionô-oj5' his favourite mimfter Morofou,;■ 584. Bis exploits, ■ and "conquéfis of : the Poles and - S w'edes, ibid. Dangerous re~ \ hellion of S tenkoKazin, a Coifac chief, agamft him,. who takes Affracan, a nd co m m i t s- iho c k i n g: barbarities, 585. E x- tmguiibed- by the czar, who recovers Artrâcany :&c. ibid. . Accounts of his ex-tenfiv-e genius andnoble projetas, ^Sô. ■ . . Death and cfcaraâter, ibid i A L E X IU S C O M N EN U S, fuccefTor -of Botoniates, chofen emperor of the Romans, v. 176. Gains feveral advantages . : over ; the Turks , and makes peace with them, 1:77. His dominions attacked by the Normans, who defeat him, ibid. They gain a fécond viâory over him, which is fucceeded by. a peace, 178. Various fucçefs - betwixt him and the Scy- thians, who are at length totally routeft by him, 178, X79. Joins In a crufade againft the Turks and Saracens, and .re covers Nice from them, 180, 18 1. W ar between him and Boemund prince of Antioch, who befteges Dyrrhachium, but is forced to make peace, 182, 18,3. Defeats the Turks ■ In feveral engagements, 183. His death, ibid. ,---- — — CGMNENUS, fon and fue cello r of Manuel, emperor of the eaft, ,v. 186. Andronicus, revolting.from him, caufes his eyes to be put :out, and is himfelf declared protector, ibid. Is murdered by affaftins hired by Androni- ■ . eus, 187. — ,——— A N G E LU S fucceeding his brother Xfaac Angelas, .is-declared emperor, v. 189. Alexius, fon of Xfaac Angelus, enters into a treaty with the French and Venetians for re covering the empire to his father, 190. ' Conftanti nopie being taken by them, the emperor makes ids efcape to- Zagora in Thrace, and Xfaac is reftored, and acknowledged emperor, ibid. ------:— fon of Ifaac Angelus, fucceeds his father as em peror, : v. : : 19 1. Being confpired aga in ft by John D ucas, who incenfes the populace agamft hum,: and murders- him-, ibid. A LEPPO befieged. by Abu Obeidah, general, of the Arab's, vi. i,2 r. Progrefs, of-the liege, and dbftinate defence‘.of the citadel, 122— J24, -Taken by them, 124. A L HABÆB,-or Ali, , rebels againft Ahmed Al Motaroed the cal iff, and great fucceifes againft him, vi. 391, 39-2. Retains poiTeftion of .the city and province of Abwaz, and remains victorious over the califps armies,. 392. Is defeated by Mow- afTek, 397. Again defeated, and ¿lain by him, 399- A L HAD/, fucceffor of the califF Al Mohdi, railed to the califat, yi, 317 . SuppreiTes a rebellion againft him, fet on. foot ' . I N B E : X, foot By■'Hofein, wno 'is pu. to ■ ae.aih - 31S. His treachery, and ■ unnatu ral coni piracy row: nil: his mother, who outwits ■ and murders Mmy 319.. His ■ ■ character, ibid. \ A L I, fon-in-law and nephew of Mohamnied, fncceeds Gth- rnan in the cal:far, -being fourth califf, v;. ¡54. His iolernn - inauguration, ’’and ‘he manner of it, and the tup Mil: An o f - the Arabs on.that occafion, 155. His great abilities-and :.refolution, See. 156. Opposition and cedges formed ugalnic' him by Moawiyah his general and his - mother AyeSia, and. the confequences of them, 1 77, & feq. Marches agahiit Ayefha, whom he defeats and rakes prifener at the battle of the came], ic q — toy. Moawiyah arms againiV fcfrhj whom he engages with at the battle of So Min. 163, 164.. He challenges' Moawiyah to a tingle combat, and afterwards totally defeats his army, but is outwitted by him, aim'by a ilratagem deprived of the fruits of his victory, 16 5 / is forced to accept of am arbitration with Moawiyah, who re- . fufes to acknowledge his titles, 106, 107. Rebel ¡¡on and treasonable practices of Amru againrt him, who .uniuitiv pro cures his depoiitioii by craft, 167, 108. Defeats the ICanfte rebels, and is afterwards betrayed by his great men, 170. M o -. a wi yards iuperior policy, and Deeds againit him, 17 1, 17 2 . His affairs declme through remiilhcfs, and h-s iubjecls daugh ter e.d, 172. Con fpi racy formed again ft him, Moawiyah, .. and Amru, and its consequences, 172, Sc feq. He is mur dered at the indication of a female Arabian entbuuaii, 174.. Deter ip tion of him, his char a Her, family, government, and c safes of his misfortunes, 175, 176 A'L XvADER, fucceiTor of Al T ay in the Mofiem throne, vL 485. His hiitory, trairft ¿lions and death, ¿act—1 > ; . A L K A Y E A B If A M R IL L A rl, fuccefibr of A 1 hi a c er in th e cslifat, hiftory of, and transitions in his reign, vii. b—29. A.L M A M U N , brother of Ai Amin, fucceeds him as califf, aud fettles the government of tbs provinces, vi. 344- Rebel lion of the houfe of A.U again ft him, which is fuppreiTed by his generals, 345. His ungrateful and cruel treatment of his general Harlhema, by the bafe inftn nations of his corrupt minjiter AI Fade’, who gives.him pernicious coun- fel, and is afterwards murdered, 346, 347. Hi.s great love and encouragement of lemming, 349. Signal reward'to his great general 1 ’iiher on that ."Sccount, who gives an extra ordinary inftsnce of his liberality to -a poet, ibid. Account of his peculiar opinions in religion, 352, 353* ’His pru dent conduct with reipedi vio his minifters, and favour to the Chriftians, who exceed their privileges, but are par- v ■ dimed I N D . TG doned by him, 353,. 354. Ets: learned rmen^particularly aifronomers and. physicians,. and their:works, 35^, 355 .: He • invades Greece, and conqñers ie ve ra l pi a ces ;th er e, 355, 1 356. His Death,,,, and pious expreiEon: at hls; exity 338. His. charade,r.s and excellent qualifications, 3^.8, 359. AL MANSER, (ABU JAAFER) fecond califf ofthefioufe of Abbasy fucceeds his brother Abul Abbas, vi. 2.89. Suppreffes a confpiracy in behalf of bis nephew ífa y ana the rebellion of Abdallah, 289, 290. Gaufes Abu Mofle in, governor o£ K o raían, a rich, magnificent and luxurious fubjedb, to be treacherouily put to death, 291, Reduces his general Jam- bur, who bad rebelled againfl him ; and perfecutes the Chrif- tians, 292. Narrowly efeapes being affainnated by the Rawandians, who are defeated, 293. His careful appoint ment of governors, foreign wars, &c. 204, 295. Builds the city of Bagdad, and his wife choice in the fituation of it, 295, 296. His fevere treatment of the Chriftiaos, and the caufe of it, 299. Puniihes the iniolence of I fa his fuc- ceiTor, 301. His advice to his fon, death, character, wealth, &c. 305—308. __ A L M A N Z A , battle of, wherein the confederates are totally defeated by the French and Spaniards, and its confequences, xii. 287, 2S8. A L M O C T A F Í, the feventeenth calliF o f the houfe of A! Abbas, fucceeds A1 Motaded, vi. 4 13. The Kannatians rebel againft him ; their progrefs and redudfion, 4 14— 416. Invades and recovers Egypt to the .califat, 417. Rebellion, of Ai Kalij, who is defeated and taken prifoner ; and re newal of that of the Karmatians againfi him, who totally defeat his troops, 418, 419. His death and character, 420° A L M O DI, ion of AÍ Manfur, fucceeds his father, vi. 308. Hts fon Harum invades and enters the Imperial territories, and obliges the Greeks, by a ihameful treaty, to pay the cahff an annual fubfidy, 3 11 . Account of his virtues, mag nificence, love of learning, and other amiable qualities, Sic. 3 12 — 314. His death by poifon, and character, 3x6. A L M Q K T A D E R , eighteenth calirF of the houfe of Al Abbas, fucceeds Ai! Mochil in the califat, vi. 420. E x ploits of his generals in Egypt, 4 21, 422. His magnificent reception of the Greek am bailadora, 423. His Egyptian tern:oríes invaded by the Magrabians and Africans, who are defeated with great {laughter by his general, 424, 425. His luxury and indolence, and their ill consequences, 428, Si ieq. Is depofed by his brother A\ Kaher, but afterwards reitoreu, 432. Great fuceefs of Abu Thaer, general of the ■ the Ear ma tiam rebel agami® him, who take, plunder, rand - i defer oy Mecca, - 4327433- -Menés., diiguffed at: his dege nerate conduct, oppofcs and m arches again it him to B ag- dad, where he is kiIIcd by one of his ..mien, 434,. 435. Va7■■ ■ rious .accounts iof:ihi4>dëath,i43^.: i:;Çharaéler,t.436-k ^ .-v „ A L M O N I'A S E R , thc eleventh cal iff of the houfe of AI ' : Abbas, vi. 379. His remorfe-ferhis father’s murder, 380» ■ Death andeb2ra3 er, ibid. A L MO ST A C F f, the : twen tyTeecnd califf of the houfe of AI Abbas, and iucceiTor of Al Modtafi,. elected cà!h7, vi. 452. Defigns of the ambitious Moezzodawla, whom he : created-Ernie Ai Qmra, sgainil him, who caufcs Him to be dethroned, 453, 454. A i, M O ST A D E R , the twentv-eighth califF of the houfe of ' Al .Abbas, fucceffor of Al Moktadr, vii. '4T. Remarkable- cruiade at this period of hi$ reign, 43, A icq. See C r u - s a d e . His times barren of events, 62. His death, 64. AH M O ST A D L the thirty*-fécond caliif of the home of Al Abbas, fucceeds Moftanjedy vii. nor. His danger from his min ifiers, arid ad diets thereupon, \ 09. Death, n o . A L M OS T AÎN ■ B ILL AH, the twelft h cahff of the houfe of Al Abbas, fucceeds Alt Montafer, vi, 3811 Power and in fluence of the Turks in his reign, arid rebellions againtb ; him, 381, 382. They declare Al Motaz califf, 383. His renunciation, death, and character, 384- A L M O ST AN JE D , th e. th i rty-firfi cal i fF of the houfe of Al Abbas, vii-. 87. Affairs between the Modems and GhrîiHans, and revolutions in Egypt during bis reign, 87 — 10 0 .: Death and charaSer of him, 100, I0I- A L M O ST A N SE R , the thirty-eighth .caljfr of the houfe of A l Abbas, fucceeds Al Dhaher, vii. 226. His ex celle nr character and works, 227. Wars between Game! the ndtan - of Egypt and the Crufaders In this reign, and his modera tion and favour to them, 227—242. See Cameo, C ru sade, and . C rusaders. He defeats the Tartars with- great daughter, 243* His death, 244. A Ï/ M G ST A R SH E D , the. twenty-ninth calltr of the . houfe: of À1 Abbas, fucceeds Moffader in the cahfar, vli, 64*. Ambitious defwns of Zenki and M.afud againit him, the former of whom is defeated, but the latter defeats and takes him prlfoner, 72, 73. Mafud makes a treaty with- him, and grants him his liberty, on paying a large fum, 73. His cruel murder, and character, 74, A L M G T A D E D , the fx tee nth cal iff oft he houfe o fA lA b - bas, fucceilbr of Al Motamed, vi, 404, Favours the AIL C 2 . famiivj • i N'. X) E x,: family:, and his juince to it, 405, 407-. His - wife, condhiL .,in rewarding the .virtue of Sheik ■ Kiaiath,-' who''relaafed a young woman from violation. 4.0-8; Rebellion. o.f. the Kar- -matianvagairuff him* 40Q ,&ieq, Inftances of his juiirice 2nd clemency, - 409. 4i-3. Kis deaih :and charaCier}'Ai2, 4 ; 3. A L :M O "FA W W A K Ef EL , .-the-- tenth- cal iff:-of- the: houfe of-' Al- Abbas, -and fucceffor o f; Al: Wathek,tyh 369; He per-, fecutes the Chriffiansp.snd b 1 ftp ty o fa C h nftia n phyi 1 cian, 3 7 ;, His farther, feverity towards thel Chriibians^ occa:- . dioned by their animoiities-, 374. He renders himfelf odious .to: his fubj.ecis: by his. dr unkennels and cruelty, 375- Severe puniihmeht of a mock prophet, 37-6, Coni piracy againit him between A1 Mon-tafer his fon ar.d the Turks, on ac count of his Rail tic condudbj 37.7. His affaffnatien, and character of him, .378. ... A L M Q T A Z , the thirteenth "califfof the houfe of A! Ab bas, fcceeeds A l Moftaih In the cad-fat,- vi„ 384- Diffrac tions of, .h i-s-- -govern m e nt, and fe union of the 'Turks, wh ich he endeavours-in. vain to appeafe, 386. Put to a ; cruel, death by the Turk lift and other troops, 387. His charac ter, Ibid:. A X M OTE, the -twenty-third,, califf o.f the home of A! Abbas, Succeeds his father Moktader, vi,. 454. His abject ffavery under Moezzodawla,. a tyrannical min liter, from which Naiferocasvla undertakes to deliver him, and maintains a war againff: him, 454, & feq. Tranfactions of Saiffodawia, Moezzodawla, and Naiferodawla, mid the wars with and iuccefiTs of the Greeks during this call rat, 455—464. The califf is reduced ho a miferable and di ft relied condition, and obliged to abdicate, 467, 468. . A L L O B R O G I, account of them, and their war with .the Ro man s, i v. 211, A re twice d efeated by. them, 2.12. . A LO N SO the Great, king xff Spain, defeats the Moorifh armies, xii. 148.. His glorious reign, and face dies againft his r ebelli bus lubjects, 149. His refignation, allot tneiit of - . the kingdom to his twofons, and great-character,-ibid. A L P A R SLA N , fuftan of the SeSjuks, fucceeds his uncle T o - grol "beg in the poff of Loilr AI Omra of Bagdad, &c. vff. 16. His. governors rebel againff him, 17. fie relb Ives on the conqudt of Tuikiitan, in which he is ohftruOted by the emperor Romanus, who invades ins territories, 19. He defeats the Greeks, and takes , their general pri foxier, 21. Account of the famous battle of Zabra between him and.the emperor Rom anus, 222, 223^ A L RASH ID, the thirtieth califf of'the houfe of A.1 Abbas, iucceffor of Maitarfhedy vii, 74* Is depoied by fffftan.Ma- 6 ’ " ■ Rd, Ì:'‘ N D W XL iuQj who enters Bagdad'; ana Al 'Modan declared cali+F in. his room, 75. Iliftory of ..Egypt, the Fenian aftairs, 5s c. - during this callfat, to the death or Moctaii, 75 — 85 . ALVA . dake of, th e S p anlfli mini ft er,h i s exceitlvc cruelty b and defpodftn, ix. 304. War between him and the Nether- ■■ ■;landers, 305, Sc feq. Puts the inhabitants of Mechlin, with- ■■. ' out dìitinélÌGn, to the fworci, and pìunders..thè, cityy 306. Suceeft of the/Z ealanders aga in ft the S paniards, and de tea i o f the Sect fitted out by him, 307. He rehgns his govern- ". ment, and is iucceeded by do ALewlshe Requefnes, Ibid. A L V A R O , fayourite minifter of the king of Cardie, difeontents in■ Spain 0n his acccunt, :xii - aq8, & -ft q. King don. . Juan is di fg.ftfteTat ri is -arbitrary and tv ranni cat proceedings,. ■ and forbids him to appear at court, 2; 0. The king, Oleg determined on his rum, caufts hiin- ;c be beheaded,.-. 21:2, Character of him, ibid. ■ ^ ,.V 1 AL W ATHE'CK BILI.,AH, thè ninth cliff of the houle of ■ Ai Abbas, fucceeds AÌ Mot Tern in the cab far, vi. y ó y .H is ■ 'Kftory defective and uucerfaln,.ibid. Conjectures' concern ing his projects and' exploits, in. Europe And Sicily.,. 368., His peculiar friendfnfp for the ChrifìÌans 3 .death, 'bud' cna- ■■ racier, 368, :6g. AMA-LASUNTHA j mother'ofAthalaric, k:n~ of the'Oicro- go tbs, and regent of the kingdom,, her wife and .prudent ■ adminiftrati.on, v. 44.3. Her Abjedsdifianshed at" the polite- tutelage of her fon- Aehalarie, ihe complies , with; .their-deman d s concerning hum, whole one. ft e r di ts- th ro.it gh his lewd - . nefs and debauchery, ibid. T ekes Th cod ecus for. her coi - legue, who treats her cruelly, and ungratefully caufes her ■ to be put to death, 444. s ■à M à LEK, the progenitor of the Amalekites, fuppoftd to be defeended. from Ham or Shem. i. 136. An account of; his ■ defeehdanrs ; their hiftory, religion, culto ms, &c.,and utter ext ; rp a ti o n. in th e rei gn et A ezek iah by the Si m e c n ; tes , ' 137» k 8. - . . . .' . à MASIS, ny treachery ana poiiev3 obtains the kingdom.of Egypt from A pries, h 107, 108.. ■ Defeats Apri.es-, and'puts him to death, 108. His policy for the. eft ab Ì i th merit of his authority, and his mean extraction, ibid. Builds tire, temple of I fi s at Memphis, &e. 10a. Conquers Cyprus, and. invailo a . of his territories re Lived on by Cambyfes, ibid. His death, 1 10- A Ivi ERIC Ai, grand plan of the Englifn there ; their'opera tions and fucceiTes, xii. 108, & feq. Terms of the treaty of Fontainblead with refpecl to it, 129, 130, C 3 ' A M IR I- . 1 x: AMEElOAN-'w^ the-EngHíh and -French, its.'-rife;,.' and the iniidious■ and íaithlefs.'cor/duS-of. the -French pro-: ' vibus thereto, XH. 8B. \ Account oí the difputesfcet wixt the £wo powers’ relating to - their territories;there,. and- the in- ‘ famous an d- ev a fi v ec o ndu cto ft he commifíaries pi France, Sh. Afarthe r: view of the ird iffe n t i o n s, -A.eu pri g h tc o n c u cto ft h e Bntiih commifiaries, and the French encroachments on the trade and territory of the EngiiA^-Bq, go. Mea fares and ■ ■ operations in:CQnifquer.ce therepÍ, 9©, & fe.q> A M IR , fon ofAycin, fui tan or Karla, and leader of the Aug- zufcian -Turks, his maritime force, and conqueíts iaSamo- thracia, &c, viii. ^4. His peace with Andronicusy and ínfíanees of his exirordinary fidelity and afredtion towards "the emperor Kantakazemus, 55. Hfs faces fs again if the patriarch of Confíantinople, whom he kills, together with fome of his chief followers, 56. . AM M O N , king, of J lidah, : a nd fo n; of Mana (Teh, pis depra vity and wicked ilfe, I ,-424. Is murdered by his domefíics, - ibid* A M M O N IT E S, their hifíoryy i. 122, Defcended from Am mon, fon éf Loth younger daughter $ fome account of their fíupid and cruel religion, cufíoms, &c. ibid. Account of their fet dement, kings, wars' with and irreconcilable hatred to the ifraelites, who conquer them in the reign of David, 123, & feq. Their dalSgns againfí the rebuilding of the temple defeated by Gedaliah, 125. T beirlaíkwarfare with the Ifraelites, and decleniion fmee that time, ibid. - A M R U , general c-f Alt the ca lift, his pradlices and intrigues againfí him, vi, 168.. .Depofes him, and degrades Moa- wiyah, but decrees the latter to the califat,ibid. Confpi- racy againfí him; hut eRapes, and puts to death the afíaf- fm, i 73. His death, and: character, &c. 183. A M U R A T , or M GRA.D, fon and fucceiTor o f Orphan, fultan of the Ottoman Turks, his policy, reduction of Adri- anopls, and conquefís in Thrace, viu. 60. Infíitutes the order of the Yenghlchert, or Janifaries, 6 1. His vaft con quers in Europe and Afia, and is ilain by a Chrífíian foldier, ibid. A N A ST A S IA S, fucceeas Zeno as emperor of Cpnfíahti- xiople, aboliihes an cppreihve tax, and iuppreffes a formidable rebellion of the ifaurians, whom he defeats, v. n o . Per-r feeutes the orthodox biOiops, and his dominions ravaged by the G et®, and troops defeated, 112. His death, fuppofqd fa have happened bv lightning, ibid. A N AN AGO RAS',■ accufed ■ of impiety, .and■ barufaed from A£> ' tica,iL-337;,^/neit.- AN C F R A , defcription of the deGiiive ;baide of,' .between ■ TamerianeandJâajazet, ,-,vîi. AN D RIbO U S,. who Ailed hi m felf the Ton of Perfeus king,of ¡Macedon, an. account of him and his mean extraction, ili 365, Is feized on by Demetrius, in order to be fent to Rome, but makes his efcape into Thrace,- ibid; Heel ai ms the crown, eaufes himfelf to be acfcno wledged king, and■ reduces part of Tneilaly, 366. Scipio; Naficà is fent againit him by the Romans, who compels., him to, return, to Mace- don, ibid. Defeats, and kills-the Roman, generals Juventius, T h al na, and C sel lus, ro utS' th.ei r army, and govern s with great pride, cruelty, and: tyranny, 367:. Defeats the Roman army under Mete lies, .who afterwards totally overthrew him, - and obliged him to take fhelter in Thrace, ibid. , He is dc- : livered up-to the Romans bv Byzasa prince of Thrace, 368. . . / ANDRONIÇU 3 P A L æ QLOGUS, .. fo.n and fucceffor of .Michael PalæoIo.g:US., emperor of the Greeks, his. dominions:... invaded by the Turks, v. 198. Galls in . the ¡Catalans to : his relief againR the Turks, who in conjunction ravage and pi under his cou n tr y, igg. Hi s army agai n defeated by : t he Turks, who take his campant! an immenie booty, 2CO. He fends Philes Palæologus againfr them with an army, who defeats and in tire! y cuts them off, ibid. His: grandfon An- droaicus, prompted by his ambition, revolts, with whom he is obliged to divide the empire, 201. Koftil i ties- renew ed betwixt them, and an accommodation efieAed, ¡202. -Hrs grandfon gets po fie in on of Conitanrinople, is "fa-luted em peror, and deprives him of the imperial power, 203. A N G U IE N , duke of, defeats the Sp.anifn army commanded by don Francifco de Mel 10 and the count dc: Fuentes, at the battle of Rocroi, xii. 2. Kis further exploits agaiafi:, and niccefies over the Imperia lifts, 3, 4. A N JO U , duke of, hîs négociations with refpeef to the Low- Countries, with the king of Navarre, .and Queen Eliza beth, xi. 375—'3/7. His courtfnip and treaty of marriage with that princefs, 378. Her artifice for declining tee match with him ; and his ambitious views, ibid. Becomes odious to the Netherlanders, and lofes the feverergnty there, •379* . ,, - »------■ fécond fon. of the dauphin of Jt ranee, fucceeds Charles II. asking of Spain, in coniequence c: h s wi!î,:'xiî. 49’ Ç 4 ' ANSON,’ f N' E'-.X;" , ' V • AN 3 ON, captain, Some account of his expedition- and atoll 1 eye- menrs againft the Spaniards m the South-Seas, xih. goB-—- ■ do A N T E D IL U V ! AN hiirory, remains of it from the-Heathen, .. writers, i. 14— i". Chronology of theAn£edrlmxans varions - - : . and ambiguous, i t . State:or them*,;- and the moil probable - . - -opinions aligned of-their longevity, religion, & c. 19,-20.- A N T fiE M iU S , fucceiTor of Sever us, .is declared emperor of the vYed,; v. 104,.- is out to oearb by Ricimer, 105. A N T IG O N U S , king of Maeedop, being invited-into Greece . " by the Aohteans, ip order :o aft agxrrft Clcoinenec, enters the ' :Pel opo-nn eie, ■ and re due es ; Go-tin th, and ; ■ other:-; -pi aces, i]. ", 44 q. Is c ho fen genera- ■ o f ■ ■ th e: corneas rate. a r rr-v, ib id, -vD e- ■ ;fea-ts- Cleomepes .at.-.Sellaiia,- 460 a Takes poileiiion: of Sparta, ■ .. hut i s; fo on : :ob i i god; to quit - it, to rep eh a n in v ailon of the ■; :fj]yrians in Mac ed on i ad 4 61 . ' See. alio Hi. 35k,. 3^2. 'Gains a viitcry -over Eumenes, lii. 322. -His. army defeated by Eurrxr.es, 325. He again engages Eumenes, who defeats " ■ Antlyonus's ■foot, -bot is: treeoheroudy ,hslivere b up to fhIm ; by 'h is .0 w. h m e a, ya nyh put to d e a.t h ■ by h i nr, 3c 5 . -His fbc- cefies: in Surio- and Phccn-icis, 327, 32S■ .Hi3 fon "Deme trius gaining .a- fl-gnal- victory-over /-Ptolemy;; at iha, they both thereupon.afibtne.-ihe. ..tldeuo'f Ghg-yÔ- ■ i-Q f ■-hlsv:.e>:- pcxiirion into Egypt, and his lob at ibnlng out, ibid. Se- ..' ..leucus, ■ Ptolemy.:. and. X-yiimackus- cuxn Deo a cenrb.icrncy .■■■■againfDb.irn, 37 *. His army iaHrely dsieatc::, and himlelf ■ -7,-ilaixi by-the. con-federates, who divide ids bondmens amcugic fthemfslves.,-'3.32... A N T IO C H ,;- account of a iettitich-- there D the reign of the . ..emperor Thecdofius. and the dreadful pcnifhmcuts of the inhabitants' in- conicq.uen-.ee of it, v. 55, .6. ReiDxed to ■■ its■ privileger at the intercemow .of 1.the::- bifiiops .St. Cary lb- -. dom c.r.i’ Flavian;:;;, 57. ' ;,3: fb ' ARbBX'Ar defcHptiGn o f It, ,its_ diviiion and geography,: and an-account of the Arabians till the time or Mahomet, vi. :■ 1, & feq..-. .. ■ ■ A R A B S , their hiitory, cUfetni, religion,' language,/learning, ' ' ■ char.a£te.r, and cuftcms, 5 :t. vi. 7—25. T b b bidory from' the time f..:f Mahomet-.to-the year.627, 25, & >eq ■ .Their. .;rebel!ion. and iedluon at. Adrianoble ip the reign cf fuiiarr ; Ahmed, vuD-jco, 30T. A 'R A T U S offends Philip by his honed advice, and is put to death by him, H, 472» ' His ebr meter, 3 73. ■ A R C H IM E D E S , his-defence of Syraduib with' his..-furpfliihg rnachbies 5 diiconcerts the meaiures .of the- Romans,i and ppiig.es ■' ôbliges them;tp-.retire, yL 10.6— toS.- His death -by'.£.'116 * man foldie'r, and? an account of -the- a Grozin* eiFedU of his 0 genius- 113^ ri4.'- A R E Q ? AGUSy.coo re oR account of ks extcniwe juriHidiicn. •im’d.autherity, ii, 300, 301. A R G U N , Lucan. efP erfia, foceeeds Ahmed-'in- the empkN, .xdi. 39S: His hatred to the Mahometans, favour to the Chrkhans- t.n'd death, ibid. :A R . B KR F . ifi n£ - of the.. Lombards, and fucceiTor 'o f R o - ' .to a As. 4 diviRs the kingdom between his ions partharit. and Gundebero; v. 4.7?- : . . AR ID .S U Si.; declared emperor by Meleager, a Per the death qf Alexander the Great, hi. 31O. He' is veiled-with the regal autho’ky, 3-T* .ARiPERTb-NeceiRr/of Ragumbert, king of the.Lombards, - ihiLcruelty. to:thefam ily of Afprand, froth whom'he dies,-' ■ after an engagement with him, and is drowned., and. A f- prand is cho.Ln king, i oh. k room, v. 482. A .R 1ST X D ES, and .. Themiitocles,. their char acre rsf ii. 3 1 4 ,' ■ 3,1.5. .. Ra-u.lihnaeht o f . the former,: '-315.AcRecalled,. 3 j j . g Greece taxed by him, for carrying' cn -the- Peri!an. war, -. ■ h '4- ' ■ g . . . ' A R tS : O E u L u S , toe Ton c f Here an, .facet ere n g his father - in the high-priefthoodh.craeiiy murders his mother-and his. brother Antigone s, and afterwards dies with re mode and" ■ defpai-r, i. 4.74, '475. _/ _ _ _ ^ A R K , ths.defcri.pdbn o f it,' 2nd its dimeniions^.how difputed,: i- 24- Coni’.derations on- the. capacity, of^ it,; the; timber of which it was made, &e. .the place where and in pooled, time", o f its- building,. 2.5. " Opinions cl .various vînters ,concern-; ' ing 'the place where it is conjePored t o ha v ere ite dyco—2 8 .. A R M E N IA , -its hfiiory, divifion-, cities, rivers, mountains, kings, &c. iii. 4qo, & icq. invaded by’.OGrb.aio^.,who.'at.'ien-gth»-/. imirely Tuhdues it, 502. T h e kingdom- of ir conferred by Nero on Tigranes, grandfon oi tiered theGreat, ibid. Is : -again invaded-by the Romans, and bellowed by Nero on the Parthian prince Tkidates, 503. Made a Roman pro-.., ■ yince by Trajan, and its •difBrenc R atesTnceyt04.-./. Endy- of its'kingdom, v- '94. See A rm enian' s-. ,0 wAb ------■ theleder. its limits, civTon, and kings, ili.504,505." ; ■ A R M E N IA N S ,' biit-ory'of, iii. 490, & feq. Their origin, early hiftory,'language., kings, and wars with the: Romans, -. 401- 6c feq. ' . A R M O R IC I iubmit to-'the Franks under Gl 0 vis, ami becernq- incorporaced with them,-". 3960 . ■- ' 1 ; ■ ARNOLD, r n B H:- "X T A R N O LD , the eighth mmperorof 'the weft, ;fucceeds■.■Charies the Grois, x. 386.'; His. exploits: againft the, Barbarians, and in Italy, 386,38 7. His-death, 387. .. A R R AG O N , hiftory of, xii. 216.. Ramiro, a: m onk,fucceeds Alo nib as king of it, 217. SucceiEon to-thecrbwix of it difpuled, but decided in favour of Ferbinand, 2 2 1 . Union of if .with Gaftile, 222.. A R T AX E RX E S, faccefTo r of D arias, his un faccefsful expedition againft Egypt, ii. 176» His death, 177. ■ ASDRXJ BA L fucceeds Harnilcar his father-in-law as general of the Carthaginians, ill- 198. The Romans .check his progrefs in Spain by a treaty, ibid. Is ailafEnated by a Gaul, 199. —------;—— brother of Hannibal, commander of a Carthagi nian, army, is twice defeated by Scipm, ill, 200. Is again defeated by him in Spain, 213. His camp forced by Scipio Bear .Bs.tula, .and his army routed, 222. He enters Italy with an army, where he is defeated and fain by the Ro- mans, 223, 224. ASHER*, lot, of the tribe of, ana its truitfuinefs, i. ,227. A SH RA F, fucceiTor of Mahmud in the throne of Perfia, bis rife, viiL 37 .. His cruelty, policy, and wars with the Turks, whom he defeats;, 38. A S IA T IC Greeks, their government, religion, laws, trade, character, andhiilory, &c. iii. 8, & feq. They join Xerxes 5n his expedition againit Greece, and revolt twice from the Perfians, u . Their treatment by the Athenians, and fate in later times, 12, 12. A SFR A N D , guardian of Luitbert, king of the Bombards, being perfected by Aripert, Hies to the duke of the Boiarii, who protects and fupports him, v. 482. Has a bloody en gagement with Aripert, whom he fuqceeds in the throne, ibid. His death, and is fucceeded by his fon Luitpra-nd, 483’ A ST U LP H U S, king of the Lombards, takes Ravenna, and re duces the exarchate to his obedience, v. 489. Requires the people of Rome to acknowledge him as their fovereign, and threatens the pope with plundering the city in cafe of re- fufal, ibid.- He is defeated and humbled by Pepin king of France, 490. He is beheged in Pavia by Pepin, who re covers the exarchate and Peniapolis, and gives them to the pope and his fucceiibrs, 491. His death, 492. A TH A L'A RIC , grandfon of Theodoric, choien king of the Oftrogoths, v. 442. His debauched life, and untimely death by thofe means, 442, 443- ATHENIANS, i -ñ v E- x ; . A T HEN IAN S, hiffory of them, it, .2S7 feq. Warfftetweesf: them .and theTTtylenians, 289. Th err] aw s,as ‘ digefted. - : by Solo::, 294— 296. Divided “ into two facrions, headed " . / by Cleomenes .and I i agoras, ■ 309. : W arwith the T g i nates, ^ 311. Defeat the Perfians at Marathon, 312, 313.' Defeat Xerxes Y fleet,. 319 - And the Per flam army at Plataea with great 11a ugh re r,. 32 r. G airy two important vi ño ríes by fea aiid land over. the. Perfians,: 327, Their war with the Co- jriáthiári5:and Spartans, 330, & ffq. And with the Samians, 3345.335* Of1 •u'rA wi th the: Sp arta ns, - 3 3 S, & feq. Agree to a. fifty years truce . ivith them, 347* Renew the war with the "Lacedsm.onians, .and; defeat th e m p e g iY-35 4* 356 .: Are defeated in a dcciiive battle at fea by -the Spartans' mi- der Lyfahder,. who takes Ar he ns, .357,; 40 7.s Socrates yniufrly to death, 362.. : Defeat,the Lacedaemonians, in two .battles, at fea.,., and make peace, with: them, 3651 S import th e. Phocian s in the general war . again If t hem,: 367,. . In-; fiance of their degeneracy, 368. They - make war with: Philip, and are defeated by him at Chsronea, 370,v;. Enter, into a confederacy, with, other Greek-Ratesi a gain ft Alexan der, and defeat Antipater, who afterwards: defeats, the: con federates, 371. Their flattery and ingratitude to Deme trius Phalereus, 374— 376. Implore the protection of the Romans againft the Macedonians, 518. A T H E N S, date of it, from the efiabliiliment of the annuaL archons to the Achsan; league, ii. 2S7, ¿c feq. Its expiation by Epimenides, 290. Deicriptlon of its city, public build ings, havens, and different inhabitants, 29Ó—299. - Twice plundered and burnt by the Perfians, 318., 321. ' Account of a dreadful plague there, 340, .34.1-.:. New government fet up in it by Pi lander, 352.; RdiegeJ by the Peiopon- nefians, and makes a di[graceful fubmiilion, 357.. ■ ■■■: Beiieged by Caffander, and relieved by Demetrius, 375. ~ Hlfior-y fof it,, from the time of the Achaean league to the reduction of Greece by the Roman sp 518—563. Philip declares war againft it, and is repulfed by the: Athenians, 5,18,: 52gf Arifio maíces birnfelf matter of it for M i t h r i d a tes, : 5 2 0 w B cw fieged and blocked up by Sylla, 521. Brave: defence of its inhabitants, who are at length reduced to great difirefs, 522. Taken by frorm, and the people murdered without: difiinñíon, 523* Various fates of it afterwards, to its prefent poífeilion by the Turks, 524. A T T IL A , king of the Hunns, invades Thrace, obliges the Romans to make a fhameful treaty with them, and .-.after-;.: y/ards invades their territories, \\ 94, Again invades the I E'-'-JG ' ; ''ftneempire, ahd ^c^mpbls'the'R a' d/ho- iToarsbie peace ■ with them, 95. His exploits hi Gzul and 'liz: y , and'creaty with' VVientlnian, 08, 99. For ;a fuller' ac- ■ count off his -exploits in Thrace* Gaul,' and Italy/&o. -fee p; 334— 34.0; of this'voL 'ATULRBUS, ilmcevTor of Abric, king of-tile Gothsytn-ar- Pries' Piacidia the lifter of -Honorius ; makes, war with the ■ emperor, and. is obliged to .retirePinto Spain, v. 85, 86. Ravages Italy,'invades- Gaul,.and takes''feme cities'; but be- " in <4 driven into- Spain, is murdered there, 3^8. ■ "A U G U STU S. emperor of Rome,, hiftory of him, and of his fucceiTors. to Coriftshtine, iv. 307— 583:. Brs excellent' ' regulations-and .pokey, 307, 308. Conciliates ..the affections of the people by reiigning the faices to Seftiu-s, friend to G B t u-tus, 312 , Refutes the'EiGatorihip, makes wife d:aws, and re form s sbufc 3, 312 , 3 1 3. 32 0. 3 3 0 P A co n ip i racy agairfit him " crifcovsred and puniihed, 3 13 , 314, Renews .fcisioverelgn authority, and purges the fen ate of' its corrupt 'members, 316. Encourages matrimony, and ieverely p pumihe's adultery. 317 . 32.9. ' Carries the Sibylline books to ."be'ftrictly examined, avd the genuine; ones to be feleCed and . prefervea, ibid. Exploits of "his generals ■ in Gaul and G er- ■ many, 318. 321. Ban I ikes his ..daughter Julia, for her de baucheries, 325. Pardons China, who was at the head of a corrfplracy again/ him, 327. Makes Tiberius his.coir legue, and renews his decennial power, 331, Makes a Genius of the people; his death, laft words, charadier, &e. J332 T 33f . ' , . A V iCriiN is A, a famous and learned phyiician among the Mo- fiems, his extraordinary hriiicry, vli. 2— 4. He. is perfecuted by the Modems, and imprifoned by them.,. 3. His rem?wk- able method of finding out the caufe of the love-malady of prince W a St m a k iris nephew, and curing him of it, .4. "His acute genius, irregularities, and great efteem of his works in Europe, ibid. A U R E L IA N , the Roman emperor, fucceiibr of Claudius,his various fuceefs again ft the Goths, whom he at length de feats, and makes peace with, Iv. 555. Subdues the"-Ger mans and Vandals, ibid. Kills Cannaband, a Gothic pnnee, 5^6. . Befteges Palmyra, which- is obitinately.defended by ■ Zcnobia, queen of the eaff, whom he at length takes - on ion er, and /pares, ibid, palmvra revolting, he retakes it, and puts all the inhabitants without dliiincnon to the fword, and behaves with creat humanity to Zenobia. and his- other m Boners, 557. Extraordinary proofs of his gen-ero.ftty, T J ' and ...... 1 ; 1ST -D--E .X.: .. band-;wh.olei0me.:Isws5,5 5 7 ^ 5 5 8 .His ôfficers. at the Irffti- ■ gation of Mneffheus. Ms fecretary, aiTafSiiate him,. His- chara£cer3 5-59. . ~ A U R E L IU S, Riled. Marcus A u r el 1 us An to n I n us, iucceeds. A n -' tornnus in the empire, and declares Veres his partner in the ibvsreignty, iv. 489. Various fucccfs of his armies- . 2gaInit the Far tk 1 ans ,' iand- . dreadful; cal am kies, I n: the ■ - beg in- ■ Bing' of. his. r e i g n , ^ 9 i . s . ' His ;-war with she Marco- •• .rnaxini,4whosdefeat the. Sower■■ of his troops, .-wpc,:.:.-'Signal-" ■ . dell Veranee of his !armg froas perifiling with exceffve -thbif,- 404. Iniranc.es of his. great dens enev and goodnefs, 496, 497. ■ Gains;-a ngrail victory over the Mars'orrr.urk AgS. ■ His. death and excellent character;, hue. ■ ..'bGbdvkGL' :k AUREO.AUS, . made • emperor in- 111 yricum- ■- -by< • the arrpyy marches again it Galiienus, 'and takes Ivliian,-iy,_'5iql ''D e feats and kills Mccrian, whole army.-.fubmits to him,’ ^50.- Makes warwkh Gailkruis, who Re feats him, 55 a. Is. a:-- ■ tacked by Claudius, and- kiued by the fold lets- c5 3» AURIKG 2 EB, io n cfSh sk Jeharu at frit gaverr.or of De- ■ ■ ■ kdh, "ana.■ afterwards' sir-uetor■ of the" -MogulsUnits Jemla in taking Bagnsgar, the capitai of Gol-cand?,,-: from AhdoU .lab. .vih 4$7. Joins with his brothers, andtakes-'arms against: his father,, whole fcns they defeat, 480— 49c... His ■ policy againit -hisfather, whom ha connnes, and alio''bit brother Morac, 491- 492» Account ot his iucceis' aeainff $ A ah,- ■■■ after narrow efeupes ; his difHcukies-tvith reipeebto Agra, and political conduit, 493, 494. Misfortunes cf, his brother. D-ara,. who is ungratefully betrayed-byn-robheiy ■ ■. taken, and put to-death by; him, 4..05, 496,--.ids pu-ts-Soiey-: man Shekewh and Mora a to. death, : and beenmes .AIe .pof--, feiibr of the Mogul empire, 4.96, 497. His.crafty beha viour towards his rather, 498. . bits extraordinary: charac ter,..-and re font me nt of the' cruel; and unde cent behaviour; of S h ah, - A bbas I I . 499,.. to o , g He engages the: European pirates to aiTiii him againif vthe K i ng ;of Rclean, and de Arts them, 502, His. bar b ar I fin and ini ids pus- r c on d u £t -towards. his ton Mawzni, 502, 503. Hh war with - JeSo-m' Sayn's. Vvddow: rebellion of his. two fens, and of... Akhar,.- which..he- fuppreiTes by .his craft- 506, Relation of the differences-c? : EaR India Company with, him, .507, 50B. Takes Bagna« ■ gar and Go 1 condo, and makes Abdullah priiGner- y-ij, : Hi Vdeath,. character,, willy&c. 5.13-—5^5^ - ■-.- A U S T R IA , don j oh n o fy, ibnof R his ip IV . of S p ai n by an ■ adtrefs, is appointed governor of the. Low -GountneS;, and completely defeated by Turenne and the Engl Eh auxili- ;:ariesM 269. ^ -Takes tke Seld againit tke Bortuguefe5 an d'■ conqUers - fame places, 270. Account of his adminiftraUon in Spain,, fUcCefs there, and defeat at length -by. general Schömberg and the Engliihy who there-: by Tec ore the crown of Pcrtugal to the houie of B fa ganz a, 2 .7 1. He is excluded bv the queen regent froin ail ¿hare ' in the ^government, after the death of his father Philip, 272. Is-made lieutenant governor öf Arragon, ibid. Commanded td deave the -court, 274. His adminiiträtion, and . tutelage ;-dbf^the'y6Un-g-:king,:ibid* His cifgrace and death, 275; ; AYULX KALIB ATA, iucceile'm of Hayihan, emperor of China, hiV wife and virtuous reign, and -calamities therein, vii. 3755 376- His death, 376.

. _ B. ■ .i>AAL,. the god of the Phoenicians, the great number of his priefis, i. 187. Barbarous methods or worthipping him, 1S8. The priefis, temple, and idols of that deity deitroyed by Jehu king o f lira el, 412. B A A L B E G (the ancient Heliopolis and’ Lihanum) b.efieged rand taken by the Arabs under the command of Abu Qhei- dah, vi. 107, 108- " B A A L Z E B U B , a god o f the PhilifKnes, the various names by which he was called, and the form under which he was-- worih'ipped, u 150. BA ASH A, having flam Jeroboam, the idolatrous king-of Ifrael, and deffroyed his whole race, pöiTeiTes himfeif of the king dom, i. 405. Leading a diiiblute and profane life, he and his pofferity are utterly cut off by Zimri, the commander of his chariots, who fucceeds him, 405. B A B E G , an Arab impoftor, and chief of b rebellion in the reigns of AI Manun and A 1 Matafem, takes the cities of Ä1 Jebal-and Hamadan, vi. 357. His further fuccefs in Perfian Irak, and takes Ifpahan, 360. H isft range religion and cruelty, ibid. His army being totally defeated by the cal iff, he Hies into Armenia, where he is craftily feized, confined, and put to a cruel death, and his female relations ravifhed by way of retaliation, by order of Sahel, the fort of Sanbar, 362. B A B E L , the building of it undertaken by the defendants of Noah, with their motives for it, i. 3 1. The work put an end to by the miraculous confufion of their language, ibid. Conjectures concerning the number of Noah’s pofterity at that period, 32. The prodigious (though tome of them abfurd -and incredible) dimenfions of it defended, ibid* The form ; of it, 33.: ■ Demo!iikedrbydXerxesyibid. ; Ydgueândhim-- : certain accounts--of modern travellers concerning it," ;-33,-3 4 .: B AK Y L G N , defcriptron of it, ii. 17 — 20. . Emfeelliihedvar.d > - enlarged by Necu chad nezzar, 36, B y whom :ilaid to be founded, its molt famous works, and an ample ■ deferiprion ■■■ o f it, 36, gy. Takeri: by the Medesand-Perfians'under ' Darius and Cyrus, 93. ■ T h e Babylonians revolting, it was : taken a fecond time by D arius by: ffratagem ; the cruel -policy or the inhabitants, and -no: ids cruel, device of Zo- pyrus, who betrayed the city, 14 1, 142. -> Surrendersto; A- lex'ander, who finds an immenfe booty therein, 190. Taken, with Seieuciatand'1 Ctefiphon, by Scverus the Roman em peror. iv. 519. , B A B Y LO N IA N S, their hiffory, iif i7 , & feq. Their an d -. quicy.government, laws, rigorous and arbitrary puniihments, and idolatrous religion, 20— 22. Their worihip of Yenus,h and . fiiaiT-.cfui proft.itutio.n to that goddeis, 24. 27. Their : - rnanner of treating their fick, , embalming, Sec. and their infamous character, 2” , 28.- Account of their learning, ar ts, languages, &c. 28— 30. Hiftory:of their kings and kingdoms, 30—-44. Revolt from Darius, obit in ate defence, ,andbarbarity,:i4i. SeeBABVLoN. BABYLGNISH-. captivity. Its ■; 2 c co mp 1 i£h ment by Nebuchad nezzar, i. 429. ii. 34. See J ew s. ' BA CC H iD ES, and Time the us, the Syrian generals, totally defeated by Judas, i. 456. invades Jucea, befieges Beth- ■ lagan ineffectually,1 and makes peace with Jonathan,- 4652 - B AC T R I AN A, or B A C T R IA , a - city . of. Peril a,ics .extent and ancient grandeur, ii. 97. B A G D A D , A ! Manihe s reaTons for building,, chat city, and conjectures concerning it, vi. 295, 296'r : An. account of its fituation, building, magnificence, ffrength and conveni ences, 29-7. T alien by BaiTafyri for;the E gyptian .. cal iff,: and retaken by Tagrol Beg, who is .made king of it, 15 1. ■ 271. ■ ■ B AGO AS, favourite eunuch-of Ochus : king of Perfia, pol io n.s him, and treats his body with great indignity, ii. 1S0 ! Places Darius Cpdomannus on the throne,: who caufes him .to die by the poifon he had prepared for his i’ovcreign, ibid. ■ B A JA Z E T , emperor of the Qttoman Turks, treacherouily kills hi s fath er tire fuI tan Am.urath■ and fucceeds hi m, tv 207. His conquefrs in Europe, and liege of Ccnftantinople by him, 208. Character of him, vir.7430. - Risfhaughty anfwer to Tamer 1 ane, who invades his dominions, 430, 432,. Is totally defeated and takcn prifoner by Tamerlane, I- K 5 - E Í . ^ ■ ■ ¿ 2 $ :' His death, end coinparimn betweekBirn and Tamer»-: fane. 44.1. See dib yiii. on-My. _ B A JA Z E T II. ion and fucaAipr of Mohammed the feccnd$-;'. «^peror of the T m k s,yiíi. x 12. Account of the rebellion .o f. his- brother Je m againfc .him, who is deSeated,; 1 1114, ' E h conc.;s.ciA ;.nci exploits, 1:5 - -iiy- Reeeilion of his ion : Selim: suLniv mm, who-;:, he. defeats,.. bu- is at length forced to religa-, the throne to him,■' ii0 , 1,2a..■■' Death :and char.ader, 120,. ■■ - BALAAM , a- Moabkiih prophet,■ hired by 3 aLk to cune the ■ ILaeiites 7 land' cauies. them to be &du€ed,lrd.'D Miamnithh w croon. h 350-. . is- aftértyaidsMaiadbtretueîlD ' rael-itesy 351. See baLa-K. ■ ■ B A L A. A, ■ hiog of Mo-ab, his terror at the approach, of the dilraelites, r.n-i vain attempt to proc are a nial-ediei i on agai n it ' them,- i.. í 18. Reía non of what p a fled ;:bet we en hr m and:-' the ■ propiUi on. that ocean on. and the- c?ppoiiticn Balaam met. with .from God .in his impious tiná ertaking, in a, B A E B E C ,. formerly Heliopolis;, .in Syria, Mill reckoned a . noble veítige of. the n n cient magnihcence of that country, L 26-3. An ample and .minute daleription. of its ruins : and ■ find to have'beep, in i 76gV in tir e 1 y demoiiíLed T y- a nearth- '-.'cuake,..; 64,' Sz icq; ' r-M-M' -BA LB a ih t; S and P i: píen us decir, re d :■■■ emperors' of R-orne,.: ■ -i v. .537. Them.exccdi-ent.government,.Ago.■ Arc mu tuned by the Praetorian guard's, ibid. B A L D Vv 1N , e m p.er or 0 f Con (ran t i n opl e, rent: c es th e create:!: part of Thrace, v. 19 2- Beiieges .Adrianopie, and is taken prisoner by the king of Bulgaria,-. and puP io a ciuel death by Am, ibid. B a Lp S 1 A ahúmes the-tide of emperor c; the Romans, reigns three, years, and is -knied by a vouunon ib’.dicr, :•/. rtg. B a L E , city or, near-Samarkand, taken, plundered, and dif- nran.tints by j saghiz Lnan, vtu 304.... Its mag n i E een t'buii d- inys, Ac.' ibid. BA N N iPL, tne Swediih general, enters-into a Caret nkgoeia- tion^vith^tbe emperor ITniinand, in. 174... L AinM by ;int: titru'í!, and 1ne o-uxes 01 ,Bru.nity-ck -an-d ■ Lunenb0erg, imd,. . Reduced to great itraits by the i-rnperia-Lifts-, ■ from- whom he nukes an excellent retreat, ¿75,. 176.. ; Account oi his gallant behaviour, xm 514. Death, try. b; ix. t ;■ 6. " BAR 3 AR 0 SSA,_ admiral of Solevaran, his extraLion, miG a n u .n ¡ io ¡p-, y u:. i 3 q , & icq. 1 axes a a d p ]■ u-a cert fee c r a 1 towns m itaiy and Naples, and enters and fortifies Bagdad, 5 3^ - ' r N b È X, \ 139s ' Ï40. -Charles ' the emperor.' .takes -TRins ■ from ■ fifth, V and maft or bis feet, ■ .iô.;:-:;-His,SLTaccefso'againftitKe::^ ie^x^-. ■ v net! ans under'D oria, 14 1. PI unders ; : Reggio, arid makes ■ ;: " ihcuxfions cn"the Roman terri tories,- 14.3. Is obliged to -;raife the -iiege n f the critic of Nice, after plundering ; and- letting 'fire to the eity,; 144. His death, -arid favourable character, ibid. ' BA R D A NE 3 ,;ib n 2 r. diu e c eiio r o f Ar t ab an u s ki n g o f Pafthiaj his ' warwith G oz art es 'his brother, - whom - he defeats, ii* 2x0,2-11:. Murdered by his fubjedh,A ir.. - - ■ BA R D A S, created Cæfar by the emperor Michael, his arfii- :-tary:behaxfiour4y,'i46/ . Is murdered by his orders 147: B A R M AC , ; mimfer.oi'Harun. Al/'Raihid, particulars relat ing to his family,- and account-of that: prince’s motives*'■■■for. A deftroying. it, vi. 33c. ■ Relation of h i s.d e ft rudHo no ft h em, : '■.'.\àn.d-defieâion'S.m.pon:fi.ti-*-;and^.its:-.-motîves,:;'.&c.:- 330,' 33Î- B ASIE:, council of, its: proceedings towards a reforrpatlonop- ■ ' pofcd by pope Eugene, x. 177. Rendered Ineffectual by the crafty conduct of the pope, and theit iovvn difieiifions:, 178—* 180. B A SIL IC S, collègue of Michael the Roman-emperor, mur ders his partner, y. 147. His exploits againft. the Mani- chees, whom he defeats^ ibid. Subdues and:humbles the. Saracens,r4Sh'-Deteclton-ofacohrpiracyagainfth.irn'bya- monk ; his death, arid exeei]ent maxims; for government, ... -Accibidy . ' f — -■ -à. emperor^ his exploits agaïnft the Buigarian$s whomhe defeats, v. 435. Hl$ inhumanity to his prisoners, ibid. Again invades and in tire! y conquers Bulgaria, 436, 437. ---- —------— fuccelTor,of Balilowits the Great, in the empire of Ruina, invades the Grim Tartars, who defeat him, xii. 5 7 r. Strange behavio u r toward s ■ his wife, and - account : of ■ ' a exarifh marriage ; his death, &c. ibid. BAS [LO W IT Z- II, fucceeds Bafii iris, ; emperor of Ruifia, re* duces Pjfan, and takes the Tartar king and queen pri* ■ loners, xii. 572. His wars with the Muicovitcs and Poles, - Ac. ibid.v" Account of His .government, refignationy and re- fumption. of the crown-; négociations with queen. Elizabeth * and favour to theEnglifla, 573. .Totaliy defeats the Turks .and T ar tars, and makes war wi th ■■ the Li von ians, Danesr and; Poles,. the latter of whom defeat him, 573—576. . His \ diftrefs, peàce with the Poles, and murder-of his: fori,-:576^ 577.' Death and character, 577. BA'rHSHEBAjfwhfe ofU m h, aceount. of Davids.urJawfutx' uafiion for and adultery with her, i. 3S8. - David caufeshep ' A D - hufBânct ï N D ; E'- XX-:. huihand Uriah to be murdered, ~ to conceal.. his cnmisai 'commerce with her, 389. Sequel of that tranfaSiou-ànd its • dreadful effecbs, ■ ibid. & feq. She obtains from ..David' on his death-bed the -appointment/ of her fon Solomon for his fucceffor, 39 :. See D avid . BA V A R IA , inh&bitants of5 barbarity of the Auflrians towards them, ix. 214. înfurre&ion there, and rigorous -punifhment of ihe malecontents, ibid. BEDGAE, ;a warlike nation of the ancient Germans, join in a confederacy againrf Css far, and are - defeated by him,, v. 307. 326. Submit to the Romans, 308. ; - Their, inya- : f:on of Gaul, and 'wars-with the Germans, 323. , B E LG R A D E , beheged and taken from the Turks by the Germans, vilu 265, 266. Retaken by the "Turks, 276, Siege of it raifed by the Turks, 294. BELISAR 1US, general of the .-emperor Juilinian, his ex ploits .againit: the Peri!ans, v.. 113 . Conquers . Africa, Si cily, and part of Italy,. 114 ;.. Ravages ~Afly riaî-cpeis an; invafion of the Periians, and defeats them, 115 . Oppofes • an irruption cf the Hun ns with fuccefs, .1 i 6. H: s ■ difgrace, poverty, and death, ibid. His exploits and fucceües in Italy, . and againil the Goths, Ac. 445—4.58.. - BELLEISDE, count, his plan ; and activity, xii. 77. Gp- pofed by cardinal Fleury, 2nd fruftrated, 78. Blocked up in Prague fey . the ' Auftrian ■ general Lobkowitz, whom he outwits, and efcapes from the city, 73. . BELU S, a Babylonian deity, account of its temple; and worihip, Ac. ii. 23, 24. B EN ED IC T X II. pope or biihop of Rome, his government, négociations, Ac. in his pontificate, and power in Italy, x. 138. His death, 139. ———— XIII. antipope, Succeeds Clement in the pont in- : cate, x. ï6o. împrifcned at Avignon: by the' French, 1.6 tv Tranfactions between him and his competitors, 165, & fecn ï s de pofed bv the co u n cil o f: Con dance, 17 1. B E N E T E N T O and Neapolitan hates, hiitory of them, x. 20. SEN-HAD AD, ki n g of Sy na, makes vvar upon Ahab kijeg- of l.fraeJ, and . is iharncfuiiy defeated ,by him,. i. . 176. -The . Iff aeures obtain a fécond victory over y himwi t bpr od igi 0 u s daughter ; his abject fubmiihbn to Ahah,/who Imprudently; fets him at liberty, 177. . Attempting to SeizecEliihap his men are Struck with biindnefs,. and led to Samaria, 178-. He i'nveits that city; but, being Struck with a panic by providence, retreats with precipitation, 178.- Murdered by- Hazacl, *-79. T N D E X. - ■ '■ . B E N JA M IN ,, whole brother of Jofeph, cities allotted to his ' poftcricy; i. 229. ■ - ; BEN T IV G G LT Q . family of,, at Bologna, hiiforyof ityx* ■ i. 97> f 9?. ^ ' '■ • . - BEREN G A Ri, and Guido, account of the conteib between ■ them-for the crown of Italy,' x .a r . - His‘various fortune ■ - a gai nE G uid o - and his party, 2.1, 22. The emperor Arnolph caufes his.eyes to be put cur, and: is afterwards forced by him-, to repafs the A lp s,'23.;' His traniadrions-im Italy, 24.' fs: treacheroaily-abandened by Lewis: king' of-Arles, and aEaiSnated by .theVeronefe, 25, 26.“ ■ ' '■ BER G .EN -O P-ZO O M heEeged and taken by the French, commanded by'Lowendabl, ku.. 86.' " J ' B E RE IN , itscap t ur e. b y .the Imperialifb and RuiSan$,: and plunder of it, &c, faced by the foreign mihiitersy ix. 276,, 277. Favourable capitulation * ex cedes and barbarous be- ; haviour of the-vidtors* 277. BESSUSj his- treachercus behavlotin i o "Darius, whois mor tally. wounded by him, and- his :party, ii. 102, 193. '-Put . to a cruel death foy Alexander, 194. Sec AnEXAXr>£5. the . Great. . ■; - " ' - ' ■"=' B ETH SEiEM ES H, people; of, pi; nulled with death for im- ; prudently 'prying into the ark^ 1: .374. ----- ; ; ' - - B IR T H R IG H T , privil eges of, among the Jews, fuppofed to have been very coniiderabie, fome account of themVa'.-' iyOj note.; Primogeniture defeended to' pofterityj ibid. In what the prerogative1 Of it is fa id to coniift, 317-; note. : B IS HOP b, warlike, the beginning of the twelfth century fa mous for: them,: par tictilar]y i n Spain $ -xii. r 77. ;. ; ■ BC E Q T IA , and _T-hebes, bid0ry of the anc 1 ent kingdoms -cf,. ii. 258— 262. :;'- ’BC E T IG A , province, of, its;.limits,cities^ rivers, plentiful produce, inhabitants, See. v. 268. ; BOBTiTES: the philbibpher, and Symmachus his father-in- law, unjuftly put to death by Theodoric, who being feized with remoffe and horror at the a£ty in a few days after died of griefs V. 441, 442. - BQ H EM IA , jobn . king. of,- cbnfederacy .excited::hy: Lewis. againft him a nd th a t country, ix. 27. He d efoats ■ his ene mies therey/a^ bis-ion is vidxorious over them in Italy, ibid. Is twice defeated in Italy, eS. His will, and difpoiition of his dominions, 30. B G M IL G A R , his attempt to obtain the fovereignty of Gar-- . triage by violence, ¡Ii. 270. • Gauung hi.mfelf be pro claimed-king," the inhabitants, Incehfed atihis cruelty, drive ’ D 2 . him liim from itie..city-, 17 1. Takeniand put ;to; a/xmel-oeatb, '

BONIFACE VIII. fucceiibr of Celeftine I V , reveries the aSs of his two predeceiTors, x. 11&. His exceflive iniolencekmd ambition, and inftitution o? tbe jubilee, 1180 120». Oppofed by Philip of France, taken prlfoner j .and dies with vexation, 122- • BONIFACIUS, commander in; chief o f the emperor :Hono- rius's army in -Africa, treacherous practices of iEtius againfi him, v. 00. Is induced by his ciafiy artifices to revolt from the emprefs Placidia, whofe :army he defeats, 9i. His in nocence cleared to Placidia, who reftbres him : to favour, lb id. Is r ai fed to the chief command in the room of iEtius, with whom engaging in battle, he is mortally; wounded, 92. BO RGIA, Caefar, great favours; befiowed on him by Lewis king of France, x. 223. Some account of his infamous character. Ibid. Takes feveral::places in Italy, and Is made duke of Romagna by the Pope, ibid. Makes himfelf ma iler of the duchy of Urbino, and his cruelty-and rapacity after that event, 225. Account of his poifoning pope Alex ander his father, ibid. Beclenfion of his power, his difgrace, and death, 225 . ' BORIS, brother-in-law of Theodore czar of Raffia, in - fiances of his ambition and cruelty, 578. Obtains the fovereignty, ibid. Demetrius, fuppofed to be the for. of Bafi- Iowitz II. advances againfi and defeats him, 579, H-i$ death, and is fuccecdea by Demetrius, ibid. BO ST R A , a city in Syria Damafcena, befieged by the Arabs under Kaied their commander in chief, vi. 88. Cowardice of its governor Romanus, and brave refifiance of the in* habitants, ibid. Betrayed to the Arabs by Romanus, with great daughter of the inhabitants, 8a, 90. EOT. OH IA T E S , emperor of Conftantlnople, crufnes Bryen- nius his opponent in the empire, v. 175. ..And Bafilacius who revolts from him, ibid. Intrigues of the emprefs againfi h:m, who, with the Comneni, depofe him, and chufe Ale xius emperor, 176. Ends his days in. a monaftery, ibid. BOUlivL.ON, duke of, bis ineffectual intrigues relative to a - match propofed bv the queen-regent of France between her daughter and prince Henry, ion of king James of England, xl. 4,41. B O F R b O N , houfe of, oppofition to and rigorous proceedings of Pope Sixtus V. .againfi it, xi. 383. ° BtxACH iO, general or the Florentines, companion between him and Srcrza, x, 169. K x brave ex 0 loirs in Italy, 170. BRAN- r ir d :;E' x. BR AN D EN B U R G ,.: elector :of, made; king' of - Pruffia,:and', ,.obtainsdtHer;acquiiitions,ix.:20a.- BREDA,hefieged by, the Spaniards -under Spinola,'- ix, 359» . Its ^brave^'defence and'- furrender, 360. Retaken by the prince of Orange,; 37 2* : ■■■■■.-.. ' - - BR EN N U Sy marches againfi Rome, and defeats theRomans, who::abandon the ctty, iv. 137. ' Enters arid burns it,, 13 S. His army defeated by Camilla sy.who bravely defends the capítol, from whence -the:Gauls rare repulied, 139. ■ Sur- ' p pi fe d byOamlli us ,a n d b isar myeu tto; p i e ces, 14V. B R E T AG N E ^ erected inioa kingdom b y N 0 men on, . duke o f it,;.x, 405-. .; ASairs of; it,v40j, 410.,:; Cenfequences of the difpute! concerning the íucceíKon of it, x i: 66. Invaded by Edward, of'-England, and account o f the: war there, 67, & feq>.,' Affairs there, and ceibón of it to the Mon t for £ family,■ 108, xo9 : D eathof the duke of it, and .perplexities of his.- heirefs,. 253,: & feq. - B R IG :A N T ÉS, in Britain, revolt,. and are. red needy b y: the Roman govemor Lóliius Urbicus,: iv.• 4S5. B Rf TA lN , i n vad ed an dr edu ce d by Caefar, who meets1 with great ■ oppoEtlch''and : lofs in:Eis :two : expeditions there,: iv.;242:, 243. Revolts,and fubmits to Auguftus, gcS. Caligula’s ridi culous expedition againit it, 36S* Claudius paites oyer thither, and reduces feveral places, 373. ,'f ; .. B R U T U S, thy! Roman confuí, affecting ilorv of his feverc lent e nc e agq in if his ions, iby/condemning, andyauiing them to be put to death, in the infancy of the republic, iv. 69. ------one of the confpirators,againft Cat far, induced by Caffius to join in the plot, iv. 272, 273. Reveals the confpiracy to his wife Porcia, who makes a fevere trial of her confirancy previous thereto, 274. Story of the fpectre which appeared to him, 284. Appears to him a fecond tirne-f foon after which he is defeated, and Hies, 286. His death, 287. B U LG A R IA , ravaged and afterwards1 fubdued by the Ruffians, iv. 435. Xwice invaded by the emperor Buiilius, who de feats the Bulgarians and conquers their country, 435, 436. Reduced to a Turkiih protdnce by Bajaset, 437-: . B U L G A R IA N S, their origin, ancient reiider.ee, ¿ec. v. 428. Break into Thrace, where they are defeated by Xheodoric, and defeat the Romans, ibid. They are routed by a Hunn, and their kings flam, 429. Ravage the Roman territories, ; defeat their armies, and oblige Confian tine to pay them an annual pen Eon, ibid. The emperor Con flan tine twice defeated by them, and outwitted-by their king EJerich, and are them- |elyes defeated in Thrace, 430, 431, Defeat and kill the D 3 - emperpp I N B E, x •etnpérór Niccphcrusy "gain a .■••victory; over thè etapf'ror Mi-? chaei, and ravage, tbs territories .of the empire., 431;. Are total iv .defeated by L eo; - overeo me thè Romans in' two battles,. arid cruelly treat t herr cs ptives, 43s* .¿33\ Be% | e Cogitanti- ; riople, andhmake peace with.the Romans, '433C---.RaykgS- the Rom&lphdvfncesy;:but :SFe--at length:tntirelylxeducem .by,/ the emperor Bafiiius, 434—43O B U R G U N D Y , duke of, the fuppefed author of the murder of the duke of Orleans, j felfees, it, and is pardoned, si. 154. Hus great ' power and haughtmefs, ano confe deracy againft him by the dukes of Berry,: Orleans, and " ‘Bourhcny &c. 155. Puts -the lord cf Montague to death, ■ .25,6.1 -'Is appointedguardiana to the dauphin, ipyr .The . confederates take., the held againft him,, but agree' tola; fhort accommodation, which is broken off, - X57, 158. .- 'Miferies or the Farihans from his; party,-159.--' His great- danger ' from -his.army.revolting,., but is laved by the.: Eng-life, - ibid. : Infoi enee of his party, who are. driven' out of Paris, - and he hies to Flandera, 16 3.: He marches: ; againft: París, but .da ... .. forced to retreat, ibid.; The kingimarches againid hirn, arid*' ; he fubmi is to: ; accept of peace on the terms píte red ' b y .his .1 fovereigh, 164, 165. Makes peace with the dauphin, who ■ afterwards murders him, T73, 175. *-----_ ™ duke ; of, fliled Philip the Good, refolvesf tQ• revenge his father ■$ 'death on the dauphin, x i. 175. De- ; ' manda jdftice on the murderers, cafees them to -be attainted, - and the dauphin to be outlawed, ryS. Befieges Compeignc, and takes Joan D’Arc prifonef,-197. ■ Concludes a treaty •with the French; king Charles, 201. Beheges Calais ineffec- . tu ally, 203. jours the duke of Brecagr.e in a confederacy againft Lewis, -228. His remarkable letter to theFrenck kmg, 232. War between him and Lewis,- 233; & feq. Is killed by the Swift, and his dominions^ annexed to the crown; or' France, 240. B Y N G ,: Sir George, takes aftd deftrcyslthe Spanife. Seet near ■ Cape Pa faro, xii. 206. BYZAN 1 I CM , aftrong.and opulent city pf Xhraccy lakel and deftroyed by Severas, iv. 5:6.

'.V* -/v’.TSAR, JU LIU S, confirms Byream; s in thepriefthood as a reward for his Services, refieres thejews to their ancient Tights and privileges, and ratif.es h:s io:mer decree in their favour, i, 483. Obtains che prtetonhip and high-priefthood, ìv. 233v bh£ conquefts and íucceftes. ini Spairijf^i.- “ His 5 copie-- INDE X , ■ confed eracy with : Pompey - an d : CraiTus, forming. - the - £rft great triumvirate, 2.35- Eledtedconful, and inffauates him- ! felf mto the aitefilons ■ of: the :people,;‘.b.ut ■ òppofed by the - ìènaie, 230, ■2 3 7 -His : : espi oits- an d fucceftès again ft the Gauls, Helvetians, :GerrnaD$v, and :Selg3e, &c. 239,. .2405 ' 241. v. 32$— 327. ; Jealouiles between him and Pompey, '' and their confequences, tv. 2:8 , & feq. ■/ His exploits • and pailes the Alps and Kubicony &c, '250,.252, Sr feq. W ar between him and Pompey, 2 5. <5-—-7.6.2- His 2tchievemenr$ and:, iaccefs in ••ibe-;Xl«^àh^iani;'war? .and honours neaped . on him by the Penate and people, 261, & feq. His great munificence/to the army and people j reformation of thega - yeynment and ihe,;ealendar,. .268,:; 269.. ■ Reduces fSpaih; -triumphs at Róme ever the ceitruclion. of the common- . wealth and /Pompey, which difguft sth epeopie, 270. En deavours to ingratiate himfelf with the people, but offends them by his; ;haughtinefs,T7R 272. .. Rife and progrefs of . the ccnip:racy againft him, 272—275. His deanh, will, and excefilve? mourning at 'thèi buraing of his. body, ; 275.■ u n 278. ■ r u; C A IN , the eldefr fon of Adam, his birth, and account of his offering, which was. rejecte d, L 8, 9. Murders his brother Abel, for which God -in fticls- a punifhmenton him, 9. Set tles in the land or Nod, where he builds,a , clty: called :£-. noch, io* Con]eftures;:con.cerning its.ilt.uation,,ibid...: His ihcreafe in- wickecnefs, and an account of his family- and cefcencants, 10, ri. C ; AIR G befie g ed and taken by "Selim- from the Mamlucks, after a bloody and obftmate difpute. vili. 129. CAIUS, the Roman emperor, orders his lfatuc to be let up in the temple at Jeruialem, but is diverted from his pur-- pofe by Agrippa, i. 535- Renews his Qefiga, whìch.isvpre- vented by his death, ibid. -CALAIS, ffegc o f by Edward of England, xi. 77—S r .: C aLATRAV A, .order of the knights of, in Spain, its origi nal, xii, 170. G AEI-FAT, its difmembertnent and partitions in -the various -territories that compofed it, by rebels and ufuxpers, vi». 448. C A L IG U L A , CAIU S, honours beftowed on him by thè; ena- - peror Tiberius, iv. 354. Is declared emperor; and fucceeds Tiberius, 358. Gains the affeelions of the people by wdrthy actions at the beginning of his reign, 359. In fences of his degeneracy and fexceffive cruelty, 359, 360. His great; impiety, 362/ Prodigality and vanity, 363. Shocking ac- - ■* - - D u ' counts X N B E Xi;- connts p£‘fcis■ rap'acioufnefs, Iewdnefs,. treacherous and waxH ' tori "cruelty,-.'and 'ihDclcingrikyiiigs, 364— 366. ..His mock expedition againil the Germans and -Britain, 366— 368, ..'.Murders the fenators, 369, v Confpiracy formed againft hirit : by .CafEus Chsefea 5 puniihment and conftancy of Quintilia on, that account, 369.:- Ahaiiinated by Chrerea and other confpirators, 370. His- detectable character by Seneca, ibid.-;.. C A L I PLUS, an Athenian, confplies againft Dion the Syra- cufan, .aha'murders'him, nL 76, 77. Makes hirnfeh maf ter of Svracufe, and exercifes -great, cruelties . there, -: 77» . Berng univerially deteiled, he flies totRnegium,,where, he i>-flair., ibid. / : -. -- CADIXTUS ir. pope, vigorouily oppofes the progrefs_ of : the Turks, and defeats the Itahan malconterxts under Pici- nmo, x. 205. . Creates his nephew Borgia dake o f:Spoleta, :and allotting to him half of the kingdom of Naples,Ferdi- . . nan 3. p repares to nr arch, an .army agai art him, b.u t Is p;r e vented by his death, 206. CAM BR A Y, hithory of the .league of, and its progrefs and conhquences, ix. 86, & feqv x. -227s & Rq- C A 'viBySES, fon and fucceiibr of Cyras./ conquers Egyp R 135. See E g ypt . . .His defperate expedition againil; . the Ethio plans, ln which his army fullered extremely.by famine, and .is for: the mold part overwhelmed in the fands, 136. Pillages and burnsy.the .XHeban temples,-and-kills/ : the Egyptian god. Apis at Memphis, 136, 137. . In (lances o f his cruel, furious, and brutal condufBj;/i 37:. :; DieSvat Ec- batan, according to the prediction of the Oracle, 138, -.:n CAM EL, fon - and fucceifor of Adel, iuhan:. of . Egypt, h’s great abilities, &c. vih 216. Retires to Cairo from Damiata,/ being terrified at the aftqniihing bravery- of the crufaders,! 2x8. Account of his behaviour to faint Erancis de Aihfe the Chriihan enfhufiaiE and: his favour to the Chriilians, 22c, 22 r. Plis moderation and humanity to the CfrrifHans, whofearmy he faveSj/229—231. 4 C A M ILLES Siriboniarjus, governor o f Dalmatia.-confpires againE Claudius, b u: being.afterwards defected by the: fo;- diers, Hies to Iffa, where he is killed by a foidier, iv. 37:4. CANAAN, the fon of Ham, hifto'v of the country called by his name, and of his defeendants, i . : 138, I39. / Cut- toms, relig!on, government, law-s./■ &c. of his po fieri.ty in ancient times, and their wars with the:.jfews, ? 39, & feq. Their country conquered in fix years by/Jofiiua, 359. New war between them and the Ifraelites, / wherein the latter are' victorious, and take federal places From , them^ 361. / ...... \ C A N A D A . I i f -D E' .X'"- C A N A D A , account o f. its total red acHon b y ' the ■ EngKCbjA • . xir. 213, X14. Ceded to them by the peace of Eontain- bleau, 130- C A N D A C E, queen of Ethiopia, her fuccefs-in Egypt aeainit. . the Romans, v. 261. Is- attacked and defeated by them, 262. ^ Obrains .anfhbnoarabie peace From Augüilus,: ihid." - C A N Ü IA , fiege of, by the Turks commanded bv Ki opriuli, t vil Í. 222— 2 26. Continu ed .with igr eatfibft inacy and flaugfi- ,ter of th eT u rks. by the Venetlans, 224.f it agrees - to a Capital at ion, andat; length is obliged-to; fa rrenderhya Era- - tagem of the-admirting into por Ttwo Turkifii -fleets under French colourSj- 220- .... v :; "CAN D ÍAN , war between the Venetians and fTurks,.com- ... . mencement of i t, viii. ,209.., Progrefsof it to: the -di fad van- tage of the Turks, A 12. - Eiopriult - takes upon: him the execution, of ^'.it.,;: and demands -the furrender of the scity; to ■ the Venetian rninifter, .without eiTecl, 220. Progress and ifihe of it, to the idrrender o f. Candía, 222— 226- See C a n d ía...... ; CANNdE, b a t tl eo f, a n d to tal de feat and {laughter of the , Romans by Hannibars army, and its con feq lienees, IÜ. 210, : ¿C feq. C A N TA C U ZE N U S, perfuades the emperor Andronicus* to make a difhónpurable peacé udthAhe'.F.urks, v. 205. Is ap pointed guardian to Jo an the young prince; oppofed; and perfecated bv the patriarch of Conítantífiople, whoiniH- gates the :emprefs to declare :him a- public enemy, ibid. Gaufes himfelf to- be proclaimed emperor, Íbid. v EfFe¿fs of the patriarch’s inveterate hatred to him, 2C5, 205 . R e duces “Thrace, and is received into and crowned emperor at Confiantinople, and reigns during ten: years -with modera tion and equity, 200. ; Defeats the young emperor Pabeo- iogus, makes peace with hirn^pefigns the, empire^ and takes . the monaftic. habit, 2 0 7 .... C A N U T E , the Great, , king, of Denmark, invades: and con quers England, x ii. 3 7 5, 3 76.; His gfeatnéfs,' and ex ten-; Eve dominions, 376. . Addicted:todrunkenneA; is tried by his: own order for murder nine times committed therein,, and 'fined accordingly, ibid. C A N U T E SQ N , .: or-GNUTS'QN, ..regent of the kingdom of Sweden,iin the reign;. of Birger, is oppofed by 'the king’s brothers, :who: Ihake oft his guardianihip, and, intrigue with Eric king pf: Denmark,: xii. 457. An accommodation taking place between Birger and his opponent, he is pub- lickly executed..at Stockholm-, 45S. : I N B E X. .. C A PIT OLIN E games, their Inftituticn. in: the 'reign.; o f Tjg - rnkiac, an account of- them, iv. 450. :@ APU:A>. b.eilegea by the -Romans,, who defeat-itherGariLagL nians and Cap-nans in a daily, iu. -2.2O. Taken-by Eulvlus, v/ho puts1 the garnfon to the fword, ibid. Superiority over the Car thaginiaos, and cecknuon c f their affairs siter- w^rds, 220, & ieq. ' GAP UAH S Turrender their city to Hannibal,;:and make; an. k alliance-with him, iii. 2 ex. - CARACAL LA, with his -brother Geta, fucceed-their father ' : Sever us in the Roman empire, iv. 5 21. He intrigues,againft Geta, at length murders him, .and As chofen foie emperor, ’ 5 2 1, 522- Deihes Geta, and exercifcs his cruel tyo n P ap i- ruan, and . many illuifrious: perfons at Rome, 522, 5 23. Marches againft the- Catti and Alemanm, : v/hof oblige : hirn to purchate a peace, . 523. .Treacherouily . imprifons -the: kings of O'rhone and Armenia, and is totally defeated by the :fubje£H of ihe latter. 524.. His inhuman maliacre of : . the Alex .ndrians, a nd. bare he ry - cf / the. Parth iansy '5245 525. Is murdered, bv Marrialis a confpirator,: 525. CAIvIEBLES, Free .1, expedition., againft, and conqueh oL by the Engliih, >:ii. 307, 10S. ' C A R L O S, -Don, ion ofPhilip k f ng 0 f Spain, conj eexures con - : cerning the motives for his father’s feverity towards him 9 and his r u in -imputed'to'the uuke of Al.vn,. x i i 243. 'Various accounts of his death, which is aferibe'd.-to,-Philip, 246. C A R P I,: a Sarmatian nation, demand an annual pcnfion from the Romans, which is rejeded with contempt, v. 423. Their inroads into the empire, and- vanous defeats,-ibid. Coriftantine gains fevcral vidories over-them, 424. '."Expel led by their flaves, and redored by Gonftantius, ibid. - R a vage Panucnia, ¿cc. and are routed and fubdued by Theo- eoiius, 4.25. Submit to the emperor Mercian 9 and the; re mains of them the progenitors.of the Poles and Tartars, ibid. C A R T H A G E , when founded, itr. 118, 119. Defcription of it, its cities, inhabitants, prefent remains, and territories', I2C-—I22. Its government, niaglirraies, ienateyCpowfen o f the people,: and civil ofr.cers. Ac. 127, A icq. Beiieged by the Greek mercenaries, who 2 re i n c i r e I y..: ov e rth r own :by- E arn dear, 194, 19.5. Hannibal reforms feverai abides, but Is obliged to' 1 eav e the city' throe gm "the' intrigues 1- and in -' fin nations of the R 0 man com m i ilari £5 ,2 3 3 . 1 n v e iled b y the Romans, who are rep u 1 is d by th e C art ha ginians, 240,, 24 1. Taken by Lrornt, plundered,: rnd;: aftcrwards rebuilt 1 ■ N CD E' ,-x; by. th£:;Romans, 243T iv^ 206.' - Account:of it in afe*-

G À R T ì ìAG rKlA^-S,.vinvadcJ:> Sicily, with., a. riurhefous'array ■ ' commanded: by'Hamiiciryd are defeated by Gèlònwith ' "/■ great-ila tighter, dii. .35, ¿ 6. Sue for and obtain àipeace ■■"' from the Syrachfans,." 37. ' New war between them and the Syracufans; :4$,/&Teq.: Their fucceÌTes i&der Hannibal, who takes Sèlìnùs and Hixiiera, ; 49. They futlaih great Ioffes at the Ììege: of- Agrigentuny in Sicily, .and, are defeated by the-Syracufa-ns, 50, 5 1. They take and plunder Àgrigen- ium, and trèat theinhabitants with great inhumanity, yx, T ak e - G eia, and" put to death ; the:inhabitants Found in it, 5 4 .' ‘M ake: peace:: w ith , DionyGus, 55. .' ' W ar .declared. , .again# them. by him,, who.... beiieges and takes ; : Mo tyà in. Sicily by ftorm, 58. ' Their ; : army defeated by Biònyiì us, in Sicily, - and Mayo its general killed, ... 66. ; Timoleon ' makes, war on them in Sicily^ ‘defeats them with great ' daughter, and obtains - coniiderabie booty, Sr. ■ Xheyvbe- : ftege Syiacule ineSetìrùai ly, 8 4 ,-8 6. - Advantages - gained over-'them -by Agathocles; 485,: 8 6 . Are defeated by the vSy r acufans j ■ and : their 'general ' Indicar -killed , 8 7. ; Alliance entered in to between them :: and Hieronyrnusikìng o f Syra- c ate, 10 0 . ; Their : de feebt, gbvernrn en t, laws, religion, 1 angli age, cu#oms, arts, learning, and trade, &c. 12 7—142. Their hi#0ry,:from the foundation ;'of Garthage to its total deilruciion. by- the; Romans, 14 2 —243. . Their; wars in Sicily and A fri ca a gain#:theS y rac uTan s, - &c. and recovery . . of their poifeilions there ; and take ’Meilàna, 149—.176. Their war with the Rpmans-':ahd.^;reeks,-:fr77V;'&':ieq, . Their P.eets defeated by the Romans, 180, 182. A body ; pf 'Grqek mercenaries under Xantippùs arrive in Carthage, and defeat ili è ' Reman array with great {laughter, and take Regulus their general prifoner, -184. Quarrel between them 'and the "mercenaries, 190, S: feq. B efiege and "take S agua- turn,, 200, 2.01. Commencemeat:'of-their war.in;.Italy-unir der Hannibal, 202. SuceeiTes 'of t’he Romans again# them, 224, & feq. The Romans declare war again# them, defeat their army, take Carth age, and reduce them inti rely to their ddminion/agp—-24?. CASI MIR, John, : fucceeds Uladiilau s i n the ■ Fo ve reignty of Poland, id i/;6a3. Makes "war with and defeats the Co{ìacks5 ; ’6'2'4. Reilgns the c rowr,6 2 5 . r CA SSA N D ER, has Càrìa- ai lotted to him after, the death of Alexander the Great, and is made geheràlof the horfe, iji. 322. Caufes Roxana and her fo.n Alexander to be put ' to I N_ D.' ■ to death, 32.0.343- Is obliged by Demetrius to rai-fe' the'. fiege of Attica, and is defeated by him, 331. Takes pydna,. and puts .Olympias to death, 341. . Ailumes the go vernment of Edacedori,; and builds, Cadñndriaj- &c.' 34^* Defeats the iEtolians, ' and makes war .with ■ Antigonus, 243. '.His-death, 345. CASSIUS, one of rheconípirators agalnft Oslar, makes him-.' felf mafter of Syria, and lays heavy taxes on the Syrians arid Jews, i. 485. Is totally defeated, v/ith Brutus, by Oc-- tavi u s and Marc A ntony,: 48 6,: iv. 28 5, 28 6.. . : - v C A S T IL E , affairs and revolutions of, xii. 153, 154- HilT tory of, and cf León, 160, & ieq. r - Rebellion there, in the reign of don Juan, 210, &Teq. -United to Arragon, 2 16 v 222. CATALANS',--.one-/of the Spanifh. Rates, being, exafperated, againir the Conde duke Olivarez, revolt, and are feverely treated by him, xii. 262. Connect tbemfelves with the French, 263- Their did reifes, and danger of being facri- £ced by Martin the French ge neral, a 67. Their ob it mate ref:(tan cc and defence1 ;againft Philip y are : deferred-by- the Torymimftry in .Queen Anne’s reign,;and but faintly fup- ■■■pbxted'-:by.,thht;.pri-ncefs,f293'.-''. Form themfeives into a de párate government ¿ but being abandoned by the Britiih miniRer, are reduced by the french and Spaniards, and cruelly treated by the latter, contrary to the terms; of the capitulation, 294* . . . . . : 'CATH ARIN E, empreis:of Ruilia, inilances o f her wife and prudent government, xii. 603. Said to have died by poi- fbn, 604. / C ä THÖLIC league, in. oppofition to the Evangelical Union, formed by the bifhop: of Sakzbcurg, /and others, ix. 134. Revival of it, and operations o f the catholics in coniequence of It, 14a, & feq.; C A T IL IN E , Sergius, an account of his nefarious confpiracy to burn Rome, and overturn the Rate, iv. 230— 232. Ke is ordered to leave the city by Cicero, and retires to Hetruna, 231. Defeated and killed by Antonius1 in. Gaul, ^-7^0 J Ait -C .• ■ ,• CA F T I andAlemanniy Caracalla’s march;2gainR,:and ihame- fai treaty with them, iv. 523. C ELE ST IN E III. the Roman pontiff, his haughty and infó- knt behaviour towards the emperor, viii. 458, Confirms the Teutonic knights in their privileges and’pofiefions, and aSSgns them their habit, &c. ayo, 460. ' ' - CELTES- T- N D r. X: „- -CEL'TES, or GomerIans3 confounded - with the' ScytmiansynL ■ 457- Their defcent ana ^territories, 458* 459. 461. ' B y : what courrtnes-they' entered'Europe,and the names they* ' acquired there, and in L eller Alia, &c. 459 .-'H ow far they- ' . ..,;v:fpreadthemfelves' IffEurope, and Italy. L id fo ' have been peopled by them,: 460. A further account of them, and - of : their government,freiigiony learning, language, £cc. 462, & feq. G fl their migrations and: exploits before they; eriter- ■ : ed-i;.-E drope,.. 468, & :' feq. Hiftory of ; their kings,.' 469— .. 11 474. Wb entheyfí.rft came into Spain, v, 276. A ; C H A N G CH BW EU , its' remarkable.liege, and taking of it ; TyiAll, viL^ygyb.; I AAGpE-'T. ' : GHAS.e s , the Athenian commam d er,:íenta ga I nffAlexander the tyrant ofPhserea, and his bad management in that ex- : pedition, If. 366. ;.; Aiiifts Pharnabazus....a Periian revolter, : and is afterwards;declared a traitor, 307. Is removed from 'the: comma nd © fBy zanti urn, ’ and fiicceeded by: Phodou, ■ 3^9* . t '; ' ? ■ G H A R LEM AG N E , or Charles, the ^Great, emperor of the w’eEj -fettlesithe affairs' of Italy, ftops the incurftons o f the Saracens, &c.V áhd ûbliíhes; Peyera!- excellent laws, x. 2. ■ His exploits,;;ahd: rapid: fucceifes, ibid. &feq. Makes war ' with A dal gifs,the d ep rived prince of Lombardy, whom h e : defeats, takes prifoner, - and puts to death, 3. Subdues Grim oald,w hobadrev0!ted from: h Í m, ibid, is crowned • emperor by pope Leo, 5. His death, 6; SeeCHAKXEs '■■■ the'Great. ' CHARLES the Great, fdn of Pepin, emperor of the wed, fucceeds his father, viÜ. 352. Enters Saxony and defeats the Saxons, who : offer to fubmit to him, 354. Deferoys their tem pie, . and puts the mhabitants and priefts to the fwordy ibid. His war and fuceeiTes in Italy, 355. His fur- - ther exploits agaihff the Saxons, 350V 357- f He is defeated by the Gafcons, with the: lofsyof his plunder’, ;357- . His ■ leg tila tion and policy, 35S. His ûnparalleled: barbarity so : the Saxons, whom' he b utch ersi n co 1 db food ,r :b r d . H t s eight years war: with the Saxons, who oppefe him with great obffinacy, 363'. His army defeated by them, and his generals ■ /lain, but are at length: Subdued by hiirt,; 364. Detedtsand puniihes a cohfpiracy of his- fon, ibid. Rededtion on; his exceiiive Inhumanity, 365. He is crowned in Italy, and connrms the exarchate,- and fee of Ancona on the pope, 366, 367. His death and charadter, 369. See C h arl e eíagne,. ------the Bald, emperor of Germany, and fucceffor of Lewis ÍL purchafe^the empire of the pope, viií. 383. Said to 7 ¿laye t t i =- -D-- £ X ; . - jiv i been poifonefi by his Jcwiih phyikgh, ibid. & X. t ; j gr fc(j* 40,i-_-4? ■ :£HAEXES'the-Grofs, emperor of Germany, fucceedsXewis III. viii. 385. Infoleace of the- nope In his time, ¡hid. Be comes infane, isdepofed, -and dies ‘ia > n indigent fbatej .■ ■ 586. See alfo, x. 1^* 4 -^4) 4 r5 - . .. - ' - L;: ■■•■■■■-■- IV. emperor of .Germany, his dhTieulties on his accdEon, ix. 32. Is efiabliihed Xmperor, and revives his claim in Italy, 33. 35, "/ He is- crowned.king of Lombardy, and is defpifed by the Italians: for ' his pufiiianimous behaviour and mean cenceScns to the pope, 36. Kismagniii- ^ cence, &c. at Bohemia, which he renders rich and ftcuriih- ' jng, 39. Marches again it: the Ylicontes, an d: raifes 1 arge i rums in the imperial towns in Italy in their intereit, 4c. His abject behaviour to the pope ceniured, ibid. Kis death. ' numerous marriages, iSue, and .character, - 42, 4 3. . . —— V. emperor cf Germany, and iuceerfor of Maxi--/, miliary ix. 96. Vims Henry V(If. of England, and en deavours,to prevail on him to join in a league againE France^ - . 07. 99. "/ His, wariAvith-'.-.-Francei;' and. fuccefs In.Italy, ico. ■ Takes Francis king of France prifoner, ici-. ■ ■■/ Treaty be- ‘ . tween him and Francis', .and the terms of it, IC2. : Takes the pope prisoner, whom he rele.afes, on compelling/ him:/ .to agree to his conditions. 104. Prelides at the diet- of Augiburg,. where he fr it ; favours .the: proteftantsy but a F ■. ter yards reilrains them in the exercife of their religion^ 106. . Makes an expedition into Affica,. where -he replaces: Mu ley Haifa n on the throne, 103. Admits a conference - ' to be held between tire proteifants;and papiftsj land allows ; liberty of conference to the former, 1 12. He is afiifted.by , the proteilants, who afterwards break' with him, 114 . vFiisv war with the elector of Saxonyand Landgrave of HeiTe, . whom he reduces, 115 — 218. . New war. againit 1 him ’by Maurice of Saxony, in w h ie h h e narrowly etc apes- belng feized and taken prifoner, 120. Abdicates his dominions, .2;nd retires to Spain, 120,; 1 2 1 . Embraces .the’ monailic life, and praetifes extraordinary: auEerities therein, h22i His death, ohspring, 2nd character, 122, 12 3. ■ /. r---- ——~™ II. of Engl and , demands fatisra&ic n of.the.DutcK •for infults, and non-performance of the treaty made with Cromwell, &c. ;x. 398. declares war againE'.theny' ¿nd ■ fends cut his brether the duke of York with 'a fleet,.401 ^ _ _ _ _ _ — — the Simple, becomes foie king of France ori the ■ reiignation of Fades or Odd, x. 417. ''''lhvefts-'his'0&'ni{lcf-. Haga non- wi th t be government,. and d efeats’Robert' -his ri- .. valy ' - t M ya-I, who was crowned emperor, and kills hlmfelf wit!) BH " own band,42 x. Is mad e prifoner by the ueacbery of Hubert, - ' one of the three competitors ' for - the--crown* 422. ' ■ -His ! - death, 423. i v, W ov- CH ARLES' IV*. fur named the Fair, fucceilor of Philip,' king of France, is divorced: from his wife Blanche by an infamous- " and .arbitrary’ method "devifed by the pope, xil 53/ ■ 'Is dis appointed in his attempt to obtain the imperial crown, 36. Has treaty .with phe Boots," pumfement o f the avaricious Lombards, and an inftar.ce of his exemplary ju if ce, ; 57.. èis/dëath.^dcï^àâCTLs'?. .-----... ■ i-.,. V . fur named the wife, fucceilor of John king c f France, taxes Edward, king of England with duplicity, xi. 1.09.. War between him. and Edsyard of England and his fori. the B3ack Prince, z 17, & feq. His unfucceisfu! ; at tempt to invade. En gland, 119*. Defeats the Englifc Sect, 124» His conqueifs and fuccenes over the.- Engilfh in: F rance, 127, A feq. Enters in to a treaty of neu trality -with Scotland, 13 1. His death, charadter, iifue, See. 13.;.— 136. - , — - V I. fucceeds Charles V . in the kingdom of France, hut governs during his minority by the duke of Anjou, who abates fus odice, xt. ï 37. He fubdues the revolted Flemings', and pumfhes the feditious Parifians with great feveriry, 138, 139. Fails in a formidable In va (Ion and defeent. upon'England, 142. T&kes upon him the go vernment, and ihakes off that of his uncles, 143. His virtues and-wife regulations, 143, .14 4 . Becomes infane, which renders him furious, 145. Fatal accident at a maf- querads- increafes his lunacy, 146. Reduced to a miferable fituation by his frenzy, 153. Summons his council and the.duke of Orleans to attend Him, who is murdered on the road, 153, 154. Dili radiions in his reign after'this ;evem, 1.Ç5, & feq. Takes the held a g ai nil the con fed era tes a 460. Succefs of the Engliüi againll. him, 166— 1 73. -Royal" authority transferred from him to the dauphin and' duke of Burgundy, and the rmlerable ficuation of France at that period, 1735 Sr feq- His death, re de diions on -his eh a radier, &c. 182. His iiTue, 182, 183 __r - - ■ -—.— — VII. furnamed the Victorious, TuccefTor ' of .Charles V I. ..king of France, his wife conduH at his ac- ceiSon, -xi- 1,83. Beftows great honours on the Scots who remain firm to him, and continues thé war wi th the Englifh. iSe. Is reduced to a defperate fttuation, 186. His afeirs take a favourable turn,, by.the decline of the Eng- lïfh, xyoj & feq. Lofes the bustle of Herrings, and is driven 1 Xv D- S : T G G. driven to great itraits, 192. He is crowned at KheiniSj and afterwards at Paris, 195. 197. Treaty between Lim and the duke or Burgundy, 201. :Regains of. the duke of Burgundy, 203. ; Bedegcs;andtaês'ôn-: tereau, where ;he beha¥es withygreat Bravery^.204. :;ft AhT Par.toife, 207. ' Confederacy of the duke offprleans and Burgundy" againft him,' which is defeated, 208. His far ther fuccefles over the EhgHfh, and taking of Genoa, 210-— ' 317. Mis death, chafaSe4 andiiTue, 220, 221. ' '■ CHARLES VHL king of France, fucceiTor-of Lewis X I. neglected In his education, xi. 246. Confederacy againft his ■ monarchy, and the effects of it, 249, & feq. Marries the duchefs of Bretagne, 256- Concludes a treaty with Henry V II. of England, 257. Enters Rome in triumph, but by his mean conduct with the pope makes an ill ufe of his fuccefs againft him, 259, 260. His laudable attempts to wards a reformation in theftate, 262. His death, and cha racter, 263. ——------king of Spain, difguPs the Spaniards, and meets vdth oppofition from the nobles and clergy, &c. on amend ing the throne, xii. 233. EfFecfs of his connection with Henry VIIL of England, 235. Reflections on his con duit, with regard to- refiding in Spain, ibid. Alters the conftitution of Caftile, 236. Makes war with the Infidels, who defeat his gallaes, and ravage Spain and Italy, ibid. Defeats Barbarofa, and replaces the-old king of Tunis on the throne, 237. His unfuccefsful expedition to Africa, 238, 239. In ft an ces of his w ife and vigorous ‘conduct again it the French, whom he drives to extremities, 230. Marries his fon Philip to Mary queen of England, 240. His refignation of the crown, retreat to a monaftery, and death, 241. *------king of Sweden, fucceeds Siglfmund ‘in the throne, xii. 504. 1$ defeated by the Poles, 505. His ern- barraiTed iltuation, ibid. Death, 506. ------Guftavus, declared prince fucceiTor to the crowa of Sweden, xft. 520. Becomes mailer of Poland, but is foon afterwards driven out of it, and reduced to great diftrefs, 523. His exploits and. fuccefsful prog refs againft the Danes, 524. He beiiee res Copenhagen, which is .relieved by the Dutch, 525, His haughty behaviour to the Engliih. and Dutch comm i ill oners, ibid. His death and character, 526. ------X L king of Sweden, enters into a triple league Wlth England and Holland, xii. 527. The Danes, Dutch, snd other powers joining m a confederacy, gain great ad vantages vantages overhimy hut he at length defeat's the fonriers- i fa id,' Holes P ornerà n fa, and obtains an advantageous peace, 528. Being made abiolute, he plunders: and tyrannizes over . ^HIs ;gteatnefs,.. death,yand characterjibid'. :-' CH ARLES XII- king : of S weden, iuccefior of Charles X L - confederacy -agami! : him, and his change o f behaviour on hearing it, xii* 530. His -extraordinary and excellent con- id udì. on his defeat of the Danes,-5 3 1. His amazing fri- trepidlty and fuccefs at the battle of Na-va, which he gains, 532. vTakesyWariawiand Cracoiv, and defeat seal fu per ior array;of Saxons, 533. Account of his capricious cha racter, and inveteracy again!! the king ox Poland, with whom: he makes-war, and defeats, 533, 534. . Enters inter treaty; with Augultua, king cf Poland, from whom he ob tains the fur render of Patkulytwhom he: p u ts:a ,:.c ru e l death, .533. ■ Hishaughty and contemptuous behaviour to wards- Auguhus, 536. Proves victorious ngTni! the czar Peter, 537. Initance of his ekac! and regular chfcipline, ibid. His imminent danger and -ralhnefs, 5382 .Inflanees. : of his reverfe of fortune, mifconduct, and cnhcirlties, ibid- Attempts the liege of Pulto w a, where he fuftams a ruinous defeat, 539—-541. :■ Account of his iofs on that occaiion^ his retreat to the Turkifn territories, and infatuated beha viour at Bender, 541, 542. His Ioffes in iris ab fence 5.. but Iris army under Steenhoek defeats -the Danes,: 542. His great intere!! at the Porte, 343. Exp relies great; rage! at Baltagi the Turkifh general’s making peace with the Ruf fians, 544.. His imprudent and.iniambus behaviour towards the baflia, and is made prifoner by the Turks, 545. Con federacy againft him" in Europe, where his general Steen- boek is fuccefs fui againft the confederates, but at length with his army are made prifeners of war,. 548. -His.filler made regent of Sweden, 549. Returns, and renews the war with defperatc bravery, 550. Inftances of his -ingra titude, -&c.'5 5 1. Forms an ali.iance with the:ezar, again!! George I. -&c. 55 1,55 2 - Great power, intrigues and coir- duft of his minilfer Goertz, 552— 556, Invades Norway, and: is killed by a cannon-ball at the liege of Fredericihal, 556, 557. His-charadter, 557. C H ER B U R G , expedition of the Togli £h eg a in f it, and works demolished, Sec. xii. 102, 103.. C H ERO K TES, a warlike nation of the .North American Indians, their inveteracy and barbarities to the Englifo,, who march again!! them, deitroy their towns, andput the barbarians to death, xii, 115 . They befiege and take Fort E Loudon^ , 1 :N ■ D'-‘E. _X; Louden?. and- barbarouily murder and; enflave'the garnfon who had capitulated, j i$. - ' CHERUBIM and flaming fvvord, various opinions concerning .them, and what they are fapposed to be, i. 7. CHIN £S £ , their char after,. dhpofitiois, feet and' wars. with. the Moguls,ML,3 2 6 , feq_ Account of their fthill in ,the_ art of war, 331. Admirable fundamentals of tlieir govern ment, 3 6 3 / Of. their printing, learning,■ etc. .'365, 366. Their rftftion, 371. • GHRI-ST, JE SU S; the MeiTiah, his bir lb f and circumciiioii, L jooUv. 325- Is. vifited.by. the wife men of the cafe, who offer, hi m p r ei en is, ■ L.5 o-1 •. Bel ng per fee a ted By Herod, who days the young children, JofepharTM ary are-" directed by .an angel to retire with him into Egypt,, ibid, is baptifed by John at thirty years, of age, 508/. He: chufes fome dif- cipfts, to whom he is. manifefled by .John, ibid. His: life,, miracles, crucifixion, re fu iteftion, app earance-aftenv ards, ..and alec ml on, 509— 528.. ' 1 ■' ; -e C HRI ST I AN IT Y fup.pofed to . have been introduced : into Eth lop lain the r.ei gn of Tib en us, at the b aptlfm' of . the. .eunuch bv Philip, v. 262. - wy- GHRTSTIftN princes, a Hie-of...thofe that cor.triauted to. the ihsking on.- the Saracenian yoke,. and' recovering.Spain from . the Moors,, v. 280—2S3. Unite againit the Turks, and ' defeat.them at Lepa.itto, viii. 16c, i.b;f:4: CHRISTIANS, a perfection raided aged nit themByythelian- ucdr::r. under Saul, i. 533, An other : ■ by Her 0 d Agrippa, 536. And by Severus in 'Gaul, v. 3 11. : . C HRI $ TIE E RN, of Ol den berg, c ho fen .kin g: of Den m ark,. xiL. 4 15 .' D i i p I ays grea t v ft ou r a nd ;pru d eh ce in. t he re] ief of the citadel or "VV ¡{by, a n doeileges and t a k e s t h e town,' ibid. Relieves Stockholm, and. is made king of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, 4.1.6, Thu Swe.des..'renounce their allegiance to him, 417. Inftitutes the. order, of .the elephant, and faid to have become cruel and defpctic,.ibid. . .His death, 4 1S. CHRIS i iN A , queen of Sweden,. chefen when an infant, >:u. 512. Sue refs of the, Swedes at the beginning of her reign under the ad min 1 ft r a ti on of Oxen it i era, 513 , 514. Her extraordinary talents,, and noble behaviour againit the Hanes. 513. Is courted by her couiin Charles rAuguifuSj whom ihe- reclines marrying, ...but appoints her fuccefior, 52c. Her ftrange--conduct, which feme mcafure dif- guifs her lubjefts, ibid. Narrowly-siftap£s:dro;wh'ing,.:.52i:> tier reugnaticn ; her-weak-and ridiculous-■ behayibuf .'afterwards, and death, Z22, ■ -ft . : . ' -C H tr, E;,X CH U, great chara&er'pf'Aim$, vii. 3 8 6 ., -His. progress and fucceifes In iChina, and the:caufe of them, 387. His politic - conduit, and defeat of Yew - Inyang, 389. Takes the . .; title of ting;,' arid Is after wards Inaugurated emperor In Na a- -

CICERO , the celebrated Roman orator, account of his con- ■ duel and proceedings in the detection and panitbment of: the: offenders; coiicernea in- :Caril inch confpiracy, and the Congratulations p f his country on that occanon, iv. 270— 232. Is peffecuted,. disgraced, and bani fii e d: by means of Glodius, his irreconcileabl.e enemy, 239. Pompcy and Milo procure his.fecal front bar-iihmen t,: 240, 24.i1. His . death by the hand of/the ungrateful L.enas and his exalted character by Cadar, 282, 283. . .. C ILIC IA , whence ib called, ii. So. Defer.iption ahd: extent of ■ it, 80., 81. C iLiC fA N S, ancient, hiiiory or, Ii. 80—82. Thelrcrlgkv corrupt and lavage manners,. government, Ac. Sr, 82. .Ac-. ' count of their kings, till the reduction of their country by Alexander, 82. i CIMBRI, or ClA1BRIANS;, .invade Italy, &c.. are totally de feated by the conful Marius, and afterwards- Aibmit 10 Au- guihus, v. 325. Their doicent, and different nantes, 347* CIN N A, his eon fp i racy again if the e.m perori. A uguihis, who generoufly pardons him, and beikuvs on him' the conful- fiiip, tv. 326, 327. C lR C U M C I SIG N, as praeti fed among the Jews,: circum - fiances attending it, i. 280. C IV IL government, its original, L 45, Sc feq. ------law introduced into'Germany by I-oth;nr, viiI. 432. -— :— war between Marius and Sylla, and its dreadful confequences to the Roman people, iv. 217-—-222. C IV ILIS, difturbarces railed by him in Gaul and Germany in the reign p f Veip ail a n, iv. 433. Is defeated by Vocal a, and rebels againil the emperor, 434- His army is routed and their camp taken and defrroyed By Gerealls, ibid. Sub mits, and is-pardoned, 435. . C LA U D IU S, fuccefTor of Caius the Roman emperor, ih'ews great favour to Agrippa and the Jews, i. 535. Is de clared'emperor by the feriate, iv. 3 7 1. Odious defcriptlon -- of him, ibid. ------:------II. emperor of the Romans, and fucceflbr or Gallienus, hts excellent character, iv. 553. Repels an invafion. of the Goths and Germans, and defeats them with. E 2 - - prodigious I N/'.D. prodigious daughter^ ibid. M^Ées.'.;a^nft''ZMoBia} - dies of ths'plague at Sirmlum iu Paanbrilav 5 5 ^ 554. ' CLEM EN T ill- lucceffbr of Gregory VIII. in the popedorrr, claims the fuccefiion o f the kin gdom ^ ei- fetty and i wefts Tsncred with it, x .7 0 . His death, and virtuous character, it ¡a. ^ ______IV. who iucceeds Urban IV...in the papacy, makes Charles the French king tributary to;hirn for the crown of the Two Sicilies, x .’ 105. His conduct with rsfpedt to Charles and Conradin, 107. His death, 108- ____ ;____— W-chofen popé, on the death of Benedict X . x. 124. His legate, cardinal Urfini, driven out of Bologna by the Florentines, who are excommunicated by him, and deprived of their liberties, ibid. Preaches up a crufado ao-ajnft the Saracens, and writes a letter of thanks to the khan or Tartary forhis kindhefs to the m iffi c narles, 12 5 .;Pub-' jiihes a bull for the extirpation of the knights templars,;and abolition or their order, &c. ibid. Annuls the decreed o f his predeeeiTor Boniface, 126. Confirms the decree of Gregory,X. J at the council of V ienna, and ordains the Hebrew and other dead languages to be taught in the European univerfities, 127. Sends a legation to England, to reconcile; the barons, who defpife' his authority ; his death, and dilTenfions con- iequent thereto, ibid. - —x_ _ ----- V IE is ele died pope, and fucceifor to-Adrian V Í, after a ]ong firuggle, x. 246. Is humbled by the cardinal of Colonna, and cited by him in the emperork name to ap pear before a general council, 247. Grants a bull for the difiolution of the marriage of Henry V III. with,: Catharine of Arragon, 250, “Gives the emperor Charles the inveili- ture of Naples, 251. Difagreement between him and the emperor Charles, 253, 254. His quarrel with Henry VIII. who having libelled and ridiculed him, he pronounces his marriage valid, and threatens: to excommunicate him, 255. The abolition of his authority in England:by Henry ; his death and character, ibid. ------VEIL fuccceds Innocent IX . as Roman pontiff and abfolves Henry IV. of France, on his renouncing the pro reliant religion, x. 297. Account of his conceit with Creiar de EEe, concerning the duchy of Ferrara, whom he defeats, takes pofieílion of it, and annexes it ’.to the holy fee for ever, 302. His refentment agaínít the Jefuits, who difpute his infallibility, &c. 304. Is branded by the proteftants with the epithet of Antichrift, ibid. Supprefies a riot or the Roman nobility, 305. His death and charac ter, ibid, ‘ C L E - ï É:&''à: ; ■ ■■ C L E M E N T IX , fucceffor of Alexander V IL in tHepopedom,-. ïs : vigorously oppofed:;by the Spaniard's ;in thé Mil an efe and : Naples, and ftirs up: the Ch riftian. : powers againñ the Turks, : , ■ 24.3. His - prudence and/ moderate conduct towards Lewis XIM. "344. Grants- a bull of dlípeníacion to the - 'queen of Portugal; to marry her brocher-in-law, don Pedro, . 24.5» His death,- and amiable .eharaff er,-ibi d. ■ '■'"■■■—- X , i s eleâed : ; pope and fucceffor of Clement XX. - -after-ah. interval of four months, x. 345. rlis minuter Pao-. lucci op preffes eh e people, 346. He is op.pofed with great : fif sariefs by the French court wÍth refnecX to the king's. •re gale, and obliged: to defifffibid; : His-, death, 34S. ' — X ï. fu c c eiToro firm o cent X II ,i n .the .papacy, :c. ^369. Breaks with the emoeror jofeph, by whom he is a: length humbled, 374. Continuation of the differences b e -. tween him and the emperor, who obliges him to fubmit on certain, terms, .378* His death and character, 384, 385. , i— — —------X Í1. pope, fucceíTor of Benedict: .XIII, account : of his proceedings agamiV cardinal Cofcia, for oppreflion, Arc. x. 388—39c. Difpute'between him and the king of Sardinia, which ..is- accommodated by the king of France, 389, 390. / ' *—1------X III. eledted Roman-pontiff in 1740*: his charadier, and polite reception-of the late duke or York at his court, x. 390. C LE O M E N ES, king of Sparta, and fucceffor of Leonidas, having refoived to fupprefs the Ephori, kills four: of them, and refieres the ancient conftltution of Sparta, ii. 428,429- Gains feveral advantages over the Acliteans, and takes fe- véral of their cities, 429. His alliances- with Egypt, and total defeat by Antigonus, 430. Kills himfelf, 431. CLEOM ENXC war, hiftory or .it, ii. 45 8—461. CLEO P AT R A accompanies Antony into Jucea, where Herod cor:faits means to put her to death, hut is diffuaded from it by his friends, i. 492. Antony’s extravagant paflion for, and prefents £0 her, iv. 295, 296. His injurious treat ment of Octavia, cn.her account, and the high diffindtiori paid to her arid her chiidren, offend the Roman people, 296. Her fcahdaious behaviour with Antony; at Samos, 297.: Odtavius declares war againil her, 298. She flies:apthe battle of Adtium, and Antony follows her, -301» See alio lib 448, & feq. for a further hiftory of her, to her death. CLEPHIS, king of the Lombards, reigns with great cruelty, and is murdered, after a fliort reign, v. 469. CLO D IÔ , king of the Franks, fucceeds Ph-aramond, v, 392. He is defeated by Ætîus, 392. His death, 393. : . 1 D. . E; ■■ K: _ CLODO ViEU S, or CLO V IS, &e. Ton and' fu'cceffor -of ChiId eri c, king of the Franks,' afpires to; the. conqueit of Gaul, v.. 394" Conquers ieveral places there, 395, ■ Said to have defeated the Alemans by'imploring the affiitanec of Chri.fi, ibid. He embraces Cbriiiianity, 396. I'ThetAr- morici unite-to his people, and fu bruit to him, ibid. De feats Guncelv.id, king"of the Burgundians, and afterwards concludes a peace with him, 397, 39S. Overcomes the 'Vifigoths, and kills, their king Alarie with his own...:..bands 399. ''War between him and Theocoric king of Italy, with whom he makes peace, 399, 40c. Bafely cakes Sigebert and his ton Chic dork to he murdered, and thereby becomes king of the Ripuarians, 400, 4.01. Seizes, on the domi nions of Charark, by a. cruel, expedient, 40J. Poileiies himfelf by crash of the dominions of Rsgnncharlus, king of Cam bray, whom he kills, 402! Extent of his dominion, and death, ibid. CLO DlUS, account of his fcandalou's life, 2nd prophanation of the Acred initkutions -of the Roman w o m e n, i v. 233. Procures Cicero’s diigrace -and banifement, 238, 239.. Oc- cafrcns great diizuiban.ces and murders at Rome, but is feized bv kino, who,' with Pompey, obtain Cicero’s re cal, 240, 241. He is killed by Milo at a -rencounter, which caufes 2 mutiny and great miichief in the city, 246: See ClCER.0. CLOS T E R SE VE K , convention of, between the cuke of Cumberland and the duke de Rich lieu, xii. 96, 97.. C L Y T L S , an old and experienced ofneer in Alexander’s, army, jefentmg the indignities offered to the gods by. the flatterers of that monarch, is bafely murdered by him. at a banquet, iik 207. COMMOD-US, emperor of the Romans, fucceflor of Aure-' 1ms, pare hates a peace of the German nations, iv. 499. D; i milks his friends 2nd ecunfelkrs, in order to give a ioofe to his vicious deiires, 300. His infer Lucilk forms 2 confpiracy againft him, which is difeevered, and the authors put to death by him ; he alio murders the emprefs Crifpina, Ibid. Condemns and executes feyeral perfons of coniular rank: and puts to death his miniirer Perea nis, with his wife and children, 501. Maternus corripires againft him, but is feized and executed, 502. Orders his arbitrary mi- niiicr Oleander, a perfon of low extraction, to bebeheadeds to pacify the people, ibid. Abandons himfelf to cruelty and blood Dree, 503. Inffances of his folly ana extrava gance, 504. His concubine Marcia- and ethers confplre ngînff hum, and murder hum, ibid. Account of his wan ton, I :N D E-'X., rt on. and flic eking- cruelties, ibid. Rage of the léñate and . people againft his memory. ibid. ' . CO N D E', prince of, ftiied the Great, having rendered biro felt obnoxio us to..the French :: mini Ree,Mazarirr, is few by him ■ : wíth:|a-íma0;arrhydci:'Gatàlbnia,.vihere he is obliged toraife the . ftege of Lérida, xii. 7. Engagesjhe archduke Leopold, de- ., feats him, and takes Lens, 9. - Joir.s with the. duke of Or- . . leans to oppefe Mazarin, ibid. Ills character only compara- ' lively great, 1 i . 2 1 ,. 'Be befteges Paris, where both parties -, behave in a--ridic uio usa n dfa n t a ft ic a Im a n n er, ibid.: His defpotic and dikefpeeftuIc o nda£t towards the queen A 12. 'Forms a new party independent., of the queen and Fron- deurs, and - is arre ft.ed - at council, with the prince of Conti, ■. nnd-ithe-./dú-ke ôf.-'Lpngueville, 13 . Connectsfhimfeif with the Spaniards, commences a civil war, and is declared by ■.. th e Ip at. lì ament;- an. tene my to the pu b 1 Lc, 16 . G ain s a v ie -. tory over the royalifts, and afterwards, enters - Paris.,;:-17.. Bofes the battle of St. Anthony, which notwkhft'mding . proved ind.eciftve, 18,' His cifticuit:es is-.condemried-as a traitor by-- ih ep ariiam en t; and continues obitinate in his rebellion,hr. Defeats and takes:Marinai.fa. Periti prifoner, 23..- Is difyufted at the v'Spuntili-... generals,. yand' lo fes. the battle of the D o v e s, but makes an admirable retreat, 25, Is received into favour at the. French, court by the treaty with the Spaniards, 26, Being:j.eaiou? of Bouvets, he re tir es ir o m c o u r t i n | d i fg u ft,, and .1 bend s th e remainder ó f h i s days" in Chantilly, 36. CO N O N , the,Athenian, commandsm.Perihm fleet,. and-fir p rifes Dercyilidus, ii. ill. Accufes Tiftap heroes at the Peril an court, who is recalled: and beheaded, f.72. Defeats the Lacedemonians by fea at .Cnidos,. 17,3. Makes ade- feent on the ceaits of Laconia : rebuilds the wallsof Athens, and is faid to have been, afterwards :put .to death by the Per- ftans at Su fa, ibid. A; ■ CON RA DE-1, the hrft German eroperor. ft oppa fed by the n ob ì 1 i ty of Lottai n, but at I eng th fixes them to h i s. .party, vili. 3Bo. SuppreiTes the rebellion: of Ercbanger and .Ber thold, who. .are .cQ.ft;d.em:r,ed and executed, 389, 390. .De feats and kills, Arnold duke :of'Bavaria, 390. Lis death, after a trouble fame reign, ibid. ------11. empero r 0 r German y, an d facce Ííbr o f Fien ry II. his eieéhon, yin. 423. Defeats Milico,. king, o f Poland, and afterwards .redores him to his dominions. 4 14 , Succeeds to T ransjurane B urgunAy, 415. H is operations in Italy a gai n ft Herí her t the archbilhop, and. ¡oirás there, 415. . W is’ death and character. 416. See alio x. 40—42. E 4 CONRADE OONRADE IV. emperor, fucceifor an# ibnoT Frederic II. narrowly efcapes an ;affaffination fet on foot -by the bi&op • of Ratifbon and the abbot of St. Etneran, viii. 487. Is oppofed by the pope, who favours the court .of Holland, and preaches up a crufade againft him, 488. Reduces Naples, but is embroiled with pope Innocent, who refufes to accommodate matters.,.. and excoinm unic at es :hi m and E z - zolino, a freebooter ; and is ; fuppofed to have dled of poifon, .ibid. '■ ■ CO N RA D IN , fon of Conrade IV . reigns by his guardian Mainfroi, who quarrels with the pGpe,viii. 489,’ 490. Is ex cluded from the Imperial throne by pope Alexander, x, 103- Is invited by the Gibeiins to aihiTthem againitthe Gudphs, which he complies with, viii. 492* Defeats 'an-army raifed bv Charles of Anjou ; but is afterwards defeated, taken prifoner, and, by the advice of pope Clement,, inhumanly beheaded by him, 493- GONSTANCE;, council of, account of the: pompous and fplendid manner of opening it, ix. 53. John Kufs and Je- rom of Prague unjuftly condemned byit to the Rake,53, 54. CONSTAN S. the ion of Gonitamme, and grandfon of He- xackus, declared emperor, v. 126. His navy defeated by the Saracens, ibid. Cauies his brother Theodoims to be murdered, ibid. Undertakes an unfuccefsful expedition againfl the Lombards, and plunders Rome, 127. 479, 480. Murdered in a bath in Sicily, leaving behind him an odious charadler, ibid. C O N ST A N T IN E the Great, proclaimed Emperor ofthe Weil: by the foidiery; diLurbances at his acceilion, iv. 572. O vercomes the Franks, &c. 573. Defeats the treafonabie defign of Maximian, and puts him to‘death, 574. Deter mines on an expedition againit Maxentius ; but prevtoufly implores the ahiftance of the God of the Ghriitians, 575. Account of a miraculous appearance In the heavens to him, and his converfion thereupon, 576. Gives Maxentius a total overthrow, 2nd enters Rome, 576, 577. Enacts feveral wife and juft laws, and protects and prefers the Chriftians, 577. Shares the empire with Licinius, 578. Makes war with Lie in ms, who became a cruel periecutor, defeats him, and puts him to death, 579. AiTembles the firff general council at Nice, 580. His• charafter cenfured, and draws upon him the Divine vengeance, for his cruelty and injuftice to his.ion Criipus, his nephew Licinius, and the emprifs Fauifa, 581. Transfers the leat of the empire to Byzan- fjum, and fixes his reiidence there, ¿82. New models and divides I.:n . D X : divides the empire, 582, 583. : His fucceffes over the Goths :. and Sarm2tíáns,: v, 2. '•■•••Dividesb .the: empire arripiigit•'Ms children and .nephews, 3. H is'death, and general mourn ing thereat, ibid. His o bfequles, and ch aracler ,4 , :: C0N S-TA N li-N E''':y'n I. empe ror of the Eaft, and fuccefTor .of Alexander, intrigues formedâgslnih Kim by F-omanus, who caches nimfeif to be declared1 Gaelar, and crowned em peror, v. 152. Recovers- His am her Icy and coniin.es Ro- manus to a moüañery, 153- His generals defeat-ithe Sara cens, 154. His death (being poifoned by his fon Rom anus) and charaHer, ibid. ... . _ ' ' , ' ; ■ ,— — -——M G K G M A G H G S, emperor of the Eafr, land fuc- cellar of Michael Galaphatesy recovers Teveral- citiesHrom the . Saracens, v. 168. Defeats a.numerous army of ,ScytHianss and obliges them, to fubmit, 164. His death, 1 yol . . ; C.GK3T-ANTXKGFDE' béfieged and: taken by '- . . i n e Gatins, w h o refíore it to the Greeks,1 vii. 199, 2oc. Again taken by them, and plundered to a fcanaalous escefs, 202. Mu tiny of the Janifaries by it, and quelled by the Safha Haf- fan’s complying with their demands, viii. 1S4I T u *m t there quelled by the fultari,: 22.8. G ON ST AH TI NOP O GIT AN em pi re, h Tory of, from the extinction of the A¥eíbérji empire til it he revival of it again under'Charlemagne, v. 10 8 ,6c feq.' ------■------;---- r------Hiftory, from the Removal of the'Im perial feat by Conflantine the Great, to the total failure of the We ítem empire in Auguitalas, . v. ¡1 & feq. C O K S T A N T IU S and Galerías, emperors, their charadlers, iv. 569, Divifion of the empire between them,: 5yo, E x cellent'qualities of Cohñantius, ibid. His moderation and favour to the ChrlíUans, 57r. Palles Over into Britain* and refiies at York, where he dies, ibid. . . C O N V E N TIO N between the: EngliQG and Spaniards, HD tory of it, xii. 305, 306. ’ ■ ..CO RIN TH , hiRbry of the ancient kingdom ofR li. 272. Boundaries and extent of it, See. a!fo its cities, eminent fqw wealth and beauty, by whom founded, ibid. Demoliihed and levelled with the ground by the Romans, iv./ioy. CO RINTH IANS became opulent by their fiouriffiing com merce, ii. 272. Their ancient hiilory and diíFerehtgovein- ir.ents. 273. CORSLCA taken by Sclpio the Roman general, in. r8i. ; CO SRH O ES, king of Perfia, driven from the throne by his fubjedls on account of his unnatural cruelty to Ms father, ■and reitored by Mauritius the Roman emperor, v. rip . Ravages . I ■ N ÜV-.E ';S 3 :- Ravages and lays waffie iê:eaRerri ;previnces, 12 1. ' Alfc ' Cappadocia and Armenva,; and iakes and plunders Jerufalem, ' 122., His infulting : and impious. anfwer■ to the emperor . Heraciius, who (penetrates into PerM,. intixely defeats him, and takes and. deffroys feveral towns, 123* R.aides a perfecution again if the catholics, and ftirs up the Avari, See. agaihrt: Heraciius, who defeats him, and ravages bis pro vinces, 1 24-. He is put to death .by his fon. Siróes, who fucceeds him, ibid. CRASSUS, the Roman conful with Po.mpey, fucceeding Ari- ilobuliis in the government of Syria, plunders the temple of jerufalem to the amount of 10,000 talents, I. 483, Wages an urfuir war with the Parch ians, iv. 244. t His ra pacious avarice and inludicious condudr in that expedition, 245. Is betrayed by Abgarus, his army üaughrercd, and his head carried to the Parthian king, who can fed melted gold to be poured into his mouth, to denote his infa- ' viable thifft after it, 246. C R E A T IO N and fail of man, and an account , of the ante diluvian world, i, 1. Opinions of divers . authors relative to the iltnation, of paradife. at that period, ibid. Happy Rate of our fir if parents immediately after it,, and co nj ee- ' tures concerning the time of their continuance in inno cence,, 3. , CRESS Y, battle of, between Edward the Black prince and . Philip king of France, xi. 74, Sc ieq. C R E T E , ifland of, now Candía, its different names, fertility, extent, and. numerous cities, li, 543. Eirft inhabitants of it, and their denominations, 544, 545. O f their govern ment, kings, and their great lawgiver Minos, 545—547. " Reduced by Metellus to a Roman province, .547. . C R ETA N S, their government, kings, &c.. ih ,545. & ieq. -Degenerate, after the death of Minos, from their ancient probity, 547. Long civil differ dons. amongit them, and their ikiil In the arc of war, 54S. . The Romans declare war again if them, by whom they are defeated and fubju- '• Sate£055-9 * g , ■ ' CRCESÜS, king of Lydia, aíñfts the Babylonians againil: the Medes, ii, 132. He is , totally defeated, taken prifoner, •uni treated with great clemency by Cyrus, 13?. e x O M h EL.U, the ¿enghfa uiurper, ins impolitic conduit in joining with France again ft Spain, xih 268.. CJvOSnDho, nut cry or their rite, vin 43, Sc feq. viii, 425. Renowned for the fiege of Damafcus, -vii, '88. The cm- facers are cut cm unoer the emperor Conrado, by the T urks. ' \ ■■■ - . Turks,- .through1 the policy .of; Manuel, u 2. .. A frefh one ' .. preached up bypopeCeleiline III. for the takIn» of ■■ Jeru- falem, 1 So. Another;fe£.up,- Teaded by .the ^king oi-Hap.- gary^vand-afteryârds hy' the legate,: in which the cruiaders:; are greatly diilrelTed, but at length take ©ahiiata front the Turks, 209—*221. A new cruiade let up, wherein^'Fre- . deric the emperGr engsges, andge ts.poiieihon of jerutklem, 232. ■;&Jeq...■ .Another■ preached up: by: pope Gregory a grin ft . Goniiandnople,.,bu-t.tlie cmiad.ers. go to Phleftine, where they, are defeated, their army ruined,: ...and :D am a feus beUeged and .... taken by Nojmoedin the Turkiih general,::u c— 250. . An other,..under St. Lewis king of France, whole imprudence .. -ani|--.mtfcqndu ibid...... ' B E W IT , chofen penfionary of-Holland, ix. 387. His en mity to the houfe of Orange, ibid. Oppo festh e eledbi0n of a Stadtholder, 388. Is joined in commandwith Vaa Trump and Ruyter, over the great fleet fitted out by the Dutch againit Cromwell, whicE was defeated by the Eng- lifh, and Trump killed, ibid. Becomes the head of the Dutch republic, and a£ts with great addrefs, 392. Obtains an order commanding Opdamto fight the Engliih, who under the duke of York defeat him, 402. Serves as a vo lunteer on board ■ De ■ Ruyter’s Thip, 403. ReHecHons' on his fituation and policy, 4 11. The pr i nce of/Orange be ing chofen Stadtholder,.: he and his brother Cornelius are af- faffmated and torn to pieces by the populace, 416. D IAN A, temple of, at Ephefns, defenbed, iii. 5. Magnifi cence, number of year’s in building, priefts, &c. ibid. ------of the Ephefians, fuppofed to have been fent down from heaven by Jupiter, a final! ftatue of ebony, iii. 6. DID 1 US JU L Ia NUS, emperor of the Romans, ihcceeds Per- tinax, and obtains the empire by purebafe, iv. 510. Hie infamous method of acquiring the fcv.ereignty renders him odious to the people, ibid. His defeent, preferments, and eharafler, 5 11. Niger intrigues againft him, Ibid. And Severus, 512. Is deprived of the empire by Scverus, and put to death, 513* DIDO , or ELISA , on account of the cruelty and infa liable avarice of her brother Pygmalion, fries to Tyre, m. 142. Deceives Pygmalion, who is diverted from purfuing her by the entreaties of his mother and the menaces of the augurs, 343. Lands in Africa, where ibe is received with refpect by the natives, ibid. Purchafes a tracf of land of the Afri cans ; and the ftory of her impofmg on them by requeir- ing the quantity an ox’s hide would encompafs, credited by fome authors, and exploded by others, 144. Builds a new city and makes a fet dement on the African coaif. ip id. I N D E :XV. Is -fought in' marriage fcy JarrbaSj a neighbouring- prince, 145. r rJiaysviolent- hands cm' herielf, - ibid. Opinions - of various writers concernmg^fcer; :and accounted'- a rare pat-, tern .-of/chaRitySbythe beif; authors, 14.5,146. -.-.w D IO C E E SlA N , fucceilcrof N.umerian ln theEoman empire, iv. 564. Puts Aper to: death with his. own . hand, for the.^ murder of his prede cellar , ibid. Takes;; Maxim ian for his partner.;!n -the empife,:5.65. ;. :::Hep Gaefars, which; is attended'with great lnconveniencies, 566. He recovers‘ Egypt from Achilleus, 56“. Raifes a moil cruel perfecution againd;theGhridians,which: raged with m e x p refEB3 e fu ry for ten: : y e a r sy 5 6 8. RenSers himfelf odi ous' to the Syrians by his iil-judged cruelty to the Antiochi- ans, ibid; Refigns the "empire, and retires^; 569. 'Hisdeath,. ibid. - ; D IO N , the brother of Ariftomache,; Plato's : glorious teilN mony: concerning.hiub, ii:. 69. End eaveurs to reel aim Di- onyirus, and perfuades him to fend for Plato, who works a great ch2nge in hIs inindyy'o. Phiiiftbsand his party caufe - him to be.;fufpedled o f - treafon, ■ arid banished by Dionysius, ibid. He reiblves to revenge■ the injuries done him by the tyrant, and to expel him, .71.' -He arrives in SiciIy, v/here: multitudes of Syr2cufan$ join him, and declare him arid his brother generals, 72. He. is attacked and wounded by Dionyives, who is defeated, y 3- Ingratitude of the Syracu- .fans, who favour Heraclides;,.:ibid. Bafe treatment of him. by the people of Syracufe; which city he is obliged to quit, and is honourably received by the Leontines, 74.- Nypflus, a' general -attached to Dionyfius, having made dreadful havock in Syracufe, he is intreated to return to their relief, which he contents to,; 75. Dillodges and dc- . feats the enemy, and' exringuiih.es the fire, ibid. Takes the' citadei, and reilores the inhabitants to their liberty, 76. Caufes Heraclides to be put to death, and his remorfe there upon, ibid. Is murdered by Calippus, and others, and his wife and direr imp rife neb and put to death, 77. ,D ION Y S1US, tyrant of Syracufe, is declared generalkumo- by a if rata gem, and 1 n veiled with abfoiute power, ii;. 53. A Hurries the fovereignrv, 54- He i ncen fes the S y r ac u fans again it him, who revolt, but are reduced, ibid. Makes peace with the Carthaginians, and terrifies the ¡Hand, 55. The Syraeufans again revolt, and prom lie a reward to any that ihould kill him; in confcqunncc of which, he is abandoned, and reduced to great (traits, ibid. Recovers the fevereign power, and difarms the Syraeufans, 56. Oe- ciares . clares-'^fvagamft,the., iCajâg.'and-.stakes,.M ctyas 57* 157* - "life Cartbagfflians- gain feveral, adrantgges over : :h.im, and oblige :hi ui ":-to-■;r eturnkto Syracufe, 58» .He de- . feats-- the Carthaginians by fra and land, 6 u 15 9 ,;&feq. Takes Rhegium,' a::a treats the governor Philo with;great cruelty, 64. His taitc fer poetry, and; behavibur; to ;Phi- ldxen.uk and. Ar.tipho for confuting his performances and tyranny in their ahfwers,■ 65. His pcetns being received wh-h .conteinpt.at.the.Olympiegamcs,. he falls into a 1deep melancholy, and puts to death anc bamihes his friends, ibid. Plunders the rich temple of Agylla in Hetruna, 66- ' Gains, the prize of poetry at Athens, 67. His death, by cxceSive drinking, and character, ibid. Sc feq. DIONYSIUS , the younger, ion and fucceiTor of the tyrant of Syracufe, abandons inmfelf 'to debauchery, See. In the beginning of his reign, ni. 6o. Dion induces him to fend for Plato, to whom he {hews great refpecf, and improves by his precepts, 70. BanlOaes Dion, at the perfuafron of the courtiers, who envied him, ibid. He is difguilcd at Plato for his advice, and. difgraces.hlrn., 7 r. Dion determines to expel him, ibid. He. attacks the 8 y racufans under 1 Dion, . whom he wounds, but., is afterwards defeated by him, 73» Rhiliftus his admiral being defeated and killed, he is dif- heartened, and hies to Italy, 72, 73. . He. fur renders the citadel of 5 yracufc to Timoleon, and retires to Corinth, where be lived and iked in a mean Ration, 79. See DlOtv. DISPERSION of mankind, time when It is fuppofed to- have happened, i. 37. Particular countries planted by the different leaders after it, 37—45. D G M iT l AN, emperor of the Romans, and fucceffor of T i tus, whom he is iuppofed to have poifoned, begins ito reign . vlrtuouily, iv. 44.7. His. vail expence In building, and up right ad mini illation of juilice, &e. Ibid. He . makes good laws, and., puaiihes adultery with death, 448. -Has a triumph decreed him for a mock, expedition, againit the Cattt ; and is jealous of, and recalls Agricola, who had reduced Britain, ibid. Abandons hinifelr" to cruelty, and puts manv ill unrip us per ions to death, 449. Gives bimfelf. up to lewdn-efs. avarice, and extortion, and Impiouilv 2'f lu me s tire titles of Bora and God, 45O. Marches- againit the Dacians, who defeat his army,- and kill their general Cornelius Fufcus, 454. Concludes a ihameful peace with the Dacians, and becomes tributary to them, 452. Sup- prefib; a revolt or Antoni us, who is defeated and killed by Maximus, and many perfons tor luted and put to death in coniVquence 1 N D E X; •• ft^nfemience of it, 45 2 j 453. Is Fufpefted to havepoifehedb '■ Agricol a, ¡45 3. - Forms an, execrable.' deiign- to extirpate the - fen ate, and ihem oftvirtuousof the Roman people, - 45-4; :- - ■ Puts; to death;Rufticus,: Helvetic s, and Senecio, 455-; ■ -B a- -e , eniihes- the ■ philofophers,. ibid. Fcrfecutes the Chriftians, f 456. : His: death Foretold by:aftralogers,'ibid* Is terrified with prodigies and predictions^ 457. .A : con (piracy is 4 .■ FormePvagainfe him, and put in. execution by Parthenius ( and Scepbanus, 457, 478. Remarkable intimatron of his ^:■ndeata^^4b■■:i'^p:0ôîp^■■ ■ Tya■nsûs■ . at: Ephefesi 458. 'His-: Oa-- rues, derholi0iedy :;2nd.:.his. memory declared infamous : ■ by the rebate, ibid. D R A C O , appointed lawgiver to: the Athenians, i i 288. His . charadter, and rrgdrous inidirutions, ibid, is obliged to retire from Athens, 2S0. : His -ftrange death, ibid. D RA G H Xj. afamousyTurkiCh pirate, hisxonqueils in Turbsy viii. 146. Employed -by ySolvman ■ agalnfe :.the -Chrifiians, " and takes the c afti eo f An g u it a in Sicily,, and Tripoli,' ibid; D R u S U 3, a Roman tribuhe, endeavour]ng."to reftorc the fe- •. nate to their,ancient.-priyileges .and: authority, is oppefed by Csepibdris’coiiegue, abdlmu.rderedyiv. 2/4,-2iy._ ■ - •' ..— the fo?i of Liv.ia, andbrocher of Tiberius, defeats . the RbstitwkA.great daughter, iv. 310. Subdues the Si- . cambri,: .QlvefuiV^-and Cattiy-;32:i. His death, funeral ho nours paid him by Augufirus,dc:c. snd/excellent ch a rafter; 322.- -—r■■' nephew of. Germardcus, and fon of Claudius, his . „. itrange death by an;accrdent, iv;..344; D U T C H , obtain their independency through-the- iriendfeip • of James 1. ix. 346. Profpercus (hue of their marine, and of their :trade and fetti erneht in the Eaft and We'd Ind;cs, 353. Their quarrel-and war with the Spaniards* ibid; ¿T feq. Their (hipping ieized/by the. Barbarians, 356. Tha*:- Spaniards take: many of their (hips; but they afterwards obtain prodigious fucceiTes over them in the Eaft Indies, 336. . Their maxims and: barbarities at, Amboyna, where they torture and ./put the.-. Engl i-ih to death, 357, 358. Refection . on their evafive conduct vvifn refpect/ ro/ that./infernal pro-" ceeding, 378. Their fucceiles over the Spaniards : in Ai mer ica, 36c, 361. r Their ;unnatural.'alliancenvith .Erahch; a gain ft the French prcteiUnrs, and' ill fuecefs:at fie a, 36r, Their operations. by fea s nd ! and,. and fuccefies in the Ne therlands, 363, 364- F hey. take:- Maelh'icliti- ..367. / De feat the Spaniards1 and Dnnkirkers by fea, -371. Naval ■■V i ¿to r i es gain ed by / the i r .ad nvi-ra 1 T r cm p over the S pan-lards,. . 2."2, 373.. Driven, out of Brrhi: by the/ P or: u oue: e ,3 7 6 . - F 2 '■* ' “ Waf ! Nv D -E" X. ■ War with, and defeats 'at fea by the Englifh, 3 % , Sr feg,' Account of the ^differences-between them-and’ the French and Portuguefe, 393, & feq. Charles demands fatisfaeffonof them for unperformed articles of their treaty with- :Groin-n well, and with reipect to the Amboyna affair, 398, 399. Their war with the Englifh. in the reign of Charles II. 400,- feq. Sea-nght h etween them with various fuccefs,, 405, 406. Triumph over the Englifh at fea, anddeffroy .the! r {hipping, 408. Their r up nee with France,: who is victorious, 409. Ridiculous caufe of a - breach between them and England, and its confequences, 410, St:; feq. Their dominions invaded by the French, and their;fuccefs- iul progrefs in that war, 4(3, 5c feq. Defeat theEngliffi. bv fea, 417, 418: Their breach with James II. of-Eng land, and the refill t of it, 425, 5 c feq.. Author tty,o:f the. duke of Marlborough,'with them, and:are charged with .not - ful filling their engagements in that war, 432. Their weak- nets by fea, and. attempt agamff: Bengal fruffrated by the Engiiih, 436, 437. Their vindication, and an account of that affair, 438, Sc Tea. . Had a powerful advocatAin George I* 447- They are ruined and maffacred by the natives in the ifiand of Ceylon, 448. Their Afiatk hiffory, 449, & ieq. Their hiftory in Formofa, 454, 455. Profperous ffate of their £aft India Company, 457. Confpiracy agamff them by the Ch inefe and Javanefe in Batavia, and their in human con duel on that occafion, 459, 460. Tolerate Ma hometans, and the rankeff idolaters abroad, but no Chri- ftians except Calviniib and Prefbyterians, 462,

E. p A S T IN D IA Company, Swediih,- efbbllfhment of it, which is op.pofed bv the Dutch without effect, xii. 563. EBN R E Y E K , fovereign of Wafet and Bafra,: chofen by AI Radi as his aSiftant in the califat, but who afterwards refigns it to him, vi. 443- Difficulties in his admin iffrat ion, ibid. Makes a {Earner ul peace with Abu Thaer the Karmatian prince, 444- Al Baridi, tyrant of Akwaz, rebels againff him, and is fubdued by "V abeam, .ibid. Intrigues of the late V izir Mvk'a agauiff him with Yahcam aifeovered, and feverely- punlihed, 445. He is defeated by Yahcam, and dtfpoiteOed of his poit, ibid. He makes, a. comprc'miie with Yahcam, and forms a fcheme of poffeiiing Al Allied of Syria and Egypt, 446. His progrefs and various fuccefs in that expedition, bur at length proves vieforious,-ibid. Remains in quiet poffeiiian of the Syrian provinces, 447. IlFSTvD E X. J- E D E N, ; the ; pa rad ife wherein; Adam and Eve were pj seed,. a t their, creation j various, opinions of authors concerning its ■ i-lituapion^ W-c EDGM , .or IDUMEA, defcriptionof it.i. 237, 238. E D O M IT E S , the dcfcendan ts of Efau , i. 129. ; Reckoned a Brave people, and arts and fcienees faid to have ilouriihed . nrft amongft them, 132. Their character, cuftomsp arts, ... &ca..and, ::hifiory, ibidy&Yeqy. Their enmity to and venge ance agai nil the Jews, bu t are after ward s conque fed by and . incorporated with them, 135, 136, ...... ED W ARD ' III, king of England, claims . the crown of France, xi. 59■ Fays homage to P hi lip : V’ I . . of France fo r Acquitain and Pomhitu, but declares he does not renounce his hereditary:right to the realm, ibid.' Partially performs, it, 60.. : His ambitious views upon. France .and Scotland, 63* ‘ - . „ ’ ' . , ^ E G Y P T , defcription of,- 1.-473 Uncertain whence its name is derived, ibid. Its fituation,. boundaries and chief divi sions , 48, feq. DelightfuI n.efs of .its country, . and great fertility, 55. Account of its various animals, 55, 56. Woods, trees, vegetables, Ac. 57. The pyramids deicrlbed ; un- - certain accounts of their antiquity, by whom 'built, and the ©ri gì n al defi gn - 0 f them, 5 7— 6 2. Labyrinth the re, an amazing ffructure, and diverhty of opinions relating to x the intent of It ; but fuppofed . to have been! the/ univerfai . temple of the Egyptian deities,; 62, 63. All the other won ders met with therein laid to be furpaiied by the lake .Vi sens, .63,64. ' E G Y P T IA N S , from whom raid to have been defeended, i. 64- Excellence of their laws and inftitutions, 65. Their kings obliged to conform to Ftridf regulations in traniaciing their affairs, ibid. Great affection, of them/ for worthy kings, 2nd exceif.ve mournings at their deaths, 66. Their adminiitration of civil and political concerns 1 their courts of juifice, laws, Ac. 66— 69. Excef-ive idolatry, bigotry, and' fupejfHtion, 69, & feq. Form of their temples, and extreme frugal manner of educating, their children, 74, 75. Drefs, ufages, and manners of the inhabitants, 76. E x traordinary cuftoms anc ceremonies attending their funerals, 76, 77. Their embalmed .bodies, or. mummies, and me* thod of performing it, 77, 78. Trial made by them con cerning the life and virtues of the deceafed before inter ment, excellence, of that inifitution, 78, 79. Their tombs deferibed, 79. Their extraordinary attainments in the arts and faiences, 79, A:feq. Of their language, commerce, F 3 trade* .trade, and {hipping, 85-, & feq. : Hi ftory of their kings' and their w ars wit ¿neighbour! ng na£ i on s ,8 8 ,& fe q . EHUD, the feco-nd judge of the Tfraelites, flays Eglon King of the Moabites, whom he expels, and procures-a. forty , years truce, i. 365- E LEANS, h iftory of them, and of 'their kings, ii. 282-; ■ E L I, judge 3nd high-prieft in Ifraei, i, 372. Heavy puniihment inflicted on himielf and 1 family, for-not retraining the wickednefs of bis ions, i- 373, 374. E L IJA H , 2 great prophet of the Ifraelites, foretels a grie vous famine in their country, i. 405, Exprefies his zeal for the true God, and caufes thepricfts of Baal to be flain, . 4^6 * E L IS, the kingdom of, fo named from Elifha, hiftcry of it, ii. 280, & feq. its boundaries and cities, 28 r. Olympic games celebrated near Olvropia, its fecond city in dignity, and foms account of them, 281. E L ISA , or D 'D O . hlftory of her, Hi.. 14 2— 145, See D ido. ELISH A, the prophet of.Ifrae], difcovers Benhadad’s attempt againif Jehoram king of iifael, i. 409, Sends a prophet to .anoint Jehu, 410. E L IZ A B E T H , queen of England, applies to Morad or AmuratH emperor of the Turks for a Sift an ce againft Philip king of Spain, viii. 170, Offers made by the States Ge neral to her for 2 in (ranee again ft the Spaniards, ix. git*. She concludes a treaty with them j and its terms, ibid. Re- ■ siecfions on her conduct and that of her general'the earl of Lcieefter, 322. She dlfavows his meafures, ibid. Her dif ference with the States General, their offers to her, and her demands. 328. She'treats with the States, who agree to pay her a fum of money year]y dur¡ng the war, 330, 331. H er death. 389- C our ted by prince Eric of S wed en,' x ii. 493. Her conduct judged indefenfihle In that affair, 494. E L L A C , fucceCTor of Artiia, king of the Hmrns, a bold 'and intrepid prince, is involvedm a war with his-brothers, who claim part of the fovereignty, y. 341. Is killed in 4 battle with the Ge prase, ibid. E L O N , a judge of Ifr2el, iucceiior ofIbzan, rules ten years, h 372. E M A N U EL, king of Portugal, fucceffor of Don John HI. his great ebaradbr, xii. 343. His maxims ■ o f go vernment difrerent irom thote of bis predeceflbr, and Hides a barb'-rous edict againft the Jews, 344. Brofecutes the icneme oi a ditcovery of the Eaft Indies, and fends Vaico de Gama thither, ibid, iiuroduces a new code of jurifprudenc^ INDE' X . " - 'N . ■ Vj^rifpraàence.,. 345.' y Plis- .proiperitÿj andçgr.eât-TÎciies, 2546.*; is unfortunate in. ..his ..African war, 347.- I lis great dis coveries by bis commanders at fea, ibid. His death, by the plague, 348, T _ ' EMPXRES4 eaiiern ; and .weitern, -hîilor y of .them, - till -the extindtion of the 1 atter'under Auguftüsy v. '66 , & feq. EN G LA N D ,! affairs of, in the year 13 5 1, x. 148. Its parfbu. ; ■ merit yotesimprifonmeht-to any: who üîould aceept a bene fice there-from the pope, ibid Revolution in it has a great : mfiuence on the affairt of france; xi. 24Q. ■ E N G L ISH ,: ifea-f g h t he tween them and the Dutch, which. continued four days, ix. 405. They are defeated, bur .are af terwards vlel:oriaus, 406. Their great d i it ref- in the .reign of Charles IL 407. They are iupplicaced bv the Dutch, ■ who reject their terms by the advice of -the young prince c f Orange,. 415.. Defeat the Dutch at fea, an-d are de- . fe a ted b y the m.,. 417, 4 ï Sc Indolence cf its cc u r : : in the reign of Charles, bv not endeavouring to itop the rapid fuceefbs of Lewis, xii. 37. . :. EN O S, fen of Seth, his; birch, i. ii. The pub 1 ic wofihlp; of God frit fet up. under him., tt- EPAM INON.DAS, being; choier. general of .the Thebans, gain s- a great vifbory ove r the S carta n s at- Leu-it r::, ii. aye, .-; 441, Invades the Peloponnefe in conjuivdrion with rclopidas, . 2nd makes an attempt on Sparta, where they are re pi; Led by Ageiikius, 441. Gene.roufly redores the Meilenians. to -the i r ancient do m ini o ns, 44.2 - He. is rr:ed w i c ft P ej op id as. for breach of orders, and after auMreffing h: infer to his judges, vindicating his conduct and recapitulating his great; fervices, he is acquitted, ibid. Again invades the PLoconnefe Without fuccefs, whereupon,.being/aceufed of treaion by bus .enemies, he is deprived of ;his command, and is .reduced to ; the condition of a private man, 443- EPHESUS, ..city, of, its ancient crate cieicrlbcd, iii. 5. Its ty rants and government, 6. Taken by Grceius .king of.Ly dia, ibid. EPH LSI ANS, fide d with Mit h ridâtes age: nit the Rom ans,: whom they m adhered, and are p.umGied by Sylla,:: fh. 6. Given todu perdition, for eery, and the curious arts, ibid. EPH O RI, magiftrateS:-of .great .power and authority-in'.-the Spartan fate,: defcrïpÈÎon of them,.and the nature of their office, - ii. 388, 3S9. Sidewith the Phoccans ¡n; toe Lered ; war, 421. They reiedb the pronofal of the oEcohans to . chufe two Icings, aodarernurdered by. their parte, 434*.-- >he- fipw ones are murdered by Chilo, who aipired to the Soar- I-N;- tan throns, ]’bid. . Attempt tourder- Dyeurgus, wnaraakes his efcape. ibid. r . .y ' y.y k 7,----7 -. . EPHRA-I-î,: bbühdaryes^ to that tribe,, and principal towns., i. 228. " : ■- ' APICHARIS^ a Aeed /Womanj eiigaged with Piforin the confpiracy againix Nero, iv. 396. ..She bafRes Proculus her ac- cufer, ibid. She is put to the rack, behaves with great for-, titude;: under hertortures,-and atlength putsamend to her - own life, 398. . _ - . w': .■■ ■ : E R A R IC , chofen facceiTor. of Ildebald king of the Oitro- goths, v. 453-■ Offers, to deliver up Italy to the emperor Juftiman for 2 fum of money, and is after aHhortreign. murdered by his Objects, ibid. E R IC the firft, king of Denmark, an ufurper, killed in bat- tie, and fucceeded by Eric the true heir, both c f whom were converted to Onxiftianity by Ar.fgarius biihop^ of Bre- men,.sii. .374. ■ . ^ —----- III. fu rnare ed the Good,. brother. and fucceiTor o f Ola us, king of Denmark, extirpates -the pirates of Rugeu, xu. 37 9. Citaitifes the Vandal$ ; his mortifying fab million : to the pope ; great power, and death, ibid, ... ..*------III. king ;of Denmark, is defeated.. by Nicholas ■ his comped tor, xii. - 381. Ink u manly pu r.s Te1yen of h is brother Harold’s tons to death, ibid. Makes war with Efchiid bifhop of Rofchiid, who oppofed him, and defeats, and takes him prisoner, 382. Is aiTaiSnated, ibid. —-— the Lamb, king of Denmark, is eppofed by Olaus ion of Harold, who cl aims the. crown, but after many bat tles Is defeated and killed, xii. 382. Is imiulted and de feated by the Vandals, 3S3. His death, ibid,. : ------V. king of Denmark, and fucceiTor of Waldemar, bis wars with his relations, iwhom he reduces, xii. 393. Is reconciled to his brothers; who do him homage, 394. The people revolt from him on account of a plough tax impoied open them, and after forcing them to pay it, he is murdered by Godmund, a profligate prelate,-ibid. «—.— VII. king of Denmark, .whole mother: .Margaret; acts as regent, xii. 306. They are defeated and taken -priioners by Eric the brother of •Waidemar, and reftored, ibid. He is con fp; red againib and murdered by the nobility, 397. -----— VIIL or the Pious,,king, of Denmark, governs by his guard i an'W aldemar, woo caufes the murderers of his father to be attainted, and their eftates conhfcated, xii. 397. A dread ful conlpiracv agalnR kirn dlfeovered, and the authors, ex- . . cent* - cept the prelates, puniihedwlm deatb, 398^ -His death3 " ' ibid:. ■. ER IC , X . king .of Denmark,- ■• faecefibr» 0f Marga ret, : a:--4^2CvcPeij-aresIhiaiifeIf: with -re-- ' ■ fpecf to bis S wediih fubjecfs. ibid. His people growing dif- , ■ contented at his conduct, he abdicates the crown, is depoied, and fucceeded by; Chriitopher III.: 413. 469. ------— XJiÂd^gWo.f-"S-wede-ii^- .¿ricoun-t.; of. his courtiMp of Elizabeth’ of England, whole behaviour Is cenfured, xii. , 494. ; His wars with the Danes, by whom he is at length ■»defeated, 495. ■ Marries a ■ fr hi to girl, a n.d. ■ commits acts of .,.-cruelty in his infinity, 496. Being confpired again by his brothers, and defeated by hisfubjefts in general, he is , depofed, 497. ' ' - * ESA.RHADDON, king o f; Aiivria, reduces ' Afiyriap which revoItsafterhis:deathr v;259 .: E SA U , the eideft fion -0f: I iaac by. Rebecca, fells his birthright to Jacob, his brother, who afterwards fupplants him in .. .';the;;-b'k^h'g,-.'Iiw.--:i3o;v;.r-3-f.;-:' Is afterwards reconciled, ¡7.1. . HiiJory of his poilerity, their character, arts, cuitoms, &c. 131,135.. .,. See E dom and El>bMfT£S:i " E T H IO P IA , Proper, boundaries of it, and its ancient names, v. 247. Account of its different nations, and variety of inhabitants,. 248, 249. : Cities, mountains, rocks, different climates, and ifiands, 249,, 250. Said to have been con quered by Mofes, 256. ■- Reduced by- Setae king of-Egypt, and- afterwards by Efarhaddon king of Aflyrla, 258, 259. E T H IO P IA N S,. name given by the ancients to perfons black, or fwarthy, v. 247. Their origin, which was believed to have been the fame with that of the Arabians, ar.d their. different names, 251. Divifion. of their kingdom, their government, laws, and relIgion, 251,■ 25.2. ■ Their lan- . guage, and different ■. dial eels, 253, 254, Their, euiloms,. manner of livings arid fighting, 254, 255. Their affinity to the Egyptians, and iuperior excellence in wtidom and: literature, 256.Their character, and abfeurehirfory in early times, ibid. They conquer Egypt, 258b Com do fed part of the . -army of Xerxes, 260. Chriftianity introduced amongst them . by .Philip, 262. Converted, by -Frumenthis, 263. They conquer. the-Uomerues under Elefbaan who embraced Chri- ituifity, are afterwards cruelly perfecu-ted, and relieved by Elefbaan, I N D E x;- Hífiaan» #64. Hiilorjr;/fiisist ¿oncersfe^ them in jitter times, 265* ■. . E T R U R IA , divided into' :.tv7eive iftates! or .'tribes,.- its ancient ...cities,..rivers,. lakes,.. and itknds,: iv. 2, 3. Firit 'form oí . government, 10. Ihvaded-by tbefGaulsy 2X.. -n - E T R IJ3CA'NS, their hiitprjr, iV.. 1, & feq. ■ Expelled, •■■and , their t-errit0ries abridged by the Gauls and other nations, i,. 2.Tbe:r origin, 3. Their government, conftitutionsyTeligipn, language, arts, and learning, 4—9. Settled in Italy a few cen- . turie.s ;aiter the deluge, ^.. They 2inib Romulus againibfhe .Sabines, 12. They break with theRomans^ who totally- overthrow them, ibid. ' Are- obliged to fubmittc the Ro mans ; revolt, and are again reduced, 13. Unite their whole, power againft Rome, But are defeated^ . and . fue~for peace, 14. Aliiil the Romans a iecond timeagamrr the Sabines, ibid. Their power at fea, and unfaccefsfuL at iera p£ to reftcre Tarquín, 15 . They beiiege Rome, and ravage its territories, but lofe many of their men by an smbiiicade, ibid. Account of the difputes between'them; and, the Romans, and the IlTae of: them,: 16, 17 . They again enter into a confederacy againib the Romans, who over powerthem, 23, :& feqv F Y A G O R A S , king of Cyprus, . is,, attacked, and his-fleet de feated by - th e; Peril a ns, i i. 17 4* Is befieged i n Sal atiii ne by them, capitulates, and obtains good terms, 174, 175. ■— :----— ------II. ion of NicocIes, his excellent character, ij. 553. He becomes mailer of Cyprus, ibid. : EH DES, or ODO, king of France, íucccííbr of Charles the Grok, defeats the Normans, x„ 416. His reign rendered troublefome by rebellions and invaiions, ibid. The no bility being averfe to hIs: government, he religas thegreatelf part of his kingdom to Charles the bimpie, and foon after - dies, 417. E U G E N E , prince, defeats the Turks at the battle of Zenta, v í i i. ; 3 j 1, Sc feq. Is 2 p pol n ted by th e empe ror to: co m ma n d an army in Italy, ix, 205. Beats the. French commanded by the duke of Orleans and Feu ill ad e, and railes the üege of Turin- 215. His operations and dll fuccefs agalnit the French, 228. ■-----— IV. pope, applies to the queen of Naples for aihffance agairvit the Colonnm, x. 175. Orders his leyate without effect to ciiiolve the council of Baiil, which met for the pufpoics of reformation, 177. Is vigorouflv oppofed by the council, and annuls their a fe , 178. His authority is re cognized at the council, which ¿des with him, 179. By th-g I n :.;d ■ ■ ■ 'E'.o p - the difleiiftons he pròpàgateà/hy: his agents among the fs-, thers, he procares the removal of ".die. council to .Ferrata,, andsnumpns over it, ViSx. : He is depofeF by the council ’ atBafii, who. chùfe. Felix'¥* ; preaches up a craiade again ih the. Turks, 190. ix. 66. His death, x. iô. . ■ . ■ . : ' E U M E K E S, the Care 12n, reconciles the two parties of Me leager and Perdiccas, 111.3 17 . He is pu t in poileilion of Cappadocia by the affiilance of Perdiccas, who defeats Ari- arethes, gig. Crater us and Neoptoiemus defeated and Tain ■ b y ‘him, 320, 321. Amigonus makes war with, and totally routs: him, by bribing his general, 322.' He is beueged in an inacceffible rock by Antigohus, who is overcome by his intrepidity and mild conduct, and carries him back in bis arms to the fortrefs, ibid. He is created genera: of, the kings'in Alia, and gives a unking in (lance or his prudent and wife conduct, 323. Gains an advantage over Antigo- nus, ana afterwards defeats him, and frcitrates his attempts to furprife him, 324, 325. Engages Antigorms, to whom he is delivered up by his own men, and pet to death at the inÌtigatÌGn of the Macedonians, 320. BU PH EM IU S, a great officer in the emperor of Conila nti no pie’s army, debauches a virgin out of a mo nailery in Sicilv, and fiies to the Saracens, to avoid puniihment, v. 14.2. Promifes to betray Sicily torbe Saracens, but before he could effeH it, is (lain by the Syracufans, ibid. EU TR O PIU S, an eunuch, prime min liter of A read! us, em peror of the Sail, is veiled with great power, and is guilty of many crimes to fatisfy his rapacity, v. 63 - He caufes Stilicho, a powerful commander under Koncries in the W ed, to be declared a public enemy, 69. By a treache rous and falle accufaticn of the general Timailus. he pro cures his condemnation, and banifhment to a barren and in- hofpitafcle place in Libya, ibid. Perfuades Gildo, the Ro man commander in Africa, to revolt front' Honcrius to Ar caci us, 70. His ambition pro v o k ing the refentment of Gainas the friend of Stilicho, and Tribigiid commander of the ' Goths in Phrygia, againil him, he is aifgraccd by Arcadius, 72. Gainas procures his bamihraent to Pamychium, near Chalcedon, where he is tried, condemned, and beheaded, 73- . . E Z R A , the Jewiih governor, his zeal and activity sn reform ing the church and frate, I, 435. Red ores the worihip of the temple to its ancient form, 43Ó. His death, and writ e s 3- 43^ 437* FARiU S E X.5

f . -■ .--■ v;:.; ■ - ^ v 'h ' TgABIUS R U L LIA N U S5 general'- under Papirius the Ro- E man dictator, gains:-a complete yidtory over the Samnites ; but having engaged contrary to order, he is condemned, and refcued by the foldiers, iv. 168. . The dictator being in- . flexibly bent on his pur.ifmr.ent, his father appeals to the people, -who' intercede for his life, 169, He;is pardoned at their intercemon, ibid. ' He.;again- defeats: the Samnites, and ■ the Apulians, 170. — M AXIM US defeats the Samnites who had revolted from the Romans, iv. 174- Prevents his Ton Fabius Gur- ges being difgraced by the fenate; fights under him as his lieutenant, and overthrows the Samnites, 175. • Is created didiator, and didreiTes Hannibal, 193. Saves Minutms, who had jndifcreetly engaged-the Carthaginians, 194. ' F A L L of M A N , and: its confequences, i. 4. Opinions con cerning it, ibid. S ee Gr e a t ion . ' - - - F A M IL Y compact, account' of ;it, ..xiU 126, 127. _ Subffance of dome or its articles, 127. O f a dangerous tendency to Great.Britain, ibid. : , FA RN FSE family, related to-pope Paul III. their hiffory, x, 259, S: fee. FER D IN A N D the foil, brother and fuccelTor of Charles V. emperor of Germany, his election is oppofed by the then reigning pope, but acknowlegded by his fucceUbr Pius IVf ix. 124. Summons a diet at Francfort, and confirms their refolutions, ibid. , Importunes the pope to allow the facra- ment to be revived in both kinds,'and priefts to marry, which he refufes to grant, 125. His death, ifiue, ahd cha racter, ibic. >------—------II. emperor of Germany, is oppofed by the - Bohemian confederacy, which is joined by the prctetlants, lx. 142. He is chofen emperor by all .the eledtors, which is protcited againir by the Bohemian deputies, 143. Fur ther oppofition of the Bohemians to him, who chufe Fre deric V. king of Bohemia, ibid. Confirms the proteflants in their religious privileges, 1.4S. Perfecutes the Bohemian, pro:titant$, 150. His death, ifiue, and character, 170, 17 1. ------— -----prince of Brunfwic, is repulfed in his attempt £-0 diflodge the French commanded by the duke of Broglio, ix. 261. Defeats the French at the battle of Minden, 263, 264. xii. 105, 106. Attacks the French in their camp, and overcomes them, ix.. 203. Beats the French at Crevelt, xli. ieo. PERDI- FE M )IN A N B ;,ki ng; of; CaiBI.es; Leon , Ov-iedolan d? GaHiday conquers the. Moors in Spain! and Portugal, xik x6o. De feats :and; kiiis his brother Garcia, 161* Dlfpoiai .of hb: kingdoms by his laff -will, 162. . His death, -blue and cha- radieri.ibid; YT\Y/ .. king of Leon ana Gaftile, ga!ns fevers! ad vantages; over- the Moors, xii. 179. Cruel!y perfect:tes the . . Chrihians,: iS o -: /Makes/ the Moonfhki.ng of Granada his vaiial and tributary,;ibid// HLideath,;18 x .; ——;; ■ and Iiabdla, : their marriage, and coniequences xeihitingBom .2x^215.;.; - > 1— l 1-..'. ■ v / - king of Caftiie, his unconfrant ehara&er and . con.dtnS:, ;Xii«;333* Falls .in love with and ..marries, donna■ Leonora 'I’eliezj- tHe wife of one of his nobles, which dif- , gulfshIs fubjects, 334- His-.death, -333. .. ; F E L IX , CLA U D IU S, governor of Judea, ■' i. egy. ■, ./His. cruelty ana avarice, 538. F E S T U S , fucceifor of Felix in the government of Judea, his wife andprudent conduct, i. 53 8, Ac quits Paul of the - charge againfc him, ¡bid. ,/ His.death, 5.3.9;.. . FIEFS,/ In France, their original, and fatal eonfequences to the Carlovingian princes of th arcou n try,x.4i9.: FL A.GELL AN T 3,. • a :■ fedl of enthu nails in Germany,- ac count of themj ’ix.; 34../ Cities/ and/’ princes; there unite ugainfl them.which: occaiions their £XtmUion,ibid. F L A N D E R S : attacked by Philip of France without fuccefs, xi. 4 1. FLA V IU S S Y L V A , lieutenant o f: Judea,, beiieges and takes the ftrong for trefs o f Mah ad a/; fr o m th e : JewiiL rebel s, i. 550. Defperate act of the beiieged on his taking the place, 55 °" „ V FL E M IN G S, being oppreiieu by the count de Ghatillon,: oppofe him, and drive him out of xhe; city of Bruges, killing molt of his-men, xi. 42. They to:ally defeat the French fent by Philip agaihB : them, and throw .oil the yoke, ibid. They agai n. overthrow the :Fr eh c h, but are afterward a over powered, and matters are accommodated bewixt them and Philip, who relinquiihes the attempt for the preient, 43. War with them renewed b y ' P h i iip, who is obliged to agree to a frefia treaty with the count, 45. F L E U R Y , cardinal de, prime mindter to Lewis X V . ifric- tures on his char abler and meafures, xii. 70* Lays a foun dation for the mifuhdentandings between the courts o f V ien.n a and M ad r i d , 7 1. Mifbkes i n his. fen t i n/ e n ts;. a n d ad mirk illation pointed out, 73. Oppoies the meafures of Belleiile X;’ Beileiile and the' princes of the blood,' -77. - Hisoeatlr, whicit ■ proved favourable to the- deiigns or Beileiile and the reftof his opponents, 78. : FLO O D, v a n on s hy po thefes and conjeRuresyconeermiig dip I. 20. &feq. S ee D elu g e. FL O R E N C E , conGdered as?-a republic,-, affairs of'it, and ac~ ^ count of . the wars of .its Inhabi rants with their Gibeline ; xMfhbcurs, x. io i. & feq. Tranquillity of it reilored, 187. F L O R E N T IN E S ,.defeated by the Gibelines, x .-■ 102. .The:r / Gudphs are obliged to red re from Lucca, and i m p] ore - 'the protection of Con radio without effect, ibid*. W ar between ; the plebeians amongit them and- the1 nobility, 183b Their ill iirecefs, and recevery of their aftairs by a. -treaty with the Venetians, ibid»' T heir great iolTes, factions, perfecu- ilon and banifament of Gofra-o ae Medici, the celebrated pa triot, 184,185» They are defeated,..with, the .Venetians«; ana conclude a peace, 187. AiHf Sforza,..-.-who-, is fuccefs- . 'ful againfc the Venetians, 203. Leagues fortned againit them-by the.pope, 212, & feq. They arc favoured by the French, and obtain a peace from Ferdinand andphe pope, 214. F R A N C E , concludes 2; truce with Leopold for twenty- vearsj ix. 195. Confederacy entered into by the German powers with Leopold again.it her, 197- Grand-confederacy, formed . again.il: her, and wretchedly executed, 198.' General con- , federacy againif her, and its confequences, 205, dc feq. In- vaded by count Brown the Auiiri an general, 241. Her ccnqueils In Flanders, 409. Victories over the Dutch and Spaniards at fea, 421. Hiftory or it, x. 391, & feq; State of the fuccdHon to its crown in the reign of .Philip V f. xi, 58. Sc feq. Bankruptcy there, 118 . Account of the plan of the treaty with her, can vailed by Mr. Pitt, and broken elf, xii. 124. Peace fig tied between her and Eng land, i3 t. FRAN CIS L invades Italy, and defeats’the.Swiis^ the pope's mercenaries, x. 242.. xi. 284.. His deicent, m milters, 2nd favourites, xi. 283. . He meanly .courts? the friendihip of the pope and the Engl lib min liter Wed fey, 2.8 7... Encourages learning, and is Filed the father and reilorer of learn ing in France, 302. He reannexes Bretagne to his owri crown, 303. Perfuades Henry VIII. of England to join, the Smalealdhm league, 304. Prom lies Henry that hé : shake oh the pope4's fupremscy, 304. His views on AUian,b 3 yep,° 5 > 3 306.°^ - Grue!Cruel piperfecution of hie proteiVnt fubjects, 3gc6 . Elis war with tl s in Savoy and ioat, 307. Befriends ïrdinal ote,- and marries 7 hi? „ . ; i j NT E q /E ry;' -■ ,•* hi s daugh ter i oja m es V . - of; S cotl an d ,3 09 .f Rupture be-* ,. tween- kim and Henry-VHR whom heb strays, ‘ Gon- .. ,traits* in famousconnections-' ■ with the T ufks , 2 againfib th® r . Ghrifilari ;powers^ .3'%.,;.. Is ::êiefted.v.by. aH.:Europe,:: and^de.--.' dared 2-common enemy, 316- Forms-a plan for invading : England,whichmifcar ries3 318 . ■.■■‘His: death, charader5 aiid '■ blue,::^Z0y 3 $ * ’ PR ANJCS, them, ancient, 'Rate, - origin, and various1:-tribes, v. - 385. Hopidaries..;of their:counriy, ihidvt Their manners, according to -varipus'authors, 386.- - Hifirory of their kings, .. .from Priam, laid - to - be the- firft, 386, 3S7C Break-into Gaul in the reign of the emperor Aurelian,. by whomthey are repulfed, 387, 388. ; They invade land .pillage:Spain,. - and "attempt to break into G aul, but: are: repul fed by Poif- humlus, ’388.' Join with- other: barbarians, and feize on.- feventy- cities o£Gaul^ and, afterwards ravage Aha, Greece, . Sicily,: &c.; ibid. . Maximinian: ravages their territories, and ; obliges their .two .kings tc fubmit to him, .389.-, T h ey: are defeated by Confbantine, who takes tWG ’of theirEm gspri- foners, and overcomes them. in . feveral:* encounters, ibid. T h e y ; concluded peace withGonitans, and are intirely de- . feared by Julian, 390. They inyade-GauIby Tea and: land, and are defeated with great daughter in-the-battle, o f A r- ' gent aria, 390, 39 1- They attack: and:cu t'topiecesm an y of the Vandals, &c. when entering into Gaul, 391. Hi- flory of their kings, and their exploits, 392,;dc feq.- „ F R E E B G O T IN G companies in Pr a nee, -th eirorig 1 n al,and formidable, power, xi. n x . Guefclin delivers his country from .them, and carries them to Spain, to a£t: againfl: the Moors, 3 ri, 112. F R E D E R IC I. furnarrted BarbaroiFa, emperor of Germany, takes the crofs again if the Infidels, vii. 143.'...Arrives.in and- conquers the Greek territories, 146. His route on his expedition again if the Turks, and entry on their territories, 147. His fuccefs, difficulties afterwards, and progrefs, 148. He is diftrefied by famine, but marchescto Icorimm, near which he defeats the Turks with greatiknghtef,!^. Takes Iconium, and gains another battle, 150. Makes peace ■ with Arilan the.Turkifh commander, £51. His death, 1 <%. See alfo viii. 440—457. II. emperor of Germany, his character, vii. 231, His views in marrying Yulanda the heirefs of Jerufalem; 232. Being preifed by pope Gregory to perform his vow again if the Infidels, on his delay he is ex comm uni cared- 222. Goes to the holy land, and fends an embafly to the ■■ : . ■ T N ' 3>->-E' .x: . ", Sultan, wlthofFers- of an 'accommodai ion,-ibid. . Makes a truce, by- which: he - obtains. pcffiuiom of .Jeru-fakm, -"234, 2,^5. T he pope mcenfeè againir him, ■ whom-:RéRumMes: at his tetum to Europe/2-35, 236.- See atfo' viii. 473;—4S7.- x. So, &ieq. ' ' FR E D E R IC i l L o f Auitria, .is appointed guardian' to' yo.ung EabifiauSjix. .64. Favours the Teutonic knights, and purchafes' a peace of his brother Albert, .who', Letting - up a elairn -inv oppoihion to him..,. had:; ravaged hi y territories, 65, ' Renews , his pretentions to Swiuerland, and bargains with France for her aiuitance, whofe troops fuftain a great ilaugh- , tèr fro ma; h a ndful 0 f Swi is y 6 5:^6 6 .Heis crowned ki ng . o f Lombardy at Rome, 68- His ; indoience with - reibect to nublic aiTairsyy 2.: His death, character, and epitaph, .78, 79. ■ ■■■ ; y ■■ ’f'y ,r^ —— :—... v -■ ■ hr 0 th ef o f A) pho nib, hi n g 0 f A rr a go n, cho fen king of Sicily, x. ri-iyv His Feet-defeated , byRis^-brother James, kingipf Sicily,- 118 . He is penecuted by the pope, who engages Charles of Valois againft him, ibid. ——------el ected ki ng of Denm ark by-the Rates -on the depoiltion of Chriitiern, xii. 425..:' He- endeavours to revive the unloiror . Colmaryibiddx Hé iubdiies .NOrby the- D abi fit piratical admirai, arid recovers from him tbeiileof Gothland, 426. Dec-ares himfdf 2 pr oteflant ; defeats the Flemiih iquadron in Cbrifuern’s fervice, whom betakes prifoner j and dies-with an excellent charadter, ibid. ------j y king of Denmark, fubdues and reduces the Dithmariians,: xii. 430. -Joins ia a confederacy againR Eric king of Sweden, by whom he is defeated at fea, ibid. Is victorious over the Swedes, and makes an advantageous peace with them, 431. Sells the 'duchy of Courlahd at the perfuafton of-the duke of PruiSa, 432. His death, ibid. ' - ---- :— -----III. fon 2nd fuccefbr of ChrîRiefri IV. king of Denmark,-concludes a treaty for the paiTage of the Sound, and- a fubhdy treaty ■ with the Dutch, xii-437. His war with-Charles'Guiravus of-Sweden, with whom: he con clu d es a treaty, wh i oh h e -e vad es, 438, 439. H is excel len t condudt and difpofitioh at the beiieging of Copenhagen,- which is relinquiihed by the -Swedes, 440. He receives great 1er vices from the Dutch, by whole aiïïftance he gains a vidtory over Charles’s forces, 441. He is made an ab- folute king by the commons, 442.' Enters into a comoro- miie with the duke of flolifern, and agrees to an alliance with. ' , ' ':I." N ! D E X. . wi thCharl es II.o f Engl and ,4 44. / " His death, great. eh:a* . -and îSuep. 4:^.3. ■■ ■ ■ •v. T iT i ■■ .f .- ; FREDERIC; TF. lcing.■ o f Denmark, fuccefior of Chrifiierii . V. difiiculties nn his acceiHcn,. and war with Hoiitein, with various fuccefs, xii. 447. ■ '-.His-waEwith-Sweden,înlwhidi he isTucdefsfuI by iea^ uIS. - Concludes a peace with the : Swedes, on" the mediation: of George T of England, 449. ■ His-death,-ibid, ■ A • v :V;. king - of Denmark, his alii ance by marriage to -George II. ■■ ■ ■ of/England, arid wife reign, -xii.,.450,. 451. His-death, and is^'Succeeded by-GhriiHern V*. the reigning ; prince, who - married. the princefs Caroline Matildaîhier ■ :.-of' GéorgeTlI. of England,, ibidf. FRENCH,itheir-treachery to', the you ng Eieito r Palati ae, whom they arreit ahddgno'mlhioudy treat, ix. 17 1, 172. They join -. Bannier general of thè Imperialifts anti Bavarians, who ob liges them to retreat, 172, 173. ConcueiE, and progrefs of them .and the'Swedes, 177, 178.. Their intrigues, and al liance with thèiGèrihaii phwersv 187: They declare war againil. the emperor Leopold,1189. Their . infolence and ■ 'ùiùr-pationsf'-i'g3-,'-.'-i:Q4.-'' -Advantages gained by them-, in Germany, which are followed by a treaty, 2.3 r, 232. Theirwaft progrefs in the Dow Gountries^,240. Take Han over, 247. Expclied from ir, 253. Their alliance with the States, 369. Their rapid progrefs in-the invalion of Holland, 4 13. Their defeat by the Engliih and Dutch at La Hogue, 427. Their cru fade: 3 gài nib the -dominions of Mainfrov who is defeated and killed by them, x. 107, 106. Their fatal expedition againit the Turks at the requeit of .Sigifmund king of Hungary, and great lofs by their defeat -at the battle of Nico-polis, xi. 149. Attempt to invade Great Britain, but are prevented, xii- So. FU L V IA , wife of Antony, kindles a. new wax in Italy, by means of Lucius, iv. 289. Perfuades .Antony to peftpene his Parthian, expedition, and return to Italy, 291. Her death, ibid.

G- A D , the tribe of, its alio'tTxvent, i. 225. ^ G A IN A S, the friend ci Sri Echo, Honcriufs general, accufes Eu tropi us, and caufes him to be put to death, v. 73. He marches againff Gonfantincple, requires fome perfons of diilindtion to be delivered up to rum, and obliges the em peror A readies to conclude a treaty with hmi and i ribigild. , . I- N D E X. f ?•> ■¥'& The citizens of Conitantjnopie, injecting; him o f - treacacry, mafl'acre his countrymen the 'Gothsy; ¡and after*" ' yvaf.dsVc iit îriÌ jQiFj 'WÌih hi-s - followers, 74. '■ --- p A L B A^ SERG IU S j 'governor of part of Spain, is declared' ... phi perori there,- it; '4G&. . J $ . oppoftd^rby;rî^îùsi--:--,- 2n4 ^ : «ready per pi exed,- 408 * . A ccò unt of him -before, This; eleva- ■ - : tiontothe empire, 4? 1. ■ Is oppofed by -NymphidiusiSabi-; pus, who is favoured by the fenate, but after w ardsx killed, , :ihis-';:àecòiriplicesì: 412^. 4.1.3;;: Goyernsvarbitrarìlyvand ^dth exceÌEve fe verity, ibid. Being governed by bis .fa - ; yourkes, who opprefs the peo pieghe rend era himfelf odious, 4.1 4, ' ' ■ Qrders ; ; reftitution. : of Nero’s donations,- and ; diTo- biiges the Prsetorian guards by tending. them a donative, 415. .. Adopts Fifa :,LiGi.nlan.us,,410. ; :Two common ibi- ., diets transfer, the ...empire from, him to C-tho, who is ac cordingly faltited emperor, 41 7 *. His bshayiour thereupon ibid. . He ,is abandoned by ' the fold-iery, and murdered^ with Pilo and his favourites, 418. GA.LLIENUS, has- the tit 1 e of Csefar...conferred on him by Talerisrihisfather, anddhires'tbe,empire, with Hirnf iv-. 5-45. 3s choice foie emperor, 54/. His cruelty incenies the peo ple againff: him, and has thereupon fe vera-1 other eompe- . liters in the empire, 5 17 —550. Account of many dread ful calami ri es in his reign. 540. Ma fiacre s, th e By z anti nes ^ 550. . Defeats .Aureolus, . who had revoked from him, 552» .. He is killed::! the fsege of Milan, ibid, . : G A LLU S, is :elcited .emperor: by the Roman foldiery, iv. 544. Concludes a ihamefhl peace with ytheiGoths,: and revives the nericci]ting ediils againff the yChriiltans,- ibid. Is op pofed by iEmilian, ..and ilain by his own; troops, 545. ------coufrn- german of. the emperor; Confthntius, ; is created Caefar by him, a nd has th e empi re, of -the ' : Bail al - Ioited to him, v-. S; Abandons himfeif to tyranny, cruelty and oppreffion, 10.- ConiHntius, being refolved to get rid of him, invites him and his w ife-Conilàn tinain to Ita 1 y, 11 » . AI or d e rs Do nut ¡an, w ho was fen t : by: the emperor to con - duel him thither, and commits other ncls of cruelty, ihicL Sets out from Antioch, is arreiled, and laymg moil of his crimes to the charge of Conitantiria, the emperor’s fifter^ he puts him to death, 12. G ARAM AN TES, their ii tuition,.probable account of their country, and defer:ption of thè ancient inhabitants, v. 240* Their manne: of werihio, &e, and^ red action by the Ro- ‘ ' ■ " - ~ M3.ARgrA^. 1 N 'B E '..Xi GAdROÎÂy fuçceçiis üïs father Alonfo in -the'kingdom of Spain, Xiî. 150V Makes ffifficcefstul’ campaign with his Brother agaffifr ffo^'Mx&rsÿ- r j ï i His death, ibid. ' v "V "■ ■ '■ ■ ■ GAffiÌBALD j fon a&d fficceffor of GffmOald, king of the ■■■■ Lombards.; vv 481. :■ Is driven from the throne by Mr Tarit, : and retires to Be he veif to y ibid. G A R T E R y faffitution of, trae feniè of ■ the - motto, - and: to what it was ovving-, xr. 68. GASTO 'N D E F O iX , genera! of Lewis.-XT in;Italy, Is {but by ì n d i agginit tbe confederates there, xi. 275. His ex ploits 2nd fuccelTes, and lofes his life i-n thè purfuit after a victory, ibid, G A T H , a dry of the PbiiiiKnes, the birth-place of the giant Goliath, h 236, Its various' forttriie, and Hrir conqueft by David, ibid. G A UT, Cæ faffs exploits and fuccelTes there, jv,-; 239,. ATeq. Its limits, v, 2S3- Temple hi if bait there, 2So. Chriltians per feeuted there, 3 11. Driven' out of it under Confiant ih è, ■ 3*2- , GAULSy-revolt from the Romans, and are ihbdoed by Csffir, iv. 247. Enter into a confederacy agrffiff their conquerors, and are■ again reduced by them, 248. Hi ft cry of thorn, to their coneueit by Julius Gæfar,- and to-the irruption: of the Franks, v. 283.Î-; feq. Their religion’ and worihip, &c„ 2 84, 285-» 290, & feq. Affinity between them and the Jews, 285- Manner of their offering human vîdïimsÿ 287. Superilitious obfcrvances, &c.ibid. Account of their Druids, and1 their esce five powers 292. Their government, Tre. 295-, & fed- Their language, contempt of foreign lea..1 - ingy love of poetry, huntings ètc. 297, & lëy Their difpofition, 300. Hiflory and t ran faction?, 301, Sr feq. Their war with Gelar, and redaction by him, gc5 —309. Revolt under Nero, and are defeated by V>rjn:us, and hùmb'îed, 3io . Are again reduced by Aorelim, gì r.j ■ G A Z A , â lordfhip of the Philiffi.nes, its bea-utifui firuation, ffrëngth, and fertility, i. zyy* Its frequent changé of maf ters,* and prefezit irate, ¡bid. GEDALIA-Hy governor of thè remnant of the Jews after the Bab y lorn fh captivhyy treacheroody murdered by Mbmae], i„ ■ ff29- G E L O N y ffift tyrant of Syracufe, takes up arms againfr the citizens, overcomes them, and feizes oh the foverefgnry, iii. 34-, 35. t.His alliance is courted by the .{fates of Athens phd Laced æmôrr sgaìnÌl' Xerxes, but his propalai of having ffie command of the forces rejedbd by them, 35. Defeats G 2 the I:’-NAD . EcX;' - the Carthaginians., who had invaded Sicily,; with prodR gious (laughter, kills their general Hamilcar, and- deftrdys their whole Beet and army, 36. He is greatlycareffed" by the people, and obliged by them to take the-title- of-king, 37. His excellent qualities and virtuous conductrafter - be ing railed to the throne, ibid. Encourages agriculture, and ihidles to promote the happinefs of his fubjetts, 38, His death, and exceiEve grief of the people thereupon,::vvho-de cree him great honours, ibid. G-ELLIA5 , a famous citizen of Agrigen turn, ihocked at the barbarity of the Carthaginians, coijiumes himfelf and his immenfe riches in the temple of Minerva, hi. 5 1. His-great hoipitality, and charity, ibid, note.- GENSER 1C, king of the Vandals, fuccefibr of Gonderic5 defeats Hermigarlus the Suevian commander, v. 374. In vades and almoft totally reduces Africa, ibid. Overcomes Bonifacius the Roman general there, and afterwards agrees to a peace with Valentinian, 375* Surprises Carthage; and makes a defcent on Sicily, and ravages the country, ibid. Takes and plunders Rome, 376. Is defeated at fea by Ricimer the Imperial commander, ibid. The two em pires unite againft him, but are uniucceisful in their expe dition, 378. Reduces Sardinia, and many other (Bands, and has Africa yielded to him by the emperor Zeno, 379. G EPID iE, their hiftory, v. 4 13, & feq. Defeat the Bur gundians, but are routed by the Goths, and afterwards by the Romans, ibid. They are conquered by Attila, and ihake off the yoke of the Hunns after his death, 474. Make war with the Lombards, who defeat them, ibid. They are reduced, and their kingdom put an end to by the Lombards, 515. GERM AMICUS, fon or Drufus, and nephew of Tiberius, is adopted by AuguRus, iv. 326, Reduces the Dalmatians and Pannonians, who had revolted, 328. He is made pro- conful at the requeft of Tiberius, 336. Quells 2 revolt of the legions in Germany, 337. Defeats the Germans in feveral battles, which creates a, jealoufy in Tiberius, 339. He is recalled from Germany by . the emperor, and has a magnificent triumph decreed him at Rome, 340. Is in- veffed with the provinces of the Eaft, but his death plot ted by Tiberius, 341. His noble behaviour under the in trigues and abufe of Pifo governor of Syria, and reduces Cappadocia and Armenia to Roman provinces, ibid. His tleath, fuppofed to be effected by poifon, and univerfal grief ■ thereupon, 342.. 2His.eldeft ion favoured;by Tiberius,.«344, . V;;Strahge death-of :hls nephew. DruinSj- ibid* : G E R M A N ladies,. remarkable exploit- cif them -to fave their. .-hiiibands .:at a', capitulation, viii. 437, ■■■■ G ER M A N S, hiftory of them, v. 3 13 —329. Said .'to'’he -of - Geitic:extracts ■ 313. V/hepce' calied'Germans, ibid* Their ' religion, 317. Deities,/ 318. . Lawsf governmsnt, and edit- . cation'of. their youth, 310, 320. Difpoftion of their armies, weapons,.-.iEivt difciplme^ .and puniihments, 321.-, ignorance of letters ana the fciences, 322. Exercifes, drefs, genius, . andvcharaCter, 323. Blamnd’s and fmpiicity of their tu ne ral s,a n d-mann e r of performing'them ; and., their exeeSive - fondhefs : for frrohg liquors;, 324. Early hiiiory obfcure, ibid. Fidl novation of the Roman territories by them, 325. . - Settlement of many of them in*GauI under Arioviif us, whom Cfefar defeats, 325, 326. They form an alliance againil; Caefar. and are reduced by hint, 326. They make an- i neuriion in to G aul, an d defeat a body of Romans, 3 2 7. Are Slaughtered by- Gerrnanicus,-328. They overthrow the Roman-empire in- tbe Weft, ibid. G E R M A N Y , limits of, it ,. and its■; various ■ inhabitants, v. 3x4, & feq. Valb fore.ifs there, chief rivers, . .arid, cities Erii:founded by the Rorhans, 316, 317. invaded by the GauIs, 325. And by Csefar, and Drufus, 32 7. ; Seat of the Weftern empire fixed 1 n it, 329. War with if by Mo- rad emperor of the Turks, who are defeated, viii* . 173, & feq. riiitory of it, 351, & feq. G ESH U R, description of the kings of it, and mofl probable account of its inhabitants, and reduction by the Syrians, i. xSr, 182. G E T A , fucceffor with his brother Caracalla in the Roman empire, iv. 521. ■ Caracalla conceives-an averfien to him, and endeavours to murder him, ibid. He is murdered at his interview with Caracalla, by> the centurions, whom he had appointed for that purpofe, 522. G E T U L IA , or G .E.T U LIA , boundaries of it, v. 238* G E T U L IA N S , their antiquity and mannerof"life, See. v. 238, 239. Account of them till reduced by the Romans,; 239. G IE E O N IT E S, their artful ilratagem to fecure the friendihip and protection of the Israelites, 1. 144. Rigorous treat ment of them as a puniilimen: for their deceit, ibid. G IB R A L T A R , taken by the Englifh and the prince of Heffe Damiftadt, xiL 284. G ID EO N , the fon of Joaih, appointed judge of lira el, de- itroys the altar and groves of Baal, and with 300 men, by G 3 the I -:1ST .13' "E." die e hr.fr fettled, 459. Spread th e ini el ves through Ger many. Re. ibid. G.ONDnRIC, king of the Yandals, makes war on the nueves, drives them, to the mountains, and is afterwards detested by Akerius, count of Spain, v. -374. Ruts .the : A nans In puiieiispn ..of .-Seville, and dies a m ife r ablcdea t h, ibid. GOR.DAS, king of .the Harms, concludes an alliance with j uitinian, and embraces the Clink; an religion, y. 342. He ^ ¡3 put to death by the populace, 343. G O ib0 1 A N , emperor of the Romans, his character, iv. 540.. Marries the daughter of Mihtheus, an upright tnuikber, and captain of his guards, ibid. He defeats Jap or king; of ■i-.eriia; 2nd obliges him to abandon the Roman dominions, 5 ar- He is deputed, and baiely murdered by the party or Philip, with wnom he was compelled bv the army to ihare the emoire, ibid. . ? GOTHISH t - x : ' G Q T B lS H ' kings wko rdgn£d in Spain, v :-.v. 27,9, 2So*-; -,fe'.f G O TH S, hi Lory of ' theiB, : Tìfìgoths iii £ pai aand : the Oferogotìis in.'. Italy, v. 345, & feq. . Th eir ; . Erfeaifefecond.m Diiti notion or them into : " dOftrogoths •:and -TlEgP-rhs;,- '34B. • Their -.migration/ijn to ■ £JerA:- ma ny ,& c . n rider^ Woden, 346, 347. ., The. Cii^b dans : and '' Saxons defeended from them, 347I Their cuiEonis, man ners, religion,/-/dréis, &c. ^ gy, 348. .Receive an annual pemion from the Romans in the reign of Alexander, and ravage Mcefia and Thrace, 349. They are defeated By thè Romans under Cni.ya,.. and reduced to great Traits, but afrerwar ds 0yereom eandm 2 ketfl emt rib.utary fib i d. Illyfi ca m, ^ Afe 2, an d AI ceda, svafeed, i mvajd eq -and ravaged by them , 350. Their defeent into Greece, operations, and dlitrefs . there, 351, Invade Pennon ia, break into Thrace, and are defeated by DÌGclehan and Cor.fbntine} 352. -...- Many; oh them .embrace :Gh:rìfei.anÌt\y: make an irruption into Thrace, and, their country, invaded by Valehs, yhha forces them to iue for peace, 353, 354. T h eir exploits, defeats: and fucceffes in the empire, 3^5, be feq. Rome plundered, by them, 35S. Overpowered by the Heims, but make oh their yoke, 3.63, 364. War betwixt them and the Squiri, 364, 305. T nvade f tal y and II lyric urn, from wh ì eli. they 1 a ré prevailed on by prefents to retire, 365. Defeat Ocoacer, 2nd behege and take Ravenna, 3ÓS. Make themlelves ma ilers of Italy and Sicily, 369. .GOGERNMEN T , civil, origin of. See C iv il govern ment. G RA N D CAIRO founded by Aahar, general of Al Moetz* cmliiF of Kairwao, vi. 465. G R A T I AN , fucceiior of Valens the Roman emperor, fends for Thecd-.fius from Spain, who defeats the Sarmatians,, v. 46. He declares him emperor, 47. Abandoned by his army, and put to death, 51* G R E A T M O GU LS, hiftory of them, from 1525, to the prefent time, vii. 459, fe feq. G R EATW A R A 0-1 N lakenfrom the Turks by thè Imperi- aliits under genera! Header, viii. 289. G R E E C E , bounds and extent of it, ii. 24-, Hiftorv of the leverai Rates of it, from the Achân leaguetolts diifolut.ion, 4p5 499' G R EC IA N hlfeory, ii. 242, St feq. GRECIANS, their various names, ii. 242, 243. G R E E K 2nd Latin churches, union of .them-, V. 210- C G 4 ' ~ GREEKS, T fi- D E- - X ■' G R EE K S, allowed by. Pfammiticbus-vto .fettledfineyEgyptii 'pf -- i the:■ mouill of the Nile, i. 105. Ancient, their..manners, way of living, Ac. ii. 243, 244.'. .Ah accounts of the famous retreat- of 10,000 of them■ under the' conduci of X e- .nopho'nj'-iii;.::i24'&-:-fe'q. Succeiles of them.againfhfhe.Mo- , ■:'i:fiemss^"yiv-'i:4594.:-ò&.,feq-... -Take .the city'.of Antioch, 46.30 ; Their great concur its in the: reign of the-emperor Nice- ;.-ph6rtiS; y4i64:. Aifrft Lulu, guardian of Eadaysl prince of . Al eppo, againil th e E gypt ian cal iff, and. deliver him from - their attempts, 486. G R E G O R Y X II. bifhop of Rome, exclaims againil the calling ■ an ceconornicai councilat Gcnfiance, lx. 52. ■/. — -----» VIE pope, cl aim s the crown. of Spain, x. 51. In- francos of his defpotic power and arrogance, 52. is op- . pofed in Italy by the emperor’s party, ;where he isieized by them, and let at liberty-by, the. people of Rorne, ibid. ; :De- pofed by the German billions, 53. - Claims the arrears of Peter-pence from William of England, . and requires him to pay him homage, ,53. His. great power 'in the North ■ and in Italy by his bulls and letters, 53, 54. The imperial bifhops pronounce lent enee of cepcsifion : againil; him, and ch a fa Clement II. in. his Read, 54. Kis war with the : emperor, and intrepid7behavior;r under his ill fuccefs, ibid. - He is beiieged in the caitie-■■■of St. Angelo, and relieved by . Robert Guifcard the Norman, 55. .‘His death,,ibid. See ■ alio voi. vis. 42x—424.. ■ ' — ------* IX . requires the emperor Frederic to: repair into the Koly Land on a crufade, who breaks with him, x. 92, His legate reiuied admittance into Scotland in that quality, 07. forms a powerful and fuccefsfui league againil Fre deric, whom he-obliged to retire, ibid. His death, 98. — ---- :----- :— X I. fucceiior of pope Urbantheatens ,Waidemar king of Denmark with excommunication, who m a laconic diiowns his temporal power,, x, 152,1 cy. His death, 154. ------X IL lue ceffo r of Innocent V IL in the popedom, his char a Her commended by proteÌtan.t writers, x. 167. He is depofed by the council of Pifa,, 169. ------X III. fucceffor of Pins V. the Roman ponti it, purities his predccefiorC engagements againil the Infidels, x.^ 282, Prevents Henry king of. Poland from granting indul- . gences to his proteftant Objects, 283. Encourages the. ex pedition ef Sebaitian .king, of Portugal. to Africa, . .where he lofes his life; and- perfuades Philip of'Spain.: to.-invade England and Ireland, 2S8. Accufed of employing aiTaifins tc murder Queen Elizabeth, 289.. His death, ibid. GREGORY GREGORY.. XV. fu.ccefibr of - P211FU. the Sonias"-pon-i nS, excitesLewis. XIH.:ng;amp: his ôwn and' the German / . proteftajits, - x.-gie ,1 EndeavoLirs: ro^;'prop£gate h.is reiigioii - : art d au tho rity by promoting the - match -feet ween t h e'fo n of James L anil the Infanta;, of - Spain, ibid. .Hisrdeatb,' 3 11 . ■ G U ELPH S, their,origin from GuelpK of S:ayaria, the fecond■ ■ ■ huâhd!-:0.f-MatiIda^¥inr4^4..- ■■. .¡.m yd h v G U ISE , .;.dukevQf9. ,'beiieges ..and takes Calais from- the Enb-' ii£h, xl. 335. Murdered, 349. G U ISES' in. France, their great power, xi. 304, Sc feq. They ■ are gained by the king of Navarre, 347. / ■. J . G U N D E B A L D , king., of the Burgundians, ravages'Liguria in a dreadful manner, v, 405. ■■ Caufes his brother Chilperic to be put to death, as alfo-his-brother Godigifeles j after de- : feating .him,, and dying, ..leaves, bis dominions-.to his fon, ibid. ■ ■ G U N T H E R , count of S cb w ar tz en her g, a Tburin-gian-nob la in an, cbofen emperor of Germany, ix. 33. Said.to nave been, poifoned, Ibid. G U S T AVU S A-D0 UPHU S,. k ing. of S wed en, h aving hid a plan’ concerted with England and Fran.ce for the reduction of the Imperial power, declares war againit the houfeiof Aufirria, and takes Rugen and-Stetin, ix. 15 7 . Invades Germany, and takes fcveral places, 15 S. Obtains polfef- fion of the ftrong fortrefs of: Spanclau, and is. joined by the German princes, 159. Defeats the - Xmperiahirs at the Battle of Leipflc, at which Tilly, being wounded, narrowly efcapes, 160. His farther conquers, and poiteihon of all the country from the Baltic to Lorrain, ibid. The elector of Saxony is jealous of him, 161. Enters Franconia,- and lays great part of Suabia under contribution, .16 1,-16 2 . Difcovers his ambition, by obliging the inhabitants of Augfbourg to take an oath of allegiance to him, 162. Pene trates into Bavaria, but is obliged to abandon it to relieve his ally the duke of Saxony, 162, 163. Is killed in recon noitring a ooffc at the battle of Lutz-en, i&a.

H. A D R IA N IV . faid to have been an Engl lib pope, difputes H between the Empire and the Holy See reiiewed in his reign, x. 62. Embroiled himfelf with William king of Sicily, ibid. H A FFE D , fultan of-Egypt, favours the Chriilians, and en larges their privileges, vii, 82. Remarkable inftance of his concern : : I- N J> . E-hX . . ^ c ^ ^ fbr têir welfare In Ethiopia, andxefefHon-.iB^rei" Upon, Sir-rSi. ■■ H ^ fiG A ij the prophet of the Jews, ftirs up- the -people to rebuild the temple of Jeruial e® , i. 433. He and Zechariah are overfeeis of the-work, ibid. HAM, Noah Y youngeii fen, the. fettlemerit of him -and his::; defeendants in diferent parts ;of Arabia, i. 4c, ¿c feq. ■ ; H AM ATH , kings of, accountof;.them and theircity im perfect, i. i8r. Suppofed-,tp he defoeaded from :the Cana- anitiih Syrians, ibid. .. . . H AM ILCAR, the Gartliagihian general, and fon of Gifco, ■ appointed to fuc.c.eed A gar hocks in the command ■-of the army in £ icijy, hi. 1,67, -His Aeet .difperfed by'a ftorm,■ and public lamentation thereupon, 167, l dS- - Routs Agatno- des, and obliges him .to retire to Geia, 168. . Befieges him in Syracufe, from w.h! ch he :makes his efcape, and- invades Africa, 2 68, 169. He is ordered .to. return from Sicily to Carthage, bote 0 n tinues there with rhe .army, 169. He is intlreiy.'defeated vrith great faugbter by the Syraeufans- taken p.nforAr,htortured, and put fo-death by them, 170. H a MYAE, one of the ..principal . kings. of the, Arabs, ac- ■ count of him and his deieendancs, vr 17 , 18. hQoihmuru- : cated his name to/the kingdom of Yemen, .17. . - - —— ------— kingdom pf, Ghriirian reIigion - euablilhed there by Najathi, king of Ethiopia, A. iS.' A viceroy ..ap pointed o v e r it by the king of Ethiopia j Iris miraculous de feat, and duration of that kingdom, ibid. ; HANNIBAE, the- Carthaginian gencra 1, andAinof Gifeo, has the whole management:of the. Syracufan war commit ted to him, iii. 48. Takes, burns, and razes Selim us,.and puts the ..Inhabitants to the fvvord; without diftinHion, 49^ Befieges Him era, where his army is put to fight with great daughter by the Syracuians, but at length.takes the city by ■ itorm, commits ihocking barbarities .therein, ar.h, razes it, ibid. Inveits A gri gen tu rn, and is foon after cut off by the ■ P^gue, .50, 154» 155 * ■' ' : V . ■ ■ ' " — ------fen of Haoulcar, the Carthaginian general, bears an implacable averfion to the Romans,-and fwears 10, be . an irreconciieable enemy to them, iii, 197. He is Tent for by Afdmbsl to Spain, and cbofen general of.the army, 199. His luce dies in Spain, ibid. The Sagundnes foiicit iuc- cour from the Romans again ft him., 200. He beiiec-.'S Sa- guntum, which is bravely defended, 20D, .2.0.1. Takes., that city, and ddtroys the inhabitants capable of b.eaiing arms, act. The Romans complain -of his conduct, und declars I- N .^ ,rE :^ Sedare war agairJt CaFthage,20 i, 202. His preparations : for carrying.op Reduces the na tions between the Iherus. and the Pyrenees j contirmes- his" marchj:. and panes .the .Rhone,- 203. : Is favoured by the ■ Gauls, who: oiler to conducir bis army into Italy, and; iup- ply their wants, ibid. Arrives at the Alps, and palies them^ haying loR the .grpateii: .part of his. army when he entered ln § Ífia s 204. -Takes Tauriitum h and puts- all in arms to: the fword,295, Attacks and defeats Pabiius the Roman confuí, . at Ticinns, ibid. Grains another vie- - tory over the Roman army commanded by .the confui T i berius Sempronius, 206. Marches into Etruria, and defeats and kills the confuí Flaminius, with1 great lofs of the; Ro mans, at the lake of Tbrai'ymene, 207.. Arms his foldiers after; the Reman manner, and. fends an account of his fucceiies to Carthage,. 208, Enters and ravages .C2m pani a, and by a ftratagem avoids.being intercepted by Fabius, ibid. Defeats^ Minucias, 209, Defeats the. Romans at the fa mous battle of Gánense, 210. The, blame call on him for not marching ibrait to Rome, not founded on reaibn, 210, ■ 2.11. Confequences of his great .victory, 2.11. . id is re verie of fortune laid to be the eifcch of, the luxury, and ef feminacy his army contracted at ..Capua, but proved to be o wi n gto th e.i.ntr i g a eso f; H an n o, 2 i 2. Extends his con quers in Italy, 2 14. Makes an alliance with Philip of Ma cedón, ibid. Ma^c.ellus gains an advantage over him, 215. Raifes commotions in'Italy, and is rep in fed from Nola by Marcellas, 217. The Tarentines .conclude a treaty with him, and admit him into their city, 218. Xntirely routs a body of 16,00.0 Romans, 219. Marches to the gates of Rome, ravages the nei£bbeuring . country, and riñes the ye triple of the. yodde is Ferori. i a, 220. Gains fey eral adva n- tag.es over the Romans, and jema ins bill formidable in Italy, 221. D scoy s M ar cell us and h: s colieg ue. into an ambufeade, where the former is ila:n, and the other mor tally wounded, 223- Suitains a great defeat by the Ro mans, 2.2.4. His great concern on hearing of the defeat and death of Afdtubal, ibid. The- confuí S cm piornas gains an advantage over him, 228. P.e called from Italy, and his grief and indignation thereat, 230. Account of the battle between him and Scipb, who proves conqueror, 231. Preífes his countrymen £0 conclude a peace with the Romans, and the terms of it, ibid. He has the odice of .prxtor conferred on him by the Carthaginians, and re forms feveral abufes at Carthage, 233. Detecting the 7 bauds - N- D Ë \X/ . , f-auds or the oiacers, his enemies■ plot bis rüif!,- excite thé ; ' -Romans : agamil him, and oblige him to leave th’e city, ■- ' ibid. Withdraws^ to the court of Antiochus,d;vHioni he prefies- to invade Italy, and 'endeavours to incite his countrymen againit the Romans, 234. gSBr' Conferen'ce betweeii.:; : him an . . HENRY, T N JJ E X. I f EN R Y 5. bu roamed theFowle?,' focceffof o f Gorrradç I .V s - fedts the Y andáis- with gréai fidughter, ifr Y jg o . "Account ■ of fers -great actions, 39 1, - R edscès' ■ the- Lofrilfeérèj who had-rebelled -agaiirif himyv.3^21 K î’à desdo add character, ■ :■ ■ 'ibid;-- '■■ ■ 4A - ; . : IL- emperor o f Germany, ■ red tides bis competitor . the duke .of. Suábtay v j u 408. ■ Yhe -sing òf Pòi arid' eaters ihtoar. afôcrsfeon sgainlx him, which- he drltolvesy 408, 409. .. Defeats the HoH&inersp-.vwho bad’, invaded- -thecem|>irey.-aftd ravages their countrr, 4OQ. - ;He marches- into' Bavaria, paites■ thè. Alpsy and is-crowned king of Lombardy at Pavia, ¿iQv .His wars“ with the Paiesy- dad- vietorv .ever them, ibid- Marches into Italy, and receives the Imperial crown, from the-popey premi ring fidelity to : him and- his fijeceSòrs, --4-1 -X.--X- 387 39;. Recbnqaers. Apulia:1-and Calabria, and. re fieres tranquillity to Italy, v::h 4.! 2. llis interview with Ro bert king of France, and des~h, ibid. '■ His character, 4 13. ■ -, ■■■ : il l . em peror of G ermany, his wa rs wi th the He n- garians, whom he. ■ defeats, ■ and is aeknovcl edged;- io vere: go . ■ of the kingGcm:, viri. 41:6;y Nominates the po p es y and ob- , liges the fenato and people of Some not. to chufe their popes without the content cf the emperors of Germany, . 4.1.7. Profeabie - conjedtuies . concerning, the wars between him and Andrew king of nungaty, 4 1S. His death A and characler, 419. . — —:—* IV . ; far named;.-- the Great, emperor o f Germans, barbarous and depraved diipofition of his fubjecis at his ac cedió n, viu. 4.19. Applies himfelf to the reformation of ab ufes in the empire, 420. : Deipifes the infolent fumfeions of the pope, and is thereupon diffreifed by the Saxon Races, arid an affociatidh of German ecciefiafiicks, ibid. Forms a counter-party in the empire agamic his enemies, bur, be ing deferred byr his fubjectsy is reduced to /great- diffrefs, 4 2 1. Defeats and red trees the rebel: io us Saxons, arid is per fee uted by th e .pope, to whom he makes • fubmifilon, ibid. Is again cited by the pope to appear .before,him, which he re ferns, and pronounces fenten ce o í deprivation sgai rift the pope, 422. His abject humility and penance, ibid. Defeats, and death of his rival: Rodoiphy- to whom pope Gregory had given the empirey îg. : Takes-Rome, and places Glenient on the papal throne, ibid. State of bis affairs in Germany and Italy, 424. His: fort Henry rebels againff btm’j and declares himfelf emperor, 426. He is depofed with great indignity and-; barbarity, ibid. Eficaces to LiegCj where feverar princes of the empirei tak- I N D E X, jng part with hkn, b e defeats-his.^.u^ Ton, and-rcd- ...covers his-affairs, 427. - His death, andvGhara£ter, ibid. HENRY■ :-¥:V-fiirBamed-:'-.the7--Young, emperor of .Germany, -difputes the right o f Inveffiture, and..applies -to- -Philip king of France for his mediation, viii. 428, ' ; ; ■. Hi s -wars' with -¿Hungary- and: Poland, 429. Forces tHe pope to grant him the right-hf inYeffitnre^ which heing difaTowed'in-the La- teran ’council, his G ef man fubjeths rebel ; againff him, . ib id-, :He is excommunicated, and after ward s marches- with an ■ - army to; Rome, and drives the pope from thence, ;430. : Nominates a new pope on the death of Pafehal, ibid. ; He and his •: anti-pope Gregory V III, are excommunicated by Calixtus II.4.3T. His; comprcmifewith; "the;pope, -and the terms, of it,. 432. : His death, and character, 433. ■ - ... - V I. fucceiTor of Frederic BarbarolTa in the empire of Germany, infolence of the pope at his 'coronation, viii. 45S, • Undertakes an ex p e di tic n -2 ga in itN ap 1 esand Sicily . contrary to the pope's prohibitionV'-which is- attended; with the ruin of his army, 459; --Detains -Richard- I. king of England in: chains, fromrrnercenary views, 461-. Exacts an i thm enfe fum for - hi sr anfom, ib id R ed u ces .Naples^: Apulia, and Calabria, .arid takes Palermo by: fform,; where he exerclfes ho rrid : cr u el ties : on. the - inhabitants, 46 2. His barbarity to the f am i ly ; of T a n cr e d, ib id.; T h e S1 dii a n s revolting from him on account of his cruelties, he agrees to; terms with them, which he; perfìdiouÌly breaks, 464. The emprefs ffirs up Jordan!,, a Sicliian nobleman, to con- ipire a gain if him, whomhe takes priforier, and puts to death with the moil exq u ifite torments, ibid. The : emprefs ex cites an i n fu rreciion again it him, and: fhuts him up and b c- iieges him in a cable, 404, 465.; His; death, . and:' cha racter, 465. - ————- I. king of France, his great character, and eira- bliChment: in -his dominions', -by Robert duke of Normandy, x. 450. Rebellionagainff him, which he quells, 441. In vades Normandy, and his jealoufy of-duke:-. William o f Nor- - mandy, 442. Hìs.death, 443...... — ------:—VII. of England, in vades France, - and- lands, at Ca lais, xi, 257. Concludes ;a treaty with Charles, ibid. —- V ili, king of England, trahfàcHons between him and the pope relating to bis divorce, x. 279, 25c. He is excommunicated by Enters into am alliance :wi tb Ferdinand king of Spain, in order to oppofe;Francis,; xi. 2S4. His fri en dihip is courted by Charles and'Francis, ghd gained by the former,. 28?. Has an interview''with f:;;N " D . E 30 i-’rar'cis, 289. Attaches-himfeif to the Imperial interest, . 291. . T/ ar ■ b ct'ivuer. him and Francis, Vo id. He "¡is lb clned by ■ - the conitabit; Bourbon and ithe emperor. 292. .■ Con-'■' eludes a treaty ^kb- tbemegentiof.-France;'umo' engages to pay him 2,coc.oocv-crowns of gold, 296. The pope, be ing forced ;o take violent mcafurcs agakbt him. he flakes off the papal voice, and begins the reformation, 305. , H E N R Y V. Ting; of'-England, threatens to renew the claim, of, Harvard I IT. to the crown of Franee, xi. 163. . Invades Fra nee, takes ITarSeur, ;an d preekf m $ h; m (el r‘ a. competi tor for the crown. 1,66. Is ¡reduced, to a. miferaole ft ill ation in France, ibid. Defeats 'the.French at the battle of Agincourt. 167. Hr$ far.her fucceUcs and cor.queits in France, 170. 173.. Takes M e I un, .and behaves Yith bar barity to Brabaibn the governor, and other brave men, 1 77. -.State of his affairs after the conquer! of France, 1 79. Returns .to. England,:, and h-s in te re it in France de clines, ibtdv Renews the war with the French, arH-fubdues great .part, of the country, - Si. ------— II, king of France, his -diipo.iltlon, and unfavour able views towards the emperor-.'-Charles V. and the Eng- life, xi. 322. Supprefits and puni&es a rebellion in his kingdom,' 323. Continues;,rhe' war ¡with England in the reign of Edward VI. ibic. .Buys Boulogne by treaty’of the Engl i fe, 324.. - His war... with- Engl a nd in the reign of Philip and Mary, and his defeat by the Engilfe, 333, 334. Killed at a tournament, by the count be Montgomery, 339, Elis charadter, and iffue, 340. ------— IH. king of France, condition cf the: French. court, at the beginning of his reign, xi. 369. MHiaeres his proteilant ibbjecrs, 370. His odious civ?, rafter, and qualities, ibid. He narrowly escapes .being made priloner by the proteffants, with whom, he continues the war, 37 r. Declares himfelf the herd of the holy, league.'againlt the Hugonots, 3.73* Inilitutes the order of the. Holy Ghcfr,. 375. His ridiculous manner ot living and government, 380. His infamous accommodation with rite leaguers, 382. His rneannefs with refpect to the league, and is impeached for the murder of the duke cf Gu;fe, 393- *s ailadinated by a Jacobine frier, ibid. Mis character, 394.. ---- -— IT . king of France, fur named the Great, his defeent, xi. 394- He is reduced to a diitreikh ntuanon by the ie- ceffon of the duke of Epernon, and is fuccoured by queen Elizabeth, 396. Defeats the cuke of Maine, and acknow ledges the bravery of the Englife. at the battle in a letter H to I N D E -'-X. to queen Elizabeth, 397. -Raife's- the fiege 'of Pans,- and ■ gains,the battle of juri, 398. Befieges■ Pafis- again, which is relieved by the duke of. Bar ma,. 399. Difobiiges -qtieeii ■ T- Elizabeth by .not 'undertaking ■ .the;.:.fiege:^‘oT■ ^:Roùèny!v4òí;^■■■:■■■■. His 'great danger from' a detachment bof sfifebenemy 4‘and-: ■ narrow «.(cape,403. Elizabeth’s Ter vices to him, 404. Bre con cites hi mieli to the church "of Rome, 406. 'His -pro - ■ .■ again il" thè. leaguers, 408, 409. His other fucceilès, ■ and humbles the pope, 410. is attempted to be aiFaiB'nated, : : Viglio ' is recoiiciled with the duke . of Maine, 4 13 . ■ His glorious campaign, 4 17. PaiTes the edict of :;Hants,hbidv Taxed with ingratitude by Elizabeth for concluding the - meace of Verviris with Spain, 418. H is‘plan of government ■ formed by the afilftance o f Sully his pnme-miniEeFf giQ. Revival of his difficulties: from the lords, which are fo- ■ fhehted by the duke c f : Savoy, whom, he ‘attacks and re- ■ duces, 421. His ‘narrow: efcapes- from a Saffi nation?. edvp*o L Toil, 422, Is invited to an interview on the fea by queen. Elizabeth,: which he declines, out Tends' -lord .Biron. to ■ Eh gland to co mpl im ènt ■ that p r i ncefs, 4 23 . -■ H is -weakn efs, : and perpiexed iituation, " 424. Congratular ions On his 'efrape from the dangers that thrèat erred vhiin,: 420,7 His: concern at the death of queen Elizabeth, and alliance and man a geme n t with J antes 'her fu ccefibr, b y Su' 1 y, 427.' ‘Pro - pels the : Tetti cm ènf . of Canada,, w hich: is : op.u ofed : by hi s in in ¡filer, and thought, to be detrimental to Frahce,.r4'28. . D i i co very a n d . p u niffi men t 0 f t h e co nip: racy .0 f: his ini ft refs and her family, 429. His vexations ;froni the:protefi:antss Ibid. F reiki con fp I ia c Ics, agai nit him, and... t he ir: detectio n ' and puniiliment, 430- Imitates ' 'queen . Elizabeth in his government, 431. Differs with his min liter Sully, in hav ing more enlarged and public fpirked views, 432. His private umiàpp:n.efs, . and criminal pain.on. for : the 'young princefi of Goade, 4 33• Account : of his grand Tenérne,. for humbling the'houle o f: A ufiria, ibid. His ridiculous in- ' tr igne w ith t h e .pri nee is o r C Onde, : and ch rid iihncfi7 on c if- ' cppomtment, 434,''435.' Account of his vait armaments for the carrying on his great fcheme, 435. Inward cread ' Of his untimely end happening in a coach, ibid. Corona tion of his queen, anti preface oi his death, 436. Rela tion of his murder by Raviilac, ibid. His chara6ter*and ' blue, 437. ^ H fN R Y toe Li on. duke of. Saxony, ishccuied oEtnifbehawour sta dictor the ernpire, by meanàof the emperor'Frédérici; a I N ? Ì3: E X. âne ifnpa fed c'a him. end i? put to the ban of the oihpirA ■. ■vîh. 452. ' fA'fes un -ilmiy avdygerects' rds en e nies.. bet is ... -diipPîïèSed of alrnoit ali his effects. ic:.;L Retires to England, '. ■ where iiis'fën-'Wdâini,; the ancestor of the preterit hôhfevot B.ûnûvic, was born, 453. .' If H E N R Y 1 court "of Trauilamara,' proclaimed ■■ and crowned bkdngof C sitile, xii. 200- is defeated by the Black prince, who tided w-ith don Pedro, and fees to France, ib:d. Proves ■' victorious over his brother "Pedro, and . kills him ' with his own'hand, 202. His wife ad-n’niiVctl-cn, and warlike: ex - picks, ibid. ■ His death,.. fuppofec sc be oscadoned by poi- ■ ion, 20?. ,.•■ -’ . o . ;—:— :—— ill. ion and .fooceSb-r.-of Juan, king cf - Caft;’.e, dif- feniions in the 'beginning; of his .reign, and defeat of the ■ Moors,- xii-, 205.- Takes the reins of gover-nrunt into his c\vn hands, ’and by-bus fuiriisd ccncu-ct and Arm n efs -breaks -the exorbitant power cf che r. coles. ccó. His death, by a ftow poifon, 30?. Ki 5 •cher Aker, ibid. ------— -IV. king of C-afeife, recovers Gibraltar from -ths Moors,-sii. 2 13 . Hi? difHcuMes on account of the mar riage of Ferdinand and -Ifebeliu, and: reconciliation with •t-hem, 214, 215. Hid death. 226. H Ë R A C L Ë A, befieged.by die Romans under the conni! A d ii us, ii. 512. G'aken by (tra ta rem, and -the citadel, ibid. H ER A CLi D ËS, appo In ted -comma rid et of the -S y raç u fan fleet, influences the people agdnft Dion, HI. 73. Surrenders him fe:f to Dion, and in treats-his pardon,: which Is granted ■ him, -jh. Oppohng the torch of government -propoied to be eitabiithed. by Dion, and endeavouring to -ittr up -the people sgainit him, he is murdered by-his order,d-b;d. H E R A C L iU S, declared emperor of -Conita nitno.ple, com mands the tyrant Phocas to be put to a cruel death,, v. 122.' "Marches 2 gain ft the Pent ans, who treat-hH a mb alia dors ■with- great inhumanity,-123- In ve des Perka, and- gains a ■ great--victory, and' other konildetabie - ad vantages -over toe enemy, ibid. His fart her -fu c celles - agai nit teem, -r 24-. --£* * m- *b races- the' dottrine of the Mono the! nes, and neg?eels me aifalfs -of-the "empire, 125- His great -attachment'to-his heretica 1cpinicn, which no -enueavours iorcibi-y to erta du ih, ■ burl-s-prevented hr death.- ibid-. HERCIÀL-ES, the -ion cf Alexander by Barline, ■ declared king of the Macedonians, Hi. 324. Is coHpired again it byyCafiander and Polyfpcrchon, and bafely murdered Ay the- Utter, ibid. ' ’ H 2 ■ -HERE- ■ , I N D E X , HER ED IT AR Y prince of BrunfWic,:: defeated by the- French,; ix. 272. ■ His brave action at £rfurt,;and excellent beha viour of Elliot's hcrfe, 273« HERMON:, : inomit, its extraordmaryfleight,. and celebrated ; - in the Pfalms for its refreihing dews, V 210. H ERO D , being made governor of Judea,: fuppreilesthe: rob bers there, i. 484. The Jews caufe him. to be tried before /■ thefarihedrim, in v/hofeiprefence he-appears,m and an fivers with boldnefs and threats j but is afterwards obliged to 5 y ■ to: I) amafch s:b ibid * ■: He and h is brother Phafael 2re accufed ■ ;by the Jews to Mark Antony, who favours them, 486. Plies again from Jerufalem to Egypt,: and arrives afterwards at Rome, Where he is created kingof Judea,-487. - His ■ fucc efs in Gablee, 48 8. Marches with a powerful army to Jerufalem, where he marries Mariamne, and obtains poiTef- fion:of that city, i n which the Romans make a great fiaughter, 489-. : Begins his reign tyrannicaIlyvWnd;putssiGydeatb . all the fanhedrim except two, 490.:: Caufes Ariftobulus the young high - p r iejd to be murdered, for which he is fum.- moned before Antony,-.-and;^hcquittedg,i49-r.- Fatal diiTen- . Eons in his family, 491, &: fe q. P u t s Mariam ne unju f t ly to death, is:flung, with bitter remorfeEandrAlIsIdiftraSedi:. ■ at the redeciion of it, 494. Exafperates the Jews againif him by his cruelties and pagan cuftcms, ibid. Rebuilds the temple in a magnificent manner,,496. Is;itirred up; to jealoufy againit his two fons by Mariamne, and at length inhumanly puts them to death,: 497, 498.' i Murders the young children, and puts to death his fen Antipater, 501. His miferable end, and horrid expedient to caufe a mourn ing at His death, 5.0.2, 5.03. *------AN TIPA S baniihed by the emperor CaiustoFrance, J* 534 '*. ■ _ H ERU LI, their original, and different fet dements, v^ g i 5* Their manners and cuiloms, 415, 4.1.6: Ravage Alia and Greece, and are defeated in IJ-yricum by GaTer.us, 416. Subdued by the Gilrogotbs and Hunns, ravage Biicay, and are overthrown by the Lombards with.gre at u a ug Kt er ,i h i d.. Murder their king, and fend for one. from. Thalevor.Scan dinavia, 41 j . T h ey p ro vo.k e J ill: in 12 n, who d ri ves them and their allies the Gepidce out. of the empire, but is af terwards reconciled to them, feme of whom embrace: the Chriilian religion, ibid. HESHA M,. fon of Abdolma!ec, and brother of Yezid bus predcceiTor, is recognized as cali-fF, and improves his do minions, vi- 265. invades the Greek empire, and lays T c N '- .D : E;..X. . r S.sghto.-Nicsa In .Bithyniay ;>vHich ;'he is obliged, to raife, 255. . Character of his general Moilim, and: his fucceiTcs againit the Turks, ibid. Opprefnons of his governor Okca in Spain, 269. Rebellion againit 'him', and defeat of his troops, 271, Hiitory .hieiit concerning him after that event, and why, ibid.- v T o - i H E Z E K IA H , .king of Judah, his piety, -- and; zeal: for1 the worfhip of Gcci, i. 4 19 . Succefs thereupon, 420. His conduct with refpcdt to his. alliance with the king or Egypt, / 42 r. Elis life miracu’ouily prolonged, ibid. . Signal deli— verancc irc-m Sennacherib, whole army, is ceitroyed by an angei,:.4-22.--';:-.' His. death, and character, ibid. HI ERO, eider brother and fucceilbr of. Gel on,., king, of the Syracufans, his .0dious chare cler,: ii!.., 38....; W ar between ... him and Theron tyrant o f Agrigenturn, ibid. . Expels ..the ;. inhabitants of: Nanus and Cacana from-, their country, and /engages, in a new war with the Agrigencir.es, whom he de feats, 39. His death,.ibid.' f.. f ;, 9 ; ~------.— the natural ion of Hi.erocl.es, and defcendant of Gelen. chofen commander of the: Syrae ufuns, iii. 91. Gains the atfeclions of the people; by his wife conduct, ' ibid. Extirpates the mercenary troops by a Eratagem.;. re- b-;vive.s: the militarv difcipline, and defeats the.Mamertines,; 924 ..Declared1 king of 'Syraeufe,-and-again ;defe.at3'.the:iMa- mertines,, who. agree to put-. MeTana . into .his..hands, .ibid. Beileges MeiTana, which is relieved by the Remans, who - defeat him, 93. Conclude? a 1 a king a ihance with the Ro - mans, 94. 1 .78..; Happv eiFedts of his wife government, 94, 95. : Noble .Inft.ance of his generefity.:and attachment to t he Ro man s, 95, 96. His kind ne fs. and li beta! ity to the diitreiTcc ■ 'Rhodians, ; 96. His public works, and wonder ful galley, built under the direction of Archimedes, 96, 97. H is. prefents to .Ptolemy king o f. Egypt. 97. His death,: ibid. HIERONYMU 5 , crane1 ion and fucceilbr of Hibro dc'in^ of Syracufe, his vices and cruelty, iii. 98. Receives the Ro- > man ambafiacors f with ■ ■ contempt,' and railkes them, 99, IOC. .Enters into an alliance with Carthage, and rejects the friendly. propofals of the Romans by an unpolite and . provoking aafwer, 100. He is .murdered',., ibid. . 9"■ H ILD EBRA N D ,,, gfaridfom and: uicceiTor of Luttprand in the .. kingdom of Lombardv, .. being found unequalto the charge, ' . :.is depbfed, after a reign of feyen mont.hs,: v. 488. .. HIPP ARCHU.S. and Hippias, ions of P iiiitratus, fucceed. their father in the fovereignty of ;Athens, ii-.307.9 Harmodius. H 3 V'f. andk 1 N T> E'-'X? and A rift ©git on confplre lagal nft.. them, ibid,'. Hipparchus ■ is mu rde red by th e con fpir a co rs, 3 O S. ■ Hippi as ■ and' -tbs' reft of the Pififtratxd^ expelled Athens, and the democracy A- reft 0 red. 309. The Spartans attempt in .vain to reftore Hip- ■ pjas, 310. "He conduces the Periians to Marathon, 312.; His. death,- being fiain in the action, 313. His: wives. and i b e , ibid. : Note. A. .A ■ HEP f O CRA T ES, the celeb rated Greek ph y lie i an,; great ho nours conferred on him. by. the Athenians for his unwearied.., ail; d bit y ■2 nd ■ -a iTifi an ce a?' the dread-ful ■ p I ague at .Athens, ■ ii , 3'. 1. Here. .. . A—— ------—-■and---Epieyd.es, - the ambafiadors of-H annibal, in Sicily, are c h o fc n p rs to rs, s r.d prevc n t=- a n-al Han ce of the. Syracuians. vrith . the Romans,, 3iu 1-03. Thee begin hof- ■ ■ tilities, againib the .Romans,, a. detachment of whom are cut,-. ■ to pieces by -Hippocrates, I.guu They ere chofen generals . of the- ibecn tints, ibid. Their isru:a-/,.;:n to promote the CarthagHiAn lnt erdd,' 105r £0 ter- Ayract*fe;■ by -furprife, ■ . a nd a re ■ dec Hired .p rse t or s,. 106 a .They ^prevail on Archi- nieu-.s, . to-:undertake the defence of f■ yracufe, i-c5 - . Hi p-.- pocrates,'.- .d¿.feared ''-by . M arc eilus, ■ u oS:■ .*■ ■ Their ..- ill •. fuecefs-: ■ againft ■ the Romans, aid death of Hippocrates by the ■ piggy©, 111. Epicyde;, beingdcferted by the G2rthagtnians,■ £les to Aghigentuai,..H.i2 . He is deM ieaby .Marceil us, 1 15. H T T T iN , the. deciiive battle©f, ©.between Saladin and the . ■ Chrill.;ar.sc0ir.mandtuby R ay rhon d,, EuHgnan, -and Rcnaud, &c. ■ gained by the1'T uAcs, who exercife igrent barbarity to -. wards the vnnquiutcd, vii. 12.9— 1 7 1 . - EIOI-T-AHD, ancient hiftory of it, ix. 299, fc ieq. Origin of .Armin:airi-fm there, 34.7.. Rev; va 1 of religions diiTenfions ■ in it, 3.0 2.429.- C dm. rs erciai ; d ¿Here n ces b ec ween ■ it - and England-,- 4.34^4.3.5, ■ ■ _ — ---- -—:—:—. Stares of, their i did retied irate under': .the prince o: Orange, ix. 30S. JmiAore the protection of queen ;. Elisabeth,. 3-0-9.' Sha befriends them, 310. - They are jea lous oi' the duke - of .Anjou, who Arses on. many places, ; b si--is obliged to ■ - q u ir his- -. govern me nt,3 : 9. ;■ Increafe' of ■ their naval -power,; 325. . . Tneir difference with queen Eliza beth, and her. demands,a-jiS, ■ ..Her comp) a in ts or the m, ■and their tre a ty ■ vy11 h th at pri nee is, an d the fubftdia ry a r-■ . tides, of it, .33-0, 331. 7'nev are jealous of prince Mau rice, whom they order to ngKt the Sparrith general Men doza, who retires, 333* ’Receive, an ambailado-r.from Athe king of Ac hem, 337. They apply to James I. of Eng- land, ivh o 1 ncl i n es to fa your -them, but negotiates w ith the 5 " §paniards^ I K: D E x; ■■■ Spaniards, 339, They are threatened by an inraiion o f the imperiaìiirs and Spariiards,. under coa he .Tilly, - and'- are". .'Teijiiireg ' to evacuate. ijulieramnd C leves,'362,•.•3:63; ' T h eir■ alliance with ,the. French king, Lewis X iil. 3Ó9. Dif ferences between them and the prince of Orango, which are attended whh great -.commodons, ' 379. '■ ■ Account - of: ' their affairs io .lóy.'i. 38#-, & íeq. See D u.t c à ;... ^ O L S T E Ì:iNi ..',4.“ lse-?f* ■■his.- intrigues, and complaints of in tuiti ce ivi th r els t: on to the ac celiai, n of th e d. achy of S lef- wick to -the crown of Denmark, xii. 562, 563.. . H O LA G H O S T , its defeeni on the auoillcs at Jcrufakrn, . i. .53G- The bleTed effects of it, by the. converilon of 8000 to the faith, 5 3 1 ^ H O L Y L E A G U E , for the fup.port of the catholic, religion agalnit the growing power, of the prou-itants, its inititu- tic-n, xl, 373’. Ccuiukation of the.heads of ir, 380. , Sup ported by the. king of Spain, 392. Abandoned,by the in ar ili ;;1 de la Ch altre. an,d. prog refs again if it by Henry king of France, 40S. H O R A C E , prince of the. Latin lyric poet?, in the reign of Augustus, his death, focn after ■ iv! cereras, his. patron and benefadfor, i\\ 3.2-3.' IIG R IT ES, in ha b Ì ta n ts.bé Amount SHr, th ei r . co un try afterwards pohdieJ by the Edomites, i- 131. HÒ.SEIN, thè furviv i n g head o f. the I. hop fe o f A lì, opcodes Yezid the calxir, whom he leeks upon as an uíurper, vi. 199. W alid, in a laconic letter from Yezid, is directed to inilft that he conform to thè inauguration,. 200... Gufa de clares for him, 201» Con ip ì racy in favour of him, 202, 203. He mar ches towards C u fa, and is fu r rounded,;': with his party, 2C2, 2C4. He is reduced to great icralts and dif ficulties, 205: Remarkable cir cum dances of his death, and refeclion upon it, ace—-208- HOSHILA., and Tutemur his brother, fucceed Yefun in the Chinefe and Mogul, empire, vis. 3S0. Management of the fatter, who is fuppofed to. have pur.Ho&ila to death, and is made foie emperor,'38 1. H U G H , count of Arles, declared king of Italy', and crown ed* at Pavia, x...26. He is ignominicuily expelled by Albe rie fon of M arozk, but. afterwards co mp rom i fes matters with Rodoìph, and totally defeats Arnold of. Bavaria, ibid.. The Romans, who lived after a repubkeen manner, defend themfelves a gat nil: him, and force him to retire, 27. His fue-, iteifes, and defeat oí the Saracens, ibid. He is difpoílVfíéA H 4 by I H:: D £ by . Berengar,. and retires into Burgundy, where he'turns ■; non.i and dies, 28. . ■ HULACIT, brother , to the -chief khan of- the- Tartars, "and governor of the Weitem part of that: empire, undertakes the . conqueiT of Baghd ad, vu, 2630 Subdues, and ester - min at e s th e lima el i an s or Aiikuins, ■■ 26 4, 2 65- A dv2nces . againil Baghdad, ana prepares to befiege.it, 265—267. Continues the hege, and iV treated \virh by:the- ea 1;tf, ?267. Takes the cirybyftorm, and puts the califf to-a Barbarous; death, 268. ---o' ■ v u- KTJNNI AD HS, a brave and fortena te ..genera! agalnil the : T arks, bis char acre ruvi:i> 80. He is choftn adrniniftrator of Hungary, tx, -66. Defeated by the Turks, 67. His fon Mat thir.s C er.v in us cheer, kin g b y the H up gari ans, 7 1. H U NKS, their bn c ten:' hi nor y, v. 329. & ;fe q. :T heir ori ginal fettlement, and' deicripticrv of their country, 329. Their Ravage manners, and conqueits over the A: 1 a ns and ; Goths, 33°, 33 i . Ravage h ie.bpotanha and Thrace, and ad le r-.v mbs Serve in the Rcoisn army under Stilicho, 332. .Äffift the-iiih.rp.er Jobn: ch'theideathfbf -Höhoriusyâpd;nb- tain ■ pofieni-oh of Pacnonra, 33'', jV.i;\ Arhus againil the ■ Burgund-iansAand oblige the Goths to raife che hege of Nar be nne, 333- 334- Theyoexadl a Yearly-peniian"from .ithe Romans In the reign of Tr.codc.itus iL 334. 7'he ex ploits of their kings, ihidn&Teq. Seme of them iubmit to. the .Romans, and are protected,'- abb .allowed feedements , arnengir them, 342. They break into --the- empire,' ibid. Ravage Thrace, Greece, and lilyricurn,. nn.d are rohted b.y Beliihr;us, 343. Their Rate and :Tei de merit in the. reign, of Charles the Great, who inanny reduces thoie in Pan nen;?, 344- - "" HU5 RYH U , general or the emperor Shcvvfu, his great vir- . tu.es, vii. 333. His brave defence of Juningfu, 334. Drowr.s himfeii on hearing of the death of his:;-fovere.igns 335 - ^ \ ; . '■ „ " KUSo, John, profehbr of theology -in the univernty of Prague, and convert of. the ifngdih W'.ekiiff, forerunner cf the reformation, favou red by the efnperor Wencchsus, ix. 47. SuftVrs death at :t-he -flake with Terome of Prague, by order of the emperor Sigiirnumd 2nd iris councii, 54. ■■■■ ■ BÜ SSR YU , fon and fucceiTor of Sen, or Solcyman, in the empire of Perfui; it rat a gem- made ufe of by his mother to induce him to drink wine, v-ni. 20, 21* His magoiBeencs In buildings-and equipages, and abandoned government^ I N -p E x«\ ' - - . 2 i. ■ Is. betrayed by his/fay ourites-, 25. -.. His-: armies are de- . .. feated, and he- lofes toe province :of Sberwan, 26. Defeats ■ Mahmud, . who had befeged ■ Ifpahan, 23* His ioiles, ■:and ■ ■ diitreis, 30. I? reduced to a miierable condition, and caps- ■ tulates with Mahmud, 3 1, 32. •. End of his reign, and character, 33. .vy;///.-; y//;' /■ V': f 'HYRCAM ,; reftbred ■ .to the..■ porriinGal. /dignity,,/■ arid ;dec1;afed'': ; ■.'..r prince ;by. Pompey, but tribtitary toy Rome, '1/481. Meets . . with oppofition from Alexander, who makes incurfions into . . Jiidea, ibid.' . His friendibipy to Herod, and tranfadtions ih -Bis reign, 484, & ieq.: Is beheaded by him, 492.

I duBALLA, an Arab prince, being, fen fenced by:-Omar the f cal iff / to make retaliation to : a . 'Mpflem of mean ra nk, . whom he had beaten, dies to the. emperor Heraclins at Con- . y. hantinople, and joins him, vi. 107. Abu Obeidah endea vours In vain to detach him from the emperor, 2nd attacks .; isim with. tne lefs of three of his bell generals, 113 . His: cone act with refpcct to Kalsd, and his train, at an interview ■ //with the Greek, emperor, 114 . A y./y/y JA C G B , the ifraelkifla pat ri arch, his birth, i. 304. :Is de- /./ ceived by Laban,. marries Leah, and afterwards Rebekah, ■ ,'306.. Leaves his father in-law, and proceeds on his jour ney to Canaan, .but . Laban overtaking him, they make a t covenant together, 3C7, 308..: AVheflles:: withyari fangel, -'. . : who. c hang es; his n am c to I fra el, .309. y Interview w i thy.; an d ki rid rc cepticr. by, his brother £ fa u, : ibid. p urges, his.; .. heufehoid cf idols, .' and. .buries. Rachel and Ifaac his father,... y 309, 310.. ■;. Goes;,witif yhis family to his . fon Jofeph then.; governor or Egypt,. 31,5.. . His requeft; to him concerning: his burial :g the blefings he heftows on h:$ fobs, and . pecu liar ones to Jofeph and Benjamin, 316— 318. His death, . pompous funeral, and; great mourning for .him, 319. / ; JA G O L E O S , ..kings'of Poland, their rii'e, xii. 616. JA M E S,; the apoiUe, furnamed Boanerges, beheaded by order • ydfyAgrippa, i. 1.536. . yi..;.';'-y ---- L king of England, favours the Spaniards,' and flights the fbtes, ix. 391. Ke is di (gutted 2: rhe treatment of the Spaniards, and taxed with pulillanimity, 343. by.hr -—----- 11. king cf Great Bri ain, breach between him and the Dutch. :x. 425. Prepares for war with the prince or Orange, ibid, y His dominions, invaded by/the .Dutch,, who ciiregard LiSvth rbats: br tprpmifes, y4 a 6 , ,T"A ’KTY’*- I . N ',P ; E ■ -X; JA N E , queen of ivapies,-;-oHiges: Ja her hgibandio aML oâ.tè' the vgovernnient:, x. 172. Confederacy: .agatnâ - her, s72s-173* Shares herdomlnioxis withAI phqn fogland:takes Si'orza into her fervke, 173*- Her ' death,, and 'adoption: -of Regniefiof. Anjou, 176. _ _ JA N S E N ,' Peter, a Dutchman, his .{hip, bush in resem blance of Noah’s. ark,.,at 'fi rfi 1 idicu led, but-afterwards, ap- ■ proved of, u 24... Note. . JA N U S , temple,of, -£hut the fsccnd time in .the. fixth year after'the'Carthaginian war, and opened five, years - after ward sby a tvar. whh.ihe.lilyrians,.iv. rfig.;,; ,. JA P A N . if!and of, expedition again h it . by. Kublay, emperor ■ of the Tartars,, vii. 3.61. Attempt againit. it . renewed by him, hut laid afide by .means of the Mandarins, 304. JAE.H ET, the eld eft,ion of Noah,.hlfiGr.y: of fiis::defoeadanA? a no the -.o.o.un tri e.$. fetilté by bis pofterlty,. I. 38— 41. IB R A H IM , brother and .iaeceiTor. to- the . cHiff;' Yezdd • I I I . is eppofed bv Merwan,.. vi. 277. His general Sc1 eyrnan defeated by his rival, 278. Pots the two young princes, ffons. of Waller Eis..^r.«l.é.çe^r,',to death,: wb.Oduripg.:.theif imprlfoornent nominated-, Merwari their iucceiTor3; to--,whom .-fieirefigos the caiifatyibicli' , , A -.., A —,-fon of Mahomet, ¿tend of tbs hog ft ■ of. Abbas, iucce ed s his fair, er, and 'em pi oy s. the dunces . Abu... Moilem -a gain ft Mervvan, vi. 2 Sc. His .general .defeats, that, of Mervvan, whereupon he is. proclaimed califF, and the other declared a ufurper, ibid. He is betrayed, feized,. and. put to death by-Merwan’s party,, on his pilgrimage to. Mecca, aS3. ------fan of Shak Thuk, one cf the fuccefiors of T a merlane, hiftory of him, vii. 456. JE A N , grand-daughter, and iucceilbr of Robert king of Naples, accuied of im-rnodefty,. and of the murder of .her huibano, x .-140, 14 1. Strip: of ..her. dominions by Lewis "king of Hungary, and efcapes to Provence, Ï41. Is de clared innocent by the pope and hisconfiftory,in y i te a .bade to the capital of Naples, and received with, great, joy, 142.. She Is again tried for yne murder of her hufband, at the .re-, quiuticn of the king cf Hungary, and, on. her being a fécond timeacqu it ted, he e.v ac u ates the places Tie held in Naples, ; 4.3. ■ JE H A N GH.1R, or SE.L1E M ,. fueceftbr of Akbar, emperor of the Moguls, defeats and takes prifoner his., fon Kofru, who had re yoked from him, vii* 468. Hiftory of him, and of the I - -N D K X. thelady Mokcr Msja, Nur Jehan, or N arm abaiscele» -' b rated by : European hiítoríans and travel]ers, with ■ whom being cleepiy in love, he marries, and , promotes her relations and dependents, 469.: - Conquefts of his generals*. who - are outwitted'.by .Ainber. icing..or JDekan-,. 470- His- vail;’-'. riches, avarice, oppre£on$. hnd exactions, 471., . Account - " of the magnificent embafiy he lent into Peril a, and the noble prefects returned to him by Shah Abbas, then king of that ' country, 472. Supprc-iTes the Mukans, a formidable fee of robbers, and his'policy, in the removals of his-generals and ,. governors, ibid'.- His brutal drunkenneís,: 4,73. -Inftahce of his regard, for his . ion Koiru,,. 475.. He h oppofed by Mob abet Kars, governor of Kabul, who defeats his forces, ' and takes him priibner, 479. : Account of bis empreis, her ■, fall, coneufi afterwards, and hatred ■ to- Mohabet, 479, ■ - & feq. Magnificent emhsiiy to him from Bukharia,: 4S2. ■ .His-'death-y-and.-character,'ibid.: A;.. . JE H Ó A H A Z ,k in g cf Judah,.., dethroned, ■ and carried into captivity - by Pharaoh IS echo king cf Egy.pt,. i 426. . ■ JEHOiAl£|M,Amide. king ; of Judah by . .Pharaoh, - reigns ■ . wickedly, and is. carried pr:ioner to -Babylon, / according to . Jetémrah’s prophecy, i. 4?.6, 427. On his. fubmillion, and paving a yearly tribute,:^y is refxorea to the throne, but re belling afterwards againk Nebuchadnesaar. he; is iu in b y him, 427. vvt.fó JE H O R A M , king of Ifrael, bis wickeineis and idolatry, and dreadful denunciations of,Ellijah the prophet: agamft.A him and his -poilerity, I. 409. ,His. mifernbie death, ibid.. JEHOSHAPHAT, fucceBbr cf Aih. king of Judah, his:.piety, seal, and profperous reign, i. 4c5 . Joins jehoram and the kings of Ed 0 m agai nil: the: Mean ires, : who, obtain: a victory over them, 40 b. . His miraculous deli vera ace by Providence, by the (laughter of his invaders .the.. Moabites .. and'Ammonites,.ibid. Kis. death, 409. JE H U , anointed, and proelalmed king cf Iirael, i. 410. His - ¿eal again ft Eke family. of Ahab,' and the idolatrc.u s: worihlp ■ p f'Ba'ah 4-rt,--41 a ¿ ' His.-.-d'eath,ñbid.: . JE N G H IZ UH AN , founder of the Mogul empire, hiftory ' -of him, vii. 2.72, Sf ieq. His great character, ibid. His origin, 274, . Gives ílmp fifing proofs of his judgment and courage, 275- Pits .liberality to his officers, and diftreiics from a confederacy formed againfit him, ibid. ASilis T o- grul, a powerful fubject oi cite king of: Katay,:.ih iA.ppref- .' ling a rebellion of his. fubjeds, 276. . His great progrefs in. war, 277. Canfpiracy 2 gain ft him by .Sankun arid his fa- I N- ;D' E X.'-- ■ ■ ibex the vang khan, -di (covered- and .defeated, 296. : HU great power, laws, â'nd'r-remarkable'fdrm'ôfrbisHnidgura-* tion, 280. His harangue to his fubjedis, ^Si. Ekablifces his' empire oyer: all Tartary, and marches againQ China, ibid. His great fuccefies againit the Chiueie, ‘282, His cruelty-to the inhabitants, and maiiacres an imnienfe num ber ; of children, 283. Subdues great part of China, and, having taken, the capital., lets fire to the imperial palace, ibid, Continuance of his wars, and alliances againfi: him, ■ 284, His general progrefs in Northern China and Buk hari a, 2S5, His em baity to Mohammed, and remarkable conference between Jalazi his ambaftador and that haughty ini tan, ibid. His policy with refpect to the commerce carried on-betwixt his fub]eas and the Khowar a zmi a n merchants, 2S7. His remarkable deputation to trade to Bukhari a, ibid. ReSebhon on his conduct with ref peel to trade, and advance ment of foreigners, 288. Declares war againft Mohammed, who had murdered his a mb Hi 2 d e r s, 2 9 • His wife regulations, and introduCtion of a new military difeipiine, ibid. Gains a great victory over the army of Mohammed, 201. His pro digious force under various^commanders, ibid. His progrefs again it the fin tan, whom he reduces to great d lit refs, 292. ^ ^ "Takes Bokhara, the capital of®Great Bokhara, which he burns, and butchers the loldiers, 292, 293. Be lieges and takes Otrar, after being bravely defended by Gayer Than, 293. His fon and general Tufhi makes himfelf mailer of Sagnak and Jund, and-ilaughters mukitudes of the inha bitants, 294. His farther conquefts by his generals, 295. Takes Samarkand, after great effuftorrof bicod on'both sides, being obftinateiy defended by its governor Alub the khan, 297. Purfues the ftiltan Mohammed, who, having been reduced to great dift re is, at length dies a miferable death, 298. His further progrefs, and cruel orders for the murder of the unfortunate fultan’s family on the taking of his capital Khowarazm, 299. Termed taken by his ge neral, 301. His inhuman treatment of the fultanefs and her family, after the taking of the throng fortrefs of Hal, whither ihe had retired, 302. Remarkable aefeription of z grand hunting-match exhibited bv him, 303. Other places taken by him, 303, 304. in ft: a nee of the infernal cruelty of his troops after the taking of Mara, 305. Further fucceiies of his armies, and butcheries com ml tied by them, 305, 30&. Diabolical revenge of his mother for the lofs cf her grand ton, who was killed at the ftege of Bamyan? by rsppiiig up the bellies of the women, and cutting the throats I N D E X; . ------, : three tsc f the child re n of ithepkeeyyop.-: His battle with r ..-■■' jlaklcddi ns army, ’ an d 'v.i&orytover- -it? ; 309 r 4 His.. pf ogrefs - • ■ in the Perrian Irak, 2 rtd. war : w I th: th e G e g r gi ans ,■ 37 o, ■ Further account-.of. i his -fuccefs ,: and cruelcvy■-. 31 tv:* ■■ Exa mines lino the. \vorai;p .of the,Perikn$, and the principles■ . of the M àh cine tan. religion,. .-312: His: m agniheent march : from S amarkand.. to ...T oh cat,, : and:. general d:et there, -314. .His feails■ and diveriions, and 1 egiilalive.■.capadty, 3¿5. w . Gpens and doles the diet, with great 'dignity,':2nd {hews.■ :i great difeernment. in .employing-:-his fonts, ibid. Meditates 2 . the cor,quell or China, and takes lèverai places, 3 1 6, 317. . ■ '.interviewbetween,him and.the iq-ueen Tyauii,wconcernin'g . the grant of the government of' Leotong ; . hergreat .g-enè- . roüry, and iris conceiceniion towards her, 318. He is op- poled by Likyer;,. who forms a greac confederacy -againit : him, 31-9» Defe2ts Likyen and: the Turks in a general ac tion, with ■ prodigious-lofs, 320-- Pa: titulars of his death, ■■ are retains his cruel 2nd viniicllvo ciiprhtion to' the lair, 322. His religion.', laws:, ■ inititurions, He. 323-—~325.- JE PH T H A H , the '.eighth, judge of the Irariites, -iris victory .over.the ' Ammonites, i. 37c. Account of his 'rath votv, - ,2 no. various, opinions concern in g it, ibid. Note. His fevere conteil with, and chaitifement of rite ir.lolent Ephrrirrdtcs, ■ 3.7T., Death, 372. JEREM T AH, a great : prophet,, of thé. Jews, h is prophecies' and the accompliilimeot of them, L 426—429. .Carried in chains, to -.Babylon, and- afterwards fez a: liberty, and treated with great kindnefs, 429. - JE R IC K O , a . itron.g city . of Canaan, taken., by- Jofhua, :î... 358. H is ;p rophetic c u rfe on the .re b u i Id e r o: it: dite rally - .fulfilled about .3.50 years, after, .ibid... JE RO BO A hi, the ion of Ne bat, declared king of Ifrael by ■■the ten revolted, tribes, L 40.2.. . Kisugrcfs idolatry, 403. Hi s army defeated b y A bij ah wi th p rocigio u s: daughter, ¿.04. His death, ibid.. - .7;;;. »------:------IT. king of Ifrael, for fome time profperous, but ceniureo for. adhering.to idolatry,. 1. 445...:-i-H-is death, 416. . jER-LTS A L E M , city- of, defeript'i'on of ityandlyanous confiée- ■ tares concerning, its name, i. 229. ■ Deieripficn of tfe tem ple built by. Solomon therein, 229-—23 ; inveiled and : taken by Titus V e fpafk n, and an a ce o an t -,- of i th e. -m 1 fe r i es ■ of the beheged, 545— 547. Bcdegcc and taken by .the- Arahs under the command of Abb Obeidah, vi. n S . Vi- .- hted by the .callft Omar, 179. Kiitcry. of 'it in the reign of the emperor A And us, vii. 58, 59. Inhabited ar that time ; by ■ I -N D E : X ' by -people of three rTafcéfi -bjr the . ., Egyptians, ibid. Beileged by the cr ufaders, who- -attempt to iuo.-m ir, hut" aie obliged to de Sir. ho. Taken by the "■.■ ■ Ch-rifHarrs, who make a bombìe daughter of the Arabs, . 6 i. T-lunder ed without mercy by them, and the Te.ws in- burr,anly burnt alive in their iynagogue, 62. : Bebegeii > with' great fury,, and taken by Saladin, 134, 1 35. . JB 3-T JÌT S,-order ofj founded by Ignatius Loyoia, and con- . firmed by pope Paul, x. 257. impoirtions of them:,, which are connived at bv peps Gregory, with rerpeci to their converfi0ns in liftia after rhe death of St. brands of X a vier, their apolide there, 288. Traduces of them' among ■ - the Chinefe and Afiatrcs,. where, forming,a religion of ■ their; own, a n.d be i ng inti rely guided -by Inter eft ; : and avarice, theydn fhe end.occaiten:their expulfion, 333, 334. Their great fucce'fs, : and favour fhevri . them in China,.. 334.. ■v. 'Their- hnpo'ftures ■ and degeneracy,. Ac. and bjend. the 'Chri - ■. ftian religion with the doSrinesof-Gonfncius,; ibid. They ■ are-condemned for/.-their impious and infamous conduct by ■ p op e l no oc e nt -X< 33 5,? ' S o me a e c o a nt of' the. eontroveriy ■ - be tv? sen, ; t he hi ■ an d ' ih'ek-: anta gon ¿ft s, ■ '.ibid?"' D iipu teS; be- ■ tween them -and the- J arde:rifts, the former of whom are ^favoured by the pope, who behaves sviti: great abferdlty and. ■ ■.ye iniu.it:ce on;that eccafion, and with rdpeci to the treaty of M unftcr,3 3 5 . Their expuiSen- out '.of France, end' the - caute of it, by a detection of their wicked' and unjufrifigble - practices, xift 134, 135. ft.;..- eft JE T H R O , the; father-in-law: of, Mofes,; dome ..account ,o.f him, 2nd:,, his peftefity, i. 1 27ft 'His-interviev/pyith Mofesj and;advice to him..for, the choice cf elders,. 34.1.: . ft ■ JEW S, h I ftory o ft and", c.eicript: on of thei r co un try. i. 204, & /ftqft--.Lots■ of. the twelve tribes,-gab-?'■& feq. :. '■ Their go vernment, laws, ¿cc. 2.to, Sc fcq. Their high places and ■ - divinations, 28’ . Totafty abitained from games, ibid. . Idi gh ti ties u n k h own ■ am on gii : t hern, and'-' difeui'es ■' w re, 282. ■ Their dive-rii:, ns, diet, mourning, futura!?, and Hpuichrc?.; .2S2, 263. Their houfes and furniture, 2S4.: Their arts, trades, ;: and ■ arms, 2.S 4, ■. 285. Cavai ry "iltrfe ufed aaiongft ■ them, 285. ■ Gaft--.-armies, - 28-6.- ■;-Their., plain- -and ■■frugalo ■ ' manner of "life, manuftftteres, and- drefs, 286. 28ft. ■' ■ Their ' " poetry, made, and dances, ?.S8—292. . Of their tongue, 290, ft feq. See hi kore w. f- Ti¡'regard/ and ; averfion.: to. learning' and : Fences. 2.94, 295. Defcnption of the ichofts : -of'their, prophets.'boo. -. ..Hi.ftor.yVbf them- from the call o f - y Abraham 1 N BEX" - Abraham to the -Rahyldniih captivity, -297, .& feq.f Of - their Icings^ wars, anti tf anCa. cOrrfp'ete -conqueft "of Judea, rube and dcitron:their ■■■ city Jem idem. ■ anti carry thole who il: reived the ifeye c?.p- ■'1 ti vs --to' Rome, 54 1 *—.5 50..''' Per fee u t ¡on .■ a ndf d read fa Ifau gh -: ■ ■ ter of 'them iniliemeiga. ofvthO'CQiperor-GharlssrlVd which. ■" xs encouraged by tbefekhops and prieits, and carried on by 2 feuteher ?.t Strathurg, ■who- ■ -h ended c he ■ ■ in faerection, in:. 34. Expelled cut of Spam in the reign of Ferdinand and ■■ _ Xiabelki, xii. 226. JE Z E B E L , wife c-f Ahd>; a promoter of the- gro fee fit id ol atrv, : her wicked expedient for obmirhpg.fNabothh vineyard, and' God s ■1 vdgmsn is tierounced aga: nitFher■ by E! ijoh 'for that 'cruel add -fenjiiirfaction, i. •• •-••Acfeqinpliintnen'fgof’- th e prophecy in her feloody vcatmSrophey 41Y. ■■ •XLD£ BALD, nephew "to’' Theudis, king of the Vifigoths, proclaimed king :of the Goths, itdralSy defeats the R e man s, 1and makes himfelf tnafter o f' the .province of"‘Gene- . -tia, v. 453. ' U r.luify murders Urala, and is 'hiiufelAfifeil ■’■fey one of his guards, ibid. IL L Y RI AN S, war. be twee n. t hem and. the So mans,wh o reduce them, and■ grant them r. peace, iv. ;S y. 'XMBQFP, a Hanoverian general, feuftraces tire plan -■or- the- I f encivcornmancie- Che vert fur ibrprthug him,'and defeats his fuperior forces, xii. ror. X M ILC A E , the fori:-of "'Hanno, one of the-:- Garthagifeiaa:-ge nerals, lays fjegefeo Agrigenthm, ami cakes, plunders, and razes it, lii. l 5 5, 156 . LAfcget Gel;:, which :s abandoned to the Carthaginians,’.156. Concludes a peace visit Diony- ■ bus, ibid. IM PER IA L -power,-fcheme laid between Guifrwus and the ■ ■■‘couftS'Qf -England1 and - FranceA for red ecing it, ix. red. ■: INNOTENT iN N O G E N T ■.IX, fucceilbx of pope; Honorius II. -is : driven - into France- by the fRqfeans,; who- choofe Anaciete, x. 59* Is fupported by :the differ.ent powers of Europe, andy - being ' - brought-back toRom ein triumph.- -he expells- his livaftand hisparty, ibid. Roger, count of Sicily, having recovered Apulia, takes him primmer, and obliges him to abfoiye.:. him ; Homhis excommunication, <5cc. 6c. The Romans ihake l. off their;dependencen n , him, which affects him fo as to oc-' caficn his death, ibid. : —;—— III. il^cceiTor of Ccleitine, being ekRed pope, . gives feveral .proofs of his. a mb iuona n d .p oil cy, x ,7 2 , 7 3 .- Gppofcs M a fcoaid^ who afoired to be king. 6f:.- Naples, . . obliges him to r ai fe. th e liege of M-c.n ue C ailin’o,' a nd ,-rejects his tribute offered to him, in order to favour his claim -. oh the crown of Naples, 73.,; Ihs intrigues with refpect 1 " . - ro the Sicilian, affairs, 74. lie is driven out of Rome to i An agnt by the Romans, ibid, . His zeal ior reformmg the .., church, proceeds with unrelenting if verity 2 gain it fuppofed . .. heretics, aErdf inter efts1 himfeif. in. the; behalf of; the unfor- ■ tun ace Chrift: i am: in. the Holy Land, - 7 e. ■:. ■ Is- fa id to have ■ been a great friend.to. population, by encouraging the marry- . 5 ng- of iftrum pets," ibid. His great power in Chriftenbom,. ■ -; and c lire re nee . with . John king o f England, 76. ■ Iflues a : , bull : for the perfechtion of the Aibigcnfcs by a crufadc ■ 2 gain it; them,' 77. Hi.s power an d h aught inels, * 87. He is;■: contemned by the fuiians of Dam.aftus.,. to .whom he had fen: an infok-nt mefthge, and meets with a mortifying op- . pention from the barons of England, 08. - ’ ■; ------VII. fucceftbr of pope Boniface IX, is driven ■ out or Rome by the. citizens, and the troops of Lad ifiaus : take po fie in on of the city, x . x 6 6. He return s to; the city , at the ’invitation; of the Romans ; excommunicates ana i s ;: -afterwards reconciled. to Ladiiiaus, and 'dies foots after, ■- ibid. _— _ —a—:— ; V III. fucceftbr of Sixtus IV . in the popedom, quarrels with Ferdinand king of Naples, whom he excozn- municares,;. -.and at length :humbles, :.x, ■ 2 1 6, 217. -i ’His- death, cry. ■ ■■ :V IX . iuccciibr cf ’ Urban V II. / in the papal throne, rhgr.s only two months, x. 297. ■ /., —;—— ———— X. Succeeds pope;Urban V Ilf. and;is oppofed by the French, x. 330. fie. perieciues the. Barb.eri.nj, ...and caufes them to be eaiied to a. ftiidf account, by. a. tyrannical . and arbi trary trial, .332;. The French., at. the inftiga-.ion of Mazarin,.. invade his’ dominions,; take ieverai places,1. and ■ humble-’" ■ ■ T -N D E .XJ ■ ' * humble. b is- pride ■ ibid, ■ He- condem ned'the Jefu its-in-China for their rial-practices. 335 ; ; ^.Hlodluating ..fiate of bis: - ... coii“t,andexorb itane infine nee of D o nnaO Hmpia o v erhi my 33b>337;- - His infatu ati refpecb to herp :337 V . 338. His death, and cbfar2cler, ibid, ■ IN H G C £N T X I; fbcceiTpr of Clement Xc in the poped din, ' bis reformation of the church, x. 349. The foreign mini- fiery rene wi ng their 'encroach m ems,- he cuts off; the'i r prì - 7 vi;es;e$, ibid. Quarrel between him and .Lewis X lV , who refills his. authority, maintaining his regale with undaunted reioiotion, 351. His power declared by an affembly of the French bifhops to be merely spiritual, ând' the propoli- : lions relating to che regaìe ac'tbat afiemblv, 352. His zeal, frugality, a itrenuous aflenor of his internal rights in vthe.- kingdom of France, and bffmeable conduct in appro vino- the revocati oh .of the edicl or" Nants,: 353. His politica' conduct astem poral prince, ìbid. C o tue n t s'tor h e;prole- - cution òf Moli nos in thè inquifition for Quieti fm, 354. Refolving to abolifh the franchifcs or quarters round sm -: baiffdors ho u fes at Ro me, Lewis orders his am ba fi ad ór the ârquxs of.Labard in to. makeai triumphal entry into that city, ibi d. Hts conceits with that amba iff dor, : ;, wh o c onte 01ns his authority and menaces, 355. Oppofes Lewis’s nomi nation of bifhop s fa n dr e fift shi m w ith great nrraneiffihidf He difapproves of the conduct of; James; If. : of England, ■ by infringing the laws and corìffimtiòns of his country, and foretels his ruin, 356. Altercation' between him and lord Howard, miniftcr of James to his court ; proreffes a re gard for that prince, and a1 zeal for ids fervine, but avows his enmity to France, 357. Continues his differences : with': France, and behaves, in a. contemptuous manner, to Tàchard the: French Jefuit, ambaffador from the king of Siam, ibid. His coidnefs to James, and -prohibits' his further applica tions for money to -his court, 357, 358. - :By his. perffve- rance and refolution, he prevails over cue pride and hauchti ne is of Lewis, Who recalshis amba! lid or Lavardin from Rome, 358. His death, and character, 359. ------X II. fucceffor of Alexander VIII. in the fee of Rome, appiies himfelf to the abe'lifhlng abufes and - i f- regularities that had crept into the reigns of hrs predccefiors^ x. 362. Humbles the French Icing, and. prevents .the , blifhment of his regale, 363. An in.placable enemy ta the Qpietiiff, ibid. His death, 369, , ------. XE1I. iuccellor of f irmer.: X L in the pa- ' . pal fee, his pontifical dillinguiihtd by his oppofition to-the .: X emperor’s I f ©.. ,E:.-X..; emperors granting tfie inveftiture -.-of. Parma ana Placentia to Don Carlos, x. 38.5. Disorder on hisi death-bed in :fa-; ' your of cardinal Alberoni ; and his death, ibid.. - ■ IN D IAN S, their character in the time of Tamerlane* ..vih 425. Th ey are mailacred by -the Jagatays in his army,ibid „ See T a MERRANE; .. v, . ■■, R IN.GO.j a Swediih'nobleman, elected king of Sweden, his. ar bitrary views, xii. 453. : He :is. killed, by his iubjedb. ibid- — — IV. Icing of Sweden, fa-id' to have been a pious prince, fuppofed to have been polfoned by the Oftrogoths, xii. 453 * ■ ' ... . IN Q U ISITIO N ,. execrable court of, introduced into Spain in ' the reigns of Ferdinand and 1 label la, and their apology'for that rncafure, xii, 221, And Into Portugal in the reign of John III. 34S. y: IN T E R R E G N U M of .nine, months.in the Auitrian empire, ix. 7. ' Another of fourteen months after. the death of the emperor Henry, 19. . JO A B , David’s general,' kills Abner,- to revenge Afanei’s death, i. 385. Slays Ab.falom, contrary to .David’s com mand, 392.; Treacheroufiy nabs A mat a, whom. David had newly appointed, general in his iceac, 393. Is put to death by Solomon,. 396. JO ASH , Caved from the maffacre of'Jehoram’s family, Is edu cated by Jehoiaca the prieft, 2nd proclaimed king cf Judah, j. 4 r2, 413. His zeal and piety during the life of his pre ceptor, but apoftatizes to idolatry afteF his death,: 413, 414. Tnebivine vengeance overtakes him in his punifhment, and death, 414. JO B , fuppofed to have been contemporary with the patriarchs, , 1, 325. Probable account of his reudence and family, &c. .326. Excellence of his hiilory, 326, 327. JO D O C U S, or JO SH U A, emperor of Germany, .after. Ro bert’s death, his eledhon diiputed by tome, though admit ted as a real emperor, and laid to be formally acknowledged as fuch,. ix. 50. His death, after a ihort reign of three months, ibid. .. c ' JO H N HY 5 . CAN US, fucceeds* ..his' father Simon in. the fo- . vereignty over the Jews, i. 471. Makes a dishonourable peace with Amiochus, ar.d afterwards fhakes off a he Sy rian yoke,' 472, 473* Takes and deftroys Samaria, 474. ‘ ■ H;s troubles from the Pharlfees, and death,., ibid. . . . JO H N , the Baptift, beheaded by Herod, i. 520.. See C h r ist . t——:— mcceiTor of Theodorus Dafcaris, emperor of Coniian- tinople, governs by his guardian, George Muzalo, ,who is afterwards ' 1 Kt B E x , . afterwards "murdered by the nobility, v, ; 3 96* - Ide ■ is {lip4 ‘, planted by .Michael Paiseologus, who ufurps the yempme^ ...prctrufing to feftbre it |: to the /.young, prince when 'of age^ ibid, Bis „eyes-, are; put out by Michael, in order ro de- ■ - pr:ye . him of the foverelgnty, -, r p f i.H is . deaths.1 on his' march againit the Turks, rgS. JO H N , fucceiior of Andrahicus., emperor of - GohRantimopley ; ..has:yohnr.Cant2cuze.nos.appointed for his guardian, who is ' ..declared a 'public enemy by the intrigues1, of. the patriarch, u hat afterwards; ailumes the purple,-v; 205. He .is driven from the throne, and rdtored. 207. . His dominions over-- ' run by 3 ajaze:, to whom he agrees to pay: a yearly tribute, u 20S. His death, ibid, "v— ion of Manuel, fucceecs his father m the Gdnftaiiti- .. nopolitan empire, Toon aider which Amurath lays liege td ..CpniHiitmople,: but. is. obliged to., retire by the revolt of Mulfapha, .his younger brother, v. 209. Concludes a peace withAmurath, and agrees to,■ pay him a yearly tribute, 210. His death, ibid. . fuccelTor or Alexius, the Greek, emperor, takes- ■■ :Laodiceafr om the Tarks, and d e fe a; s. th e 3 e v i m. a n d Hunns 4 ' vii. 69. ■ His'.farther iucccHes agamic the Turks, and. excellent character, 70.... His for» liaac apcilatizes, and ent" : braces t.he Mah0metan religion, ibid. See aho, v. 183, 184. y .. ■■——XXIX..the Roman pontin, quarrels with the emperor- Lewis from motives of ambition, who exhibits articles again ft him, ix, 24. :. He has... fen tehee,'-, of depofitl.on. and death palled on him by the emperor, who chafes a new p ope,: : 26, His death, and infamous character, 2S. ' - ——- X X H I. fucceffor of pope Alexander V, parchafed dig nities-in.'the church, and his advancement to the pontificate^ by his depredations us a profeil pirate, x. 168-: Is obliged by the emperor Siglfmund: and the council of Con {lance to., abdicate the popedom, 170, i~ t. . I. king of Franco, remark on his being admitted into the lift of French kings, though reigning on1 y ten ortwe!v'e; days, xi. 49. ------furnamed the. Good,: king of France, puts to death the con flab !e of Ea in an inhuman manner at his acceiuou, xi. 84. His negociatlons ■ wi:h Edward of F.ngland for a de finitive treaty . 87. Aifembies the eftates'a.t.Rar.isrTor levy ing money to carry on the- war with England, SB. BA a fu p p] y. vo ted- him for that, pu r po fe,. S 91: ■. Is red uced.. to g r eat diificuIties, and makes peace with the king. of FIavarre, ¿ h id H e {sizes the king of Navarre,.who: -had .intrigued. I N n E X. agaiaft him; and beheads Tome of his companions» 90. He ■ overtakes the Black .prince, who isv in great danger of be ing forced to fur rend er to him ,9 1 . Is ; defeated and taken. ' pri Toner by Edward prince of Wales at the:battle, of Poi tiers, 92. His 'uncomfortable iituatioir in England, .99. He is ranfomed and releafedl by treaty, 204. H is parlia ment and the dauphin refuiing ' to ratify the treaty, he re turns - to Engl and,- where he dies, 107. His great character, and iiTue, ic 3. 1 -■ JO H N , DO N , tutor and mmiiler of if ate to Charles king of Spain, his arbitrary and ambitious behaviour, and oppofi- tton to the queen, xii. -27 9, His difgrace, and death, 276. — ——— XL king of Portugal, fucceEor of Alonfo, his wafs in Africa, xii. 342. His views with refpect to Africa, and the Fail indies; and death, 343. ■— — HI. king of Portugal, affiih the emperor Charles Y . in his expedition to Africa, xii. 349. His death, ibid. —— i— V. king of Portugal; his politic ah conduct in con junction with-the Englifh, and the allies in the years 1708, and 1769, xii. 364. Obtains good terms, at the peace of U treed t by - favo u r of the"' E n giifh, 3 6 5. D i fferemces bet wee n him and the court of: Pome, 366; His death;. 368. For the principal events in the remaining part of his reign, fee the hiilory of Spain. -■ — king of Denmark, fucceilbr of Chriitiern of Olden-' burg, his difficulties with'refpect to the Swedes, 'whom he at length defeats, and takes Stockholm, xii. 418. His de feat by the Diihmarfians, with whom he agrees to a peace, 419. His difficulties and diftreiles in Sweden, ibid- The Hubeckera declare againit him, but fue for peace, 4.20. His exploits a gain it the Lubeckers and Swedes, 421. His deaths and character, ibid.' ; -----II. brother and fuccefFor of Eric king of Sweden, makes war with Ruffia and Denmark, xri. 498. Marrying 2 Roman catholic princeis, he endeavours to Introduce the popifh religion, 2nd is oppofed by his brother Charles, 498, 499. Account of his new liturgy, and the honeft indignation of the proteftant Swedes, who rejected his propofal relating to a mixture cr the two religions, 500. His death, 50:. ------ZiM ISC ES, emperor of ConRantinople, defeats the Saracens with great daughter, v. 157. Invades the coun try of the Roffi, whom he defeats, and takes the capital of Bulgaria, 158. Is poifoned by means of Bafilius the eunuch, his prime miniifer, 159. JOKTAN. I N D E X. • JO K T A N ana bis , thirteen ions. fettie. in Arabia; after the. confunon.of Babel, vi. 16. H is.numerous iflue, according ■ to.':. an. ..Arabian auth or, mo it of whom ■ ■ migrate. ■. into: In d is,

J ON AS,.: an, apellate Chnitjsn, his hiilory, vi. 9 S, 99. ■■,' Ge nerality and. noble affection of him towards his wife, -and her invincible eetsitation. of him. for his apoilacy;, by {tab bing herfeif :o the heart rather man live with mmv 90. Proof of. his eonfrancy, and. noble behaviour towards the emperor’s daughter,; ibid. . . JO N A T H A N , the ion or Saul, furprifes the Philiiline gar- rifori, and afterwards intlrely routs their army, i. 377. In timate friendihip between him and David, 379. Slain in battle, 3S4. David’s deep lamentation for hjs and Saul’s death, 385. See. D avid, and. S atjl . * --- -—:—- — brother of Judas Maccabreus, made the king’s general in Judea by Demetrius, L 466. Is made high- prielt, 4&y. His profperity, and honours conferred on, him, 466'—468:, Is treacheroufiy Ham by Tryphon, Anti.oehus’s ■ general, 469, IONIA,, ceilgn of conquering it formed .by.. Polycratesy tyrant of Samos, who is fain by treachery, ii. 560. . JO R D A N , river,, its. defcription, andy prelept Rate, 1, 217.3. 2lS. JO SEPH , one of the younger ions ofjacob, his cruel treat ment by bis brethren, and advancement: ia. Egypt, 1, 3 1 1*. 312. His in tew lew with and behaviour to his brethren, 313. Makes himfe 1 f known to them, 314. His death, 319. —:----nephew ot- Onias, his wife and prudent conduct in. appeafmg the refentment of Ptolemy, i. 446. ------—---- emperor of Germany,, diiplaced the rr.inifters under the influence of the J-efults, ix. 212. Quarrels with the pope, 2 13. His - ill fuccefs i n Ital y,. 215. H is,' ambition with refpeeb to bis claims, in Italy,. 217* . : His -tyranny and injuftice there, 221. Can its the duke o fH a n oye rtob c admitted, into the eiedtcral college, ibid. Plis death, 224. .—— -—- king of Portugal, his ungenerous conduct towards the E n glifh, - x ti. 7 6 8. C oncei ves an i nv f n c lb le averfio n to the Jefuits, on account of their thwarting his mcalures, ibid. Receives a generous prefent from the Engllili after the dreadful earthquake at Eifbon, 369. Confpiraey again it him di ¡covered, and pimifhment of the offenders, 369, 370. JO SEPH U S, the Jewi filch iilori an, made prifon e r by V e I pa - fan the Roman gene rah at the taking of Jot-apa, i. 541» His prophecy concerning that emperor, 542. " I 3 J SX.^1 Hj '■■■! N P . E' x. “ . .JQ S I AH, Sking of Judah, his piety, and zea] fcr the .wcrlhlp: ■. c, o f God during his reign, I. .424. His ¿eat!), 426. , JOSHUA.- fue;eeiIbr of Mofes, tas. judge; and xominander of . * - the llfaelites5 his wars wit cor. quells over the Cana an: tes, &c. i. 35&3 & ieq, His exhortation . to the - tribes,; - anddeathj 360. "■ - - •' ■ J 0 THAMyounger btother of Abi melech, efcapss tbe flaugh-v - ter of his brethren ■■ by'"that parricide, ip 368» beautiful;' ■ fable: to: the Shechemites, laid:to be the f.rfc cn facrcd re- - cord, ibid. JO VIA NT, emperor of the Romansi^oncludes a.thirty jears "■ truce with the Periians, v. 32. Protects the GhrifUans, : and re-eftabliiiies. 'their reHgion, 33. His death, anTcha- ractcr, 34. ISAAC, the ion of the patriarch Abraham, hidroryi of him, . h 302, & feq. His great age and: death, 31 o .' ' ISABEL-,: queen of England, and wire Edward,: her-in- .: rogues: agaihft Elm ,hi. 5 4, Ider; n fa mo u sip aiko nfo rM o r-" . . timer proved,/^, 5 5 .: Is obligsd b y h e r;b ro th e r Charies, king pi France, to quit his court, and renre tovHaLna'ult, 55.. Invades England, and dethrones her hufhand-, 56, ‘ IS A i A Ed, : the prophet, : his preo i hi ton : a g&inii the kings of Ifrael and Dam a feus vended, L 428. Said to have been. ... fawn afunder by ManaiTeh, 423. 1SHBOSHETH, fon cf Saul, treacherouily murdered by two cf his own captains, vrho are put'ito death by- PavId -; for - that action, I. 386. i'1'- ■■ ISR A E L, revolt of I ts ■ ten trl bes to Jeroboam, i. 40 2» Con - fufed and future Rate of it afterTeroboamTdeaib,: and fatal end of its kingdom by S a I m ana za.r Lingo f.A fly r i a, 4 2 o „ ISR A E LIT E S, their oppreffioh'under Pharoah-king.of''Egypt, i. 322. 330. Deliverance; by Mates, 336, 337. See: ■ M oses. ■ God’s dealings with and deliverances of them . afterwards, :and their murmurings and rebellions, in the-. xvildernefs, Ac. 338—348. Encampments ; of their tribes there, 353, A feq. .' Their wars with the Ganaanites, 36I5 & feq.’ Blooey conteft between their other tribes and that of Benjamin, 363, 364. Their judges, 355y & feq. Be ginning of them government- under kings, 3 7 A feq. ISSACHAiv, one of the tribes cf the ifraelkes, its lot, i, ■ 228. ' IT A L Y , - melancholy situation of It :thrbngh the. devaiiauons of Syfla and Garbo, iv. zro. Sylla-becomes mailer of It,, after' . : his defeat of Carious and M arcius,' 220." Hiifory o fit, 3£,-d. feq. Ravaged by the liunns, wko':. arefdriveri Out-. : ' * 8 ' : ^ ' bv ,1 . N D £ X, 4> ,: Xts confefed Pat einçthe rim eo fH u gh count:. . -of iAriesy.' ^bbj/'was>-'^declared,:-'--kin-g--; of "it,I 27. Jts ' âîviGosi and corsttituricn in the - year 9 7 3 3 1 . Or:gîn-- of titles of diF inction there, 32» Confuiion in the affaire of it in the : reign : of the ;.emp.eror:.Otho XL3.^b;.;:-Gojiimodons.::there'-af^ ter his death, 37. Hiitory of tne arts there, 1 3 5 ,1 3 7 . : : Invaded by the; ;; French, 23c. 251. 269. . Prog re is of the . war there In the. reign cf Lewis X IV .3 7 2 . Renewal of it .in,Xy42y-3io.::;; ■ ■ JU B A , foh of Hiempfal, is infulted bv Julius Csefar, and ' his refentment ‘ thereupon, v, 229, Defeats Curio, one of Caefars generals, and is made .king by the Pompeian fac tion, ibid. Joins Scipio». and reduces Carier to extremities, .. but is at length defeated .by-him, and his- c o un try' fubju ga te d do. the Somans, 230. ■■■■ >■' ■ ' - ■ th--'"' 'ri' JU B IL E S .: initituted bv pope Boniface, in order to extend his empire..and nil his coffers, x. 120- ■ Form of opening it in the poatificate of Innocent X II. 364 — 368. ReHedtions on. :he lidlcuioiifhefs of that ceremony, 368, 369. ■' - JU D A H ,tribe, of the Ifraelites, boundaries of its. allotments, with its principal cities and towns, i 233. JU D A S M À C C A BÆ Ü S, ihcceiTor of his father -Mattathias,. his. valiant behaviour, and cor.queirs ever the,'Syrians, i. 45.5, & ieq. Pu ri fees the city and temple, and reitores di vin e worihip therein, 457.,: Defeats thé Id'urr.mans and A f- ■ fyr ians w ith ■ grea t fiau ghter, 458. : Nicanor defeated' : and - killed by him, and his whole armv dehroved, 463. Enters into sn alliance with the Remans, ibid. Is defeated and fain In an engagement, 464.. JU D E A , great malritudes therein deRrovëd by an earthquake, famine, and pefllence, i. 492. 495. Made a Roman pro vince, 506. Diffracted ifa te of it, a n d v a r lotis factions there, 537, & ieq. Vefpafan being fent thither, makes a complete reduction of it under the Roman dominion,--541, ■ k feq. ju G U R T H A , ion of Maftanaba, and nephew of Micipfa the -Numidian, his great accornpiiihmer.ts, v. 224. Excites the jealoufy of his uncle, wbo' en deavours to cut him off, . 225. He Is prompted by his perhdioufnefs and ambition to fupplant his couhns, onffof wbom he murders, and by means of bribery obtains the favour of the Romans, Ibid. Takes - Ci r ta, and ca tries Adherbal to be put to a cruel death, and maffacres the merchants of' the- place, 226. He furprifes the Romans, and obliges them to pafs under the yoke,-ibid. Being defeated, and his country ravaged by the Romans, I 4 Metellus. r - N - ; ® . Metellas offers Km a peac&j but: he rejeSs -the'eondrtioJii^ “227'. D.etecb -and. pu mille s the authors -of a confpiracy formed auainfr Lim vby: Bomikary; and is . defeated by- Me- : tellus, Ibid, His -troops- again o vercome by the: Romans, who reduce;:mariy: of bis cides, 228. : Totally defeated by Marius, and delivered -up to him by Bacchus, ibidHis miserable end, 2:29.-.iy-w-2i-2.,.:2r3v . JU G UR TH IN £ waryiv. 212, 213. See J u g u r t k a . . , - JU L IA N ,..created ; Casfar by Cbnftantius, and marries bis filler Helena, but exciting the emperoEs lea! only, is marrowly ■ watched by him, v .' 14.. Is choten his coHegue, ibid. His- exploitS: again!! the Germans and. barbarians, 15. Gains a fignal victory over a fuperior army, and'takes one of their kings prisoner,, 16, 17. Overcomes the; Franks, and ob liges the Germans to fue for peace, 18. iConflantius, through jealoufy of his power, weakens his army by large draughts from it, whereupon he:abdicates the dtle of Gsefar, 20. He is proclaimed emperor by the army, '‘ibid. De clares openly i a gal nil Gonilantius, and makes iiimfeif maker of Italy, 2 1. His birth, education, &c. 22, 23. Makes - his entry into Conftantinople, andcondemns and executes feveral or Ccnibmiusk minifters, 23. Reforms the court, and eafes his iubjecis of taxes, 24. ProfeiTes paganifm, and reft ores the heathen worfnip, ibid. Sets out on. his Per sian expedition, and gives-proofs of his moderation and- ju- idice, 25. Incenfes the Antiochians agaiuft him, ibid. Sa crifices in the temple of Jupiter, and confults the oracles, dec. concerning the fuccefies of his expedition, 26. Dif ob] iges the Saracens by flopping their pennon, who there upon join the Perfians againti him, ibid. Sets out from Antioch, and arrives at Chair re, 27. Takes feveral place's from the Perfians, and advances to Ctefiphon, 28, Is de ceived by his Periian guides, who advife him. to burn his ii£et; after which his army is reduced to great extremity, ibid. Defeats the Perfians,. but is afterwards, haraiied and mortally wounded by them, 29. His fpeech. before his death, ibid. His death, and character, 30. Dreadful cala mines during his reign, and writers who Soar lined in it, 31« JU L IU S II. iiiccefior of pope Alexander VI recovers the poifeiiions of the church from Borgia, who is arrefted by him eicapes to Naples, is imprifoned by the king of Spain, and at length killed in a fkirmiib, x. 226. Warlike quali fications of this pope, and his exploits, ibid. Brings Henry Y JII. of England over to bis caufie, and declares war agaipil Lewis king of France, 232. Inilance of his per- ibna'i I k :;d e x . . fional valour at Ills? taking. :Mirandola,: 2 3 3 ,: Kts wonder ful-fir mnefs in making Lead againit the party combined: to ' oppoie-hltn, 233, 234. Claims Parma and Placentia, 236. His fch ernes in italyp^y.' His'death, ibid...... JU L IU S S A B IN U S ,: h'av'mg-ttirred up the Gaols, and can fed iiimfelf to he : proclaimedv..G^rar3 is defeated,- and. dies toy - his country-houfe, which letting on fire, propagated; the belief that he perifhed in k, W. 439. ■ Retires to a cave with His treafaresy attended by twoof his imfty Freedrheh, ibid. His wife Eponina, inppofing him dead, iblernnized his exequies,' and rcfokdng toilarve- herfelf, he reveals, to her the place of Els. concealment, whither ihe privately: re forts, lives with him. nine years, and has: children by him, 44Q. He and his1 wife, being both diicovered, are condemned- and executed by order of the emperor Vefpaiian, ibid. JU S T IN , fucceiibr of An site has, emperor of theEafl, gover ns .w i th equity an d mode ratio n, an d feilores the orth o- dox bifhops, v. M2. Deprives the Arians of their churches, and declares his nephew: Juflinian his partner in 'the em pire, 113 . His death, ibid. f — — •— fucceiTor of his uncle, the emperor J□ iiiman, his dominions invaded by the PerSans, v. 1 ty. ... Giving h im fel t up to piesfure, he iu flams great Ioffes , from the Peril an s in S yria ana : Italy,;. which deeply affeefiag him, he is- feized with madneis, 2nd the 'government transferred to Tiberius, ibid. JU ST IN IA N , nephew and fucceflor of Juitin, emperor ;of Conftantinople, his war with the Peril tins, v. 113 . Sup- preiles a dangerous tumult atConitantinople, wherein. 30,000 citizens were fin-in, H4. Diigraces Belifarlus, but afterwards re (lores him to his employments, i f 6. His death, ibid.

K. A LD A N , khan of the Klalmuks, forms a deiign, with K ShalTaktu, for fubjecting to themfielves nil the Kalkas, vii. 393. Gains a great vidtbry, and afterwards maOhcres the Kalkas, 394. Forms a confederacy agai nil Xanghl, ibid. Adventures of h'vs nephew Raptau, 395. Injuftieq of the Chinefe emperor to him, 395-, 39b. He is reduced to great diflreiTes, and retires to the mountains, where he p01 ions himfelf, 396. KiALED, general of Abubeker the caliif, ftipprefics a rebel lion in Arabia, and inhumanly puts Malec an Arab prince to death, who had fubmltted to him, vi, 84. His progrefs ; - I N ;D E “ X. .. in Irak, .which he puts under ccniribiitionj S ;. 1$ Trade commander in ' chief of the Modems, and fares:: aft f Arab f army ar the.ffege of Boilra, 88; Takes,that- city- by the treachery of the governor, 89, gc,. ■Refcues the. Modem army'from., the Greeks, ■ who had -overpowered them, 93. Defeats' the Greeks, who Iofe 50.00c men,.94.,.;■ He ;hgain " befieges Damascus, which, is bravely ■■"defended by Th omas, 95. Surprifes part of tiic city by the treachery of joiiah. a Greek prieit, 97. Furfues and cuts to pieces ..the Dama- feenes, who had fitd from the city, 99. He is divefted of the command of the army by Omar the califf, and rehgns it to Abu Gbeldah, 10 1, 102.. .Remarkable interview oe- tvveen hioi and Manuel. th G reek general, 114 . His death, 143* ' - K ALIL fukan, grand fo n o f. Tarnerl ane, mou n ts 'the. th rone, and cifobligcs his emirs, &c. ,by his weaknefs for-Sbadi Mu-k, a favourite ...lady,vii. 451. The emprdsandladies of the" feragllo. intrigue againRhim,, which occaiions nume rous rebellions in'the empire, 452. Defeats Mohammed, 453. Is overpowered by Shak Rhuk, and Surrenders himfeif to him, who cauies him to be poiToned, 455. R A N G B i, the: famous emperor of China, - his policy,; vii. - 393. € enfu red for his i muff ice sr.d cruelty .to Raid an,, 395, 396- Makes war with Raptan, and takes from him the ‘ provinces of Kamil and Turfan, 396. K A R A IBRAH IM , grand vizier of the fultan Mohammed, is favourably inclined to the Chriffian princes, but con- ifrained by the fultan to opprefs their fubjedts, makes the French ambaiTador prifoner, and extorts prefents from him and thofe of other nations.win. 24S. K ARM AT I AN S, feel of, their rife and hi {lory, vi. 401. Their prinHples and progrefs, 402. Their rebellion, 409. Their progrefs, and defeat of the califf's army, 410. . Re- foiute behaviour, and anfwers of one of them to-the calift, 41 i. They renew their rebellion in the reign of A1 Moc- taS, and behave with great -cruelty and treachery, 414, 415. Defeat the califf’s troops, 415.; Are imirely de feated "by the cnlifr, and a!moil their whole army deffroyed, 416. Are again overcome by the califPs general, who puts the. prifoners to death, 417. They again rebel, feize feverai places, and ravage the country, 418. : They attack the caravan going to Mecca, and put 20,000 pilgrims to death, but are again, overthrown, aud the prisoners put to cruel deaths, 419. Their progrefs under Abu Thaer, who . defeats the caiiiPs army, and takes Cufa, 430. March to Mefopo- f N e x : :: Mesopotamia, where they take -feveral places, 4 3 1. Take* ' / plunder, ■ aod "deitroy' Mecca, with - great daughter, 4.32, ■ ■ '433- ' ' Get pdifieffioii: :of-¿the--.black , itonô ; o f.. the.fKafiba,, ' b- : :Take Cufâ -aTecpnd' time," but fail in ' their .attempt - upon-Bagdad,'where they are defeated with great daughter, f v A Y T G N G f a city in Ghina^ befieged by die Moguls, ": arid: ' a ttein pted ' in yainvtb 'be ;rel ieved > by ; th eyKim emperor,. ‘•'••-•‘.Tuf 33'i." " THe''"bÿêratIôh5:''agaîhfi:' it refumedwith great vi gour, and -at -length taken by treason, 332. à ; ■ K iîi: drhberor, ppppf^ê.M o^lsfbhfEeir irruption::into the *••"Ghinëfè'émpirê,- vihîg.. Tirt ues;bfh if generals,.:^ 0., -.His imperial race murdered by Suida the Mogul general, after . the;taking .or '.Kay-fbng, ;33:3.' ..He is. confined.-by, his: own general, ibid, His valour, diftrefs, and death, 334, 335. ■ , ‘K IN G S o f Egypt,'.Hliiofy of ybem,. from the earliefr. time to ■ ' the conqueft of their country by Alexander. the Great, i. '¿§¿—114.. See-E g y p t , , t ... s ...; ...y..-_ ■ ' ‘ ;:0fi the IfideHtes, from Saul to. .thes Babylonitn .capd- vity, ir .<75— 429. ^ 4——— or tiie Syrians, i. 175— 180. ,. .. ____ —— of Geihdr and:.Hamath,,i...-i8f;.. -- . y v . — of fine Phoenicians, i.- 196— 204,, . K iO F R IL Ij nrfi. 'minifier to Mohammed, emperor of . the ' Othmans, proofs o f his great policy and addrefs, viti. 219. Charges himfelf vv 1 th the execution of the. Candian- expedi- ; tion, and .makes grebe pfeparsuons/for'i^îof, :His opera tions and progrefs In the fiege, 222, S: fee. He has cofilv prefents lent him by the fuhan, .who expreiles an high cpi- . nion of his abilities,' on receiving the news of the. taking the place, 228. His death, and.'-great, charafifcer,. ¿34. .. —— -—• grand v izier cf fulta n Soleyman,< -His excel lent;, and artful regulations, and great effects of them, .via. 272, 273. Beiieges and takes Belgrade, 275, 276. Confpiracy agamic hifii, 28 r. He Is defended by the .aga and other officers, 2S2. He is depofed after the battle of Slankemen gained bv the Chriftians, 286. K IR C K H E N R E R N, in Germany, battle of,;, between the French under Brpglio and Soublfe, and the allied,army, .won by the latter, ix. 284, 285. Its coinfequences, 28 5.; : .. K N IG H T S T E M P L A R S, their order extinguiOied, ix. 20. x. 125. Their extermination fet on foot ana accompl¡iked by Philip IV. of France, and accufations againft them, xi. 39. " Continuation of their proceis, and examination ;of many of them by-pope Clement, 39, 40. Confiderations on the j . . unjuil ■ ■ ■ f N U ; W:X; unjuft proceedings .againft;: thcm3<;iuppoted; fo have ariien imirely from :avaricious motives} 40. ’ / CmeJ execation and puniihment :of the grand --im after-and, 'S a y de ; Auvergne, and the: tyranny and injuftice-of the pope on that occafton, 40, .41.’''.: Their eftates conhfcatedy 41:, :v: ... 1C GD AX>AD, a • powerrul ' T artar 'prince, rebels- againft Kalxl the emperor,- takes Samarkand, ■:and .makes Kali! prifoner, vii. 454. . Flics From..-thence bymeans of the fu peri or pow erofShak Rhuk, and is ::afterwards beheaded ' by . the 'Mogulk-ahdT7artarsîbidy -, : . -.. --;- K Q R A N , fcaiteredremams cfitcollected and p.nbliihed: by Abubeker, fu cceiTor of Mahomet, - and -others, v i. ■ 100« Tts tenets arid doiftrmesiwild and abfurd, ibid.; KO SRU , eMeft foB Ar : Jefian Ghir, emperor of the Mogiils, revolts, but is defeated, - and taken: prifoner, vii.. ,468..' Is fentenced to : hay eh is ey es Teal ed ■ up for three years, ibid. His great chara&er4473f He is put into the power of his brother K urm ,' which :d iigufts the; people and the ladies of the feraglio, 474. The Mogul his father profefTes a great regard for him, and prote&s him- againft the defigns of Kurm, 47,5. He is murdered by.:-Reza, employed by his brother to commit-that fratricide, 476. KO ULI KAN, or:.NADIR:-SHAH,. commander of the Per- iian armies in the reign of Seft ll. his remarkable hiftory, viii. 19. Inffigates the fhah againft the Armenian C hr lift a ns, and extorts prefents; from them, ibid. Further account of him and his rife, 39, & feq. Becomes:general to {hah Tha- mas, and reduces the whole province of Korafan, &c. 40. His infolence to the ihah, andAfhnii defeated and {lain by him, 4 1, His further conquers"over the Tu^hs, ibid. He depofes the fhah, 42. He is defeated before; Bagdad by the Turks, but foon after-totally routs them,; and recovers his lofies, ibid. ' Makes a peace with the enriprefs of Ruftia, and defeats the army of the Turldih general Guproli, and flays him in a bloody battle, 4:3. Accepts the crown on certain conditionsj tbid. Endeavours to cultivate. the arts of peace, 44. His fon Rizi attempts to murder him, and is puniftiec- by him with the lofs of his eyes, 45. His diitreiies and opprefnons, ibid. A con fpi racy "being formed againft him, he is murdered by Saleh Beg, the captain of his guard, and others, 46. Chtrailer of him, 46, 4". See £110331,332. • ' . Iv UBL a Y , or FIU PiLT, declared great khan,, and defeats his brother Alipuko, vii. 348. His excellent plans of go vernment as laid down by his tutor Yau., 349. His ftudies and 1 /'N --tr E'fXy.'-.': : . A ' and iuperiKtion, ibid*'.,. -His ’ exploits- In China !by h;s g e -; : neralilnxiio. Peye n, 3 5 1, & feq. The emperor of the Song fubmits to -him, 357. " His fuperiHricn, encouragement bf;Chi nefe Literature, and his avarice, 360,. - Makes pre-: pafations for conquering-:'Japan,. and other places, 361. Severity to tse- S ongdy n ally ,3 6 2 . Employs' ene Shijong,: another rapacions miniiler, wh o oppreiTes dispeople, ibid* :He puts; bim to death, on the: charges and complaints brought againft- Kim. by the; people^ 363, , His.; great cares in .government,- attention to- manufactures, and printing, 304, 305. A great;:.encouraged.:o f:learning,. .mathematics, Trip-buildlng, ;&c, 366. Confederacy;agamifhim defeated, and the author puniihed ;with death, Jb y. ■ Employs ano ther op preiS ve. min idre r, whobemgremonTrated-againftby- theChmefe, his eftare is connfcated, 368, 369.: His great partiality and infatuation for the lamas, 360. His paiiion for curiofities, 37G, -Beftows great h onours on Peyen 'His general, 371. . .His death, and character, ibid* . T ¥. A B Y R IN T H ,. 2 celebrated. one in Egypt, defeription of i t,. 1.6 2 4 Pre fen t r emai nso fi t ,6 3 . LACEDAEMON, or SPARTA,;;LiTory of its ancient Ling-' : do.m, Ii. 2 75, & feq.. Different names of i t, and fit nation, 275... Reduced by-the Achaeans, 4.82. .. L A C E D E M O N IA N S, are joined by Philopstmen to the A- chsean league, ii. 4S0. Endeavour to renounce their alll- ■ 2nee with the Achaean?, 482. They complain to the Ro mans of the fev.ere treatment . they received from Philopte- men, by the abolition of the laws of Lycurgus, 483. They fend ambaiTadors to Rome, with the Achmans, and are fa voured by the Romans, 4S4. Their exiles recur to the Romans, who behave in an arbitrary manner, 4S7, 488. They quarrel with the Achreans,. 493* The Achaeans de clare war agrinT them and the-Romans, 496. LA D ISLA U S, king of Naples, is zealoudy Supported; by pope Boniface againft the French, divorces his wife-Con- ihnee, and marries the filler of the king of Cyprus, x. 162. He is excommunicated by pope innocent, 166. Takes pofTeiEonof Rome, and makes1 himfelf mailer of the., greateft part of the eccleiiaftical hate, 467. Is defeated by Lewis, but maintains bis ground, 169. Drives the pope again from Rome, and makes peace with the Florentines, 170. His death, ibid. LAFFELT. i ■ n -b .-.e /X;' L A F F E L T , battle -of, betweep the French , and the allied . ■■ army»,- won by the. farmer, the glory1 o f it .beingxhecked by / ’ - the'■ Dutch'givIrig'wyqix. 24.1» 242/, / J". ■/.m l ■ LA N G U A G E ,. firft opinion concerning the nature of by it 3 - LA N GD AG E Si -conjecture with" refpect to their . claims' to ;th e p,r im i ti v e. one, not: to bed e pe n bed up on, L .35». 36, L A R A , fa“ p o werf11I'fa m ily in S pam, i tsg rea tnefs, andvits-ex- ’ ’ploits 'againil that of Gailro, xl L 170. .:.;/ XA.TJTREC j 'general ôf the Frencb forces, in, their, -war.' jn Italy,'takes Alexandria, ■ and reduces Genoa,, x. 24.9. . Re- ^':::■ SbTesa^he■,■:pope■:,to■■hjs liberty ..and Importance, ibid. Forms ■; the fiege of Naples,' which the - emperor Charles marches to the' defence :: of, 250.-. Takes feveral places, - but at " length lofes his army and life by an Infection, ibid. , EAW S :. of Lye urges, the famous : Spartah d;a\ygIvers ranged under twehre.heads,:;iii:37E—3S3. ------Jewiih, 241, & feu. _ ...... LEBA N O N , mouhiains Gf, defcribeb, I, 2oq. LEIC -ESEER, earl of, general of queen Elizabeth in the Netherlands,: hts imprudent■ conduct there, and want of moderation and abilities, &c. ix .,'3.2.2...... Difobiiges the; Sates. by his conduct, • and arbitrary proceedings,/ why remonilrate a gain ft him to the queen, 323. His intrigues in the Low Countries being diicovered ya n a m I fca r ryi n g,: he is obliged to hurry back 10 Eng!and, 324. ■;'■ Made commander of the land t roc ps in Pin gl and, by t itript - of h i s government in, the ; Low Countries, ibid. His death, 325. . L E O ,' fucceffor of Marcian, emperor, of the EaS, his ill: fuccefs agaih.il the Vandals, v. 164. ; Publifhes; rigorous laws again it the A rians, 105. His heath,: and that of his fon $ job. A /..V. - y . . A • -——— a native of Ifauria, crowned .emperor of Cbnitantinpple» v. 1 31. Publifhes an edict again ft images, which is zeal- ' oufly oppefed by pope. Gregory I I . 1 3 2 . ; Con fife atesthe revenues of the'Roman fee, 133. 487.;; His death, ibid. ------ILL emperor of the Fail, revives, the edicts of his grand- ,.' father agaiml images, v. 135. His-'death,- 1113., " ■ L E G S- fuccefTor of pope Ju'ii us XL /has, the. character of a magrii.fice.nt pontiff, and a,great encopr.ager of arts, fcie.nc.es» and learning, x. 238. His fcheme for. the aggrandifement ■' o f'hIs own family, 241. His domimods invaded; by the French, and his perplexity thereupon, ibid. Treaty ..be tween him and Francis the French king, who cedes to hiai Parma and Placentia, 242. Confplracy againit hlmdetedied and puniihec, 243. Publifhes a Lie of indulgences through out IN; D E 'X - ' cut Europe, ibid. .He iL-Rrehuouisy’-oppoied- by Luther,' A who; High is: his. -.authority.j "244.- Go ad emus' Luther’s doc- ' trines5-; orders his: works to be burnt,iescommunicates ■ him - and his- followers, and con fees the. ti tie .of Defender of the : Faith on Henry ::VIliv .of ;'Eogiand,..-2i5, His luxury, am- hi non, and deaths ibid. " - IfEONi and Caftile, &c.' -hiitory of them, x ii 160, & feq.. ; ■■■■ kingdom of, ■ its ■■-'diftreis at ■ the -‘death ■ of Fere inand, ‘ Xii*;i72,-i7:3. - United to Caiiile in the per ion of Ferdi nand, 179. ■ ■ ' LEO N IDAS, king of Sparta,-and .{ucceForof-Cleomenes, defends:the ilraits of ThermopyIae with great-;bravery agair.i! , the Perfians, and-is himfelf ilaln there with: all his' Spartans, j j . 39S... LEO PO LD , emperor of Germany, war declared again it him byLewis XIAL who claims poiFeSion of the: Low Cou-n- ■ tries.,, ix, 1 So. Makes the duke of Lorrain his genera!,, who defeats the French . in Alface, and takes Philipibourg, ■ ag i. Is ■ aSPed ‘ by Sob iefki ,k in g ; ofPo'a nd, againftth e . ■ - -Turks, -who are obliged- to retreat - precipitately. From Vi- , enna, ■ 194., 195y viiL 242, - & fea.; Hi sd eat h, --iliiie,’ and .. .chara£feryîi,';;f;-. ■ y,.:,: ■ -■■■'-■ y ■■■■■"■: L E P R O SY , accounted the greateP deflement amoagi! the Jews, i. 279- The nature of It, ibid. DERM A, cuke of, and prime minifter of Philip IIL of Spain,. :oiit wits the-French in uihuung the-court of England, xii. 256. His diigrace, and. is fucceedcd by the duke o f Uze-*. d i 257. 7; L E W IS , king of France, one o f the heads in the unfortunate' exped 1 don. to' the Holy Land,. his imprudence in ne- gkdtin g to take Conitantinopie,:vii. 113 . Fades: over- to Aft a, and is forced-to 'make peace whth Manuel the Greek emperor, through his artifice, 114. Rejoins Conrad, and defeats the Turks,- but is afterwards, terribly ha railed and diftreiTed by them, 114 , i t 5-. . ' ■ the:;Debohnair,- emperor:.of Germany,, his Sri! acts after' his acceihon, viiif 371,' DIftradHons/in-.-.his ‘-empire, ■" and tebellibn- of his fonsyagainR ^ ' 37 5- He is driven -to extremities . by means: of the pope, lurrenders himfelf to his rebellious ions, and is depefed, 377, His d¿{graceful penance- and degradation, ibid. His fori Lothair, who had ufurped the fo.vereignty, making an ill ufe of his power, and rendering himfelf det cited, he re mounts the fhronef 37S. Partition, of his dominions, 379. : His;.death, and character, 379, 3S0. LEWIS I N B E .; X. L E W I? .XL. emperor of Germany,. drives the- Saracens-of Africa from thecoaftsofltaly, andretakesB eneventoy vil. 3S2. '-His■ doatbj.^Sj.:.- a— Bavaria, his acceSlon- to the Imperial throne, ix. 20. Diforders and calamities: in his reign,-20* 21, Pope John X X II. pubii flies ahull again if him,andabiblves his fubjeSs from their obedience, 24. He;proeeeds' with :great ‘‘ .vigour..,to oppofe the pope, and exhibits 36 articles aghinft hW 9 jbid, His expedition, and reception in Rome, inhere' fie is crowned in St. Peter’s church,' 25.- Pronounces Sen tence of depoiition and death.on the pope, and raifes N i cholas V. to the papal throne, 26. . His impolitic condudl, " and retreat from Rome, with his anti-pope, In a deftitute condition,-ibid. He is again excommunicated .by therpope, who gives flagrant inftances of his pride and enthuftafm In his bull pubii filed on that occailon, 30. .His death, aifues ; and character, 31. ------O UXRE.M ER, ...Icing of France, called to the throne from England, x- 425. His treaehery towards the young duke of Normandv, whole dominions he endeavours to feize, by putting,him to death, 426. He is defeated,: and taken prlfoner by the Normans, 426, 427. - His death, and character, 428, 429. —------V , or the Idler, king of France, and fucceffor of Lo- thair, tranfaftions in his reign, x„ 432. Is polfbned by queen Blanche, ibid. -7------VI. king of France, his d.iiEculties at the time of his acceffion, x. 450. Defeats Henry I. of England, and ob liges him to conclude a peace with him, ibid. Renewal of the war between him and" Henry, againA whom he forms a confederacy, 451. He is totally defeated by Henry at the battle of Noyon, 452. SubAitutes his fecond fon Dew is ss his a floe i ate, and difconcerts his great lords,: 455. His death, and excellent character, Ibid. *------V ili. or the Lion, hiftory of him, xi. 1, & fec|. He is prevailed on by the pope, againA his will, to put himfelf at the head of the crufade again A the Albigenfes, 2. Be- Aeges Avignon, before, which his army being reduced to an handful by the fword, dnlempers and famine, he grants th em a capitulation, 3. His death, and different accounts of it, ibid. Reflections on his character, 4. ------IX. commonly called St. Lewis, king of France, ft ate or that country during his minority, xh 5. Difputes about his coronation, which are over-ruled by the queen, who excluded the claims of the great land feudatories, 6. ■j - He I N D E X, He- beats the Engliih, and makes greatf reformations* iri- h¡3 -kingdom, 13. Falling i!L and being,. impreSed^with: tbe: obligation he- was underto/take- the crofs, he makes-.great' preparations for • a crufade,. 14. -Settles the affairs of his kingdom,' and ■ redrefies ?:grievances' previous ,to his expedi tion, and refers1 his differences with England to his bifhops, ..i5..:,.;.His;. wife difpohtions for the cruiade, and perfonsof diffnciion engaged in it, 16, 17. : Strength: and expence cf his -army, 17. fe.-H.e-' is made prifoner with: his oScers, But regains his liberty by ranfom, 18. He refoives to con- : tinue in PaleiHne, 19. He r.ecei yes com pi ion exits of con- : dolence from the :Ghriftian powers, panicularly... pope.: In -. nocent,; and his deliverance is interceded for by the emperor Frederic:.II. mo, 21. . Is outwitted by:the Barbarians, but de feats them, 21. Inffances , of his ireligious Indolence- and . infatuation, 22. His mother .dying,, he determines on returning to Fran ce,: where- b e i s v iiited by Henry III. of England, and fhews greab tokens o f friendihip for that ■ prince, 22, 23. Befornis ■ abuies,. dec. 23. ; Campofes a . code of laws, 24. - JH ïàipaihonnior./ crufaclng- reviving, he befieges X-ums, where he is cut off by a peftilentiai dlfeafe, 25, 26. S mnmary of his hiffory and character, 26. His marriages and iffue, 27. L E W IS X . king of France, fur named- Hutin, ortHe Boifter 0 us, puts M affgni, his hrft minifter, wrongfully to de?.th> xi. 4 6„ He is outwitted by the count o f Flanders, who re covers .-Courtray from him, 47. His death, and ftate of France at that time, 47, 48. ------— X L king.of France, his policy, and ingratitude to the duke of Burgundy -at his aeceihon, xi. 222. Lays a plan for re-annexing the dominions of the duke of Burgundy:and Bretagne to the crown of France, 223. Edward of/England joins the dukes of Burgundy and Bretagne in'a confederacy againff him, 224. A formidable confederacy is entered: into againfc him, 226. His conduit thereupon, and fuccefs in Bretagne,: 227. Proofs of his great policy with refpedt to the nobility, 228. A new confederacy being formed agamft him, he Is Supported by his dates, 229* Forces the duke of Bre tagne to-agree to a treaty, and to renounce all alliances to his ' prejudice, 230. Hë négociâtes with the duke of Burgundy, who makes him his priloner, but fuffers him foon after ta depart, 230, 23t. .Confpiracy of his mmifters againfl: him, whoon he puniihes by confining them in iron cages, 231. His war with the duke of Burgundy, 233. He gains over the Engliih nobility by lO'ney, and-makes a treaty with ST I N D . E;. X. . : Edward, 237. His arbitrary ' and", cmel government after ^ the- execution : o f the xonihble, 239. After the death of . iGharles :diike:' o f: burgundy; he re-annexes that duchy to . the crown, and divides■ tbe Flemings,.240, 2 4 1 His ma- ■ - iiagernent anditreaty with Edward of England, and corrup' ■ tion of his"fubjeels "by gold, '242, 243c - His great-power :v and - rich es, 244- His : exceffive fupe r'fti tion, and horrible appreher.nons of death, 245. rlis death, and chara£ler, 2454 .246, ■■ ' _ 1j EVFlS XXI. k in g o f France, fur named the Father of his people, account of his mcceiffon, - and. right to the French " ' crown, xi. 26 3, 26 4. O b f a i ns a di vor ce from his wife j ane, daughter :to his predeceffbr, and marries the queen :dow-- ager, 264, 265.- Invades Italy, ane makes himfelf mailer of all the Mil a nefe, 2 65. x.2 2 1 , & fee-. Conquers Naples, ’ and grants Frederic its king a per.non, xi. 267. 'His army . beaten by Gohfa.lvo the. Spaniih general, who reduces Gaeta, by capitulation, ibid. His ill. fuccefs in his war with Spain, ibid. His agreement to marry7 hi s c au ght e r: Claude to Charles, for. of Philip of Auftria, by the treaty' of Blois, ■ which he evades the execution of,"268.' 27.O'. "He becomes jnafter of: Genoa,: and is reconciled to the eraperor Maxi"* . .inilian, ,27 r.. ix. S6',i& feq. xa.1226—-228. • Defeatsthe Venetians, and reduces their part o f : the Milanefe, xi. 272. 4 Is deceived by his allies the ini per i al iits, an dd iiguff slthe : pope, ibid. His.: erroneous c on d udi, - a ridiil ff t uati o nio fh i s affairs in Italy, 274. His avarice, impolitic i’ondnefs ■ for the Milanefe, and.attempt iq; ;repover:: icy when Tisy.owii dominions were on the point of being invaded, 276, 277. He lofes the battle ,of the Spars, which is gained by the Englifh, 278. Renews his engagements with the Scots, who, in con feq u once thereof, are de fea ted with great hau ghter by the. Englifh, and their king flainp ibid.: Concludes:! treaty \vi:h the Swifs, by whieh he: en gages to paytheir .arrears.; which his- avarice prompts.-him torefufe to ra tify, till compelled, thereto, 279. A turn in the fyitem of power in Europe relieves, him hour his embarrailrnents,ibid. Marries, the princcis Marv of England, 2S0. His death, and character, 281/ His itiue, 282. - -— — XIII. Crnaniedthe Juft,- king of France, holes a bed of juffice, in which the tutorihip s:;:i regency are con- . ff r m ed' to the qu een, x L 4 39. Di {trailed- an d d cp’orable flare ■ of-the kingdom in the beginning of his reign, 440, & feq. Dliverences between atm and the ctice:; mother, who is Cent into exile. 450, -& icq. 'Takes lev era! pi -aces from th e pro-. F'tenants, î N : te&ahts, .457, ijûjS* îs riiRoricus over, 'and çmakeg-peace with them, 45g. 460. Hi s- dmigerous ilîn e is,2n d tokens : o f: his friendihip for Richlieu,who having beenfaenfîced. ■ to the qu eeù V r efentment, is reftorcd to greater, favour than Before, 475, 476- Relation of the breach between him . and' the queen mother, 482. ' Invades Lorrain, and -con- . ’ oners feverai places there, 4S3. Lew is X IV . b 0 m to him, 492. His death, 501. LEW IS X IV . king cf France, fnrnamei the Great, hhlory of his reign, x:i. 1 , : & feq. Takes the reins of government into his own hands on the death of Mazarine, 27. His munificence, fplendor of his court, and encouragement o f learning, &c. 28. Dawnings of his great power, and fuc- ceiTes, 28, 29. His war with the: Dutch, and conquefts over them, 3 1, 32. Hambies the dates cf Barbary and the Genoefe, 39, 40. Bribes the citizens of Straibourg to_ de liver" up that city, and cruelly perfe.ciites his yp rote it ant fubjeâh, 40. Beginningof the grand, confederacy again if him, ibid. Invades Germany, takes feverai places there, and cruelly ravages the Palatinate, . 4 1. Protects king James, and. aihils him agsinib the prince of Grange, 42. His fleet -defeated by the Eriglifh at La Hogue, 44. Takes. dSTamur, and7 .gains the. battle of Steinktrk, ibid. Hrs de- ipondency after his great defeats, 33. Death of his family, ~ 58. D Être îles of his dominions,7 his cruel taxations^ and bad faith,. 6 r, 62. Hts death,' and-charaHer,. 63, .6.4:' ^ ' «----- —-XV. fur named the Well-beloved, grandfon and fucceffor of Lewis X IV . king of France, who being an in-' fant at the demife of his predeceffor, the duke of Orleans is declared regent, xn. 65-. Hiilory of his wars and: ex ploits, from his being declared of age in the year 1723, to the time of the expulfion of the Jefuits out of France, in 1766, 68.—135. See F rench. LIB'ANUS, mount, celebrated for its prodigious cedars, i. 163. See L ebanon*. L IB Y A N war, or war of the mercenaries. Hi. iSo. L IB Y A N S of Marmorica, their hiilory, v. 241, & feq. LiLY B Æ lT M , a city of Sicily, befieged by. the Roman can-'7 fuis, and: defended by the Carthaginians under Himtlco, hi. 1S6, & fee,. The hege of it turned into a blockade, 187. LISBO N , brill op of, account of the revolution brought about by him in favour of the houie of Braganza, xiL 354? feq. LOCR 1S, and other ancient kingdom1, hiftory of them, ii. 280. ' ’ X 2 LO M BARD S, 1 LOM BARDS,, hiftory of them,-v. 4 6 4,& feq, Tfe eir origin, and derivation of their, name,■ 464. Accoun-t'of their mi- gratlons, .acecrding to FaulusDiaconus,''from their.. leaving Scandinavia,. 463. '.'Allowed: by the .emperor Juftinian -to fettle in Pannonia, 466»- Their exploits againft'the Ge- pidseand Goths,, .and a Sift Narfes, Ju ft in ia ifs~ge ner al, againft the. 1 atter, ibid. ! They enter Italy at the-invitation: ' ofNarfesy and conquer feveral places there, 467. Exploits : of their kings from who in the year 5 7 0 'was -proclftmed eking of Italy, 467, & feq. Break into Gaulf where they are afterwards defeated, extend their conquefts . in Italy, and-enlarge their territories, 4.69’. 471. 473. 47ft. 480. Defeat the Romans, and oblige the emperor Conftans to ralfe the fiege of Benevento, 479. 'L O N G E V IT Y ' of the antediluvians, various caufes of It ailigned, i. 19. LO R R A IN , origin of the kingQorn of, viii. 38 1, 382. — -r— ----- ■ d uke of, is ordered by the king of Spain to join the prince of Conde’s army, and to march direcUy to Paris, but itops fuddenly and, returns, xiL 17* Marches towards Paris, and is oppofed by Turenne, who retreats from him,, T 9v ■ V ■■ ■ '■ L O T , brother of Abraham,; his miraculous deliverance out of Sodom, i. 116.. Punilhment of his wife, and his inceft with his two daughters, ibid. LO T S of the tribes. :of Ifrael. See them under the refpecHve names of the tribes. L O T H A IR , fon and fucceftbr of Lewis the Debonnalr, em peror of Germany, his . wars with his brothers, viii. 380, 381. Is defeated, and afterwards agrees to a partition of his dominions with his two brothers, 381.; His death, 382. x. 401, 402. ------— II. fucceiTor ol Henry V. emperor of Germany, his election promoted by. the arch bi iho p o f Meutz and. bis party, viii. 433. Takes part with pope Innocent againft the anti pope Anacletus, 434.. Makes, a fuccefsfui expedition Into Italy, whence he drives Roger duke of Apulia, and reinftates pope Innocent, 435.. His other conquefts, and death, ibid. *...... — king or France, his accelnon: to the crown, x. 429. Puts himielf at the head, of a confederacy againft ■ the duke of Normandy, x. 430. R a lies an army- againft the emperor Otho II, makes himfelf mafter of Metz, and gets poiieilion of the imperial palace of Aix-la-Ghapelle*; which be plunders, 431. His marriage, and death, ibid. : LOUIS- ; I N. D- E X . DOüÍSBQU R G TeducédrbyAhè. E ngliíHiin-de r Soft awen and . Amherít. xii. 103. ; LG U TO IS, appointed íeererary forvftjrëîgn affairs. to "Lewis- X IV . xil, 27. Differs wit h the Fren eft genet ais, and ■ treats the .Dutch depuries with great fcorn, offering them mórti- ■ rying conditions, 33. Hit death',.; and odious character, 43« DOW G G U Ñ T R 1ES, cam paigrs: o f l 744 and 1745 there, ix. 239. -Their miierabie Rate under the crue! conduct of the duke of Alva, 304, 305. Campaign there, when the prince of ©range -arris in concert with the duke of Orleans, xii. 3. War there with the Spaniaf ds , :i 4. Cor.tinuatiba of it, 23. Siicceffhs of the French there, 25. War there rti 1677, 37. Affairs in 1564; relating to them,: 243. LU BE G K ER S, their deteffable ■ plot to deftroy the king .and kingly government of Sweden, and war with that .crown and Denmark, xii. 491. Their áengn di fco vered,; the con-, fpirators puniihed, and them ft] ves afterwards defeated by Va fais Sect, 492. LU G ANi ANS enter into a league: with. the: Sam ni tes 2gair.it the Romans, id. 168. LÜGIÜS G IT S AR , ■ fon. of Agrippa, b is b if th and ad option, with his brother Cams, by the emperor Au guff us, iv. 317. He boldly demands the confuii%ip, ÎR the public ftnate, for his brother Gains, then 2 boy, 324. Sent into: the. .Eaffs and his various fuccefs there, 323. His deathj. 326. . LU C U L LÜ S, the Roman general, totally defeats Michridates, and obliges him to ffy into Armenia, íii. 404. Demands Mithridatcs of Tigran es, as g pretence for making Wat upon' him, 495* Invades Armenia, ibid. Overthrows T i- granes with great ilaughter, 496. Takes Tigranocerta by fform, pcííeíies himfelf of the royal treafury, and gives, up the, place to the pi liage of the iolciers ,497- G s i ns ano ther victory over Tîgranes. ibid. The army behaves with great imolence towards him, after which he is difplaced, and fucceeded by PompeyriyçS- iv. 223—225. L G IT P R A N D,kingof the Lombards, fucceeding to the throne, publííhes 2 new body of laws, v. 4S3. invades the exar chate, and takes, plunders, and levels Ravenna with .the ground, 484. A Sifts- pope Gregory and the Romans againff: the exarch, 485, Enters into an alliance with the exdrcb, and beffeges- Rome, 486. Is pcrfuaccd by the pope to raife the fiege, 487. Gregory foiicirs the protection of-the French againff: him and the emperor, ibid. His death, 48^ L U SIT A N IA , part o f: ancient Spain, its boundaries, inha bitants, cities, rivers, &c. v. 267, 268. 1 K 3 LUSITAv» LO SI T AKIAN -S,. d.efcription of them, and of-their maimer : of living, drefs, tr ¿flick, &c. v. 268. ; vnWo 4.* LU TH E R, M A R T IN., account .of -th e . rife ■ of.-his' -- d ifputes with the pomihkans, ix. 93. Thetzer, the pope’s inquifitcr ~ at Frankfort, cond e mns h is writings to the flames y ; and' he isiurrimoned -by the pope to appear before his.xommliTaries ■ at Rome, and at the diet of Augfbourg, but abfcondsy.gAi, 'Proceedings againfl: him and his. adherents in.-Germany,, land an;edici: iifued in the name ofG iiarks, for their im- prifonment, 98, 99. Joins in a deputation - of the prote- Rants to the emperor Charlesj expreffing their ioyalty, and ' rejects the pope’s bull and his au thority at councils,:ilo» X) e fend s. the righ t . of Hen ry, brother of the d like, of M if- . nia and Thuringia, to his citâtes, 112 . His ilr en u o us > e>b - irinacy, and oppefliior. to the pope, x. 244. L U Y N E S, favourite of Henry Ilf. king of France, his ;riie and cbaradler, xi. 449. Succeeds'to theeihies ap 4 places of the marquis D ’Ancre? and renders himfelf obnoxious to the refentment of the people, 451. Strengthens his -influ ence bv marrying the duke of Montbazdn’s daughter, and allying himfelf to the duke of Rohan, 452. His conduct towards the queen mother, ibid, Diigufts the nobles and the queen, 454. His death, and refentment exprefTed againfl him by the foldiery, 458. L Y C IA , its boundaries, cities. See. ii, 78. LYC 1ANS, hiftory of them, ii. 783 & fefl* Their; prigm, manners, government, hiflory, -&c, 78—80. L Y C U R G Ü S , king of Sparta, bis generous con duel towards his brother’s child, ii. 377. He is perfecuted and calumni ated by the queen and her party, travels into Crete, &c. and improves his knowledge, but is recalled by the Spartans, ibid, Refolves to change the form of government, and frame new laws, and his inflitution approved of by the oracle of Delphi, 378. His laws, Ibid. & feq, He is af- faulted by the populace in a fedition, but- kindly .treats one pf the principal rioters, 384. 'His death, by voluntary fail ing, and great honour doneho his memory, 385. L Y D IA , whence fo called,, ii. 7 1, Its boundaries, and fome account of its cities, 7 1, 72. L Y D IA N S, account of their antiquity, and. nature of their government, &c. ¡L 72. Their character, religion, man ners, cuftoros, &c. 72,'72. Their hiflory, 72— 78. . L Y SAN D ER, the Spartan admiral, takes Thafus and, Lamp- ■ J fa'cus, and gains a decifive viclory over the Athenians, ii. $5 J- 407. His character,^ 405, 406. Takes Athens, and ? r ■ ‘ : " ‘ ’ ' commits I .N;; /!>:£- X. ... ■ commits the government, of it to thirty cpsrfons,■ 4.07 c '-tiis ■■■ arbitrary. and; ambition3 condocRwhich herng. expofed at V: -Sparta, he is recalled,-■ 4 0 $.i ■ Is outwitted by Ph2.rnaba2.us the Periian, 409» : His-government op poled by -the Athe nians, but is- afterwards reconciled to them» ibid. ' M ifun- derifanding betwixt him and Age ilia us, 411. His plot for . over turning - the , government o f Sparta, as' related by PI u- tarch, 4 12 . . Commands an : army . againil the Thebans, inarches towards Beeotia. and is defeatedand flam at Hall-- artus, 4 13. -r LY SIA S, general of Antioch us. his fuperior ' army- defeated . by Jud as, i. 4.5 7. See J u d as ■ M a c c a b a c s ... - - L Y SI MACHO S, ion- in -1 aw of Anti pater, one .0 f 1 Ai exan- dePs fuccejQbrs, enters Macedon,. and claims naif or that kingdom from Pyrrhus, til. 347. Invades and ieixes it to himfelf, ibid. D life niions in his thmilyl 34S. : His ¿domi nions reduced by Seleucus,. by whom he is defeated and Sain, 34S—374.

M» T^yfACCABEES. See M a t t a t h ia s , J u d as, NA- ■ t h a n , Sim o n, M ACEDO N, h-iftory of the kingdom of, from the death of Alexander the Great, to the conqueft thereof by the Ro mans, rii. 336— 368. State of it at the-death 'of Alexan der, 336. Settlement of Ir by Callander, 341. Abandoned by Demetrius, and divided betwixt Pyrrhus and LvÎhna- chus, who afterwards feizes the whole, 347. See L t s i- m a c h u s . Taken poileffion of by Antioch us, ion ot De metrius, 349* PArt of it recovered by: Antigonus,.-whofe fon Is afterwards chofen king of It, 35 r„ Reduced to a Roman province, 368. M ACED O N IA, deicrlptton of it, its ancient name, boun daries, and various inhabitants, Hi. 245. Situation, chief mountains, and rivers, See. 246, 247. M ACEDO NIAN kings, hiftory of them, and: of their ex ploits, iii. 251, & feq. r ' ..——-----— 1 war, between Philip and the Romans, w. log. Second, 203, 204. M ACEDO NIANS, their antiquity, government, cuftoms, laws, and manners, Hi. 24.7, & feq. Their military at- chievements from the acceßion of Alexander the Great to the death ot Demetrius, one of his ikcceiibrs, 273— 335* M ACHiEUS, general of the Carthaginians in the reign of Cyrus or Cyan ares, reduces a great pert of the if; an d of K 4 Sicily, ! . N - Sïcxly5 ui. x4-<5. H e.is^defeated;-by.the Sard! *în Sardinia,■' and-thereupoa baaiihed of his countrymen, ibid'. - -/Befieges Carthagèsr where:he -crucifies.his fen Carthalo for dîObédi ence«' and afterwards'' reduces the- city, 147. ' "Attempting to .fubv-ert the^eoriflnution, and introduce-arbitrary power, be is -put to''death bÿ tbe Carthaginians, T47, M Æ € E N A S , a_great patron .of learning and able fiatefman ' : .in. the -.reign of Augufius, infiance: of his great .afeendehey over that emperor, iv. 323. His death, and that of -Horace, : hi s int Î ma te'fr ien d 4-; ihid f . ‘ v M rER IS,the wonderful lake of, -in -Egypt^ its defeription, Î. 63. :MÆ RG VÆ U ;S, : fon and fucceiTor~:of Gîddiô, king' of the Franks, account of “his efbabîiihmeut in"the fovcrcignty, v* 393. 'His-Heath, ande xe el 1 e nt char act e r yibi d. MAGDEBO ü RG, taken: by T illy th e ■: Au ft r iangen e ral fwh o cruelly butchers 30,000 of its 'inhabitahts^ ;ptündersy and' . ,xed.uces it to.aihes, ixV 158^: 139.'■ . M A G N E H T IU S, commander ofi:part of theRoman army tinder Confiant'iiis, rebels, and caufes’ Conftans, ypungefi; fon of ■ Gonftans, and one bf : the princes of the empire, to he murdered,: v. "6. Makes hlmfelf mailer or his domi nions, and behaves .with great cruelty, 7. .' Confiantms at tacks and overthrows1 him at the bloody battle of Murfa, 8. He- flies to Gaul, where he raifes a great army, is after wards totally defeated by Confiantius, and: kills htmfdf, 9. ' M A G O , the Carthaginian genera’, iucceeds Machaeus in the command, in. 148. Counteriancesvirtue'inthe army and ftate, enlarges the dominions, commerce, &e. of Carthage, and leaves his high .offices to his fons Afdrubal and Has milcar, ibid. ' ' ■ ■ - ■ *- M AH OM ET , the great imp odor and legifiator of the Arabs, - his birth, vi. 25. Char abler of his' country and' country men, the inhabitants ;of Mecca, 26. Gare: of' him: in his’ infant Rate, 27. Character of him in ’his yo'uth, and'ac quaintance with Sergius the monk, ioid.' Makes his firfi; campaign under his uncle Abu Taleb, againfi the tribes of. Keran ahd \ Hawazan,: 28. ' Marries Kadijah a ' widow of great quality and fortune, ibid.* Some account of his rife, diG co u rage men ts.&c. and ihocking fentiments and refoIution,29,' His abfurd and impious doftrine, as contained in the Koran, ibid. His pretended religion, termed Hamifm,' 30. Con verts his wile, her uncle, and others of great note and in- fiuence, and opens his million to his tribe, which being re-. Tiihed by young AH, he appoints him-his vifier, 30, 3 1. Preaches his doctrines % his danger thereupon^ and great : refoluuom, Î I Î DES,' ïefolution, 31. His impious, yet artful pretences tinder the failing iicknefs, great eppofittan agairhi him.» and dif- periion of his followers by the Koreiih., 32. Afibciatioft again®: him, bis danger, and retreat thereupon, 33, p is art to break the afioclation, and increaie of his followers, ibid. His prophecies artful and vague, 34. Perfecuted by the Ko- reith, and retiring to Tayel, is difappolmed in his views of converti on there, and turned out of the town, ibid. Returning to Mecca, he gains proielytes there, 35. Brings his fy- fbsm to a nearer conformity to the'Mofaic diipeniation, and an account of his journey with the angeî Gabriel, ibid. Account of bis itages through heaven, the white cock of his fécond heaven, the throne of God, and pretended in terview with the Divine Majeity, 36. His bold Actions even ftanle himfeif and reduce the number of his fol lowers, 37. Conjectures on his conduct, and reafons of his fuccefs, 37, 3S. His vifit to heaven deemed allegorical by nioit of the Arabs, 3S. Strength of his party, and re fort' and firm attachment of the AnArs cf Mecca to him, 38, 39. Imitates Jefus Chnil in the number of his apoilles, andby filling himfeif their head. 39. An afibciation formed àgalnfi him in Mecca ; and an afiahination of him projected by the Koreiih, 49. His wonderful faculty in inventing miracles, in order to extricate himfeif from dangerous com binations, ibid. Efcapes from his afiaihns by fixatagem, and bv throv/ing gold-duit into their eyes, 40, 41* Re flections on his general conduct, 4.1—43. Attacks and takes the Meccan caravan, and behaves with great cruelty to the captives, 43, 44. Punifhes the Jews, and is with dif ficulty re ft rained from butchering them, 45. His marnages, and unbounded latitude for the lake of gratifying his amo rous complexion, ibid. He is attacked and defeated by the Koreiih, who neglect to improve their victory, 46 — 49. His truce with the Koreiih, and murder of hîs mif- ■ ficnaries by the Arabs, 50. Attempts to ailaihnate Son an, and plunders the Jews, ibid. His wife regulations, y j, Farther progrefs and conqueits, ibid. Strong confederacy formed againfi: him by the Koreiih, which efrech nothing by reafon of their difunion amongfi themfelves, 52. His artful conduct, and war of the ditch, wherein he baffles his enemies, 52, 53. His great cruelties to the Koreidites, whom he fubdues, 53. His debauchery, impieties, and mur ders, ibid. Tranfgreiïes his own law, to fatisiy his lufi, 54. Subdues the Arab tribes, and gets great riches, 54, 55. invites the Greek emperor Heraclius to turn Moilero, and ' ■; ’ open I-- n d E'.-X;;.- ■. opena trade "wlthTimJ. 55. HeSeftion on' the increafe o f ' iiis- power* ibid... ^Cruelty, to home Inimcere profeffors of his : -deliifions, 56- Plan of. his government, and inftance of his- ' -:g ratitud e, ib id; His e mb ar r affm e n t and ad dr efs with;r elation u to the incontinence of his wife Ayeifca,' 57, 58. Vifits-the" Koreiih, and concludes a treaty wkhtbem, 58..; HisCetn- haiiyto -Egypt and Ethiopia, 59. 60. Befieges and takes ; Kiabar, whither the Jews had reforted, and other places* 60, 6r. / His impious practices .under the cloke of religion, 6a. Vlilts the Caaba» and continues his fuceelTes, . ibid*. Kis ■: pulpits, fiaughter of his men, and affainnation . of . his /; ■ ambaffador, 63. Gains-thebattleoi Mu tai again if the Im- i perial trbops with great lofs, ibid. Effects of his great power and policy, 64.' inftances ’ of his humanity and - : mercy, 65. ; Gains the battle of -Honein, and?,a£ts with clemency towards the vanquHhed, 66; r His; duplicity of con duct; wuhrefpebt to female captives Bifall owed* of by his followers5 ibid. Is obliged to ralfe the fiege o f. A 1 Tayef, 67. Takes Waba, a town of the :Thakafitesj where he / acquires a great plunder, ibid. Gainsmew profelytes, hut is iufpe£ied of impoilure by his foilowers,68. c V ifits Mec- : ca, fubdues the Caabites, and becomes a patron of poetry, : 68, 69. His fuccefsful expedition to Tabuc, part of the dorninlons of Heraclius, 70, 7 1.: Puniihes the Meccans,: and reduces the warlike tribe of Shakif, 7 1. Piis farther policy -; appoints Abubeker his: deputy, and revokes his : edicts, 72. Farther■ hiffory of his conquefts, dec. to the time of his death, 73, 5c feq. His pretended miracles ex ploded, and farther fucceiles, 73, 74. Lofes all his ions, and is raillied bv: his tempo: iitng converts on that-occafibn, - 74. Obtains feme powerful converts, ibid. Account of bis pilgrimage to Mecca, and reflection thereupon, 75, 76. Account of the poifon ad in inrife red.;-to himbyHaretb j ii{ter of the giant Marhab, whom he had killed, and its effects, 77. - Two impodors ftart up in oppoiition to him, one - of . whom, is affainnated by his contrivance, 78. Account of his death, anti reflections oh hts hiffory,- 78, 79^ His. .policy with refpect to his general conduct, and" fuccef- . . iron, 80, Particulars: of his. laff will, ibid.: ' His delirium,-. and death, So, 8i. His burial, ana cifputes concerning , it, 83 . M AH M UD, fultan of Bagdad, and: ion of Sabektekin,. the Turk, his rife, power, and ad vantages i n India, v if 491. His . vaft fucceffes, 492.' Progreis in India, and fucccfs on pis return, 493, Conquers Irak; and defeats Biff,'.a■; powerful Tndoffan -Indoilair king, andtakeshis fer tuefs o i Bènefim, with InN merde \ riches.,.. .494» ' * v Conçu ers;: In doit ah , and-. defeats A î tua• .v Xafh, an. Indian prince, 495. Eftimate ;of his itnmenfa • riches, 49 8. -Hisvïrtiies7and rem ar kab le ; itor y of his1 piety . and jufrice, 498, 499- r 4hr M AIMO NID ES, ewe els hr at ed JewiiV wri term f great learit- ■ ■ ing.. andmodeify,. account/of ..him;,.. vi 1 * 23ô. ; Frotedfed;by . ALXacel,.-an/E^ptian^inaglifratejIhid. -■ ■. M AÏN FS.O I, made;:.: prince' -of Tarento, and -regent of the ■ flxco'.Sicilies,.fhy^ 100- Cuts in pieces part . of .pope Innocents army, and makes lumfelf mailer of /Naples,; to-i*. A ikit s / : th e- : C l belin es a gain it the Florentine ,. G uelphs, and ,ca aies-: pub 1 ic jufrice to ■ be. ad mi mitered in. .Florence in hisname, ïo.3-.f : SejeAs^he propoials :bf pope Alexander for an accommodation, ice. His prosperity and. . great power, in Lombardy exa fpe.rares the pope againit him, 105. Cru fade of the French aga-nft bus dominions pub- lifhed by pope Urban, ibid... tie is baiely deforced by his Neapolitan forces, and defeated and killed by Charles, of Anjou,. who makes. 2 barbarous and brutal ufe of his vie- ■ tory, ic6- ; ■■ . M A L U L A , chofen king by the Sueyes, ravages Lu£tania,y. 3S3.- Is killed, 384. km.. M A LEC , fultan of the Seijuks, lucceecs Aip Arfian, and de- . feats Marubei his rival, vi !.. 28.. His' char acier, 30. .Con.* quefts, 31. Hiftory. of his minifter. Nadham, and epiilo- lary corf e impendence between them, 34— 36. His: death, and character, 30, 37. M A L T A , ill and of, beiiegedby Soleyman, viii. 154. Siege of it raifed by the arrival of fuccours from Sicily, ibid, M A M LÜ K S, account of them, viii, 124. T hey aredefeated by the Othmar.s, 125. M AN ASSEH , lot of the two half tribes of, i. 226—22S. ------king of Judah, his wi eke dr A g n, i. 42.2. His ..captivity, penitence, and reitoratiopv 42-3- M AN G U , great khan of Tartary, confpt racy, again it' him difcovered and defeated, vli. 343- His; cruelty,; ibid- Curi ous account of an emhaiïÿ fent-him by St. Lewis: of France, 344. Strange religion of his emprefs, .who eatsvand gets d r unk i n.< the cha pel, 345- His great ambition and idol «try,

fault upon it, ibid. His char acier, 348 -■ MA-NKli’ND , difperfions of, and various fettlements, i. 37, ¿1 T?U MANNA - - I'yN ' D; E-2C ■ ■ . M ANNA,- the miraculousfood--provided for.the Ifraelitesy ■ as account' of It, and.method of gathering- It, :i. 339. , M A N SFIE LD , count,' his vigorous -and’'(effectual 'eSorts in • behalf-of the emperor - Frederic, ix .'.146, &. fec^. -- Takes"- . Ladembcrg, and r aifes- the- fiege of Ftankendal.,' 148. His army Is attacked, -and part of-it'cut. off by.; T illy, and the -reif obliged to Sy to the Palatinate for want ' of money s and prorifions, -i4.g. He is c efeated by 'WallenSein," 152.' ;Ef- ' feels' his. jun&ion with Ga&or,--by"whoin--,.--he''fi.S'v'betraye{i,-- Lbid'i-v.rHis--death'-.and: ex c ell en tc ha r a cl e r ,15 3 :. M A N U EL COM NEN US, emperor -of the. Eaft, be&ges- Ico -.. ■ niurn, which ilcge he Is obliged to raife, r. 184. W ar betwixt him:: and Roger kingofSicily, with whom hie con- .-.eludes apeace, 185. Defeats the Servians, and; Hungari ans, and makes peace-■ ■ ■ wlthf-the^ Guts off a Turkiihy army "that had been - feat to*ravage Phrygianli$6. H is? death, Ibid. MAEGELLUS.appointed- by Vitellius to fhcceed Pilate in the. ’ government :of-’.Judea,-;i: 533. .—-f t ------if. and Paul IV. 'popes"fucceffively, x. 271«. M ARG IAN .raifed'to the- ibverelgrsty- of the Eaft -’by thLeffi“ prefe Puicheria, who marries him on eerta t n -conditidns, 7*. '97-. His birth, and great charadier, ibid. His death, i02. MARGOMANS,h iftory of them, v. 417—419. Their ori gin-. 417. Sue for peace from Auguftus, which isgranied - them, 4 1 S; " Are invaded by Domitian,. and obtain partfof Pan non! a from the emperor, ibid. Submit to the Roman emperors, 419. M ARCU S A U RELIU S A N TO N IN U S, fuccefior of An to- . n-rous Pius the Roman onperor, his extraction, education, and amiable difpofition, iv. 4SS, 4S9. Is made emperdr:-:by : the Senate, and declares Lucius Verus his partner in the fovereignty, 489. Dreadful calamities in bis reign, and defeat of the Parthians in two battles, 489—491. He takes the held wiih Verus againd the Marcomanni, who defeat his army,, and ravage his territories, 492. Sells his plate, - Szc. to defray the charges of the war, and relieves the ne- ce Si ties of the people, 493. Remarkable deliverance ofhis army by a ihower of rain, when pent up: by hhe 'Marco- snanni in a barren pi ace, 494. Reduces the country of the. Marcomanni and Sarmatlans, and con lira ins them to fue- i ’or peace, 495. Governs -with great clemency, 496. His - goedneis and condefcenfion in forgiving the Antiochians and others-who had fided with Caihus againft him, 497« Enters Rome in triumph with Commodus, ibid. Gains a vn I-N -p-.E-.-3 l. .f vhRory over the Marcomanni and: other barbarians, -4gS.: H E death , excellent .charadder, and errunen t writers. and. phi* , lofophers that Scndihedda bl^reign, 49S,’ 499. M A R G A R E T ,. ¿slighter of AYaldemar, being eie&ed queen . . o f , Denmark, by the Sates, names :Eric of Pomerania her lucceSbr, which oceanons a war, c e ll406. . ...Being made.' queen or' Denmark, Sweden, sad Norway, £he eftablifoes ... her íucceíEon :b^ a ftmdamemallaw, ..coniolldates her three kingdoms., into,. One,: and. reigns, without n rival, 408^ Her glory, ana deteca on and puniftiment of an- knpoñoig ibid. Hsrdsath, and character, 409. .. M ARIAM híE, wife of Herod,, incurs the refen iment of Sa lome, Herod’s fiiler, who confpires againif her, !. 491* 493,, She is put to death by Herod,.404. See HeaoD. M ARIU S, lieutenant of the Roman confuí and ..general- Me- tellus, defeats theYumidians and Mauritanians, and takes Jiigurtha prifoner, iv. 2,13. Alfo defeats t b e F entones, Ámbrones, and Cimbri, with prodigious' daughter, 214 . Civil w:ar between' him. and Sy lia, 2 16... Lays hege to Rome, in conjunction with Cinna, into which they are admitted by the fenate, and..make a dreadful maFacre of the inhabi tants,. 2 17 , 21S- . Eis death, 218. 22S. MARLB.O.ROÜGB, duke;, of, takes Bonn, .on . the:. Lower Rhine, after a ñege of fourteen days,: and joina the reft of the confederate- army, ix, 206. Beats the- French;; and Ba varians out of their entrenchments at Schdlenberg, 208. Gains the battle of Blenheim, and totally routs theFrenck army commanded by marihal Tall aid, whom he takes pri foner, 209. Coniequences of his victory, and, his active zeal for the common caufe, 210. Defeats the French army under the marihal Villeroy and the duke of Bavaria at R a- milies, 2x6- His influence declines at the Fng’iih court by means of the Frenchified party there, 224. M A R SEILLES, horrible plague there in 1720,.xii. 67,; 68. M A R Y , queen of England, reftores popery there, x. 27c. MASAN1SSA, king of Numidia, is difpofféíied of his kingdom, by Syphax, but regains it on his defeat by Scipio, iv. 197. Adlib the Carthaginians againit the Romans, v. 221. Ac count of h Is ,tr an i a<31 o-n $, 221, 222. Declares for the Ro- , mans, who liberally reward him, 223. Forces the Carthagi nians to conclude a peace with him on his own terms, ibid. His death, and diyi&on of his kingdom among his three fons by /Emiliamis, 223, 224. M ASUD, fultan of the Seljuks, his hiílorys vii. $4. Great ftreggth, abilities: as a ftateftnaa and poet, and death, ibid. MATTATHIAS. I N '■ M A T T-A TH IA S, inftanees of his zeal. arid bravery m he~ •■ ■ .half-of.'the-Jews,;i>';4:53 v-4 5 4 * _ Reftofes the divine wdrihip,, and appoints' Judas his ion to fuccee d.lhim,:-454* -.His death, 455, ' ■ -* M A T T H IA S , -the arch duke, elected governor by the {fates of-Hungary -at Prefburg, ix. 133. . The "Hungarians cbufe him -their;fcing^ and be: Is put in poiieifion of Hungary1 and' Auftria at -the- treaty of: Prague, ibid. Difference between : ;,Bim and; the -emperor Rodolph his ' brother,-: who ;difa vows the treaty of Prague, 134; He is crowned k in g o f Bohe- - snia, and confirms his proteftant fubjecis there in all their privileges, 136. He is choice emperor of Germany, and has: foroe difputes with the Porte relating to the poftefiion of Tranfylvania, 137. Gives audience to thepernanrand Mufcovite ambaftaders,' 2nd fummons a "diet ;at:> Ratiiboh- .jfor the reformation of abufes, ibid. His partiality1 to "the catholics is complained of by the proteftants, -who defert the diet, and protefts againfha: fubfidy granted by catholics, 1 38. - Opprefies- the Bohemian proteftants, and- chufes his couiln Ferdinand archduke of Gratz Icing'of Bohemia for that end, 140. - Threatens the Bohemian proteftants,- which they d efpifin g,' are fuccefsful againft him in Boh era is, and take Pilfen-under the-conduct of the famous count Manf- neld, 1 £i. His death, 142. M A U R IC E, prince,'- general of the ftates, his fucceftes againft the Spaniards, ix* 325,-326. Reduces Groningen, 327. - His farther fucceftes, 330. The- ftates becoming jealous Of him, ordered him to attack Mendoza, which he Is obliged . to comply with ineftedtuaily, 333. 'Gains the battle oF I\T ewport, and takes the Spaniih generals prifoners, 335. Proofs of his amiable dlfpohtion, ibid. Is diftrefted by the injudicious orders of the ftates, but gains not with {landing fome advantages over the Spaniards, whole army mutinies, 337. Takes Slays, and gains great/honour thereby, 3381 Prize of war difputed between him and Spinola, the cele brated Spaniih general, 340, 341. Endeavours In vain to" interrupt the negociation with the Spaniards, 344. Is no bly rewarded for his iervices by the ftates, on their being declared-an independent people,-345. Favours the Goma- rifts or predeftinarians againft the Arminians, though himielf a friend to the latter, 347, 348^ His diffimulation; but prevails, and makes attempts on the liberty of the prefs, 349. Propofes a national fynod, which the ftates, fufpedi:- ing him, oppofe, 2nd attack his conduct, 3 5 1. . His difputes With the ftates, and ambitious behaviour, ibid. Im- I N n H X. pnfons .:Barneveldf3 Grodùs, ;and;-others, 352. ' Attempts - ■' tofurprife An twerp,.which hefails in, 354. ..■■ A,.conspiracy c agaiirft him dlfcoyered and punlfhed, and the Arminians ; peiSecuted in confequenee of it, 355-:: ; His death, 359. . ' M AX IM IL IA N , fon and iueceilor of F red eric. 111,. of „A uftns, emperor: of Germany, marries .the Leirefs of ;Bargunoy,> •;: ; and takes part wuhthe Flemings againfh the French king, ix. 74, 75. Isfuccefsful in the. Low. Countries, 75, -Is’ chofen - king of the Romans, 76. . TheFlammgs, beingdiC- guSed at the diforcers of his troops, imprison him, and ' - behead his four chief co un fello rs, but is delivered- at the interpoStioa of the pope: and emperor, 77. His acceihon. to-the-empire, .79.'. , Joins in. a confederacy with the Italian 3 againft Charles king of France, who defeats the allies. So. :H:s. deplorable ft tuation with refpecl to Lewis the .Moor of .Milan . and the Friefianders, Sr. The Swill enter;into an ' alliance with. Lewis-. again if him, and defeat his army, ■ ■ ibid. Is chofen umpire to fettle the d Lifer enees, beeween Sweden ana Denmark on account of Lubeck and the.Han.fe T own s, . and heads the princes of. the e mp ire : to quell an inforreHIon of the Germans, 84. Breaks with the Vene tians, •who defeat his army, 86. C onfe qu e n c eso íh is: rup ture with them, and ■■ their fuccefs againft him, 87, 88. Treaty of Blois '-.between. hira ; and Lewis Idng.. of France, and. his project to ,become pope, 88, 89. -Untéis into an. alliance with Lewis, whole troops gain fome * conquefts over the Venetians, Sg. Difappointed with refpccl to his defign of acquiring Milan and other conquefts in Italy, go. Letter to his: daughter on his fcheme of being made pope, 90, 91. Takes part with the Hanfe Towns in their quarrel with the Danes, and ferves under Henry VIII. of England as, a volunteer at.the battle of the Spurs, gt. His bad facceifes,' and propofal to cede the Imperial crown to Henry V ili, fora pecuniary confide rat ion, gz. : Endeavours to procure the fucceffion to the Imperial crown for his grand- fan. Charles, who is elected after his death, 95. Kis death, character, and iffije, 9.5, ,96. .., . .. M AXI MIN, or M AXIMÍÍlNUS, a Goth, afterwards, emperor, * ftirs up the Gallic legions to mutiny, vi. 533* -Caufes- Alex ander to be aíFadinated, 534. Is declared emperor by the ' Pannonian troops, 535. His exrraitìcn, preferments, Re. ana exceftive cruelty, ibid. Confpiracy formed againft him by M a gnus, ' which he dife overs, and m aflames 4.0C o.. fu foe Red perfons, 536.' Gains leverai victories over the Germans, Dacians and Sarmatians, but exaiperates the people.asa;nft 8 " him . f ET Dv\EV:.XT; ■ 'trim fey M$-:enorraffies5 .ibich He'îhdeclakeff ' my by Ahe-fenate j and the -two. Gordians chofen-dn nis !itèadg ’ 537 * His rage thereupon, and defeat : and deatd- : 6f -;ihe Gordransj' ibid. Maximus’ marchés’ agdi'nûdiiài^-^¿g.■. ’"Hé ^femardered fry^the ^baniaiis; 539« F f '. MAXIME? Si. com man der of the ' Roman' forcés, in Britain,' ‘ in - the reign; of Theodoras, revoi ts5- and - prevails .on' fevcral : Gauhfh princes to join him, v. 51. Gnthedeath of Gra- ':'tian, he declares his fon Victor bns-èoiJè^üeiâh'd Is.him.- felf acknowledged couegue by Theobofius, 52- Invades the dominions of Valentinlan, 57. His army is intirely defeated by Theodbfws, arid' its gemeral drownedgyfk He is delivered up to him'in'chains, and- beheaded by the peo ple;, ibid...... M A Z A R IN E , cardinal, and'mini itérât the French court, in the regency of the duke o f Orleans and minority of Lewis X IV . great confidence placed' in him'by the queen regent, and fome account 'o f his difpofittqh and"raeaiures,:xli. ' 3. Gbardefer of 'his mmiftry, 5. Embarfaffes the négociations at Munffer, and gains an intire afcendency over the . queen regent, ibid. His management of the "war a ga inti "her bro- ’ then the king of Spain and in Italy, 5, 6. Is jealous of 1 the " prince of Ccndé, and is oppofed'By the court and par- ' lia ment, 7. He is hated' by the people,, but favoured by the queen-mother, 8. Party of the Frondeurs formed again it him, and his conduct with refpedt to them, 9, His rigorous proceedings towards them incehfes the people, and reduces the queen to great difirefs, and obliges her to qiuit Paris, no. His intrigues and difficulties, ¡ 3, Confpiracy of the Frondeurs againif him, backed-by the dak'e of Or leans, and his fiight to the army thereupon, 14. Raifes an army, which he clothes in a dlffncl' livery from the king’s, and returns to court, 16, The parliament of Paris fe ra price on his head, but their efforts again ft’him prove inef- fedlual, ij. Returns to Paris, where he difplays great talents as a minifler, 20. Inferior to'Cromwell in his abi lities, 22. He is driven, to extremities by the rough and in trepid conduct of that ufùrper, but bs filed by him in his wicked intrigues, 22, 23. Further account of his behavi-- our to Cromwell, and the tffeels of the private treaty be tween them, 24. Endeavours to bring about a match be tween the king and his niece, 26, Further particulars-of his conduct, and death, 26, 27. Behaviour of Lewis, af ter his death, 27» 7 M ED IA* ^ E " x l . , ... « © l A y Xiriory and, defcnption cf 'it, arid 1 account - df its - government, laws,treliglon, e,- -ii«83, & fee., its- nameyf iituatibn, fee. cities,:.xbt'ef mountains and ^nvefsi^'ioiiân^- ■ ■ climate, 83—-S5. Origin-of its inhabitants, their govern ment, character, cu floras, and manners, ¿cc. 86, Sy. ■ MEOIANyklngs,- hiftory’ ofth e m , to the;'transferring of their empire to .me Ferilans, ii. 87— 94. M E DIGI family, in :;Fiofence, their rife, and' war with th e■.■ duke of Milanj Sec. x. 1S2— 188. M EH EM ED , feeceiTor of Tamerlaney d line cit ies a: his ac- ceSion,; and oppohrion:ricnvKaltl, .who- mounts the throne, yii. 451» Rrifestroops, and puhliines his claim, which is -;artiVered by Kalii, 452. Is defeated by him, and fees, to . Kandahar, but afterwards comes to a compromife with his ■ ■ competitor,.■■452.■ His: vizier rebels, and is put to’ death by him, ibid. ■-: M ELA I^P GfE TULIy.or N IG R lT iy fuppofedto Be the fared people, hlflory o f: them, and of their - territories, y, 2394 2404 Their.-anhohf^ &c. 240. 4 ; 4 ■ M E L IT U S, the fort o f: Me! it us, a Pythian,: a cc u fes Socrates - to the;rin,atef and .procures: his condemnation and d sat by at the mitigation cf Anytus,' ii.’ 361, ; 362.. ■■ He-■ is con*■ ■ :dem-ned!to; deathi;;'b.y '.the Arhemapri:3S.2v';:; ; MEM N Q M , colo£fai flames of, id Egypt, if .3 0 ., 4. M EM O RIA L delivered- b y - the Spaniiii ambailador to i'H'rit- 01 Portugal, relating to the breach between the . two crownsi.. . -yii. 370, 371. ; ■ ■■■' ■. “■ ' ' 4. M EN ELA U S, high-priefl of the Jews, fupplants -his . bro-* the r J a ion, and, In order to ingratiate himf elf with Anti- ochuSj 2poilaft7.es from his old religion, i. 450. Strips the temple,-in order to make good his payment td; the king, - arid incenfes the jews again it him, ibid. The Jewilri Sanhe drim accufe him to Antiochus, 'whereupon he betakes him-. . fd f to bribery, and thereby efcapcs punifnm.cnt, out in re venge gives a ioefe to his impious and tyrannical; dlipohtion,, 451. Afllfts Antiochus in the prophahaticn of the temple, ibid. Is accufed by Lyiias of miTconduCt, condemned to t death, and calf into a tower of a flies at Ber:ea, 4.62. M ENES, or M iZRAiM , ibid to have bcen tae rirfl- king of Egypty i. 89. Elis acts, ibid,: Opinions of-yarrbus ' thorn concerning him., 90. ' :: M E P ffiB G SK E T H , fon of Saul king of the Ifmelitcs, Ziba’s treac herouS b eh a v i o ur tohim , i. 391* He is ip .-.red by David, when the G;bco:rites demanded riven males of h < L 4 i.nner s ' father^;:fa.mily;-tO:be delivered up and put to death'by -them*/ .■ '.39.4? - ■ . -\ ■" - : - :■ - ■ . - M-ERMGVNy fecond califEof.the; h 9 ufe.;of;Qmmyah,.-and ; fuc- '' ceiior of Abdallah. Zobeir his"competitor,As..-attacked ■ b y . hi u fab,, brothex; of 'Abba) Sab, \ whom, he, defeats,_-.yi.__ 220. - InfurrecHon. of the: Shiitea-.. againiEhirn, ibid._'.. Hi s:,death, - and character,, ¿26, 227. ,—;----- IL- fuccciTor. -of Ibrahim the call if, who is de* pofed, .defeat of his general.by Ibrahim's: party, vi. 280. The;eltyc fH em.s dec.lares, aga; nd;h im . hut; be in,g;.admitted■ - into ■ It, - his m,cn are ■ faugh tercd, aitd.^ himfelf narrowl y efcapes from it, 281. : Reduces Damafqus^; defeats^ Soley- .many and fu p p redes his rebellion, ibid... Red uces the Am - - ritse, an A r ab.e Ianand, favo urs;- the :.ChrLfbtans,.282,; 283* . His governor of lrak’ iSL d£i-eaxed _ b.y: K atibaand;; himfeif totally - routed by A b da 11ah, uncle of Ahu 1 Abbas, and-pur- fued. in,to Egypt, c284. :' Remarkable {lory of him and a., nun, and her ■ expedient to preferve hex, chaff!ty fr om;hi s attempts, '385. His death, being behea.ded::by t h e-;p aitifans of- Abbas, and h,Ls charaêr,ibid.v . - .' ME S O F O T AM, 1A, - reduced, by, Cralius, who^.duffers bis troops; to;: co mmit great outrages there, ii„ 199. See C r Al sus. Reduced by Trajan, 2 :3. Ravaged by the, Hunns, ■ .. v- 332- . :y-r:,;b v/-f . ■ .. . MES0 .RO EAbfIANS .„defeated: by Oihniel, judge;-of; the Ifrne 1 i;tes., i. 362. /.. .. ME3SA EIN A , the in famous wife of Cizudius tbe Roraan emperor, influences.him to cruelty, and renders him odious, iv. 373, 374. Initances of herun boimdedIuft-, and, barbari.ty, 375, 376. Her intrigue with: Stilus, whom .dhe publicly marries, and plots her hufoand’s death, 376. Is accufed by iTarcifiusy, her abominatiGns expbied, and Siiius executed., 377, She is put to deathby NarciiTus, 377, 378. M ESSEN E, a city of Greece, withdraws itfel'f.- from the Achaean league, ii.: 485. JM E.TEELU.S, c o m m ande rfo rth e Ro ms ns in Macedonia,: is ordered by the fen ate to; treat; wit EGritolaus,. the Achaean praetor, who ffirs up; t be; m u It i tub e a ga in it t heR o mans ,ii, 495. His deputies inful ted;: at Corinth, ; ibid. Defeats. the Achaean, army commanded;by. Critolaus,. .who is.;:;flain, 496. Takes poiTeffion of Thebes and Megara, 497. Sends new deputies to., treat of an accommodation, which is .oppofed. by the praetor, and he is Succeeded in the command by Mummius, ibid,. Gains a victory over Jugurtha, and is fup- planted by Manus, v. 227. 3 M ICAH , i 'N : Di:E' Xi an idol strdu s -Ephraimlre, a ceou nt o f him, and'the tragical Rory of-the LeviteA concubine,' and Its'bioodycon- fe"quencesy i. 3bay Afeqv ■:. - '"i ■ A H G fiA E I; proc f aim ed em pero ro f ConPantinopley -'and takes ' his fob I f heophyl2¿i for his - parte er in the' era hire,' v.' 13 q ; Her is -infrre3y : defeated by . the Bulgarians, and red * as" ..the ' ■ eropir Atcf'Leo, - who. behaves with bale ingratitude to him, . 139? J 40. . t ,. ■ ' a . ‘ .■-—- -BryBBUS,- fucceftor. of Leo in the Gpnftantino- poiitan empire, dangerous civil war -raifed againit him by cine Thomas a .menial ierv ant, v, 14.1„ Puts the uiurper to a rmierabde’ death,, ibid. His death, 14.3. ' • brother' of: John, ■ ahi.eunhch* 1 of great authority at the court of Conitanrinople, raifed to the .empire by the emprefs-¿bfcfv who' mufdersi:her huibapd 16 ehe£f ity v." 166; Is hung with remo’rie at his" murder of the late emperor, ibid, Reduces the Bnigariaos, rehgns'his dignity, and ’re tire sto'dl nio n ahe ry,w h er evhe’di e s, 167. C aLAPHATES, acknowledged emperor of Con if an t i nop iebehavm g with great cruelty and: ingrati- Ìude^.ìhé'peóhié bre aho ù t' int o a fed iti oh v and depot e him, v. r6yi ' He renres :to :a::monaftefy, whence he his dragged byth e;p 6 pul achy wa or p u to ut hìs'eyes and hanifh him; ibid. —— —— P A L iE G L Q G U S , fainted" emperor of. 'the Greeks, after the’ victory gained over ■ Michael Angelus of EpiruS, v. } 96, Recovers Còh Rari tino pi Afrortv the Latins, which he enters in a triumph ant manner, 1 ad, 197, Encourages the Latins co continue.in rhadty, grant ing: them many and great privileges, but uhjuPly orders his 1 young ward the emperor to be deprived of his light,’ to fecure the fovereignty, 197. Endeavours to ctfect a union between the Greek ana Latin churches, but behaves with cruelty, and is excommunicated by the pope for contribut ing to the mailacre of the French.-in'Italy, called the Sici lian vefpers, 108. His death, ibid. A ll D IA N ,. or M AD I AN , fo or th fon ■ o f Abraharrs: b y ; Setti- ràh, 'hiftory of him and his deicendants, i. 125, Sc ieq. — land of, its extent, i, 23m M ID i ANTTES, poSèfity of Midjan, fourtli 'fon of Abra ham by Keturah, their learning, &c. religion, and hi Por y, l sh6“ ~X29, M IL A N “taken ’by the Goths In the feign of the emperor Juilintah, add prodigious daughter made of. the inhabi tants, v. 449. ’" „ r —. L 2 M IL E - I N -n. E X. M ILES IAN S, Inhabitants: of the.ancient Greek : city MiletiiSj- many colonies: foundedvbv them7 iil. 6. \ ■1 M ì LE'TU S , now P aiat afch iày formerly a -city : of '- great '. note, belonging to the,Greeks, ' its iìtuation.,.-and by whom Built, jii. 6. - Famous-for lia tem pie : and oracle of : -Apollo furnamed Didymieus, ibid. Its domeftic. troubks;; ÌTom::fac-' tions, 7. ' Rui ned ; - by the Periìan s, and afterwards. rebuilt by the. Miiefians, ibid. Its tyrants, 8. ■ . cà M IND EN ,: account of the- battle of, ;gained by the Britlih,: infantry, xii.105, lo6.u - M IN G E G N .G , a .great'’Chinefe general, defeats the Moguls, ": and retrieves the Song empire, vii. 338. His good.policy, and excellent management . for the beneiit of his - country, 339- ;■■■ - G-..I' ■' . ■ ...... M IN O R CA , conquered by-,the; French, through -the inacti- \ vity of the Englifh : admiral Byng, xii. 94,, 95. Reflored by the peace of Eon tain bleau, 13 1. MINOS II. the famous- Grecian: lawgiver, account of him, ii.54 6 . Subitanee of his law?, their equitable foundation, and Kiswife and virtuous: government, 547. M IR 'WIS,- head of a- tribe of the : Afgans, and, one, of : their deputies fent to the court of HuiTeyn, the. fhah o f Perirà, hishilior y, and :management, :vHi. 22. Gets the Mahome tan doctors to fide with him again ii the ili ah, on the icore of religion, ibid. . Initance of his profound diiHmulation to wards Gurghim the Perfiangovernor, who is deceived• by him, 23. Murders him with ail his attendants, and gets pciieBion of Kandahar, -Ibid, His further. fuccefies, and pretended entBuuafm, .24* His defeat of the Perfian; ge neral, reduction of the province of Kandahar, and death, ibid. M ISSISSIPPI fcheme, in France, (fei on foot by John Law, a- Scotch projector, and patronized; and .encouraged by the duk e of O rl ea ns, the then r ege nt) kiifory of it, xii.6 6 , 67. M IT H R ID A T E S I. king of Pontus, fucceilbr of Rhodoba- res, Is overcome by Artaxerxes Memnon, king ; of Perfia,., and afterwards concludes a peace with him, iii, 507. En tering into ari alliance with Clearedus5 afterwards;tyrant of HeraGea, he is treacherouily fei zed, and detained Iprifoner by him, till he paid a large fum- for his ranfom, ibid. ------:----- II. kn and fucceifor of Ariobarzanes, king of Pontus, recovers the kingdom after the death of Alexander the Great, iii. 507. Amigonus refolves to cut; him 0H3 but is preveil.ed by his dying into Paphlygonla after which >■ 8 ■ ' he ' he enters- his paternal: kingdom', -and; 'leaves'Rfo Ms' nolle- ' 507,-508. .. ' * ' -- M IT H RI DA T E SI IL fon .-and fuc ced'd r of the fecond of that .name in the kingdom of Pontus, enters into an a)ilance:with the inhabitants of Heraclea, after -feveral: unfuccefsful. at- rtern p ts on- th at pi ace ,111.-508. Hisdeath, ibid. ■' ' I V^. lhcceeds his farher Ariobarzanes IT. , in , the : kingdom^ of Pontusv Id. 50S. Recovers his domimoiis from. the ;feizures 'of the Galatians, ibid. . um,-; - king of Pontas, fon and fucceilor of the pre ceding monarch of that name, makes war on tbeinhabitants dr Sinopes a Greek tity, hut-abandons the er.terprife, iH; 508. ‘Enters , into a (Trice alliance withAmiochus the Great, and marries his daughter to Laocicc, ibid. - - ■ ------VI. king of Pontus, becomes an ally of the Romans, and proves'faithful to them in their war azainit Ariftonicus, iii. ¿09. is treacherouily murdered by fon-je of his intimate acquaintance, ibid...... VXL furoamed the Great, king of Pontus, his ■ caution a gal n R at te m p ts o n his life, and enures himfelf to . hard (hips in his youth,; 1 ii. 509. Makes a progreis through ‘ftfeiklngdomsldfAiia, i s fa id to h a ve -le a rn tt v.r ertt rtw o o f their dTirereht-dangd2^s,7;andrputs his lewd w'i fe Lac dice, and chofe acceffary to-; her ir.ccntlnc.ncy and didoyalry, to death, to o,' 51c. Invades Paphlagoriia and: Galatia,; -and drives Nicomcdes out of Cappadocia, 51c. Murders his nephew, and feiz.e$:Cappadocia,.ibid. The.Romans endea vour to provoke him, by fetting up Ni comedes aga Inif him, 511. He aefeats the Roman generals, remains' mailer of the held, ana overcomes all Alia, 512. Cruelly maiTacres the Romans in Aha, 5 : 3. Reduces Teveral iil.mcs in the Archipelago, but narrowly efcapers being taken priloner by the Rhodians, ibid. Makes himfelf maker of Athens, which is recovered by Sylla, and threatens Italyw ith an invaii.cn, 514. The Romans gain 2 f:gn:.: victory over his army, in Greece, ibid. His army dcfeared' by himoria the Roman general, who had usurped the command, 5:5. Has an interview with Sylla, with whom he concludes-a peace, 516. He reduces the nations who had revolted from him, 517. His dominions are invaded by Muratna the Roman praetor, Whom-he pms- to fight, ib:-d. Subdues the Bcipher!, appoints Aiachar.es his ion 1.1ng of that country, and1 a2ain invades the woman territories, 7 r 7, 5*^* A*11“ cullus" is fent againft him, 518. He defeats the Reman I-; N - B -E ■ X. comm and ers 5?: andburns and Jakes- their $ eet.: ibid, ; ;B efieges 0 vzicum, where hs'- is attacked s, j who blocks lipibisi-army, and obliges~hira to raife;the ffiege with great.lots, 51,9.- :He is defeated .-by- iea and land ' by ' Lucuiius, who .takes his .generals .prlforyers, .and. Ruts tRem- Ig death, ibid. Defeats1 the -Roman. cavalryijtand. diftreiles ,t.h ei r army, ,5 2 o. Bis arm y in uii niss, and h is camp .-.take a nr. d -plirn-riered by the ..-.Romans, ;ib|d. . ;-/tban4TO*S'i|3s''îg--- dcrnp'the, cities and fenreiies of which fubmit to Lucui! us, 5 2 1, Joins. Tigranes,. and recovers- force .important .places from the Romans, ; blit is :afterwards defeates-by their ge- nerali-Triarius, -522. Gains another victory- over the Ro man-;, a n d n 2 rr 0 wly eic a pesbeing kil led by a-- Roman cen turion. in b.is fervice,- whereupon he cahies all the Romans in his army to be put to .death, 523. Is befieged :tn his camp, from which he efcapes. in. the night, and is totally . defeated by Pompey, through:: aibratagem, 524, 57.5. With- d ra a- s into Armenia and Colchis, and is pur feed by - the Romans- through. fnany barbarous nations, '-525. Appears again a r the hea d of a n umerous army, but fen d s a mb aba tors to Porr-pey- to trear 0f ':peace, 526. Reduces fever al ■ places, and folicits .the. affiirance of the Seythians, 526, 527« His fon Pharr.aces revolting, the army declare him king, and mutiny, where upon he attempts to poi fon himfelf, after having; put to death his wives, concubines, and: daugh ters, 527.' Stabs himfelf, and is at leug th ciipatched by a Gau), c?S. i.v. 216. 222, & feq. ■ ■ ~ M IT IIR ID A T IC war, iv. 216. 222, & feq. See M lt h r i- D A T ES. ■ Ad G A BIT E S, fit nation and boundaries of their country, i. 240. The]r deicent, 114. Hiilory oi* their territories, 2:0- veinment, religion, &c. 1 1 7 , &:feq. Invade; andTubjagate the ifraelires, 3 20. Conquered by David, ibid. RIGAWIYa H, an Arab. commander under Othman the third cahffl, feduces Syria, and carries his conquefts and deyafia^ no ns into the Ini peri al territories, vi. 146. C on q u ers Cy.p ru s aiffi other places, 148. He is removed from his govern ment of Syna by Ali the fourth calirE, but oppofes the ap pointment of Sana! to that poll, 157. Rejects the terms pro posed to him by A'i, 158. Arms agalnil Ali, and fecures Amru the conqueror of Egypt and governor of Paleitine in his intereft, 163, He is challenged by All to (ingle com bat, which he declines, and is defeated by him, but prevents Aii from reaping the fruits of his victory by a remarkable ftratagem, ibid, forces Aii to accept of an arbitration, 166. Inquiry I N D EX. 'inquiry into ois prêt en lions to the "califat, 169. .'-Superior ito yAh In point'of treachery and policy, 17 1. His’générais ' : v furpnfe Medinas and' Mècca,“X 72 .m ; Goni piracy ■ formed.! bye the. Kajerites a g cinti him, -'Ali, ' and Amru, -173.-' He is /... a-..-.■painful remedy: for a cure,., ibid. :vaHis->-propbfalt::-.tp-^'-HafaÊÿ- A li’s eldeRForimnd fucceffor, 17.8*- - .Hafan reilgns tne government to him on certa;naterms, 179- He is railed to the califat, being: the dril cal litOf thsMrouìb ■ of Ocr.yah, i S î - -Foundation o it he op portion tohfs gov em me nt, ■ rSóv- H è ; is' reproached by. Ayeiiiafbrpu tting HA er, , the fiend of Ali, to death, 187. d^he-rGrieess:: attack ; So-, phian, his gore; nor c f .Syria,-- andydefebt'-his arm;’, I 92. Grows unwieldy, and declares hfsTonkMezîd his fucceilor, which is eppoied by the Arabs, Vikyÿ -Makes- peace, with Confían tine, 195. . Cha racier of his: go vernmen t exem pi ì - . ■ Sed, 1 ço. His- death, ehnracter, perfonal accompH£hments, and generoilty, 197— 190. M G A A T T A H ii: fdcceiibr ;-of Aezid, : cabfF of the Arabs, ■ being a weak, prince, Ah the ate sí riego vein m ent, : 2 rtd retires from the world, \i, 217. ■ -.m ■ :'F .M O GH TAR, a . famous 'commander formerly--in the Fervlce 7 .;òf Abdallah Zoheiry hthory of him, vi. 223. Turns pub- ; lie preach e r i nfsvour of the Shi i t es y and is i m priloneci by Soleymaii-; ; ibid.. K e is - .recog n r/.ed ; ; head of ' the remai ncler ' o f th e S hi :te s, - and 'pots to dèa: h... Ko fe in’s murderers, 228. His deceitful contí uci towardsAboaf] .th, ¡bid. His general -on tw itced, k Í11 èd, and his troops 0 e fea ted by A b: as. gene ra! of Abdallah, 229. : Delivers Mabometand hisfrieiids, who were condemnedr to death, 23c. Hi? entbufi aitic conduct, 231. Hïs fuccefs agnini: Obeidall fn, and defeat of Ibrahim, ibid. A confederacy being formed-againfl: him on account of his cruelty, He is defeated, and killed' by : ' Mu fab, 232. M O H AM M FD II. fon and fuccefíor cf Amuraih, fultan of the Turks, enters into an alliance with Con Grant ine the Greek emperor, but icon after commits hoitilities in the ■ empire, and forms defigns againih that and Con it ant inopie, v. 2ï X. Gar acci a, one of h is corn m ?. n de rs, r educ es ícv cr ¿I places be] on g¡rig to . the G reeks, ibid. Inveits thereity, and is filled with rage at the-daftardly behaviour of his men, -212. Conveys eighty gaiiies leverai .miles over land into the harbour, 213. Prepares for a generai itomi, and4 takes and plunders thè city, 213. 214.. fixes the feat of his em pire at Gonfíaminople, 2:5- vili. 96—99. L 4 IviOBAM - .1 - ,;N. D E -X,. ■ MOHAMMED, , fuccefior ■ of : Arflan-. Emir; A1 gOaira,. fultan , of the Seljuks, rebellion/ of. the, irapoftor Ataih inBerfia; ' again ft bins, - and its difcovery and pu mifiment, vii.^ 5,5 6 . ■ Invades India, /and expreiTes great zeal Imdeftroyingido-. fatty there, 56. ■ -His riches,!and remarkableInftances .of his ■ avarice^ 56» 57. Propofes a uriomoft:all th& :Seljukiarrdn- - , tereft- againft- the Ghriftians, 62.:. Mawdud hisjgeneral de feated-b}fjoceline"of Edei%^63.:,;Eis.;death5dbid.:;:;.: >- *i .1 n;.:..., fukan of Bagdad, isoppointed- by Kaihec to fucceed Malec, and puts the /former : to death; with his own hands,:Mi. -851. He is-dethroned by means of a con- ■ fpiracy, and- files to.. Ifpahan, b ut refum es. the crown on- Sa- liman’s abdication,,- ibid* v . Defeats - his uncle, and; obliges him to fiy, 86. ■ ‘His' death, and that of the califf M ee ts?., ibid. ■ ■■■.'■ : .-■■■■ — —!—.—— one pf the Tons and iuceeiibr/of Bajazet, em- . peror of the O thdman Turks, is invited/ by the Turkifh generals to take poileilion of the whole empire, which he accordingly-does,, viii. -69.-- joins Manueft and procures the death of his brother Mufa, ibid. Is chofen fole fultan, and- humbles the prince of Karamania, £cc. 70. His/mo deration adbifted/:by:/ the/.Chnftians,. 71. The Venetians i mi rd y / c efeat: h is fieet, ibid. Invad es ,W all a ch ia, and ob liges it tp pay a tribute, 72. His- general defeated by ’ a' remarkab 1 aimpoftor, who is himfelf overcome, and' put to a cruel death, ibid. Cenclufion/of his reign, 73. His/dif- pofitiens, death, and character, ibid, / His fieath, concealed till the arrive! of his fucceffor, 74. —:------1 the fecond, cpmmonly called tfie Great, and the fir it emperor of thp T urks,his acceifion, cruelty and policy, viii. : 94. He is defeated before /Belgrade by ; the brave Bunnladcs with great lofs, wounded, and obliged to retire with fname from the/fiege, 10 1. Invades the: Mo-: rpa, and marries a Greekprincej VI0 2 , 203. ' His accom- pliihments, and take : for learning, 103. Yifits Athens, and takes it under his protection, ibid. His/policy, and conqueft pf the iilands in tb.e Archipelago, 104. His jub ilee, and great fucceiies, ibid. Conquers the territories of IJzan Haiian on the borders of Ferfia, and the empire of Trebizonc, 105. Some account of his wars with Skander Beg, 105, 106. Great naval power, and reduction of Wa ft kia, ic6. Is firerm0ufiv oppofed by B1 a d u s, from whom be receives feveral checks, 107. His farther ônquefts over the Chriftians, and magnificent mcfquc erected by him. ibid. J -F~ Ñ* & É í TG ^ ^ , ■ IBLeL Subdues Rofeia and-Tetnoos, :xoSi Confederacy o í' ' the CHriñian princes agaiiffbhim, 109. Fails in his 'at«- tenipt: on Rhode3, rio} xii.- Conquers Otranto, G u . League' or tne iVkatic; powers- wifethe: Chriirians a crainit . bim^ ibid.■■■■ ■ Hisiddafeyand-cbara&erpTiiî-xáv-- - ■ --v. MAHGMMEDfFV.';emperor of ■tBe Xurics, and iucceffob of "■ Ibrahim, aminor attheiim ecf bis-. acceiSon,- and governs by his; f great miriüer Meb e m ed, faro ame d Kioprili,vwho perforins great exploits againil the Ghrblians, ■ particularly the profecution 0r the Candían war, vat. 2 12 ,feleq. ' Joins - his : vizier, 'and prepares to attack . the Poles, 231. His army defeated with great daughter, and i mmen ie booty < to the conquerors, by John Sobidkl, 2 31, 232. ■ AddiHs-himielf to pieafure, and amañes Targctreafures, 233. His arms tmfuccefsful againib the Ko&cks and RuSians, 234, 235. Ruin of his army again it the RuiEans, 236. A c count of his great Ioffes, and defeats of his armies, 243—r 253. His depofftion, deaths and chara Her, 260, 261. M G LD AV IA , -.Rate- of the war between the Turks and Poles, and Germans, viii. 250. Account of the campaign there, . 251. - M QROCH , the chdef Ammonniih deity, defcription of his "image,!, 222. Various opinions concerning the fuperffi- tious worihip of, andfacnhdng children to that idol, 123. M O N T M O REN Cl, raarihai duke, a: parhzan of the duke of Orleans againft marihal Rlchiieu, in the reign of Lewis X l il. is defeated and taken prifoner by marihal Schomberg, and executed at the iniligation of the cardinal and Jofeph the capuchin, xi. 4S0. His character, ibid. MOORISH invasion of Spain, hi dory of It, xii. 140, fefeq. MOORS, or A RA BS, win the battle of Aihdona, arid de feat and kill Roderic, xii* 14 1. Settlement of them in Spain, 142. Ravage the territory of Leon, 153. The Chriftians defeated by them in Caíble, 173,-174. Their advantages- over the Chrtffíans fuppofed to have been owing to the difeontents of the Arragonefe and other noblemen who joined them, 178. Defeated: by the Chriflians; ibid. They gain a fignal vidtory over the ChriiHans, and kill the two Infants, 192. Defeat the Spaniards, 206. They Íuítain a great overthrow from Don Juan of Arragon, 209. Are defeated by the king of Arragon, and by Doq Pedro, 21Ó, 217 . ■ War with them by Ferdinand and I fab el la, who take Granada, 223.’ 225. They arc periecuted and kept" in fuhjecnc-n by them, 226. Wars of Philip with them, their revolt, and reduction, 244, 245. They are expelled Spain .NV ©. -X-. . - By Philip- liîî. .though - r-e mon fk a ted âgamit.-.-bj '.fonjeôf- the nobility ,.,255. - . h- . ' MO^RAD;the.-third;,:.or. Amura.th, fukan of.the-Turks,.rpre- _ içrïhîis. Er ,4 'ing to the -Foies,- who h s Me chad .by them, vüt. 165. Xogages in-'a was -with--.the- Perûans, and diftiefs of - h >3 army- under Muft-apha, -165., 166.. -lit EucceisTf h is troops, 1 6 8-, 1 6q. Appi red .-ta .-b y eu ee n - Elizabeth, for ■■ af- : iiTéauce againil the king of - Sp ai n, i: 70. , -TufuccEEfu î cam - p&ign of : his .army ; in Germany, 17 * 5 Sc fcxp -death, -a ad character, .ij-6. ■ - »------— the fourt-h, furnamcd Gh-ast, ■ foeeeiTor of Mmta* oh a, fuit mo of the Turks, his reign, yili.To r, feq. Ac count of .his expedition -into Pejisar where he commits great /.savases-, lofes voit eu mb er so f h ; s: me n5 snà cruelly maf- ."facrës; the. Perils ns, 204, 205« Pie dit hr es a w a r with the Venetians, be.', is reconciled to them on their paving him a runt of ir-oney, 205, nod. Id is death, .2nd character, 206. M CG EILAM A , an irnpoftor, and rua:l of îviahomet iB -hls- . pr c t e n.costo a b ■ i vine mi(Eony col 1 eets a great number of fol lowers, and makes, himfeif mailer of the province of Y a ms ns a, vi. 84. Defeats rCaled, Abubuke: ’s general,.-but . is 21 length pyercr.-me by him, and put to the .ifvord, with . ten tiiouhnd of his to;lowers, 85. ■ MOSES, the .great, lavvgiver of the JfraelItes, his birth, mira- ■c clous prefervation,. and education at Pharaoh’s court, i. 524, 325. Having killed an Egyptian, he hies to Midian, wh e ft, be m a ; r ies Zippo rah,. the d aughter of Je thro, ; 52 5, God appears to him, and appoints him to be the deliverer .of his c-ppreiTed brethren, 327, .Miracles performed by him, through the. divine aid,, irr-Egypt, 3:31,. & feq. Sets out with the'Israelites, 335. M i racl es wrough t by hlm in the wlldernefs, at the command, of .God, 338— 34.0. - A eceiv es the decalogue, 341. Insurrection againfr hlm, andyuniih- ment of the offenders, 348. Appoints, Jcfhua his fuecef- . for, 3 31, .. His inilruGions to thç peopie3 .and death, 351, 352- ... ; p ■ :■■■■■' “v M Q-SLE-M govern men t, : milan ce of the fever icy of it, xii.

M © SEEM S, defeat th e Imperiali£h- at the battle of Muta, and aifo the Kodaites,- a plundering race of the Arabs,ivi. 63. Their army in danger of being made prifoners by the ImperiEiits commanded by Peter and Paul, but refeued by Kaled, 93. Are vidforious over the Perilans at.-'the*-battle of Kadeikn 103. Their affairs in, Europe, 2:66. Their fple ndor in Spain, naval force, civil wars, and indepea- oenoe . Ey,;^ ,y- Tençe „on beTaftetn;■.■.qallfF, 350—352., ?.. Hiitory of -the IS^efterD, and:. their.connections wit h th ofe of the Raff, - '373* 374. Religious-b ifpu tes amongft them, ± 34.. M OSICM , brother: of Heiham the ; cal iff, and fon of A bdol - màlee,. a famous and'fortunate general, his character,'and . fucceffes aguiniftheTurks, vi. 265. M G S T A E A II. i el can of the Turks, and faccelTor of Ah med, his reign, xUi. 302, 6r feq. Puts the vizier and others to i d each, by.. the rd i recti on : of the fui tar. a valide, .or 'mo ther, ,303. Makes 2 triumphal entry into Adrianople,oa the recovery of Khios, and ..defeatsMhe Germans, 30S. Tcttul deieat of his. army at Z eata,3-1:2, 313.. Concludes a peace with, the ^Germans, and thebeadsof It, .317^. ..He is cepofed, in coniequence o f. a rebel lion agai n ft hi m, 3 24- ».— ------:—• III. fucceilbr of Ofman HI. emperor cf the G : la ma ns, is inc Tided agai nit the knights of Malta forL taking one of his ihips of war, but is pacified by the French, .viii. 349r 359 - " . . : M O U LIN S, ordinance of, received, and publimed there, and . reckoned an honour to the French legifurion, xi. 352. . M Ù LD O R F, battle, of, between theemperor Lew isY .- a n d Frederic duke of . Aeffria,. and b 1 oddÿ combat. previous, to it, ix. 22. M U L E Y HASSAN, who was made king of Tunis by Charles V . his adventures, viii. 1,46. His fon A^mid ufurps his government ir» his abfence, defeats him, and: cuts out his eves, ibid. MUMMIES, Egyptian, defer;pcion of them, L 77, 7S. M'ÜNES, an eunuch of great authority in the calirht of A1 Moktader, breaks into and ftrips the imperial palace, carry ing oft the family of the cal iff, and ail his-effects, vi. 432. He retires in difguff from court to Mawfel,1 and afterwards marches agai nil the cal iff, who Is killed by a Magrabian, 434, 435." His forrow on that melancholy event, ibid. Concurs in the election of A1 Kaher to the califat, a cruel and avaricious prince, 437- Confpires agamff the califf, and, being difcovered, is beheaded by him, 438. 'M UNICH , count, furrounded by the Turks m his march to Bender, whom he twice defeats, viii. 335, Gains a third vidfory over them, 336. His fuccefsful campaign, and con- queffs, 34O. M U N ST E R , treaty or, or of Weffphalia, between ihe em peror and other powers, and its cruet contents, ix. rSz, 283. Proteffed agamil by the king of Spam, and all theardclvs of it, refpeifring religion, annulled by the pope’s bull, i 8 l. * 1 0 & MU S a B, "ï ;n ' d ; e ;-:x : '. , . M ü SAB, ' a- per fort- of -great courage' and abilities, appointed by bis brother ; .Abdallah . Zobeif'. the califF to be governor of Bo'fra, ■ defeats and' kills :Moehtar3 a formidablè :ièD:etfiÿ of. the califPs, ' vn 232. War between him and ' his -.brother * Abdolmalec, 235— 237. His defeat, and death,-237V-- / M U STAPH A, fucceÎTor of Ahmed, fultan of the Othmart Turks,: narrowly efcapes- being eut-off by his- brother, vhii. ïç6. -Leading a brutiih" life,. he is dethroned- by - the vdzier gnd great officers, andremandedto his cell; Ibid. Hp is reilored, :- and again: depofed, afier; a fhort reign,'on accouat : of his -v ic i o us an d feu pi d conducl,2oia : M Y.SIA : Major and Minor, extent arid defeription of them, and chief :citres, riv-ers, &c. thereof, ii. 68— 70, MYS 1 ANS, their origin jeharadfer, religion,- and Mftoiyfih " 7c, 71. ' ;

N. ■ ’ '■ \ ■ XTABAL , a weal thy and churl Khlfrael ite, hi s bru tifli ber ÀAi haviour to' David,; whofe reientment againft him is ap- peafed by the prudent CGndudf of Abigail his wrife, )whom :©avid afterwards:marries, i. 3S2; ; His death, ibid. ' - N ABOGGLAS SÂR, -or NEBUCHADNEZZAR:,. Ling of Babylon,. fop; a nd fu cceffqr of Nabcpal afar, marc h es again if the Egyptians, and recovers Carchemiih, in 33. Takes jerufalem, rides tbe tempie, : and makes Jehoiakim prifoner, but reinftates him ; on his becoming tributary, ibid.- His dream interpreted by Daniel, whom he promotes, 34. Sends an army againft Jehoiakim king of Judab^ w ho: had re- volted4 furprifes and - days him, and takes Jehoiakim his fon and iuccefTor priloncr, and carries him with his whole court captive to Babylon, arid dpi imders /the -city and temple a fécond time, ibid. On Zedekiah king of Judah’s : rebel-' ling againft him, he beiieges, takes, and deftrovs that city, 34, 35. ; : Eredts a golden image in the- plain of Dura, as an object .of wo r üi îp -, i s ftruck with admiration at the power of God in delivering the: three youths From the effects of the furnace ; and idues a decree againft blafpheming his name, 3 5 . ' Adorns and enlarges Babylon, 36. His dream of-the tree, and Daniel’s interpretation of : it, 30, 40. His pride, downfal, and fenfe of the almighty power of God, and de cree thereupon, 40. His death, ibid. N A B O T H , inhumanly murdered by Ahab, at the iriftigation of his wicked and idolatrous wife Jezebel, i. 407/ His death revenged on the authors of it according to the pro phet’s prediction, 4 11. NAD HAM» i. N r>- e .x: : ah AAA N AUH AM ,. - a /powerful nai-m&er,-. ofyMHecy --king- of Bagdad, ' hiS : :h lifer y, 2nd ' Intrigu es of the fuJraa e is, Ka t-u n_.aga.inii: b blrn^-and bis noble and intrepid behaviour oh .that occaiion, ■ He Is ¡ deprived p£ • his•••••vizlerfhip, and-imur-- ' dered by. a. Batanift, 36. . ' ¡k hr NADIR-SHAH,, a fa m a usPe rfi ammonarch, is invited into' :: India byNeaam, a-powerful prince;- under, the emperor'Mb- .. hammec, vii. 517. His character, and. :progrefe5.Ibld.T&'feq. . :His artfill ;beha vlour, and growth of bis power in India, ¿¿ 3/ Defeats the Mogul's troops,bas an interview. with ; ■ bim^ andviettles prelirninarles for an accorn.modation,- ibid. : He humbles ;;M oh am med, and daughters and plunders, h is ' fu ejects, 519» Gets the; Mogul into, bis power, imp rife ns him, and:'advances to D elhi,w hich he enters, 520. In- ; lifts on the payment of 25,000,000 keriing before. agreed on, the:feverity ufed in raifing of .which occaficnsa mu tiny ae Delhi, y2 1 n: Quells it by a malt horrible.■-'daughter-.and maffacre of the inhabitants, and plunder; of. their, effects, ibid. Inftance of his exceihve avarice, and unremitting fe- veritv, ¡and cruelties ¡of: his fubjeets .with refpeet to the iH - pulated: ium, :-5'22. ¡Iniquitous ¡ practices of his mercileis cclle&ors,: 523. ¡ -HH'vanky ;at the Mogul’s court before his dep arture, .an d ad vice: to -him, ibidHis j office ¡- on leaving the city, and amount of his acquiutior.s la India, >524. 'He is haraiRdin.hisi;march- by the.: mountain 1.Rajaputs, 525. . Number;of.Gentobs ffainby his men,, and ¡.his: own 1 nconfid erable I ofs,;ibl :at tacked-by Don John" of Auftna, whofe exceiSve ’cruelty incenfes the inhabitants againft him, 318, 319, Count Oni- ate, the new viceroys makes hirrifelf mafter of it by ftratagem, and takes the duke of Guife prifdner,;'; 3 2 1, 322. Dreadful plague there in 1656 ; fu r th erki ft or y" of it, and its fufterings from banditti, 349, 350;' ' ... N A T H A N , the prophet, reproves David for his criminal conduct with refpett to Uriah and :Bathiheba, i 389.; -See D avid. N A V A R R E , k in2 of, nominated Heutenaht- veoera!"of the - kingdom of France in the minority of Lewis XI. his'dupli city, xi. 346, 347- Joins the Guiles, arid'deferts the proteftants, 347. He is' arrefted b y C h arle's k In g of F ranee, con- irinued prifoner at the death of that prince, and overawed by the queen-regent, 369. Surprife's Cahors, 376. ; His Brmnefs, 381. His confternation at the king’s edidFagamft the proteftants, 382, His danger from ' feyeral quarters, -■. 383. IBeíestS- the duke-of Joyeefe, but neglect - So ísa--. .-.provenís vi^or5%---,3.S'5 V'3'Sé¿;:--.:'^" •.■•- - ' MB'BHGHA©bí ÉZtZ a R. See N aüococ.As s a. r f _ .N.EGH'G% or> E H A R 0:Á ^v 'N2i,GH:;0,' ms prbyeRs, 'enter- :, prifes_ and defeat.b y ¿Vebuchabnetman> u 'io h i :h e e C H £G T A M SB IS-, rtheékaft--' k-iog o f - 'Egypt,. fettled ' en 'the throne by-Agefi-íaus,-'í. i r3, T h e Pennies under D srW -make- war -on bitii',. am!-re403. His .effeminacy,. prodigality,- and ,:iewdnefs, 404,-405. blights the revolt or Vindex, but is ■ greatly Harmed at thatof; Galfca, yet continues his'debau- ,■■ chcries,407. His d efpef a te . r e fol u ri 6 n s,:: -and.,exceffivc " hieannefs, ibid. - TKe people rife againft hlm^ .^demoliih his iratues, &c. and the legions in Germany;.revolt :irom him, : 4:08. He; is abandoned by his guards, and files from Rome,; ■ 408, 40:9. His abjeS: cowardice'j-and ■ death j-410. - N E R V A , fuccefior of th e emper or;Domitian, h i s.or igiri and rife, iv. 459. - Honeirfpeech of Arrius Antonins to him,ion , his being; railed to the empireyibid, Inifanees.-ofhis exA ceUent ;:government,;''vand: ibudiqus endeavours,: td’ promote the happmefsof his people, 460. Pardons Crafius, -.who -had; confpired ; again it hitB,::46 i , : . fie is - forced tor comply with the deman d s of t h e: .turn u I tuou s p rae torian .guards, whO; . infilled on the pumihmeht, of Domitian’s murderers, ibid. His death,-46:2. _ '.A N E TH E R E AN HER S, ft out a Sect,. as a means' to relieve ■ ^th¿m:.írbrn^the;■ ,opp'reiSbn:;and".tyrahny■.o.f■■.■■the■' dtlkbof Alva, : the Spaniih general,.ix, 305.. Their fuccciTes, by taking -the Briel, Ac, ibid. Their great progrefs towards indepen dency, and operations; under the prince 1 of Orange, -job. T. 3® 9* ‘ ' a ; . :a --' In E THE RLAND S, war t here con tin ued, ix. 3 17 a S ta t e o f; the- armies there,, wheiivthey;applied^ff ElizabethlfbriaffiRance,; 320; See Low CpyHTpp-i.Hsr : NTC AN GR , the Syrian general, concludes - a peace with .the Jews, 1. 463'. Beieg forced: by Demetrius to rehew hoftiji-; ties againit them, he is ilain, with his whole.armv, by that of the Jews under Judas-Mac cabas us, ibidr - See JbOAS:.; N IC E’PHGRUS, the Greek, emperor, his treachery, ,aiid 'cruelty, towards the ambaffadors of Othos vi¡1. 40.0. De throned, and murd'eredf '4Qi. NICHOL A S III. fuccefior of pope. John S S I . oppcfes Charles cf Anjou, endeavours to reducevhis power un. Italy, 2hcL obliges him to renounce the vicariate: cf Tufcahy,. and -his- patrician dignity of Rome, x. n o . ' His deaths r 1 1. u NICHOLAS' H ïG H G LA S tV , fueceiibr òf\NÌtKtìfes;:'ÌlÌ.i: ■ ■ ib.îîié^Riîrftân:- pontificate, reftores the Patrician dignity. :tQ 'Charles' of- ^''Arfioufx. irif ■ .'■ ■ ■■■ f- y ' «— t——- V. ioccefibi of pope Eugene, His troops defeated " ^TyTiorsa, x, 290. Prcpoìesa congréfs for a generai péhce at Ferraraj lhid. Celebrates a jubilee at Rome, sor, 202. His'conduH^^ fefpedf to the two confederacies in Italy, &c, and; attempts in vain to unite the" GhrlfHah powers, 204. Perfuades the parties at war to agree to a congre!se, and concludes a peace, 204, 205- His death, 205, EG LE, a celebrated river of Egypt, de fer I bed, i, ¿3, See E g y p t . ' N 1M BG D E N , -peace of, concluded, and the Behaviour of Charles ÏL òf England and the Dutch cn that occahon, ix. 192, î.93. 422* xil. 38, 39. H iN Y A S, ion and fuccefibr of Semiramis queen of AfTyria^ his iloth, and policy, ii. ï r. NO AH, God’s peculiar favour to him and his. family, by p.referving them from the deluge, if 14. Klfiory of him and his deicendants, 29—37. His death, 30. See D elu ge. 5y 0 RM A H S, hiidcry of their progrefs In Apulia, x. 42, Sc feq. Their III treatment by the Italians, ibid; ' Enter into the fervi ce of Michael the Greek empéror, and a in it hint In taking Meffina and conquering Sicily, 43. Depofe Ate- nolph their leader, and become independent and oppref- fiveg 45. Defeat pope Leo’s army, and take Givitate, But afterwards humbling themfelves to him, are abfolved from their fentence of excommunication, 47. Their-fur ther progrefs, 49. 'N D M A N TIÀ , vigore ufi v defended agami!: theRomanarmy by the Inhabitants, who, not being able to withfiand the . enetny any longer, burn the city and themfelves, Iv. 20S. N ü E E D D ÎN , fon of Zenki, king Of Bagdady his exploits* vii. 88, & feq. Takes EdelTa';: but Is defeated by Joilelyr., whom he afterwards gets into bis power, 89. His ambi tion i and defigns upon Egypt, 92- Commits dreadful ex- - ceffes In the fu curbs of Cairo, arid behaves'with great le ve ri ty towards the Ghriitians, 93. Defeats them, and takes the city of Haram, ibid, . Defeats an army compofed of Egyptians and Chrifiians, arid makes nimielf maker of the province of Tiza and A Texan uria', 94- * akes leverai-places irom the C h r I ill an s . i n. $ y r i a,, 05. .War between him and - : the Chriiiians, and difireOcd fixation of the latter, too. His condu-P: with refpeeb to h;s nephevvs Amadcdam. and ââïfo.ddinj, iO i, 102. He is jealous or Salad:n; 103. Takes * TV/F î " N- O ' -E- '■ XV- the-'ilrong- town of- Ar.ka from rtfae- Ghriitians; by/ftorm-,; 105."- H is:deâth, and charaâe'r,-ibid. -.' ... 'r , ; N U R E M B E R G ,. famous diet of, convoked by the emperof : Ç h arles * and refult of its : meeting, lx, 36, 37.-" N Y M ;PHfDl-US: SABINUS-j afpires to - the empire, -and '.'.ex--- cïres'':thé;:^'P^ to revolt from' Galba, --iv. --4.12.; fie goes to the camp, where he is killed by the'em-peroEs adherentSj -atid his accomplices put to death,' 413;.

; ■ ■ ■ ■ ;j- ! . |r\GHUS, fon and : fuccefTor of Artaxerxes Mnemcn, king y of Perfia, murders:Bis; two brothers Ariafpes and: Affamés, . an draifes hi mfeif to that empire, taking upon himielf the .... j>a me; of :: Artaxerxes, in 1 y 7; i ; Many provinces : revolt from him, but difagreeing among;themfelves, are'eafily .reduced, 178. Behaves with exceffive çméliÿ, putting all the .de- fcendants of the royal family to death without1 diftindiion, : and. committing oth eraôsof favage barbarity, ibid. - Xhe : Phoenicians revelting, he marches into their couritry,.;,and . d eftr by $ ;;Sldo n, 179. Pur.Hhes:. the ; Jews r forjom ingithe Phoenicians, grants va : peace :to- thé Cypriots, and :-reduces Egypt to its obedience, ibid. Gives himfeit up to a luxuri ous and voluptuous: life, and is poifoned: by Bagbas his fa vourite eunuch, i 8o., . O C T AY , fon and fucceilor of Jenghiz Khan, behaves with great pride-to the âmbaiïadôrs of Alaocdin the Seljukian ful- ran, whom:hefemtorenderhisfubmiirions,vii.243.Succeeds his father as fécond khan or emperor of the Moguls, 325. Is forced by his brothers to accept the Sovereignty, and reigns with great mildnefs,; 327; His ;greatnefs, and progrefs againft the Kin, 328, ¿c fcq. Defeats the: Chinefe, ::and prepares to befiege Hdnan, 329. Enters into a négociation with the emperor of the Song., 332- G i ve supth elmperi al race of the Kin to be murdered by hts genera],ibid. R e news his'preparations for- war againft the ; Song,, and takes ' feveral places, 337. His degeneracy and drunken nefs, which occafions his rapacious officers'to ppprefs his fubje£b, 339. His death by a debauch, 340. His chara&eryand inftances of his jufrice, 340, 341. O G , king of the Amorites, of the race of the giants, killed ;by the Ifraelites, who deffroy his people, and feize his king dom, i. 143. O G L Ü , SARE B E Y , head of the Turkifh banditti, hiilory of him, via. 337, 338.. His lieutenant, with a fmall/body of men, appears before the rich and populous city of ; Smyrna, and I N - E X i nndraxíes a contribution from the timoro¿s : I n ha b I tan ts, 338* ■ ■ His(át^.is^defated■ ■ ■ bT>,^ * O iíte ]^ V íand'aie out to' death-, ibid. . ' * O LAUS II. king of Sweden, pays a fhameful tribute to the oo-pe,. and. is thereupon, branded with the name of the T ri butary; xii. 453. ■ Puts -hIs pagan iuhjects to death, which o c capons a. rebel lion a ga in it; h I m, wherein he periihes, ibid. OMV ARESyTirft mlniiler and favourite of ThiiipIV.king of Spain, banifhes the late minifter the duke oí üzeda, and the: late king's confeSbr, and brings Calderons unjuftly to the icaitold, xii. 258. His difumulatlon and treachery with refpecbto the match between Charles of England and the Infanta, 259. His bad policy in aggrandizing the Ger man emperor, 260. His conduct towards the Catalans, and ino'ete racy to them and the Portusuefe,: 262, 263- His imprudent behaviour a gain it the French, which, with other inifcances of his pernicious conduct, oecaiions his difgrace, and baniihment to Toro, 264, 26c. O L IV E T , or mount of Olives, defeription of It, i,2 r r . O LYM PÍA S, wife of Philip of Macedón, and mother of Alexander, her charadrer, n i . 270. is divorced From her hufband, who marries Cleopatra, neice of Attains, ibid. Re turns to Macedón, where fee behaves with barbarous cmehy towards the objects of her revenge, 340, 341. She Is hefleged in Macedón by Callander, where fhe had ihuc he-rfelf up with many perfons of great quality, who obliges her to furrender, and caufes her to ‘be put to death, 341. OMAR,- the fecond cal Iff, fucceiTor of Abubeker, being railed to the califar, takes the command of the army from Haled, and-confers it on Abu Obeidah, vlhroi. Puniihes the drinkers of wine in his army, 105. His great power, and vifit to jerufalem, 119. Send orders to Amru his ge neral to deftroy the Alexandrian library, 24 1. Is murdered by Feruz, a Perfian Have, 144. Refufes, on. his'death bed, to nomínate a fucceiTo?, and appoints others to do it, Ibid. His farther character, 145. ------..the fon of Ahdalaziz, califf .of the Modems, re markable inffance of his modefty, in abolifclng'theiolemn malediction again# the Jews, vi. 2 58, 259. -Perfecutes the Chriftians, and renders hisfubjects dlffatisñed with him, 259. His injuitice towards the Chriftians, 260. His death by poifon, fordid difpoiition, and character in other refpefts, 260. O NI AS III. and Simon a Benjamke, mlfchievous and fatal mifuiiderihnding between them, i, 449, 450. M 2 G PHI R, 1 N;- Dr--E;,.x: G P fllR ,. ;the ;7place where'. .David' and ’ Solomon prbciired the fineit■ gold, &'c. conjectured ■ fca.be1 fituate:;near- Ehina and' . Japan, L4GO, N o t e. . ~ _ G R A N G E , ■ W ILL I AM -N ASSAU prince of, account of his . ■ exploits in -behalf ,of civil liberty,' and tbeproteffant caufe, in the-.'NetherlandsiviX':'.:3i03i'& feq.. ■■ 'Retires, to-Germany'from ;tb& raging.-perfecution of the--SpaiaiL. government,-- and - is ' prcfcribed, w ith his family, Ac. by the duke of A lva,-304. His army and fucceites,; 306, 307. Reduces Ghent■.and other places,.309.^ Great power granted- him by’ the ftatesy 3 13 . : His conduct actuated by 'principle, 315. Attempt made on: his-ffiLy and- the .authors, -punifcedy 3 ly. He is murdered by amaiTaiTmi 319. ';/ ,-y ■■ ■ ■■ —'prince; Man ric eo f, ion.of W illism-Naffau,: chofen. , if ad t holder of -Holl an d and -Zealand,:.' i xy 320. v His fucceffes - „and credit with the Uni ted Provinces thereupon, 326. drakes - fTonrnhout,;: and beats the count: de Vareux., one of AI- her t’s generals, . 329..,, The dates jealous of him, . 333® Gains the battle of N eu p o it335. - His: genero 11 s- and hu- . . mane conduct, ibid... His death, ,339'*-; See M a u h ic e. ‘ *.————-- HE NR Yp r ince of, fucceiTor o f: prihc.et:Ma-urice: in the 'Command,; ende.avours.:in: vain; to relieve :Breda,.¿which ,3s beilcged by: Spinol2, ix. 136c. ■ MifcarriesVin, an attempt : upon Ghent, 366. Takes Maeftxicht, 367.: Provokes; ■ Ri chi ieu-, who is afterwards reconciled to hira, 370. Takes Breda, 372. ismnGccefffuI.in/an attempt: upon- -Guildres- ibid, invades Flanders, and is defeated by the Spaniards, 373. Marries his fon William to Mary Stuart, daughter to Charles I. -of England, 374. Takes Gonepy but is ob- . liged to abandon his defrgn.i againif: Hulit, ibid. - Grows jealous of the ambitious andYelf-intereffed views of Trainee., 376. His death,,ibid. ■■ ---- —■ W ILLIA M IL. prlnee of,- fon andc fucceffcr of . Henry, concludes the peace .cf .Muniler; andveRablriHes the independency of ¿the Hates, ix.. 377... His/death, .and- af fairs.of his family, 380, 381...... W IL L IA M III. prince/ofy fom and ifucceilbr o f i■ 'William II. inR'ances of his great fpirit. and patriotiim,;ix. - 4 15. He isimado itadtholder of Holland and .Zealand, 4 r6. .Inundates the. provinces, and-:Hops the progrefs of the -French, 417. His fu cc effes,4 3 8 ,4 1 9 . His haughtinefo and diirefpecful behaviour to the Engliih ambaffadors, 420. He differs with the itates, and meets with great oppofftion, 423. Invades England, and^obfains:that: crown,1 425,:42M-: His death, 4 31. ■■ E - - ORANGE? T£■ N D E X;' O S AN G E , ; :prmce of, chofen ftadthoicery &c- bv thèftates- ' ■ genera], and proves an - acfive and able head of the repub] ic, ix. 433* : ..His oeatfc : ,snd..-the Ü2dtho]der£hip5 h2 v; n cbe en ren— deredhereTtafyi n his family ; is comm; tied to his widow, 433. ' .:V. prmcefs of, ■ ei deft daughter of George IÏ. arr an ce ments; made.by her /before ften - death,; wi th / refpeft to her ifthey;which /.are' carried into execution by the frates, ix. 43:6^: : / / H e r f e l t by the Dutch patriots, ibid. ■ O S CHAN, . ion and fucceiTor of Oth man, the T u rkifh fu Iran , :takes Nicomedia, and reduc.es: Bi thy ni a, :viii. 46. His' ge- . : v nercus behaviour on the taking of N ice, and eifeers of the ' fame, 53. His farther fucceiTcs and ccnquefts, policv, and ■.: ■ love o f .learning,:,53, 34' ' hits out a feet, : which is aimoft totally deftroyed by thé Greeks, 55.. ■; Marries.: the . daughter of fCaDtakazemuFftheGreek e m per of, and his : views there in, 57. Alhils the Greeks, who are plundered and mur dered by Ids fubjecis, ibid- A {Hits the Genesis, and relieves . the emperor's fon Matthew, who1 was beiieged in Adria- r.ople, 58. His fucceiTes, and endeavours to enlarge his . footing in Europe, 59. His: death,; and character, 5c, 6c- . G R L E AN S, duke of, his murder,. win ch î s : j uitihed by th e- duke of : Rurgundy,. ■ the; fuppofed-author o f : i.ty ki.. 1 5g. V ------——— duke oft hoins in a con federaeyagainft the. duke.; of Burgundy, to check his power, and revive the procefs .' againft; him for; the murder of his father,, xh; Î57. Treaty between him: and Henry king of England, 100. Signs a treaty of peace between the king of France and the cuke . or Burgundy, by compulilcn, 165. His conduct during his . captivity in England, 20c. He is ranforred, 207. / T ------—:—:duke of, declared regent in the minor!ty of Lewis X V . jxii. 65. His tyrannicalproccedings, ib. His death, 68. ; —— ----- maid or, her hiftory, xi. 193, Sc frq. Raifes the liege of Orleans, and gives amazing proofs of her courage and refoiute conduct, 194. Succeis of the French under. her command, 194, 195. Defends Compeigne againft the Englifh, and. is taken priforier, 197- She is condemned, tried, and burnt by the Ergliih, and her parents and fa mily ennobled by the French king Charles, 19S- ; QRM US, city of, in the mouth of the Pei fan gulph, hiftnry and conqueft of it by the Engliih, viii. 10, i r. Situation, and importance of the iiland, 11. Its natural hiftory, 12. Ruinous ftate of it, ibid. O RSO VA, New, town of, in . Hungary, heiieged and taken by the Turks, viii. 337. Ceded to the Turks by the peace be tvyçen them, the German sand M ufco v i tes, 34 VI 3 -QvMAN r ■ £;' XE . ■ OSMAN III., fuliam of the Othmans, TueceiFor bf ■Moham- i med, deffrucUye- fire in the beginning-ofhis.Teign, which- ' affords "little intereiling..matter,-.viii..34.9, H is'death,-and. is fecceeded h.^-Moftafaliil. OSTROGOTHS, .or, Eaftern Goths,, where fettled before" .'they left Scandinavia, v. 346.- -Driven out of -their .terri- t0ries by;the:.H unns,'354.': -..Br^fc^dnto.-'tiajCvemjpirei-.'-and'-are /totally /.routed / and^’difperfed . by the era pe tor. T h e 0 d on u s -/■ - 355» Overpowered -b y t h e -Hunns, 363, 364. Are allowed by the .emperor - Marcian...to fettle /in-Taimpnia, 364. -Shake off the yoke of the Hunns, and ravage i’lv- ricum, but renew their':treaties -.wu’th the emperor, ibid. . Hiftory of them in Italy, till their expuliion by Narfer, 43S. See G oths. G 'i'H M A 3ST,: -.the- third- califfV: and fucceffor of O m a r,.. re- . moves A m :u from bis: gover nment of Egypt, .but afrerwards replaces h; m, vi. x 46, 147.. - H is.' fail in gs, /.ana con ¡piracy againft him, 149. Charge brought; againff him oy his dif- contented fafcjects,. 15O- His iubjeHs taking up -arms, -He fubmits, which increafes the infolence of the confpirators, : ■ 15 1. He is block aded in - his, palace by the rebels, and si- fa fan ated there, 152.. His character, and.that of. the Arab government at the time of his cleaib, 153, 154...... / .—;■■■— — :eaiper6r>'''off';the''./Tjurks,. his hiftory, 48, & feq. His ffr atagem to. avoid affaiii nation ■ by. . the. Greeks 4S. His policy, 50. His civil cend act, and hypeenfy, 50, 51. Increafe of his power; and takes Prufa, a great city in Alia, 5 1. His - death, . and character, 52. ; . —— ----- —* or OSMAN, the fecond, hiffory of his reign, viii, 196, Sc feq. Makes war on the Poles, in which he is unfuccefsful, and concludes a treaty, 198. :Disorders of his government, 199. His generous and manly behaviour to the Engliih ambaifador, Sir Thomasf Roc,: aco. His .' death, and ch;ara£he’r, ibid. ...'A f; ■: —------—. or Q T T OM AN. T U R K S , hiffory of them, to the death of Baj.azet, viii. . 4.7, ...&.;Teq7.... Their name and rife, 47. Their hiffory, from the reign of Bajazet, in the year 1403, to the taking of Conitantinople in 14625 67, & feq. G TH N IEIy, the frit judge of Ifrael, expels .the. .Mefopota- . mians, i 365. O TK O f. called the Great, chofen emperor o f Ger man y, being the. fuccsiTor of -Henry the Fowler, viii. 393. Forms pf his election, and defeat of the Hungarians: by Kim, ipfd. PRs ambitious conduct towards the German princes, and ■■ 1: W-': D E: ;; X ; sïià ihelr corsfederacy againfi: him, 394, 395,- 'Marches' info FranceagainftHBgh the Great,where be is uBfaccersfüJ, 395. ' Undertakes an expedition againfi the:'Dane$,Ibid. ' Marches filato - Italy^ where he defeats Berengzr the younger a ufurper, and having delivered Alix, widow o f Lothair,: kinw- • cr: - Italy ;■ ■ from - her :I ropri fomnent, marries her, 39Ó, " His" profperity, and greatnefs, 397, He is crowned kin g; of; Bombard)-, wbich:-bJe-Bu'bdu;ess/'a'hd9^ emperor o fth e B o - 'mbnspghSfi Treachery of the Greek: emperor Hiceph'ofus • to him, by the murder ,of his ambaiLdcrs, fc . fee. His death,.and-character, vili.:.4 0 L . OTHO II. called the Bloody, iueceedshis father Otho J. as 'emperor of Germany, but is . op.pofed by his coulfn Henrv cuke of Bavaria, who -is defeated, impriibned, and atter- ■ wards bariiihed, viii, 401. HA wars^ withFranee,: whole king. Loth air, he obliges to make peace with him on nis own terms, .402, Enters Italy with ; an army from: ambitious motives, where being deferred by his Italian troops, he is defeated by the Greeks, and thé Saracens their auxiliaries, " : 403. - x, 33, &■ feq. I His cruelty to. the Benevemines,. &c, death,and charamst, vhy 403, 404. x. 35.. ———— ’III. fon of : Otho -IT. and his fucceflor in the empire .: of Germany, being u. mi nor, the,aSairs:.of government are placed in thé: hands of Henry -of ■ Bavaria,.vhi.si tutor,- viiL .404; Marches to Italy, where he makes a pope, 405. Be- fieges and takes Bome,: and after cruelly treating the.antipope, puts him and; other Italians to death,1406. : He is hated by the Italians, and in great danger from them, .’40.7. His death, and character, 407, 408, x. 36, 37. _ ____ . IV. emperor of Germany,, and fucceffor of Phi]ip L of Suabia, whofe daughter Beatrix' he marries, viii. 47c. Pays great deference to the pope, whom he, gratifies lh: his demands, but afterwards quarrels with him, ibid. o Seizes the Imperial'fiefs in Italy, but lofes the empire after his defeat in the great battle of Bovines, w herein 'the-: French under Philip are victorious, 471, 472. Bstakes himfeif to a private life at Branfwic, 473.

P. A L E S T IN E , description of it, i. 204. Its different names, P and whence fo called, ibid. Its fituarion and: boundaries, 205* Extent of it variouily fettled by geographers, 205, . 206. Its former amazing fertility and abundant produce, 206, 207. Prefent barrennefs and poverty accounted: for, 2 û8. Its various drvifions, 209, &■ feq. Its valiies, plains, ’ M 4 deferte, IV :N- D r B r Xi. deferis, fcrefts, feas, lakes, and rivers.,-- 214-^218.. 'R e « Hiarkable- natural 'and artiricial rarities, "no,* -. P A LM Y R A , ruins of, described, i. .1.6 7 ,$4 ' feq. - - Falfely aferibed to ..Soloijion, but ’With mere -probability to the Greeks, ,i 6 7. k.f . PA PH LA G G N IA . and-Cappadocia reduced fey.Alexander:the Great, iij, 280. P A R M A , dtike of, hlitory of him, x. 327,.- & £e q,- The Spani|b -governor of the Milanefe -poiTeSes himfelf .oftthe greateit part of his duchy, and ravages it, 327. ■ He is re- s quired to pay a furn of money out of his duchy of Caftro to the pope, on pain of conhications and' is excommunicated by him, 328. He - is befriended by the Menetiansand other powers, and conquers the popessbrodps, 329. Agrees to an accommodation ..with the pope, .and-dues to him for abfolution, 330. \ *s----- :—- princefs of, account of her, and her marriage with Philip king, of Spain, x. 379, 380:. P A R T HA R IT and: Gundebert, joint kingsof the Lombards, XV 47 7.- He is difpoiTeiled by Grimoaldj-.and throws:himfelf on his generofity, but d 1 fc ove r in g a defrgn. -to - .pu t T im to ■ death, he hies to Tran 478. Drives out Gariboid, and' again mounts the throne, taking his -foil : Cun ip ert £b r hi 3 partner in the kingdom, 481, His death, ibid. T A R T H IA N S, hlitory Gf them,., from their revolt under Ar- faces, to the recovery of the fuprente^ power by the Per- Fans, ii. 195, Sr fsq. Not different from the Perfians when cortfidered collectively, 2 95- Their origin and hifiory, 196, & feq, ■ Recover many places in Mefopofamia from the Romans, 200. They attack the Romans, and defeat-part of their army under young Graffuv'soH -202. H hey outwit the Romans, whom they totaliy rout, and kill Craflus their general, 203, 204- Invade Syria, and are . fevers! times- defeated by the Romans, a0A.-~2.06. An tony’s unfuccefsml expedition agalnib ;theni, 206— 208. The exploits o f their kings, and their wars, &c. with-the Romans, 208—214. PASCH AL II. fucceiior of pope Urban, a great promoter of cruftdes, and quarrels with.the kings of France and Eng land, x. 57. Devifes an oath at a council for unlimited obedience of princes to the holy fe.e, 58." Effablifoes the aR called the Grace of God, prohibiting private, hoftilities en Sundays, and appoints the arehhiihop of Canterbury perpetual legate in England, ibid, His death, 59. .. ‘'PA STO R S^ I - N ■ D. E. x; ■ FASTOSS, ■ or SHEPHERDS, their InvaEon and redúcelo® of Egypt, n go, o i, Are;expelled from thence by.-Amoils, '-. :91k-.Conjectures;- of ^■a.uldioxs^côô&fming':±he:,ihepilerd-;t^va.-■ ■ ■ lion, ibid. . _ - ' /-;- -A P A T E Ü L , a brave : and ■ -accompi iihed tub; eel ■ of S wed eh, - pleads the caufe of -public;] iherty in behalf of the 'Livom- . . ans, whl ch being : cénit rue A by Charles XL into .reb el Hon, ■ he is fen ter. cud to lose his head .and right hand, and to for- .■ felt his honours and eibates,xii. 52g. ; fie dits to a foreign power to avoid the executlc n. of the cruel : fen ten ce, ; ibid. - . B efsdelïvered up ;to Charles XXL by Auguilus king of . ■ - Poland, ■ ■ though he was at .that time am bailad or .from the . Czar .of Muicovy to his court, and is condemned and broken - on the wheel,.. to the eternal In famy- of that In fatua tedmon - iter, and contrarytothe lawsof nations and human! tyyy 35. . P A U L , the.-great, apoftis of the ' Gentiles,: ; his; miraculous con- I veriiOn, L 533... ; - He .;preathes^fore.;;Feli^:, who; trembles ; 1 at his.difcourjfe, 530.... Kis defence before Pettus, who ac- . quits;-him-; of any : erlme ; : and Agrippa .■ coníeSes himfelf ■ tO; ..be,hlmoit.CQrwinced by h;s ■ d.oHrin.ey.ibícL PAçS'ÀXXASj, ;-a- Elacedonlan ngble.hiah, ' -beingincenfed.' againit Philip kin g.o f M a ceá o n, / for ; d envi n g h; m i ufti ce againit the brutiih grooms cf Attains, who had abefed him, refolkes; -1o-murcer tfcat mo3arch, ill. 271. AiTadînates him, .and is him fe;f difpatched as;: he.,w.as ..endeavouring to make . his efcape, 272. PE A C E, -propofal for it made by the powers at war in the : year 1708, xii. 55, 56, /Négociations for it' Between the courts of England and France, 5$. That of Utrecht con cluded, ci------négociation, fed on foot for thatofFontam- . ble an, its progrefs, Stc. and terms, xii. 1,21—:.x 29//Signed q 131* - - , ----— o f Rad Fa d t figned, between the/ empero r- Charles X I . and the French, dec. xii. 232.. PEDRO; the Cruel, fon and ifecceiFor of Alor.fo, king of Spain, -marries. Blanche of Bourbon, whom he afterwards impriions, abandons, and marries another, whom he Kkewife abandons, x ti. 197. His, wa rs, : and m u rders :of hi s' rela tions and others,/! 98* Puts a Jew to death under exqu.r£.te tortures, to obtain h;s treafures, and orders Blanche, to be .p0ifoned, ibid. Murders,Barparoffa, and many of his chief nobility who attended him, 199. Makes an alliance with Edward III. of England, ibid. He ungratefully evades the L payment I N-' D-.'E- X. ' payment ô f the Englifh troops,-after their eminent fer vices to him, 2GI. His death, 202v : : P L L A Y G , declared- king of. A ft urja, his bravé actions, xi i. 14 2, 142* Defeats the :caliÍPs armies with. great lois, - 143. ■■ -His::death,"¿4 4 .... y ' ■'v- : - PELO PID AS, a great gêneral-of^the-Thebaris, Is the chief' promoter of the enter prife fori deH véri h g Thebes from- the Spartan yoke, ii. 437 * ' P ro claim s!^ Thebans, ÿ. and inveils the . citadel, which is - retaken, : 438, 439. His hrav Spartans, over whom he gains a fgnai advantage, 439. In vades the Peioponnefe,! n cohjunSHon with :E pà m'inondas, and proceeds to Sparta, but is repulfed'from thence, :44i. He .'.and - his colleague are : :triedifor hreach of orders, and acquitted, 442. Eftabliihes Alexander king of Macedón on the throne, ami Is Seized and imprifoned by A 1 ex a n de rt h e tyra ri t,. an d feat to Pheræ, ■ 444*. He is fet at liberty by the means o f Epairunondas, " who "harafTes the tyrant by ikîrniiihes, 445. He is Tent to the Perfian court, where he prevails On Artaxèrxes to de clare in favour of the'Thebans, and acquires greatrhoriour by "that'négociation,ribid: : He marches to the affiftance of the Theilali ansi again fir Alexander the. tyrant, whom he de- " feats, but being tco eager in advancing to attack him, he is flain ' himíelf, 4¿8, 440. Great nrourningrfbr him by the Thebans ana Theiialians, the latter .of" whom obtain the horxur of burying hirn, 449. P E L O P O N N E SIA N war, between the Lacedæmonians and Athenians, beginning of it, is.- 339- 402. Breaks out again, " 405. .I;' PELOPONNESIANS, ravage Africa, Ii. 340. Again invade and lay it wafte, 343. P E P IN , king of France, having promifed to p u t.the pope in poffeiSon of the Exarchate and Pentapolis, marches into Italy, befieges Pavia, and obliges: Aiïulphus; to fue for peace, v. 490. Procures the city o f Comtnachio for the pope, and yields to him and his iucceiTors the ' Exarchate and Pentapolis, 4 9 1. His donation confirmed by Gharle- magne, 494. Expels the Saracens out of Corfica, x. 5. ' ' His fhips burnt by the Venetians, 6. His death, ibid. PERDICCAS I. fucceilor of Thurimas, king of the Macedo- ni ans, general account of him, and his particular - charge concerning bis burial place, and that of lus pofierity, ïil. 251, 252. ■ . ^ . ------—------XL one of the fons of Alexander, and his fuc- celTor in the kingdom of Macedón, prevails with the Potî- 3 dseans It N 4 . : Asians’ to revolt from. Athens, dii. 254. r H is -ftommions-fa- .. vaged by Sytacles, king of. Thrace, : whom - the Athenians ■,■^cxGixe■to:.ma■ke'■war■:.uppn,.him,:■■■ib!d;■.■■■;^T■nte■r3:■■into‘an■■^lHílrice■ A -with the: Lacedmmontans,cwho gainTeveral advantages’over . the Athenians, 255. Concludes a peace w ith the Atherd- .. ans,-and. maintains ftis -iadependence, 256. :H:s: aeath> ibid. PERIGbESysfonôf ;Xanihippusy.,a;.ceIebrited: leader of the ... popular faction againft the nobility at Athens, his . birth, . . .ed ucation, See. ii * 3.28- S tir s. u p: Ep hi sites to oppofe the Are- opagites, 329. ’ Bis party proiecute Cu r ion, ■ who. 1 s treated ■■ by him with great reipeef, 330. Invades the Peiopor.nefe .. with, great, fuccefs,;: and;.procures: the reft ora don of Curlon, 332. He reduces the Euhceans, fubjecting the cities of their.!Hand to the Athenians, 333. Reduces the Samians, : and eftahliih.es a democracy there, 335. - Takes their city a iecond time, on their revoking, and mulcts them the ex pence of the. war, ibid.... He d hole ales the Athenians by his-amhidous.cpndhch^ who accufe his friends, 337. pro- .. cures the acquittal of Afpkia by the force of his eloquence . and tears, ibid. . He is hirnfeif. ‘accufed by the di icon tented . . party, 33S. His advice to the Adiemans at the heglnning of the Peioponndlan war, 339. Death of his ions and re- : iations by the plague, and his excedive grief for the lofs of his fecond fon Paralus, 342. His own extraordinary death by the p eft lie nee, and remarkable laft; words, 342, 343. PERSEPO LIS, ancient city of Eerfia, defer ¡bed, Ii. 10 5 , 5c feq. PERSEUS, king of IVfacedon, endeavours to gain the friendihip of the Greeks, in oppofition to the Romans, ii. 488. He Is privately favoured by the Rhodians, and i n citeiy de feated by the Romans, 540. He commands the Roman ambaiTadors to depart his dominions, takes ieverai of their cities in Theffaly, and defeats their army, iii. 358. His im prudent con duff, in negletfing to improve his advantages againft the Romans, 35:9. His avarice and meannefs, .360. He is intirely. defeated by the Romans, and takes refuge in Samothrace, 361, 362. He is deferted by Oroandes the Cretan, who fails to that idand with his treafurc, and de fects him, 362. He is betrayed to the Romans, to whom be ds obliged to furrender himtelf, ibid. He is led in tri umph to Rome, with his family, and is afterwards con fined In a loathfome dungeon, where he dies a miierable death, 364. iv. 203, 204. PERSIA, hiftory and defeription of it, ii. 95, &-feq. Its • feyend names, extent, and ancient empire, 95, Account of t N.' W %- X , : ■■ of its; .modem .-empiréj 'and various provinces, ibid, &. feq. - Its climate, mountains, ■ rivers,- and fertility, rcoy lo i. Its trees, herbs,: and' drugsyfr-uits, .grain, flowers,;.metals"and minerals,-’-tame-and .wild .heafts',102, 103... Birds, fifhj.and naturù'-rarities,.i'04,'1-05.. Its ftrit inhabitants,-i t i . .Hif- tory .of, the., reigns- of its kings, till the conqueft of that empire by Alexander - the Great,: and ftat-e of the" c©entry ' "before Cyrus,127 ., & feq. -. Modern hift-ory of1, it, vlii. .& feq.: v vEhe.provinees-of it:recovered by Abbas the Great from the Turks,and-Tartars, &c.4* . RERSlANwar, in the reign heem o ft p erorjufti% 123v., : feq. : With.. the Turks in the reign of Amurath, :viik ; -S66,-l67. PERSIANS and Medes, theirhiftoryii. 83, 8c feq,; ■ v ; v—■ ancient, their antiquity, government, cuftoms, arts,- ■ learning,.;and trade, 1 ii. feq.Their: government,-" and: majefty of their-kingsi, 2 I12 .I r Cuftoms and man ners, 114.:: Their puniftiment-s,' marriages, and Jnceftuous- commerce, 1:15. - \Qf their coin,- ibid. Their arts and fei- ences, &c. - fol diery, .armour, arid 1 difeipline,16-. Their- : • lawsftiiy,: 8Iiv .; Royal revenues,8, 119 i'i . Oftheirre-l - ii Isgion,-1 rq,:20 .:i Their chief rules for conduct in life, 220. Their: vvorfeip foperior to :that: of their neighbours,, 221. Accountofthe refpechthey pa i d: to fir ea nd the Tun, 1 2.i) 122; Paid adoration: to :ho: fynrbolicalireprefentations,:: 222. ; Revered the elements, 12 3 ,:hTheir.priefts, temples, Tand notion of the deity, 124. ; Worfhipyarid ^ceremonies,-: and precepts to be obiervedbytheir priefts, 125. T h eir- feftivals, education-of their-children, marriages, and burials^ 2 2 6 ,12 7 . . Their. wars with the ;Greeks, T53, &: feq. They are put to night with great daughter by them, 153. Their great lofs by the brave reiiftance of; Teonidas and his 300 Spartans, : 154. Take knd: .burn, Athens, 155. - Their, fleet total !y defeated .at Sal amis, 156.. - Are totally -defeated, at the; battle o fP iataea, and their esmp forced by t-he Athe- . nians, who make a dreadful-ftaughteroF them,-ryy.: -They fuftain a great overthrow: before M-ycale by the Greeks, who burn their {hips" and camp,: 158. Hiftory of their kings after the death cf Xerxes, 16 1, & feq. Reduce the; Cypriarts, and afterwards ' retire from :the iil.and, :leaving them free and 'indep en dent, 55-31 Renew their claim -: to Arm en i a and Me fop o.tam ia, in the reign of the em peror Conftantius, and begin hoftilities, v- ¡ 8. Take Amida bv ftorm,;and raze 19it,’* ■ Renew the war with -the Romans jn -the reign of Jr: ft within Ian, var io us - iubee13 ,ft ,:T r ■ N--" 0 - e . x -; - Bunder' -BeresjiHierspoIìsj &c* and- take,- pillage* . aìid'hmriì . .v-Anüo'chi Xâ^v, Are.: defeated -in- Lamica by- 'juàm , generai' ■. octheRoomns, wìtìsw hem they-'conclude a. pea ce,. n ;, j î6» Invade îh e :Rom an d ominioiis, and- aro d efeated in -Cappa- :. : : ■ docia, 117.- Are again-totally x.Q.ùted by Mauritius, Who ■ takes- their:Oamp with -the-royal plate and tres&reyanban incredible, number ' of pnToners, -1-1S. Another -complete victory gained over them by the Romans, 119 . .. B E R T IN A X , fuccdlor of the emperor Commodus, is prevailed on againirhis will tomccent the fovereigntv, h\ ro- - His oirth - andrife,; ibid,; Bis great chareâeryceS. The prmtorian guards rr.ucinying on account of his attempts to euro their licentioumefs, enter his palace, and murder him, . ■ ^Sij-jpg-.ybHonoiirfpaiT^ "PESCENNIÜ$.. NIGER, proclaimed .emperorof ' tbeEaitiii ■ the-lreign. of the emperor::Tulianus,iv. 5x2* v He is de- ■ feared by Severus, and ilain by his men, 516. P E T £ R , the apoitle of Chnif, his rr.iniitry made indiutnen tai to the ' co ny e r tin g- S OGOto the faith, i. 531. .; He. and John mimetiloufly cure a lame man j are imprisoned by -thejanhedrim, -and releaxedby an an gei, ibid. Again brought before the ; fanhedrimy ,and through the wife counfei of Ga- . malici fet at liberty, after being fcourged, 532.- Is bmp ri iOn - ed by Agrippa, and- delivered by aiì - angeir 336. -—----- ■: joint czar with john, and after wards loie czar of Ruilia, and fuccelTor of 7'hecdore, confpiracy agalnit him by the princefs Sophia his idler, which being difeovered, he forces her to retire to a monaftery, x'n. 5S9- Allumes the foie fovereignty, 590. His fludies, and dlfcipline of his . army, ibid. ■ Takes Afoph, and builds fcveral large mips of war, 591. Travels into England and-Boiland for im.- provement,: ibid- Has an .intervie wf with! William ill. in H ol 1 an d,v Î fitsE nglan d, a ndco nf0 rm sh i miel fr o that mo narch^ ideas-, concerning the dangerous ambition Of Lewis .X IV . 59a ; ■ H i s u n wearied ir.d udry for en rie b ;.ng hi 3 mi r.d - wl til useful knowledge, ibid... S uppreffes a dangerous in fur - • reckon, 2nd cruelly punjfhes many of the authors, 593. Reform s his empire, ioide Lofes the battle c f N r.rva agnini ir the Swedes. 394. Bis-vaft de%ns,. and defeat of the - Swedes, ibid, infritutes the order, of St. Andrew, 39t. - Bis firmiri-ehuibip for king Auguffusa ccounted for, ibid. His îiarrow escape at Grodno, and ill fuccefs againR the Swedesj 396,397. Effects. them at Pul town, 397. His conduit - after the bat tie, and reafon for it, ibid. His difference with. . England- concerning-' the arreitbg his: ambaiìàdor, 598. ■3.-: : His magnificent .■ reception- of the- embaiTy from . the; .khai^ of the. Uibec Tartars.,-:and inftkutes the-order ■ o f St.; Ca tharine, ,59,9. J -Eaters. into meafures to oppofe . the / prote-. iiarst.fucceifion in Great Britain,.60c.. Trial, condemnation, land death o f the; czar,: :w,i th. his el d eit Ton, and his raih he- baviouF- towards him cenfured,'''6oi-i-i,-;-.;.His-.-refpe£l:abie;-:iiti['a--: ntion.,;:..and-h.civiIizatioh^-'nf:--:-:his-;--'=fu-bjedi;Si1-..6iQ2. '■ His death, 663. - -. ' .. ’ " P E T E R S BU RG H , treaty of, between the emprefs of Rufiia and -Hungary, its. conclufion, xii. 243. a PHA R AMOND, king;of1 thePranks, andfonrof Marcomir, at what time he is fuppofedltoihave reigned over the: Franks,:, V. 392. - ■■ ' PHARA'QH, king o f; Egypt,. appoints Jofeph to the gonem- . ment of that, country, i. 31?.. Sec J oseph. ■■■■.;' ■■ :. _ —— another king of Egypt, conjectures concerning him, 1. 323. OppreiTcs the Iifaelltes, ibid. Is drowned with : his army in the Red Sea, 337. See Is r a e l it e s . ; .y ; PH ARISEES* cabal- and" rebel againR Alexander, who Hays : many thoufands of the Jews, i. 4.76. : Alexandria his wife ; reconciled to them,. who afterwards perfecute the Sacducees, 477, 478.ll. .Join, the, Herodians in 1 a confpjracy againit the Chrikiahs, 513. " Are irritated againif him, and determine to cut birr, oit, which at length they effedf, 521. PK A RN A G ES il.fb n : of Mithridates, has Ithe; kingdom of Bofphoriis bellowed on himlby Pompey, iii. 528. Recovers part of bis hereditary dominions, and reduces Bithynia and Cappadocia, 529. He is defeated by Gaefar, who recovers the places he had polfeiled himfelf of, 529, 530, Attempt ing ;o recover the kingdom of-Boiphorus, he is defeated, and flain by Afanderyô./ PH ILIP, brother?of Perdiccas,. fome account :of his exploits, ii. 368, & feq, Affumesthe admin titration of -the govern ment of Macedon, iii. 259. Is'declared king by the Mace donians, and reduces the Pseonlans, ibid. Defeats the; II- lyrians, whom he obliges to give up their conqueils in Ma cedón, and makes himfelf mailer of Amphipolis,- Pydna,; and Pot-id aea, 260. Subdues the. count try between the jri- vers Strymon and INalius from the Thracians, Ibid. Re duces Methone in Thrace, before which his eye is ilruck out by a ikilfui archer, and entering ThelTaly, is twice de feated, and forced-to leave that country, but at iength- over-comes the ThefTalian tytant Locophron, ibid. Kis ambitious projects againfl the Athenians, 262. Refolves to make war on the Qlynihians, and reduces their capital, I N- D £ ■ X.\" 2:62,, 2.6 - lofbance of his generoiity towards Satyrus a . p layers- 263.- Makes peace wi nh tfaeAt hen Ians, ibid- JPafifes the Ära i ts cf Thermopyiie, ■ -red uces; the Eh c ci ans, and puts ■ an end to die faered war, 264. Extends h is ■ con quells „I a TChrace^.i-bid.-.,. Invades Illyrium, and redness the barbari- . ans, 265, Engages, in the difputes with the- Eubceans, - hut ' . drops the enterpnfeâb^,.^ 65 . Beiieges Pefintbus an'dByzany tmm5.:and; is. obliged .tobretire.frcmrhoth, 267k Makes war os the Scythians,-. and;.defeats the iEThalli* ibid:.... Is chofen. general .by-the Ampbicfyons, and throws ;-the Athenians: ' Into great confternation,: 20S. iThe Athenians and The bans enter.into: an alliance .againft him, and are defeated by him atGhteronsea, 269.. ■ Becomes fovercign of Greece, and . .chofen their generalihimo agaihil the Ferfans, ibid. Diften- iions in. his family, particularly with refpect tohis wife . Olympias, and: Alexander bis ion,; 27c. f EHfobHges .Baufa- nias, who refolves to murder him, 271. . Prepares - for his A'fiatic- expedition,1 and. con fu Its the Delphian oracle there upon, which: givep.a. doubtful;ahfwery; ibid. . Makesfump- tuous entertainniems at BEgse,: on themarnage of his .daugh ter.; Cleopatra, .and 1 the birth of a fa n to him, 2 7 2 . Is. murdered byi--Paftfanias* .as.-he;approached;--to venter the the- :atre in. the proceiTion, ibid. His character, and iftite,: 2 72, . 273' .'iv-- fi.bs ■....■■£ PH ILIP, nephew and pupil or Antigonus Dafbn, -king:jor the Macedon ians, and his fueceiTor in the throne,. engages., in the facial, war, in. .Greece, and after fbme ume degene - rates into cruelty and brutality,: iii. 353. Makes war with the Romans, by whom he is reduced to a : miferable abate, and meets with divjfions: in his family, ibid. He is ordered to juitify his conduct with refpeci to. the .Thracian ip-cur- lion before the Reman fcr.ate, who are appealed by his ion Demetrius, 354. Quarrel, between his. two fons Perfeus and Demetrius, the latter of which is put to death, 354., 355. Balls into a deep melancholy, on diicovering the un juft treatment of his ion, 356. His death, ibid. iy. 199. ., , _____ fueceiTor of Gordian the Rom an emperor, h is. extrac tion, &c. and peace with- the PeriLns, iv. 542. Defeats and humbles the Carpi,; and is him (elf overcome by Decrus his governor, who had revoked from him, and is killed at Verona, ibid- ______ft of Suabia, chofen king of the Romans, and oppofed. by Otho, viit. 466. Prevails agair.ithis competitor,, and is crowned emperor of Germany, 467. Treacheroully op- pofgd by pope Innocent III. who excommunicates him by his %ls 'legates.,- MS." .Obtains1- qttlet-fppilei&orr of v the empire, ■ and-.is' abtojvedffrom bis- 'excommunication,-4684.46-9- Is aiTaiEnaietf by cou'n t Otho;: of; Bavaria, - 469.. - Sonjediarres .. concerning bis murder, and his- excel]ent character, ibida PHILIP, king-of Spain, his-cruel per feciition of theproteilants, - on- the eftabliihmeht of .the-, Inquifitioiy. there; arid - bis imprudent conduit with regard to the -Netherlands', ix. 304. .------I. king of-France;, being a minor at- bis- acceiiion-, governs by bis* guardian Baldwin- earl; of Flanders, x. -443. His mifconduct c:enfared by the 40964445. - L)pprduds h : -■■■'iFabje&s., ibid. ' Repudiates hiswife,y deedives Ernrnap"rincefs o f 'Galabria, and marries the counteis 'of Anjou, 446-. - ’ His . enormities cen fared by the pope,-whothr ! cates him, 447. Engaging in the crafade, be becomes con* - temptibie among his fubjeefe, and aiTociates his fon Lewis ■ •'with. him in the government, ibid. Cruel practices of his wife Bertrade againii Lewis,' which are rniftrated, 448,: 440. ' ■ Hikdbatbfand character, 449;4 . ------If.iu : named Auguilus, fucceifor of Lewis'the1 young, king of France:, exterminates bis ci'iba-nded foldiers, :x. 464. Sdfeats- -a confederacy againfi: him, ibitM Reannexes.-the Vermancois to his domain, and makes war with Eng land, 465. Sets out on a era fade,- 466. ' In faked by 'R i chard king of England, towards whom be behaves tmgen'e- louily, and quits him, in order to return to France, and gratify bis revenge, 467. Marries Ingerberge,; a Efaniih ' princefs, and takes’Eureux In Normandy, 468. Continu ance of the war between him and Richard, 469. Parts with his wife to marry Agnes, daughter of-a "Dalmatian duke, but, being terrified by the pope, he takes her again, 470. Meditates1 the reduction of his great lords, and pre pares to invade ’England, wherein he is difeone'erted by ;thc pope, 47a. Confederacy againfi him, and gains the great battle of Bovines ygainif Otho, 473. His death, ;and cha racter, 475. Hid.'progeny, 476. - -■ III. commonly called the Hardy, fucceifor of Lewis' IX . king of France, fatal eifeAs of the: crufade agamit the king-of Tunis to his family ana army at his acceiiion, xl.4 28. His favour!te La Broife hanged, 29. His queen accufed of poifoning his eldeir fan, is'c -eared by her champibh’s proving victorious, 30. His expedition into Spain, ibid. His death, wives, and iffue, 31. - — IV. ih roamed the Hand fo rhe, fen ana, iucceilor of Philip TIL king of France, ' trisites war with Edward I. of England, xi. 32. His breach of faith towards that prince, 33* I N" C'"É"’'X. ‘ 33' ■ i&ccommodatesTiF differences -wkfr England,’ by' the interpofition. of Charles: the Lame, iring-of Maples, 3 a. - ;;At variance; with: pope Boniface, end impriíbns bis"IE^dte^ ■ 34, 35. JJiiowns the Roman pontiff’s •'authority -in tem porals. 35. Seizes his perlón at Anagni, 36. Gompromife ■ between him ar.d tbs "future pope,. 38. .Cauies of h'ts exter- . iríinatron: of: the Knights Templars, . 3S, dc ieq. Attacks Fianders,■ in. which expedition lie- i5 u:nfu.ee«Gful, 413.. '* His accommodaiiónwitb tus king of England, arH" renewal o f :-the. 'Fleca]S i; war, 44. ILs dometr.c troubles, and ■ death, 45. P H fL lF V. fumameu the Ta}], fuCceiior of John I. king of vv Fran ce, ■■ ■ moan rs th e throne, ' in confeetien ce: of" the 1 Sailqu e law, xL 'A.Q. -RebreiLs" the grievances of "his people, 50, "Summons Edward II. of England to" do--him homage for his ■ Frencb-dominIons, ■ which he evades, ibid,"" His good. Hefigns oppefee, and in some meafure fruifmtsd, by the French. 5 1. Degeneracy of bis fubjeors, and" psrvsrlion of y;dice emongib ■ them, ibidr His death., character,, marriage, and iffue, 52. ■ --;----V I, of Valois, fumsmed the Fortunate, fucceffof of ; Charles;,IV, king or France, diScuIties attending the ad- inir.ifnation on the death1 of his predeceüor, xl. 58. Re gency adjudged to him, but claimed'by Edward" the Brit i fa ■ monarch, 59. .'Differences -between the-two princes con cerning homage, 61. ' Takes part with the Scots, and forms alliances againit Edward, 04. His barbarity, by 'the; trea cherous murder of Cl I So a ' and his friends, 68. Publifhcs a manifeffo again if Edward, and prepares tor war, 69.. 73. Follows Edward with- an army of 100,060 men, and is defeated at the battle of Creffy, 74, ft ieq. His "infatuated, and-1 imprudent conduct on that oceahon. 77. Challenges Edward to a battle, which is Sighted by him with copinéis, ■ 78. His cbftinacy, and retreat, from the Engirds, $ r. A c quires Dauphmy to his fans:ly, 83. Deatn, and charac ter, ibid. ------II. fucceffor of Charles, king of Spain, gives ihock- mg fpecimens of his bloody infer Able du politico, mil. 24a. His vail proieefs, and ill fuccefs at fea, ibid. His impel luc conduct with reipeR to the Low' Countries, 243. State of his family, and.his inveteracy againit the protedants, by fending the fangumary duke of Alva to root them our ot - the Low Countries, 244. His wars with- the Morifboy ibid. Suppofed to have, put his fon Don Carlos to death, 246* His marriage with Anne of Auifrla, ibid. Grows jealous of his ionDon John, whom he makes governor oiVhe" 74 Low . ï - W- D.- E-XT L qw Countries 5. 24.7.,;/- : becomes ' king - of Portugal, |mt ■ ' rende r s himfe lit i np op alar i h e re, 249. 352.-. Refolyes on a : : war with theEnghih,. -who dexeat bis armada, and invade Spain, "250,. 251 . ' .■.■■¡Hìs-'death, and private character,/ 252,

PHlHIP d ll. fucceiTor of his father- Philip.XI. kibg^of,¡Spain, / e nd è avo urs to make good b Ì s -rid ic clous dai mito-the ero wn * qf England, by 1iipporting a : rebellion ■ in Ireiand,; xi. 253, Concludes a peace with England, :2.54.-H is : cr.ueb exput- ... fion of the Moors, out of Spain, 255. His death,:-257, - - — IW -of Spain, fucceiTor of Phil i p III. : marries - : the- archduchefs Mary Anne of Aufiria, his own niece, xii. -2660 His ariny : defeated; by the Portuguefe, and his: immoderate; concern omthat oecaiìon,: 27H , H;is; death, ibid.; ; : ..... ■ V* . king of Spain, in - confequence of th e w illo f - Charles XT- wife difpofidons for his acceffion, x i i 2 8 1, 282. He is acknowledged by the confederates, 282. /Makes a campaign in 'Italy, ibid.T is forced to raife the fiege of Bar celona, 285. He is- favoured bythe mlfcondudì of ■ his rival the archduke Charles I IL and adopts a new plan of ; go- ' . vernrnent, H86. /■1 H is; dì ft reliesand fr e schermi s conduci;;: of his minifters, 2 8 8 ,2 8 9 ;Defperate duration of his} affai rs5 and defeat at A! menar a and SaragoiTa, 29p. He ; is extri cated from his diti; culties. by the duke of Vendofme, ibid. Great révolu dons- in h is: favo ur, and feulement -of him on the throne ' by th e treaty of U treicht, : 291, 292. :Second m arri age t o the princefs of Parma, and appoints : cardinal Alberoni, the agent for the -match, his firit minifter, • 295. Refigns and refumes his crown, 298. Account of -the mili tary operations in the war between his fubjedtsandtheEng- !ifh after the convention, 305, Sc feq. His..death,-314* PHILIPPI, frit and fécond: battles of, iv. 285, 286. " ' P H IL IST IN E S, their origin, government, 149— 151* Hiitory of them, 15 1,6 : feq. Made tributary by David, X59, Their total end foretold:, 160. PH ILIP PIC US, fon of Bardanes, proclaimed emperor .By the Roman army, and takes poiTeiBon of C on ftantin 0 p 1 e,v . 130. The people being.diiTatisfied with his government, h« is depofed, and fucceededby Anaitafius, ibid. PH ILO PÆ M EN , -chief of the Achæans, defeats and kills - Machanldas the Spartan prince, it. 433. Gains leverai ad vantages over NaBis, the tyrannical governor of Sparta, 434. Prevai Lyon the Spartans to unite themfelves to the Achæans, 436. His gallant behaviour in an affiori with ■ the El cans, 474. He is appointed Achæan præîor, ibid. . . I N D E '-x; character, 474:^ 475. He is defeated .at' Tea- by".NabiY the Spartan tyrant, but retrieves ’his reputation.- by a iignal v advantage- :cver: the; enenvy,- 470, 480. Gains a complete ■ viHofy by land over Nabis, wherein he displays ^rcat mar- ■' tIai rKLii,::4BG. Procures the junction or the Lacedaemoni ans to th&:;A:cha?an :kague aiter tlie - death of Nabls, aim a: remarkable infra nee of hi sdIiiate refted he is , Ibid. . Treats the: Lacedaemonians. wlth -great-feverity, oa: their rcnounc- 5 rig.-■ their’ al II ante wl th - the Acmea ns, 482. He. is taker*: prifcaeraby: the Meifen i a a r eh e I s,:; and put to death;, by them,. 485, 486. Puniihtnenc of his murderers, and honours' paid him at his funeral. 4S6. P HLL0 da AS, ion of Parmenio, a ecu fed of a. defign arainft the life of Alexander, and,, 'with otherfcbnipirators, put to ■ death, hi. 293. ' PHQCIEA, ■ one; of the chie f cities of Ionia, its ancient- and tpreieht ikteylli. 1. . Its various-fates, 2. . P H G C AS A NS, account .of them, lii. i ;.. Some- cf them fee--, ding in S pain, a red riv eh fr om th ence 0 yH a r d a gu s, - on eo f Cyrus's generals, and retire to Corfica, and from that rfiand'-iofRcegiuifi-, 2» :- ... PHOCASjta-centurion, declared'emperor of tbeEaft by the army, and crowned i n; Co nil a n tine p 1 e, v .1 2 0 - Can his ■ Mauritius his..predeceRbr,yanT children, to.be put tc death, ibid. . His exceriive tyranny and cracky. I2 i- Puaiihes \v i th great lever icy . an in 1 u rrection again it aim at Conibantinople, 1 22. He radius, fon of the governor of Africa, revolting from him, defeats, and. puts him to a. cruel death, ibid. . - PHOCIAN- war, ii. 401. 452. PHOENICIA, its boundaries, and cities, h 182— 134.-: Its foil, and wholfomenefs of its air and climate, 184. Cari- ollties, and remains of its ancient ipiendor, 184, 185.4 An tiquity of the inhabitants of it, from- whonv. deice.nded, and their government,; dee. 185, & icq. T hem hiilory, ana kings, t.93, & icq. PHCENiCiAN-S, theirhiilpry, i. 182—204. Sec P hoenicia. PH R YG IA , origin of, under ermined,ii. 147. Its dm lion, foil and climate, cities-.of note, and chief rivers, 47—49* ------M IN O R, hiftory of it,, ii. 55, C feq.. " PH R YG IA N S, &c-. their ancient hiilpry, ii- 4 5 , & % - Their antiquity and origin, 49, 5O- Their govern ment, trade, language, and religion,' 50. Their Chief deity, Cvbelej herorleils, ceremonies, andfaennees, 5c, 5 r. N 2 Other Oilier idols worshipped by them, 52. '■ Theirniftory, ibid. & ieq. ' : PIN ARI-DS j governor of ;Enna, maiFacres tllev iokahitantsof that pi ace 5 and gives it up to be plundered by thefoldiers, iii. 100« " a . - PI SO5 head of a confpiracy againil:the ■ errspercr ■ Nera, his conduct on that cccafion, iv. 395, 396. Kills himfelf, , 398. ^ PIUS II. fucceffcr of pope Calixtus III. favours the caufe of ■ Ferdinand king of Naples, x. 206. Quells a: commotion 1 in Rome, and punifhes the ringleaders, 207. His .death, 208. , 1^-— III. chofen pope, fuccceding Alexander Y L in that dig nity, x. 225. His death, on the twenty-fixth day: of his pontificate, 226. . —— IV. mcceffor of Paul IV. in the Roman, pontificate, continues the council of Trent, Xi. 274.. His legates op- poled at .the council, and reject the articles of reformation ; and by his. (caudalbits management and that of his legates, gives oirence to the cardinal of Lorrain, and the emperor Ferdinand, 275. His death, 277.. ■ ------V. fuccelfor of Pius IV. in the papal fee, his zeal, vir tues, and vices, vii. 278. His' friendihip"'for Mary ¡queen of Scots,, and firenuous efforts ’for the enlargement of-his authority, Ibid. Eredis Tufcany into a great duchy, in defiance of the emperor and the king of Spain, who had claims upon it, 279. His views, and heads the confederacy againft the Turks, ibid- His nhfcondudt in England, with. refpeH to Elizabeth and her catholic fubjedts, 279, 280. , His share of the plunder after the defeat of the Turkiih fieet at Lepanto, 281. His death, ibid. - P L A T O , the famous Greek philofopher, his honourable tef- timony of Dion, hi. 69. He is fent for to court by Diony- ■ fius, who receives him with great joy and refpeif, 70. He - is envied and calumniated by-Phil-ifius, and other courtiers, ibid. Leaves Sicily, 2nd afterwards returns to Syracufe at the requeit of Dionyuus, 7 1. .Is difgraced by him, and returns to Greece, ibid. ;P L A T rE A , a city of Bceotia, furprifed by the Thebans, ii. 339. Befieged by Arch id am as, king of Sparta, who, by the-vigorous defence of the inhabitants, is obliged to retire from it, 342. 'P L A U T U S, the celebrated play-writer, his comedies when ■■■1 firit acled at Rome, iv. 200.. ' P O LA N D , I N' D E X. “ OI .AND, its war with the Taras, vil i. 229, & feq. Hif- tory of that...country,;MI. 609, k. feq. Its dukes and kings . ÍB early sges, 6 125 & feq. . : ^ POLISH cenñkuclon, hiífcry of. It, sir. 6oq, Sc feq. PO LY BIUS,..: the hi {tori an, is lent with other arribailrdors to Marcias the-Roman .confuí in. Thefialy, to acquaint him with ¿he.-reíolation ■ of the Achaean republic , to adhere'to and affifi the. Romans, H. 489. His farther negoeiarians with them, ibid. He is confined, with others the moil eminent of his countrymen, by the" Romans In Italy, 40 r. Interefts many of the greateR men in the fensre in his fa vour, and,, gaining the affection of the two fans of Erui- lius, the yo unge ft prevails on Cato to. efpoufe the caufe of the Aeh scans, who procures their enlargement and return, .492. Remains in Rome, and is promoted to great digni ties, Ibid. P O L Y C R A T E S, one of the ions of ¿Yaces, tyrant of Sa mos, feizcs on the government, if 558. "Reduces the neighbouring Hlands, 559. Throws a valuable rine into the fea, which he recovers In an extraordinary manner, and enters into an alliance with Cambyfes, king of PeriA, ibid. He forms a defign of conquering Ionia, but is rreae hero My Bain by O roetes, governor of Mag nena, 560. His great qualities, which are tallied bv his tyrannical difpoBtion, ibid. " PO LYD O RU S and Theopompus, their reigns over the Spar tans, ii. 3S7, k feq. Their deaths, and amiable characters, the former being killed bygone Pole mar thus, 300. PO LYSPERCH Ó N , one of the governors oí Macedón, has the regency conferred on him by Antipater, in. 338. His Beady conduct, Ibid. Puniihes tne Pcs o.poitn chans with great fe verity and inhumanity, 339. Endeavours in vain to fucccur Olympias, 341. He attempts, without eifedR to excite the Macedonians to revenge the murder of Roxana and her fon Alexander, 344- Proclaims Hercules, fan of Alexander by Barline, king ; but on a pro.po.fal from Caf- fander to fhare the fovereigntv with h::n, afterwards baicly murders him at an entertainment, iD;d- PQ M PEY, having been referred to by. Byrcanus and Arl- ftobulus, to determine the controve:iy between them rent ing to the high prleithood, &c- i.ivout's Ryr etuius, ang.-alter- wards befieges and takes the city and temple of Jerusalem, 1. 480, 481. Reidores Hy.rearms to the prieRhood, with the title of prince, 481. ríe is charged with the war agamic the pirates, and, being made admiral of the Romans, clears N 3 the I N: D ■ E :■ X.- the feas gí them, 1^. 225* 226,,.: "is appoïntcâ' Commanâëi1 In. chief of all the .Romaa forces, 226- Marche's- againib M i th ridâtes, whom he :defea t s s ■ and- for ce s - to- fly, '227» Marches ■ againít T í granes, v/ho,: being: obliged to ' forren- der, becomes : a friend .and- ally of- the Romans.,-- 22S,. Marches againft the Med es and Syrians, and-receives-the fubmiiTton of Àntiochus, : allowing him only: a part o f Syria, 228,- 229. ’ Refufes peace to Mitb-ndates, 2-29. w Reduces i Judea, 239. Returns to Rome, where.he has a;: fplendid triumph : granted' him, - 2 34. Join s Cæfar and Craffus, i a forming the fîrft great triumvirate, 235. He grows jealous of 'Cæfar, and endeavours £0 leñen his reputation, 245. Is made- foie conful, new troops are allotted to him, and is continued governor of Spain: four years longer, 246,: 247, JËfFeâs of the: jealoufy between him and: Cæfar, 248,& ieq. Beginning of the civil war with his competitor, 251. He leaves Rome, with the confuís,‘ and- moil of the fenators, 252. Prepares for war, 255» Prog-refs of it, 256, & feq. . Defeats Cæfar at Dyrrhachium, and neglects to improve his victory, 259. He is totally defeated by Cæfar in the plain of Pharfaba, and his camp taken, 262. Fites to Egypt, where he is treacheroufly murdered, 263* .PO N T IU S P IL A T E , fucceeds Gratus in the government of Judea, i. 507. His cruel and tyrannical condudh towards the Jew5,-ibid. Baniihed, and kills himfelf, 533. PO N T U S, hiftcry of the kingdom of, iil. 505, & feq. Its boundaries and chief cities, &c. 506. Firft inhabitants of it, and their arts, dec. ibid. Its kings, and their exploits, 507, or feq. Reduced to a Roman province, 528. POPES, or biihops of Rome, nomination of them claimed by the emperor Henry1 XXL who caufes the feríate and peo ple of Rome to (wear never to chufe one without the .con sent and permiñion 01 the German emperors, viiL 417. T he Romans afpire to independency upon 'them, x. 61. Depofidon of two of them, which produces a triple-headed monñer, 107, tóS. Their intrufion into the Spanlfh eoun- oils, xii. IÔÏ. P O R T U G A L , war between it and Caftiîe, xd. 204— 206, Affairs there in 1578, and Philip becomes king of it, 249. Raifes itself into an independent kingdom, 2nd throws off the Spanîfh yoke in the reign of Philip IV . and the mini- itry of Olivarez, proclaiming the duke of Sraganza king, under the title of John IV . xii- 263. War there in 1704, with Philip of Spain, 284. Protected and faved in 1734 by the Engiifh, 304, PILtory of it? 324, & feq. Xu Rate « I N D E X. the:year 1080. 324, -325. Further hiñory of It, from 'the- election of Don ■rj'uan the Fi.-it, to the-death, of .- Don Sebafean, ,336, =,Se ieq. - The Spaniards- become maf- 0 tersof, ^, 3-52. Donbiemarrk it and-Spain, ' 36.7 . papers-: ..relatingó. to the . breach, between' thofe two' powers, 370. FOSTHUM TUS, :a - man of mean extraction,. but 0f extra- . ■ ordinary . parts . apdfvalourp- proclaimed; emperor-- fev -the' R e- • ^ta^-iróbpé 'mfGauí, • iv. 54.S,: '.Drives:;, the i ,G¿rma-ns;-oüf- of -■ G.áíá,r'ap4';''%;tós.' moderation iF goyemrnent.procures -um-- ■ verGLePeemfibidA FR A G M A T TC far,Sion,, is moos■: i aw■' To '■ called,,.the ■ foun-do- ■ tior of the i liberties, of;the Galilean ' church, "its-: ihfutary- tendency, xh 204. FR O BUS, fuceeitcr of Tacitus, proc-aimcd emperor by-the Roman armies, his cha racier, iv. 50:. Reduces great part of Germany,, and all I fa uric, ibid. Employs thefoldierv in; many ufeful 'works, and reigns wtth. great probity and juftice. 562G Killed byttne.foidiers, ibi.df -pRQGOPIUS, kinfinan of Julian, account of .his revolt in--, -the r eigii. o í' the : ernperorf■ F alehs ,■ vv: ,'3g . ■; . Tak e $ Cyztcus, with a large fum of money there belonging to ;the enyoire, "ior: pay >df the' .troops, "ibid/'' He'Is- defeated by -V.alens," and. ■ putto'de2tH.Ty.him',e4o'-'-- R R O T E ST A N T S , make a if rong eifort for; the eñablifhment of their religion at the d;ct of Spire, but . the.. decree of Worms being enforced again ft them, they- proteit’againibit, from which they obtain their name, ix . 104. .Oppofe: the .elé&ion of the king of the Romans, intended by his bro ther the emperor Charles, toó. Obtain many advantages from the emperor, and particularly A ■d Fregard■ of the .de crees of Worms and Aupfbourg, 10 7. tend a her manors to Charles at Genoa, reject the pope's bu": hr convoking a- council, -.and ;di fall owing ah proceedings: .in- .council under his-. authority, r 1 o, Have ! Ibei ty' ot :conrete nee A■:&wets ,heut in Germany, ii-2, A it; it the emperor--Cha "íes- ágairdi tne French king, but afterwards unite agpunT. him. On'ins uG ferabling -a council under the poce,- 114. Their c-urfeae- ,-2cv broken by the emperor, and them troops At'Gated by the* Imperial lih, 116,117. T ake ihe held again«: hmy and well nigh fe is e h is per fo n, 1 a o. ■ D uc L 1 m rive pope ’$ au thority with refpeit to councils, and prefer th.r: or" Ate " .emperor of Rome, 124. Prop refs ot their re by on in. the ¡empire, l%S. Their di'fpures-.i:i Germany with, tbs Ro- N 4 ■ rnan i ,;n d e -x /. man-catholics, 1 35. Refent the infolent treatment of their . deputies S v the: imper 1 al c o un ci R am a throw. their. • commiR . faries out: ef a window., 140, 4 Arm for their- :defence,;.-=be-.' i9■£■ j oi ned bymany catholics,and take the ■ city. and fortiS- catioris. of Pr agueqibld. Their fuccefis in Bohemia,; where they /take Pit fen. 14 1. perfecution of them in : France by the Petting up of.cruel courts of niquifition for-punifhing heretics in the reign :oi :Prands / H .x i.3 4 2 . .Queen-mo ther, .in tbe: time of Charles IX:. the French king, flees With them, '346.. join their. German,■ ■ auxiliaries,.- being fupported by queen Elizabeth, but agree to. pacification, 355:. The- queen-mother, fee ref]y conipires agalnfi: them, many of whom are executed in Franco. 556. Lofe the battle of Jarnac, 357- Their caufe declines, but is re vived by queen Elizabeth, cyo ' -'-KiRory cf the.cruel maf ia ere of them'in France on. Sc. Barrhoiomew’s day, 36 1, 362. F 0rrnTable confe¿era cy of them,3 6 6 .' . BaciScacion in their favour, 372. Supported by .queen. Elizabeth.,,:$S5. Favoured by Henry I;i. cr y ranee, .who palies the cdicl of Nanis- 47 7» L .■ cerences amongib. ...them■ in. the r elgn of .Lewis X lii. 24c. u.64 ILriecuted by Lewis X IV . xiu .51. PR U SIA S, king of Bivhynia,. amifs, the Rhodians aga.lnil the . Byzantines, and takes Hieron, &c. From them, ii, 535. Re ft ore > his conqueits, agreeable to the peace concluded be tween the two powers, 536.. ~ PRUSSIA, king of, icins other powers againfi the hou.fe of Auftrla, and feizes Silefia for his,, own ufe, ix. 233..’ . Ap plies to the court of Vienna, and propofe? terras to the eniprefs queen, on her furrendering half of Silefia, which are rejected, 234. Peace between them, 23s. : Plans the conqueii of Bohemia for the emperor, and again invades that country, 237. Reduces, the greatefi. part .of the king dom Abut being deceived, as ufual, by the French., he is at length forced to retire with lofs, 23S, 233* ■ Beats the Auitrians under prince Charles ef Lorrain in Saxony, .which be conquers, 239, 240, Silefia ceded to him at the peace of Aix-Ia Chape He, 243. R e fen ts. the. treaty of Peterfburgh, as being concerted to his prejudice, 244. He is put to the ban of the empire, at the mitigation of his enemies, 246. Invades Bohemia, 248. Is defeated by count Daun, who raifes the fiege of Prague, 249. His retreat, and curious deicripuon of him, penned by himfelf, 250. De-- feats the French at Rofbach, but lofes Schweidniiz and Rrdlau, 251, Beats the Auitrians from their jntrench- ments3 - E '/ X . ' merits, and takes Breuau, 252.. Gams the batils of Zem- , dorfr, but is iur pr ifed by Daua at Hochkirchen, aad f riven■ . from; thence with ■. ■ irreparab led lois, 7 257. '. Defeated near ' ■ Franckfort, with prodigious lots, by theRuiSans and Aus trians, 265. His- eiiorts po: repair. Gis loiies5 b*dt is- iliil urn- fortunate, 266, 267. He is reduced to adeiperate cond L tlon. 269, Intire;defeat of his general :Fouquet hy; Dau- cohn, which expofes his S heila a corrdruons, 270. Deceives ■ Daun ha.a march, and .lays-.iie.ge. t-o rDreiden,'hue retires from it, 271. His prodigious march; of 200 . mlies lit Me days,-.-'-and defeat of ,Laudohn,. 275... He is greatly diftreiied by his .numerous and powerful enemies, 277* Gains the battle of Forgau, though with, great lots, 27S. His farther fucceiies, 279. .Pretended conipiracy again it h i m, 2 S 9. Favourable turn to his affairs' by the death of the emprefs .ofRutEa, and.friendship of the emperor her fucceiFor to wards him, 29O- Breaks into the empire, ana ravages, the Andrian territories, 292. Makes peace with the'queen of Hungary, and remains in. poffeniari of Sdeiia, fbid, PRUSSIANS, rife..of them. rili. pro. ' ' P T O L E M IE S of Egypt, their hiftory, from the death of Alexander the Great, to the reduction of that kingdom by the.Rbhnans,. ill. 4,18,■ -.& fecy . . P T O L E M Y , fon of Tagus, invades Cyprus, and: reduces, the. gr sate it part of it from Antigonus, and pun ilhesNi co des king of Paphus, for c-orreiponding -with him, ii. 554. ------C ER AU N U 5 , be co m i n g k i n g of Mac ed o n, m 2 rri e$ Ariinoe, his half-finer,- and by that means gets polled!a a of the rich city of CaTmdrb, puts her two ions ro death, and bardihes her to S a moth race, ill. 34$, 349. He is Ham. by the Gauis, 34Q...... [ — E.PIPH.ANES, king of Egypt, declared fucccOor of Ptolemy PkiLdeiphus, renounced by the Jews, who take part with Antigonus a grind him, h 447, 448. . ------E U E R G E T E S , king of Egypt, penetrates intoEthi- opia, v. 26c.. Part of a Greek infeription. concerning his expedition thither, 26 r. _____ PHILADELPPiUS, king of Egypt, 2 protedor and friend of the Jew's, and a lover of learning, L 444. Ac count of the Septusginc fuppofed to be ’written In his reign, ¿,44, 445- Sends arnhailadors to Rome, iv: 180» PU N IC , 'or Carthaginian wars, hi dory of them, from their beginning to the aeifruPLion oi Carthage, the capital' of A Rica, iv. 182, & feq. Beginning of the fecond, 19 1, ■ Of the third, to the deitrudtiQn of Carthage, 204 206. - ' J PUPIENUS ,i/ } n FU.PIENUS .M AXIM US, declared- emperor with Balbinuscm.' . the depofition of Maximln, i v-5 37 ; .Govern, with, prudence - and moderation,: 539-, I: Areokiilea by the mutinous. prrn- ■ torian guards^ ibid. -m-.-- P YR fE U M ,; by: the; udvice' of Themuiocles,. made part of' - : ■ ■ ■ Athens, ii. 323. ■ ■ ■ - m,v; :P Y R R H U S ,. ki-ng; of Epirus, b.elng ■ invited into ■ S icily, is put infull poiieiTion .oUSyracufe,;: the Seetv and public trea- ' pure, a nd ft vp s th e. C art h ag ini an $ ■ ■■ o f moir o f: the i ra c qui ii - ■ tions, ili.'90. Makes his ion king lor: Sicily, and difobligcs the Sicilians by reiolving on an expedition to Afries,ibid. Abandons the ¡hand, and is -met at lea by-the Garthaginians,' . . who deftroy. his deer, 91» ■

Q U A D R U P L E . A L L IA N C E , ;;prppofed;by Great Britain-,, etweem George. L the emperor. France, and the States : ' General,, for maintaining the neutrality :of Italy, fubftance of it, X. 381, 3S2. :: . i ■■ Q U E B E C , he-ge 1 of, by-the. Enghíh under general W oífe' and .admiral■;Saunders, and. difEe.ul.ties. attending that expe- ■ 1 : ditioh, xii. 1 1 oi. Uefcription:of:the;:baft:le'.t;here5,ii;'r.- S'ür--. render to; the Engíiíh.,■ 112. Beñeged by the French, and relieved by. the Engliih ibippint Ii Q U EEN .of. SHEBA, her viut to Solomon, i. 4c 1, See So lomon, and Sh eb a . . -h/---, /try Q U EY Y EW K H A N ... hjibory of, the interregnum and reigns of him and the cth e r. fu c c e fib rs of Je n gh iz khan ,1 vii : ; 3 4. r, & . ■ r.ifeq,-•''/Istbls&ed tgfeaf khan,:'342'. "His'mother■ the/.dbwager- ... emprefs-faid to nave:been, a favourer of the Chrlilians, ibid. ■ /Obfcurity of h Is. hiñG r y',\ ■: a r.d his death, 342, 34.3. ; -. ;Q U rET ISM ,:.:hiiiorvf of it,:' as'- propagated by Molinos a Spa ni ill pri ell, x. 353. 354. iU:u ih men t and recantation of its author, 354-. Its p 01 g r e C a m on g it t h e r eel ufe Roman . .: : cathol ic$, and fo me pro iella n ts, Ib id. . Hiño r.y of it in : Prance, where it is embraced by . Madame Gúyen, and Fene- loo. the famous hbifhop of Cambray, 363, 364. V ■ Q Ü IN T IL IÜ S VAP.U S, .ah; ■ ■ a va rie i oes ge ver nor of S y r 1 a in the reign: o fA u cu he s,- impoverì ibes that country 'by bis rapacity, and. aiter.wa.:b.3'éin'cenfieg the Germ ns by his ex- -,torti on s.,; ■■■he is defeated'.'by them, with the lo!s of the flower of the Roman trm y, : 2ed,;;;being dan geroufly nvoanded, .

RAAB< I N B E X.

R, t >;a a b , an important fortrefs.in Hungary, befieged and taken by the Tinks, ■ vIII. ï.7 5 ; Retaken by the Imperlaliftsafter . a deiperate refiftanee, and' a-prodigious booty found there- V in, iSt. RACH IS, being chofe king of the Lombards on thedepoft- tion of Hildebrand, invades the Roman dukedom, and befieges Perugia, but reffcores the places he had taken, on the interpoiltlon of .pope Zachary, v. 4S8. Abdicates the throne, and.-turns-monk, ibid. R A D S T A D T , peace of, which puts a period to adefolating war in Europe, and its terms, ix. 23%. R A G U M B iiR T , duke of Turin, feizes the throne: of Lom bardy, and dying the fame year, is fucceeded-by Aripert his fon, v. 482* RAH AB, a Meabitills harlot, conceals the ilraelitiih fpies, and provides for their efcape, i. 357. Token given her by • them, for the protection of herfeif and family, on the tak ing of the city, ibid. Is accordingly fpared, and becomes a profelyte to the Jewiilv religion, 359. R A O U L "or RODOLPH , fneedier of Charles the Simple, king of France, his great addons, x. 423, A feq. Subdues the count of Vermandois. 424. His death, and excellent qualifications, ibid. R A R IT IE S, Egyptian, i. 57, A feq. ------of the Syrians, 163, A feq. -RAVEN N A, city of, beiiegcd by Bed Anus, but faved by a négociation between Vittges and the emperor, v. 451, 452. Belifarius, being declared emperor of the Goths, is admit ted into it, where he ieizes the royal treaiure, and lecures the king’s perfon, 452. „ ------battle of, between the French and the pope and his allies, gained by Gaiton de Foix, but neverthdefs ruins the French intereft in Italy, x. 235, 236. -R E BELLIO N S in Italy, Germany, and Hungary, vlib 372, 373* , . , „ . RECHABITES a family of the lfraeiites, their abitemicuf- nefs, i. 4 11. note. Of whom iuppofed to be defeended, 412, note. REC H IA RIU S, fon and fucceilor of Rechila, king of toe Sueves, furprifes and pillages the city of Lerida, and after wards reduces the territory of Saragoila ami Castnagena, y. 382. He is defeated by Theodpric, king of the Goths, and taker, and put to death; 3S3. ™ 7n. . RttCxALA j ï N - B- -'£ - X ' ■ -■ RECHILA,;- facceiTor of Emeric, king' of the Sûeves. reduces leverai' places in Spain* v. -382. His death* ibid.. . R E F O R M A T IO N ; ^accountvof: the' fife "of it, .ix,-'-93, ■ f'rogrefs of it in Germany* x. 244.■ - Gains -ground there, 251. ''■ Rife of it in 'England; in: the reign of Henry VIII; 'si. 305. - ■ < - Rh/FU GE, cities òfs. amongft the: Ifraelltesjs.javrs concerning them, I, -2:6i ; .262. REGIO STRTÏC A, defcription of it, v. -246, '247. , - : R E HOB G A M ,. fo n and fuçce.iTo r : of 3 o'omo n,k in g o f, the - . . Ifraelites, his faih conduci, and the revolt of the -Cerrito ries fromhim in -cohfequence of it, i. 4Ò2;-yyHisddolatrbus and f e wicked reign, 403. ■ ',..y. : R E M ISM UN D declared foie,-king of -thè. Sueves on the death of Frumarius, v. ,384. Ravages Luiit arda. and makes him fell : - : maher of all Upper Spain, bur afterwards abandons great part of that: country, and re tire sto G al li eia, -where he -dies, ibid. ■ y^-'y ■? .. > R E N A U D d e G HA T ILEO N, governor of .the, countries for the ;Ghfiflians: beyond'gordany and lord : o f ySidon, 'gives a fignal defeat to Salad in, " a ndp uts hi mto :a p recip it ate and inaih'efuiiflight, vìiif 1.17. ; Forms a project of invading the city;:.anti territory cf Medina, but, is -prevented by Àzzod- ■ din,. -Saladin’s - general, . from executing. his great deitgn,

■ ï iS, i ip. . f , R E U B f.N , one of the. Ifraelitiih tribes,; ■ boundaries of - -its lot, and chîef towns belonging thereto, i . 225. RH -^D A M ISTU S^ifon- of Phafafmenes, and nephew of Mkhridatc-s Iberus, king: of ; Iberia, his treacherous1 con duct to his uncle, whofe dominions he invades,";"iii. 50f. - Si ays the children, of. Mithridates, andufurpsthe drown,, ; ibid, invades Armenia, and is thrice driven from thence by the Pa -.Hans, 502. yy'--\-.v. ■■ ■ -.y R H E G.IU-M-, ■ buiievcd -by.: D i o n y Fu s, wh c gran ts tbe inhab: - tants a rente on their paying him ; 3-0 O' talents; and deliver ing up their Sect to him, See. Ìli, 63. Is again inveided by E)icnyilus, and. being reduced to great diftrefs, furrenders at ciiiVn-Eon to -¡ini, who treats its.. great governor Milo ■ ■; with great inhumanity, 64. RHËMP-HIS,' ■ kum cf EgvDt.RoFv" .of-"the robbery- ;-of his tresfury, i roo. ;y; ■ ■ -y'y ■ RH O D ES, ifi and; of ih e G reeks, its hifrory and different ■ -names',; ih ;.ieq.: .Ancient '.cities; there,; 527';.'vRh- du cod' to -a ■ Roman, pr oc ime eh d ig .' f ■■ ■ b. . : h RHODES;, XcN -D ;E E . RHODES,- .city of^ deierlbed, ii.527, 528/::Surprdrd byArie- rnif:a, 53c. Siege of it by;:Bememus,:fofi abdgeúeral; óí Antigosus, 531, & isq. Taken, and plundered by Caflius, 54*2. ^ - u-... .. BH O DiAN S, - account of them} -their trade, government, Op-preaed by MauibiusV king of Carie, 530. ;SúbiriÍt to Alexander the, . Great, but after his death,drive out the,Macedonian garnibn, and become a free people, 531. Become oneof the moft.refpechBlc itates in. Aha. and clear the feas of pirates at their own charge, ibid.,.. .Conclude a peace with Demetrius, 534. War be twixt them, and the Byzantines, which, is fucceeded by a .. peace, 535, 536. Aflift Attains again if Philip of Macedón, and in conjuncfion with him gains 2 fgnal victory over the .Macedonians, 5 36. Their further nice ches in Greece, conque it of .the.; province of Persa, and defeat .of the Ma cedonians, 537. Protected by.-the Romans, whom they a2iif again if Antioch us, who. de feats their dee t, 538. De feat Hamnibal. by fea, and shut the Romans-in.,gaining, .a viefory over the .Syrian fleet off the iiland of -Tcos, c 33. Are rewarded by the Romans .-with fame of the .conquered ■ countries;; -but npprefs the iLycians, inhabitants of one of them,; who- court the;, patronage of then Romans,. .-539. - Are fufpected by;-the Romans of .favouring Feries, king of ■ Macedón, with. who m. they; n r ;! ength, enter ■ in to n ego ci a- tío ns, 539, 540. They in cents the Roman ten ate again it them, tut. ■ Are reconciled to-the-Romans on the iuterpo- fition oí Cato on. their behalf, but are deprived of . Lycía 2nd Cana, and afterwards renew tneir alliance with. Rome, ibid. Repel the attempt or■ Mithrldates, hut ere reduced by the Romans under Caiflus, 542.' RICH ARD, king of England, engages- in 2 crufsde with Philip Auguries of France, vlh. 100, tor, Conquers Cy prus, andÓchafhfes the ini'olence of its tyrannical fevereign, 163. Proceeds to the liege-of Acca, and-defiroys-a fire- £hip of Suladiifs with, upwards of 600 fea men. on board, 36 4 . Lands, and Freighters the city, which, after Sal 2- .; din rejedled his'propofal to treat, is reduced to. great ex tremity,'165. Dtfagreement between him and Philip, 106. His cruelty to the Modem priibaers, after the. taking of A cc.3, 167. His haughtiness, and infoltnt behaviour to the king of France, who quits him, and returns to Mu rope, ■ x&S^ Marches for jerufuiem, and is emu fed by paladin, but afterwards defeats him ;n 2 great-Mmle, lop. Angagcs Sal ad E11 in ¿ingle combat, and overthrows him and his army, ï K "D -srmyyi7Ó. .Narrowly efcapes being taken prîfoner By thé-- T urks. 1:7 x » - His h egociati on. ; withEalad i ri, and ■ prelimi- ■ \nànes'.:pf^the-ÆF.ea-tyvtheréupeny i 7-2r-: better-from.-the-Qld Man. ot .the...mountain, -exculpating him from the .murder ■ of,ihevumarq.nis;.;of ■ .hÆontisrrâ'tj' r 75. His.: o.wn- journal,of his p roceedin g s a iter : the fe par a ttonof: toe kin g of Fra nee from , him,: .17.6. His diiHcukies 'andmanagement^ ibid. Takes ;Darun, and befieges Joppa, - which he is obliged to- quit, 177» Defeats rtheMoflem:pilgrims, and makes prize of their convoy, 178. His motives for refolving: to: attack - Bagdad rather than Jerúfalem, 1 78. 179- Renews his né gociations for a peace,1 170. ; ■ Relieves Joppa,-by amazing ads of courage, 180. Kills one of Ssladm’s generals in a combat, 18 1. Repulfes the barbarians, in- which attack being greatly diftreifed, he is relieved by a generous action of one of SaladiTs generals, 382. Concludes a truce with the Turks, and its terms, 182, 183. His magnanimity^ and polite and noble reply of Baladin'to--him, 183. KefleXions on his great fpirlt and magnificence, 184, x8i. * Leaves the ■Holy Land, 186. R lG H L lE U , minifter of Lewis X III. his - treachery to the- Orange Family, ix. 365. CharaXer of him, -on hisbecom- ing hr ft minifter of France, xi. 463, His conduX, parti cularly towards the earl o f Buckingham, and their impla cable hatred to each other, ibid. Friend fhip of Lewis^for him. 475. His eonduX, after the execution .of the duke ■ of Montmorenci, and favour of Lewis towards him, 481. His difficulties and embarraffed fttuation, 486. His diftrefs, and narrow efcape from aftaftination, 487. His danger from father Cauffi-n, the king’s confeifor, 489. His négo ciation with England, wherein he is oppofed by Charles IX. 490. Inftance of his treachery, 492. Conspiracy againft him, 493,. 494. His arbitrary behaviour occaftons a ftili more dangerous confederacy againft him by Cinque Mars and others, 496, 497. Brings the ccnfpirators to capital puniíhments, and his pompous triumph thereupon, 499. His death, and odious charaXer, 500. RTEN ZQ , a Roman tribune in the pontificate of pope Cle- ment, his defporic power, and inveteracy againft the pope, x. 143. Ruins his affairs by a ridiculous ceremony, and is afterwards Her;ficed to the refentment of the Roman nobi lity at Avignon, 146. R IP E R D A , the Span till minifter, his áifgracc, and apparent caufes of it. xlri 303. ROBERT, r..N R O B E R T . fécond ..and- Æecefibr;; of : Peter .emperor; :of : ; Gonftantinople, Lis -troops;defeaced by John the' Greek ' emperor,T, 194,.. His..death, ibid. ’ —-—:— count palatine ; cf > the■Rhine, emperorof Ger- ■ " many, his difncukies on his acceiftoru ix. 47. His ciRrace- ; ful ;expedition; to Italy, 4S. Confederacy agaioft him. iby " the pope and eccieiiafiical electors, ibid.- His death-,■ xSiie, and character, 49, 5c. —------——' fon of Hugh jCape:, is -aiTodated .with -hisfather in,, the government of France, x. 434. Succeeds to the crown on the-. death: ofthis father, and is crueilv and or.juftly . perfecuted on account, oi his marriage , with Bertha, whom, he is obliged to divorce, after tuftering the then dreadful confequenees of a papal excommunication, 436. Unhappy , in his fécond marriage with Conftanee, daughter o f W jl- liam count of Arles, a woman of. a furious and ungovern able paüion and ambition, 43b. AiTociates his eldeft foh with him in the.;government^, who is afterwards, driven from court, by his imperious mother, 437, 43S. Refufes the crown of Itaiy, : and endears himfelf. 10. his iubjects by his .moderation,:. 438. . Accommodarioiv between, him and his ions, -who are perfecuted by the queen, 439. ' His.:death,, and. character, ibxdv, , R O C H E L LE , ikge of it. undertaken by, the- French, and faintly relieved by queen Elizabeth.,, xi. 364. Its advanta geous, capitulation, 365. Proceedings .of the aiTembly : there'' in defence of the proteftant religion,. 456. Ruin of it refolved on by Richlieu, and attempted to-be-relieved- by Buckingham, 466, 467. Siege of it, and hrm -rcfolution of. its inhabitants, 469. Infincere conduel of Charles IL Gf England towards them, 470. Progreis of the fiege of it, 471- Its furrender, 472. RO C FIFO R X , a mari ti meport of F ran ce, u n tuceekfui ex - pediticn againil it by the Enghfn under Sir John Mordaunt, &c. xii. 97. 9S. ^ RG H O A LD , king of the. .Lombards, fucceeds his .father Ro- tharis, and is killed In the fécond year of. his reign by one of his iubjects, whole wife he had debauched, v. 477. ROOOLPH of Hapiburg, hr ft emperor of the houfe. of Au- ft ri a, elected to that dignity by means of pope Gregory X . ix. 1. His great iltccefs in retioring peace to the em pire, 2. Receives the homage of Qtrocar, king of Bohe mia, who, being upbraided, by his haughty wife for. his mean nefs, and refeimg to adhere to the terms agreed on, iî killed bv him in battle, 3. HE accommodation with the pope. , pope, 4 *' H'k tranfaftions -in Italy, and- marriage-, o f’ ftis . daughter Judith" to Wen ceflaus' king of Bohemia,' 5 ■ 1' His fiicéefs: agaihit- G)tho; duke: ef Burgundy, and. becomes for- - : mid able in the empire, 6. '■ His death, and character, 6 ,7 .. R O G E R , an European' foldier of 'fortune, being - invited- bv, tEe emperof AndroBiCiis to. his defence agarnft-the'Turks, ; bis troops behave with great cruelty and oppreffion, via. 48. Defeats .the. Turks, .49. His oppreilveccrueky, and y . . ..Reathy ibid.- .. LT ■ 11, dulceof April k, and nephew of the great count : -Rogef :6f^^'SiciIy, íiiccdeás him in the government,-'and Ob- ; tains; the title of king from pope Anaciste, x. 63c Rehel- lions agai nil him by t h e Ben even tin es a n d others, which he -ToppreiTes, ibid. Obtains f; v er al v a. IuabIe p rl vil ege sf r g m pope Juíiüs II. and red uce5 Tripol 1,- and .other' Hate's on \ the coaii of Africa, 64. His death, ibid. ■ ;A . . RO M AN L A DIE S , their w ieked: agreement ío" poi fon their hu iba n ds, and puniSimen t on the d'.fcovery of it, iv. 2.66. ROM AN'S, their alliance with the Jew s, 1. 469. 473. Plun- ■ der the treamry . and temple,: 504.; gEnter; Judea; under . l^eipafian, 541. ..Take.and' burn the city and-.temple, 548, :. 549.:■ ■ Their hiftory,..from--’ the reign o f; Auguft Us to that , of Conits n tine, iv. 307, A feq. :Become one people with fhe Sabines, 46. Their war with them, 5 6 ,: &'fec. - -De feat the Sabines In fevefal engagementsy^y-—57..: 73, 74. 1 Their territory invaded by the Hetrurlans, whomxhby over come with great lofs to themfdves, i o i . Are defeated * - by the V eienteswho are overcome ;by - Mamercu s iEmi- 'liiis, í 27. Battle: between them and the Volfci, 12S. A De feated by the /Equi, who are conquered; b y. Qr ServiHus, 1 3c, Are routed before Veli in Italy,; through the dis agreement of their c o m m a n d e r s, : 13 3. O ve rc o meb y t h e Hetrunans, whom they afterwards;defeat, .'with: the Falifci and Capenates, ibid:. "Take Veil after a liege of ten years, 134. Are defeated by .the Gauls, and obliged to abandon. their city, 137. Are reduced to great diiirefs in the capí tol by the Gauls, but fDon. after give them a total over throw, 140, 141. Engage’the Volfci, by whom they arc at nr ft repulfed, but afterwards defeat, 146. Defeated by th e Hern ici, wh o are con que red by' Ap pi us Ciauci ius, : 153. Their victories over the Gauls, Ac. 158, 159. - Declare war againit the Samnites, w hem th ey d e fe a t ,i ó o , i 61. Defeat the Latins in feveral battles, 164,: 165. Gain a complete victory over the Samnites,;&c.. 168. 170. Their army hemmed, in by them, and obliged to oafs under; the- ^ I N Ü . E 7 X : _ yoke, i t o—ï 72, Defeated -by Fyrrh us, king of = Epi rui* : Ir.frances of mutual. generality between - them; and '.... that monarch., .178, 179 . They, give him a total over-A throw, i So,... See Py rrh ü s; : Apply them! elves .to fea af- .... fairs, 183. Jnvade.Sard ini a and Ccrfica, and,. defeat tbs Carthaginians,' 184* . Invade. Africa, and defeat,the Catch a- ; ...... ginian Seet thrice in.one Gay,,ibid. Their neet; defeated, and : wrecked .oft -the coaih of Sicily, 185. . Gain a victory over ' ; t'he Carthagln.ians' £t fea, and :,oKiige .theîn to conc}-ude a ' peace,-187. GyerthroW: the Gauls In two engagements, 1 go . Their "fécond war with the Carthaginians under Hannibal, 19r,& leq. . See HAttNib a n. ; Beiicge and take Syracufe, ' '...and become mailers of ,Sicily, 105, 196. Genercufly re- ' ilote liberty to-Greece, 200. Declare war again ft Antio ch us, king of Syria, whom they totally dcfeat, 2 0 0 ,2CI. Take and■ ceilroy Carthage, no6. , Thekhiftory,. from ihe ■ ' defiruclion c-t Carthage to the battle cf A cl: cm, when ■ ' the . Romsnrepub lie w asc hanged .int oa mon arch y, 207, A ie q . Their war wdth Mithxidates,, -king of Pontes, 216,: Sc feq. See : M i t h H-IDAt e s * Defeat, and - fubdue the Gauls, v. .. -303, 5c feq. Defeat;.the Goths:imder.Cniva, who at length gain great advantages over them, 39 9 ,. Attempt to re ft ore :th é -^ 23.-27-., RO CI AN 17 S, 1 crowned, emperor at C c niton tin ople, v. 152. . Makes ,peace. with the Bulgarians, 153. . Is depofed, by ■ his ion Stephen, who confines - him to ,a moaaifery, ibid. ,.. ------f . ; ----- H. fu cceifor of "Confiant ine, fucceeds.;; to- the . empire,, v. i 65. Is defeated by the Saracens, and aftcrwards o ppreiTe s h is fab] eel s ;. àt I ength. applies h i miel f to ,wc rxs ' of piety, and is murdered by his lewd wife Zoo, ibid. ______D IO G EN ES, fucceiior of the emperor Con fiant! ne, bis .fuccelles againit the Turks, v. 17 3..: - Rejects the fuîtanks propofai. for. peace, and Is taken pnibner by him, but let at liberty, ibid. .His death,. .1.7.4. RO M E, city of,-burnt, iv. 394^ / Rebmltoby Nero, 395. PIuncered and burnt by the: Gauls, v. 302. Revolutions ' there, x- 36. 44. 13 1. Sacked by the- army of the- can- ‘fiab'Ie bf Bourbon,,248.1 RO SAM U N D , her accomplice in the. murder of her former huiband Alboinus, king of the Lombards, being driven from the kingdom, is, obliged to fiy to Longinus, the ex arch at Ravenna, v. 46S.' Endeavouring to poifon her new hufband, in order to*marry Longinus, he uifeovers her be- fign after having ¿rank half the cup, and obliges her to take the refi, which puts attend to both their ■ D.- £> X. R Q S BAC H 5. battle- ofj gained' by - the .king cf PrufEi', xii. pgb ■ See Prussia. ■ : ■ R Q T H A R 15 , - king o f: the Lombard 3, gives' written ■ laws - - td ■ 'his fubjefts,-vv 476,: .'/Extends, the-con-quefh of the .Loin-- - - ’ bards-, and defeats the: exarch, ibid.-- - Rís'death,-47.7.. R O X A N A , and her fon Alexander, put. to" death-.by Gafian«-. der, iii, 329.- R O X O L AÑíAN&i/a;people,anciently -mkabking the W cflem - :- ' - fide of the Palus Masotis, defeat'two Roman cohorts- in Media, and-: pillage- par t: of the .province, : v,.:.:422.' : Are ai- / ' mofi; all" :cut: :OÍF;the Xmer y-eariby a ;Roman>legLans, and their auxiliaries,1ibid> R U S S IA ,: war with-it,- the: Porte, and G erm an y,viii.3329 ' ■■■■■;&.-fdq> ;:Rsydution::there,:ix. 29;r.: :EiS:oryiof thatcoim-; -try^ xii. 56 g,'5 tTeq. ^ ^ RXSSIAN S, un fucceisful war againft them by the Turks, ; viiX - 235. -Take OczakowXom.-the.Xnrks5 333^/'-: : RET TH , opinion s concernmg.:.the hiftoryof her, L 373. note»-: R-YSW ICK , treaty oh ÍXI203. xii. 47.

S. O A R AT A ISE V I,- - a Jewifh impollor at Confiantmoplegin - ^ vthe reign o f Mohammed - IV . who pretended to be the MeíTiah, biflory of him, viii. 220— 222. Turns Mahome tan, to avoid being impaled alive, 222. S ADD UC E E S,; the it rife, :an d; corruption of - the ■ d o¿£ riñes o f : their chief,-ir 444; Pe'rfecuted by the Pharifees, 478.:;: SAIN- SE FI, gr a n d fo n 2 n d fu cc efior of Abbas, ihah of Perfiay his unparalleled cruelty, viii- 14. P u ts his uncle, and his thres' Tons to death , on which Accahon he behaves in an infulting and aggravating manner, '' ibid. Confpiracy -agamí!: him detected and puniihed, and" inhumanly puts- to death" with • his own hand Zeyhef a faithful iervant, who difcovered it, 1 5. :Farther inltances of his exceffive cruelty,: ibid. Sig nal pro of. of his perfonal coo rage - at the taking of Erivan, 16. ; He is pollened by the ladies of'his harans,; l>ut ';recovering, buries forty of them;, with his: own mother,- alive - ' he alfo murders his chief nobility,.; arid kills hi a queeh, in a-fit of drunkennefs, ibid. Hisdeath, worthiefs characfer, and his excufe to the Europeans- for his horrid cruelties^ ■ 17 . ■ S AIN T C AS, defeat o fth e - E nglilH th ere by. the duke d’Ai- guillon’s forces, xii. J ° 3- . ÁÍ':V,.A:. É i SA IN T L E W IS, king of France, 'reí a ti on of his c rufade to the Ho]y Land, vii.. 252,, & feq. ; His '■ condu£t blame- ' 6 ' ' " "'' ' able I N- D E* X - '• ?ib*c by his pernicious fiayjn Cyprus, 253.. -Receives a - friendly and pompous ernbaity from:.' Cay uc Khan, .a -Tar* , tar: prj nee,, and: bravely -.attacks .and -takes-: Damiata, ibid - ... -His behaviour weak and fantaitical, and his delay- by at tending ridiculous, religious procemons,. dce. ínexeufable, . 255. Strength of his army ..on: -his arrival, at Cairo, ;and : his miicbnduci there, ibid- Takes A 1 Manfurah, where ' ■; die. expofes-his army and: hknfelf to great.danger, .25 6; Bad : .condition, and ruin of his army by the cuctir.g off his fup- . ,.plies fand; provifions,. ;&c. -gyy. ^..Infoient demand. pK the. . ■ .Egyptians^ - who-take .-him-.,;.and Bis. aroiy. .prifoherSj,, 257, 258. Rough treatment, of:Aim by the Infidels, 258. . Makes. pe2ce.with ::the iultan Moadhdhem, and the terms ■ o f it, 058, 259.i . I nuances of h*s.- .courage .and- conilaney,- .:2.6o..-Kee'HEwis IX; S A L A S X N ,u famous ■ and .-indspenden t■ Egyptian prince, his ' riféjwii.:.94k Is made visir of Egypt on the death of his uncle Shairacu, and arrives to iovereign power ;in Egypt, 98. His y.eal for Mahometan!ftp,■;and., enmity to Chriftiani cy, i bid * Ufurps the mona rchy of Egypt,. a nd raí fes the-.- liege of D ami ata, 99;. W at..- between him. and . the Chriftians, í 02. Hi s libe ral ityt o X ur ed d in, 1 eg.. . Rc-f.eclior.s on. his characler, his .danger,rand: vail: fucceifes, ic6. He is re- ' pelled from Aleppo by Saleh, a youth o? tender years, -and. ion o f; N life dd in, 1 cy. - ©efeats a confederacy a gain ft hi in,. 108. Is wounded, by .three alia fins, i.b id,. S ubd ues Saleh, and humbles the Ifiamices, 109, : His regulations, ibid. Receives a fignal defeat from the Chriftians under Renaud, ,X.iy.. His fuperiHdon, 121. Raifts the fiegc of Aleppo, ibid. , And Mawfel, 122. His. barbarity, to the Chriftian?, and; his Tucceftiul prog refs accounted for, ibid. .Takes Alep po by capitulation, 124, : Examination of his intrigues with Raymond, 128. Defcription of his army, which, comes to a reiolution to raife the fiege of Tiberias, ibid. His cruelty towards the Chriitians, 129. Gains the battle of Hittio, 130, rgl. MaiTacres the Chriftian -captives, - and cuts oft the brave Renaud;S head with his own hand, . .431. -. Great progrefs of his army 133:. Takes J erufalem, 135.. His gencroftry to the captives iuppofed to be owing to the partial account of Chriftian writers, ibid. His trium phant entry into Jerusalem, and: eftab.hih.ment of Mcficai- Ifm: there, i 36. His great cor-puefts, 1 39- hduuny of his troops, being clamorous for repofe,. ibid. His excellent - choice of fubftitutes,. 1 4O- Curious- letter or Ifaac rv,nge- lusv -the Greek emperor, to him, T47. HTeata me Cbnf- O 2 ti=hsa r N- D E X. „■ tians, through - their avarice, 15 54 - T h e Chriftiarisf being : a read y d tit relied '■ by' fami n e, _ m alee a defperate 'but fr uitlefs ■ ■ attack cn nis campy 157*. His.' repulfe' before - Aeon, -and '. : -narrow- efcape,-ii5g. - Difowns the-capitulation of Acca, which fur re riders to -Richard.of England, i'66." -Is'defeated by Richard, ■' 169.; Haraifes-' the - Chriftiaris,- '17.1. ■ .He is dt fee ted by Ri c hard, wi th who nx he concludes a truce for 1 b r e e ye a r s -a n d three months, v I 82, iS g v .tB e e R lc H AR D. ■ -H 1st reaty wi chthec aliil Ade 1, 18-7. ;In il a h ee of his g-r.eat : fpler.dor, and extraordinary -honours :paid hi'm, 188cr v His death, ibid. Behaviour on his dcath-hed, with refpedt to ■ the fu.c-ceflion,' 089', - His character, ibid." ' - -' S A L E li, fon of -Nureddin, repels - Saladin, but' Isa iter wards- ■ fubdued by him, v.ii. 107,- xcS.-' See S a l a d in -. A- . S ALO M E, fiiier of Herod, ; her h atred to Mariamnc, i. 491. Procures her death, 493. See Herod, and 'M ariamnew SA:M:ARIA,.i city of,;Hefieged, taken, and dernolifhed.-by Hyr- can, i. 473, 474. - - S A M A R iT A N S, caufe? of the m.utual; hatred between- Ahern and the Jews, i. 421. c- 'Ehe building ofthe temple ob- Rructed by them, and why, 432. Obliged by Darius to ’ con tribute towards the rebuilding of it, 434;- Makev Si- chcm their metropolis, 442. ‘ An account of their tenets, .44^5 4-43'f. ■■ . O' 4 ■' S AM A R K ANDons of the :chief cities of the-. Eafr, and ■ -cspital of ■ Bokharia, ac co u n: of it, and its, vail importance, vii. 296. Taken by Jenghiz "Khan with great {laughter, ■ 297. ' SAMOS, the iiland of, hiiiory of it; ii. 556, & feq. A c count of its fituation, metropolis, and fertility, 556, 557. Its iirit inhabitants, their government, and hiitory, 557, &. - feq. Several - revolutions in it, and its final redudtion by the Romans, 563. . - ■ SA M SO N ; i udg e . o f - the Ifraelites,; hiftorv of his: exploits * againit the Philiirines, i. 132—-154.' 372. i &AMSAMAD AW LA , acknowledged fucceffor to Adadodawia the cal iff, and fovereign of Syria and other Eaftern coun- ■ trie-s, v 1. 480. His right difputed by Sharfodawla,fecond- fon of Adadodawia, and fovereign- of Earman in iPeriia, who defeats, and takes bitri prifoner, 481. ■ SA M U EL, a prophet and judge of Ifrael, account:vof -his- t ran fa cl ions, i. 373, & feq. Procures-a fignal: and’ miracu lous defeat of the PhiIiftines- by brs facrifree and>prayers, 375. His death, 382. See D atxd, and Sa u l. 3. - SAMUEL, ,SA/^ÌUi^Li;-kì^g-:of ^tl 3é-.--.Bulg2^ 2n's,..rav%e5-- ■ vinces, v.': 4 34- ' He; makes? himfeiffmaibèir -of ' Theflalonics, ' ■ "Sceot; a.andA £ti cs ,::£nd:p£netrate3 in to the Pelóponnefv. ber ■ as defeated wi:hgrearLanghte'r. hy khó Romane, snd narrowìv- ' - e ! cape sb ein'gm ado prifoncr by them. 435. --Dies..- of grit: ■ .-'far;'ihe cruel: ■■ treatmeni.\ of his fubjects ■ taken;.. prifeners by ' - the Domans,;ibiu.- - - R ■■;■■■■ ; SANCHO, king of C.rftile, and fon of Ferdinand kin^ of Leon and' Cal: 1 ie, quarrels wkh ■■ ,K i s bro :k e- ' A ionio, ici n o- ■ of Leoo and Qvieca, and dethrones him, 'xil. >62, •Sup- ' pofed to have been killed the fiegc of Zamora, ¡63. ■ SAN JA R , .broth er of the A rabek Zenki. an d - ¡orerei g.n 0 f Ho - rafa-n and Kowaraearn, rebellion aoainlt him bv his <;ovcr- - nor Atilz, ■ who attempts to murder him by aniinnadoiK vii. 78. : invades^ Kafakatay,iwhere-he'is-int! rely: defeated;'and taken prifoner, but efcap.es, ■ 70—8 1. ■ Uncertainty of his biftoryt, 81, His death, ibid. o : \ SARACENS,t in the'year.- 633, defeat the Romms, and re duce Avera’ Eaifern provinces, "V. 125. Conquer Egypt;, and Syria, and make themicivcs m.alters of Antioch; and J ertifalem, ibid. Conquer Africa and Rhodes, ju6. Make peace with the Romans, after-hav log- dcreated their army comm 3tided ;by Con Ran s, ibid.-.. BeilegeConitant ; nop: e' with great lob, and arc defeated in Syria by the emperor’s f!e;u- ten ants, i 27. Are again : u n fu cce is fui in the il eg e of Con- nan: inopie, -1 31. Their beet alrnoft totaliy dcEroyed by the Romans, 13,3. Conquer the iiland of Crete, (4... Make th ernie Ives mailers of Sicily,, by means of Euphe- mius, a powerful ■ oiH.ce r in the Roman : army, ibid.. $uf- tain a great overthrow from the emperor Theophilus, but afterwards invade Cappadocia, and defeat the emperor,; 144, 245. Defeat.the. emperor Michael’s troops,., and are after wards themfelves furprifed and their whole army cutoif, by Pctronius, the emperor’s brother, 146. A re overcome with great daughter by the emperor Bchlius’s Trees, 148. Continue to ¿ifmemher the empire in the reign of Leo, 150. Invade the empire with various fuccefs, 134. The ifland of Crete recovered from them by Nicephoros Phocas, and are defeated in the Eail by his brother Lee, 155. Defeat' the Romans; in Sìciiy, who gam; .great advantages over them in Other parts, 156. ■ A great army of them ruined by the Remans before Antioch, 157* Deteat the; emperor Roman us IL but their whole army intirely dehroyed by lylaniaces., one of bis governors, 165. Their progreDm Xtaly in S? I ? where they , are defeated by the emperor Lewis, x. 14s IS* - Intimidate, the pope,-,'who“' at ■ -length with big... confederates,:1 defeats, their fieetj-.i.jj. iB..' SARDANAP.Atr.USj-.the Iaft of.the Affy ri a n1 m onar ch s ,-ihis difTolute and lafoivious, character/ii.- ii, 12.- His vices ren- . dering him. odious and contemptible: to. his fubjedts, the .■. Medes, -Babylonians, and Fenians revolt from him', 12.. ■ His army is defeated, and h'e being'beileged' indui-s capital, burns ■ h irn fe 1 f, 10gether.vrith his eunuchs, 'concubmesy ;ahd; ttea- -fur.e,-by a-pile of-wood in liis palace, ibid. SARM AT IA N S .--and Roxolans,: invading.: Illyricum, are defeated by: Adrian,,: iv. 475. v. 422. ■; T*heir- hlftory, v. 421—425- :Their: terricoryy and different tribes,:421.- : Join/: the Msrcomaris . again ft :M . Aurelius-; but thdr-eonfe- ■ derates abandoning thero, they at lengtft fuc for and ob- - tain peace, 422. T h eir' d i zFer ent ; /inch riloxi swith .-their.:- neighbouring- allies, into the empire, 42 j. Are defeated ■by Ccnftantine the Great, who lays - wafte their country, and: carries back . w ith; him many captives, 4 2 4 - .They-are ' .'¡driven out:of .their native conntry;;by-the 1 r -ilaves, :and■ re- irored hyConftantius, but -c ontin u e. their ravages-- i n the empire, 424,. 425. SA U L, the fen. of :Kith,■ elected the drift king of - the Ifrae- : kites, i. 375- Proclaimed and anointed by Samuel. .376; Is rejected for difobedlence to the 'divine; command,.379. - His■■ ■ . perfecution /of ■ David, who behaves with generciitv to- ■ wards him, 379. & feq. H Is/cr uel maiiacre: of the prieixs an d: i n nab i tan is of Nob , 3 So, 3S1. ■ ;B cin g: for taken of God, ■ he applies to the witch of Bndor, and: is terrified at the de.- ■ -nunciation of the apparition againft him, 383. He is de feated-and ilain, with his fons, 384.; /See D a v in, and Sa - ■ t i t i - L . ■■ '/-■ ■ ‘-.-if '-/./ft 4 ■An:G.'ft'ft--ft.yA.,Cftft; : SAXE-UvEXMAR, duke :of,/-and general of the S wed lift . : arnnes after the death of Gu fta-v us, - drives the Xtnperialiils ..out. of, Saxony, ixu 163. :He :is fupporred by ;Rich]!ea, and favoured by Oxenfdern the Bwedlih/.miniiher,-16 4 ..ft His .. great fuccefs in ft Franc0n:a and;-Saabia, ibid. Hisdeath, 1 u ¡"peered . to be poifoned by the French, rya. . '/■-.- ;.■,; SAXO N S, revolt, from, the emperor Charles tbelGreaff -and: ■ attack his. dominions, but are defeated, and many of them butchered and mace /captive; by / him, viii. 356. / Recover . lireburg, andbeflege Sigebourg, but are again fubd ued by. him, 357 .//■ /Feu r/t h Oufan d five bund red; o fth em butchered : in cold blood by the emperor, 359* Are: completely de-- Jeated by him, with great daughter, 36c. ©ver-funTqrrieof. , the £ roper or4 dcmlnions, and w2 ge war with him for eight years. 1 N D E" x; ,/;:Fears3 ;3°3* ■■ defeat his aimies, and; are at - length: fubehed by him, 364. SGa NDI.N.A'VTA, the country. of the Goths, end trades where of it was .cdrripnfed5-v.' 34.5. Various names givenit by autfaors, andw faliely imagined- by the ancients to be ait itland, ibid. SCHISM*: beginning of the great one in ■ the--'%~e%' ;tn.'the reign of the emperor Wenceilaus, occasioned by the conten tion between the. haughty .and. berce . popc Urban VI.land his competitor Clement V iii. iXv.gg. lowers'.engaged; in. '.' 'it, and its fatal eSeSs to Chrifiendcm, ibid.. ■ S G iP IO A F R IC ANUS, the. Roman,general, gains; a victorv in Spain oyertheCar thaginians.u rider the command of Mayo ana Afcrubal, Hi. 225. . SuppfelTes.a. rebellion in Spain, and defeats, the authors of it, 226.' Takcs Locri, and land sin Africa, 227. . Routs Syphax and Adivubiu, and throws the Carthaginians into ,great c0nilsrn'ation, 228. The Cartha ginian s fue to him for peace, and the terms- o f it, 229. Conference: between him and-Hannibal, 230. Defeats Han nibal at Zatna, ana propofes conditions ,of, peace to. the Carthaginians, ibid. Concludes .a treaty with them, 222. Another conference .betayeen::him an.d.;Han.n.ibal, 274, 235. Is majiciotifly ' 2ecu fed py the.:1ribunes of ccfr.ludinr ihe treaiury, ana, by an undaunted fpeech to the rieople, h- lences his acc-ufers, and excites, their admiration, iv. 202. His death in the fame year with that of Hannibal.. bee H a k st iba l. ' S CO T L A N D, rebel 1 i c n railed there by th e. y o.u ng. Preten.de r„ in the reign of George II. king o f; Great Britain, which ?.$ quelled by his foil: the duke or Cumberland, xii. S3—85. .. S C O T S, refuie to ad in it.pope Gregory's legate cardinal Guio into their country, who being threatened by their king, re turns to London, x. 97. a.,---- -— young queen of, married .to the dauphin-.of France, fon of Henry5-ML in the. presence of eigb:. commiflioncrs, four cf whom are Fid to have been poifoned for. oppohng the matrimonial.. crown being given to the dauphin,, xi. 337* S C Y T H IA , whence 10 called, iii. 475. Its wit extent, 475, 476. Rings of it, accordmg to the nioib celebrated ...au thors, 486, & feq. . SC.YTH1 AhiS, ancient hhtory cf them, iil. 47:5,. ¿c ■ ieq. Their government:, character, laws, and religion, 477“ ■ 479. Their contracts, valour, and barbarous cu-iioms, 480, * ¿ S i. Remarkable for their fai thin hie is and friend ill ip,, as O 4 aho i- n ,.:b v .e , , x .. alfo for revenge and reientment,48i. O f their ■ popuiouf- : AeEy ib uk : Their manufactures, obfcuritv of cheir lan guage, and- its various dialects, 402. Agriculture-neglected by them, from their roaming difpofition, ibid. ’ Their ibep- herds and "martial- men, .polygamy,. and their manner of life' with1,reiperit to womea, -&e. 483. Hhtory'-offtheir kings, 480, & feq. E . : SEB ASTiA N ’,, king of Portugal, 'and fucceifor of John I lf . kilied in Africa, xih 248. Further account of his unfortu nate expedition and defeat there, 35c, 351. , R EFIfll.- fucceilor of Abbas IE PHah of Periia,: ; is inaugurated a fécond time by contrivance of the fuperiïitious aiïrologers, in oraer to. avert calamities î ha t a in : cie d that e rnpir e,v i ii. 19. His death, and charaS er,,ibid:. S E j ANUS, a .bold, afpiring, and crafty Rom an .knight,- his rifei iv, 347. Debauehes Ei v ja, the ' Wife of Dru fus, ..and caufes her huiband to be poifoned, ibid. ' Afks young Tivia in marriage, and obtains an evauve anfwer from Tiberius, 349. Acting in a n:arbitrary manher as prime miniirer, he endeavours to enflave the empe:or, ■ arid obtain .the fovereig n power, gaining great afeeridenty over him, 35c. Has. .great honours decreed him by the fen ate, which excites1 the jez- loufy and fdfpiciori of Tiberius, 353, 354. His extrême arrogance caufes his credit to diminiih, 354. He is arrelied by order o f the emperor, and condemned and executed - the ihme day, 355. " ; ^ . 1 . . . SE LE M , called alfo Jehan Ghir, -emperor of the Moguls, vii. 467, & feq. See J eh an G bxr. SELEU CID Æ in Syria, htifory of them, to the reduDion of their dominions by th e Rom an s, i i i. 369, & Peep SELEU CÜ S, governor of Babylon, and friend of Eumenes, having been attempted to be feized by Antigenus, forms a confederacy with Ptolemy1 and others againli him, iii. 3.27. Recovers the province of .Babylon,- where he endears himielf to the inhabitants by the lenity of his government, 32$» Antigen us fends his fon Demetrius againE hiEri, who takes the city, and plunders the province of Babylon, 329. Marries the daughter of Demetrius, after the death of' An- tigonus, 332. Obliges Demetrius to furrender himfelf a prifoner to him, .and provides liberally for his maintenance in hts captivity, 335. Reduces moft of LyfimachusT - do minions in Aha, totally defeats him in Phrygia,- arid;.-af in mes the title of king of Macedcn, 348. He is hafeJy ailaf- finated by Ptolemy Çeraunus5 whom he had befriended, ■ I N D- e x ; an-d is Succeeded by him In the kingdom of Macedbn, -gqiS»- ; : :See-alio 369— 374, SELEtTCU S- 1C AL LIN ÏC U S, Xucceffbr -:of Antiochhs, The- os:In the empire of Aha,: ih twice defeated .by Ptolemy--Eqer- . gates, who. c on du des : a .p e ace ’ w tt h. hi oi,iii .377. -.Marches.:.. againfb" h I s'-. b rothe r-An tio c bus, who.ff cheats him, ibid. He is : overthrown and taken prI foher by Arlaces, kmg of Par-. ■ thin, 378. His death, ibid. S E L JU K S , remaikabie'"war,:.between whem: and the: Greeks^ vii. 34-3, & feq. . . S EM JRAM IS, ' queen, and : afterwards ; foie fove r e i gri >0f ,A P fyria, reduces Bactria by her ex tr ao r d in-ary hr a very ,1 Ay . : Marries: N In us, and after his death, which feedsfuppofed' : to'have been: the occahon of, airames, the government,-.;and builds Babylon'in ;a magnificent manner, and at an' incre dible exper.ee, 7, 8. Her other wo rks, and progreffes thro ugh. - the empire, 8, 9. . Her-luit: and cruelty,;^^ ; -Hergreat pfe-c parutions for the invahon of India, and. counterfeit elephants : con triv e d b y her for tha t expedition ,9 , ï o, - Is ro u ted wit h great ilaughter by; the Indians, and :her:felf wo.uhded, but neverthelefs caiifes man y ' of th e-m to. be dr ow, ne din t h e pur- fait, 16. Dlife-rent ricccunrs of her deatb,.. Ic, r r. .■ ->i SEN EG A , the celeb’ rated Ro rr. an ph ilofopher, fp eech : pro - nounced by Nero at the: funeral of Claudius, compofed by ' h ; m j d v, 3 8 2 .’ .Labours: to * re (Irai n ; the ■ rage and a mb i; tio n of Agrippina, 383. Promotes - a profecution ; again ft :P. ’ Sullies and others, and is bitterly inveighed againii and re proached by him to the prejudice of his reputation,.''3.86. ■ Js faid to hâve prevented.Nero from, committing . the crime ..of in ceil with his mother Agrippina, 388. Conients to., the inhuman murder of that vprincefs, and propofes a method for effecting it, 389. ■\:He; is;attacked'l,iiiN^ cufed: by the wicked counfeliors about the court, ;.from;whi.eh he ' retires,. 39 2. lis accu fed by Natalis of being engaged In Pifo’s con ¡piracy, 39.7. His death, and that of . his wife, by opening their veins, 398, 399. I S E N N A C H E R IB , king of AiTyna,. areadfu. 1.flau g H ter - o fh is army bylan. angel,lif. 422.: Affaiiiiiated by Hs ions, ibid.,: 5 E P X Ü AGIN T s verhon 1 fuppofed. to h ave been written in the' reign of Ptolemy .PhUadelphus, i. 444. - See P tolem y . j. 1. .’ .. 1 ■ S ER G IÜ S, ’ fu cceffor of pop e Gregory, repri raandedbv ’the emperor Lewis for procuring kisvélècLiori- withput hf^ CGÛ_. fenbind cdncurrencq^ xi 12.. I ' N - D - E -> X ;: ■■■■■: ■ SERINI, count de., and governor of Sigeth, touts, tftd Turks with; great ilaughter,.and takes: their convoy,. viii.x^b» -His ■ gallant ■ defense of that place-,; and-; noble teftihiohy of the - Turkife" vizir-concerning him, 156, 157» F ufther. account - .of his. actions. again if-the Turks in Hungary, 217. f&ES-QSTRISy king- of Egypt, his projects and warlike. at- - chi&veménts, I ;'95, U feq.-; H is: ihipeadous works, .and .death,.97, 98. .... ■ SETH, fon of Adam,- -ais birth? and opinions concef ning-him, .L-xi, I2t ..Begeneracy:..oF:his:p;ofterity,.i3., .. ■ SEVERUS,. SEPTIM KJS,, fa!uted emperor by thé' Roman arm}'in Illyricunv.iv. 512. ïs declared a public enemy . by ■ 'the fen ate " at the infrance, of JuHaiius the 'then emperor, -1-"whoi orders ; him' to be fbperfeded In his command: By . V . Cfatuliaus, hut nevértheiefsi advances towards Rome, ibid. - Is - declared emperor, and julianus put to death,.. 513.- Dif-. ■ ' bands the : p rætorian: guards, and? : enters’ Rome, 514 . Is fufpedted of falfehood anddiifimulauon by " the ;difcerning ; part of tfae fenators, ; .515. Hi's extraâîbn and preferments ; ’ reformation of abufcs in the city,- and choice of new guards, ibid. ■ Sets out agaiaft Nigerj : who is defeated -and iiain by his army, 516. .Takes; land deftroys the city b f Byzan - : tiu m, and ord ers th e - wife-; and eh il d ren of Niger - to be p u t to deathjf ÿiô, 517. Sends '.aÜaiTms' to murder.Aibinus, ; who Is declared emperor in Britain, and paffes over into ■ Gaul, 517. Defeats AI b i n us, -who ; kills himfelf, .and be haves with greabcrueltyBbliim, " and his föm'uy und friends, &c. ibid. Makes Avar on the Parthians, and takes Seleu- eia, Babylon, andCteiiphon, 518. Ca'ufes by an ediâ ■' thé fifth general - perfecutlon againit the Chriifians, 519. ' Falles" over into Britain,; and fdppreffes a revolt there, 520, His fon Caracalla attempts to murder and depofe him, but ' jnifcarrics therein f ibid.' : H r s d eath, ;and cha r adte r,; 52 ï . " SEV ILLE ,- treaty of, -concluded,: "and recital of fome -of -its , articles, x. '383, 384. öppofed in England, and why, 384. S F O R Z A , an Italian foldier; of ffortüne, but of. mean-defcent, account of him, ahd'fbfdiis ^plbits, ;ki';;:i7 ^ ; &.'ieq« His great power and influence in the time of Jane queen of Naples, and her conduâ .. towards him, 172. Takes - f ervice -under that queen and Alphbnfb king of Arragon, 17 3 . Drowned in .paffing the river Peicara, on his- march, "to relieve Aquilz, 174. —— FR A N C IS, fon of the former general of .that name, is invefted by the queen of Naples with the ‘com mand of her army, takes Milan, and defeats Bfachie, x t T74- . I N '-.D-’E 'X , ■ ■' ; t i jii- ■ He quits::ihe-fervtce of: the Menetia nsmhd Florentines^ ' . jg 2c ■ "Bngages. agaln in their fervice, and".raifes: .the' fiegb "- o i êronaj 'anddefeats Ticm ino^Dilip’s -.geoeral. j 93.-' His. rapid conquers . in- Lombardy,.-and .defeat--- of ."the-Milanefe - '.a-npy, 195.. ' Marries Philip’s-daughter,-and is declared Jhis LuccelTor,. 196. - - Breaks with the duke .of -.Milan, . and"' is made Philip’s general,1 .19 8. His’ailiilance from - the - -Mi-- - lanefe, with refpecl: to- the feveral preteniions made-.-to-that - ducky, 199.: Lie is.- joined by : the; Venetians - agakiif the . Milanefe, but 'breaks-his/faith -by his duplicity, 200.: Be- : comes mailer."of Milan,, by the eleHion-. o f: the ";aiiembl.y,: 2O"x'. The-: - Vene-tians, enraged ;at -his 1 ate acquiiraoii, make-war upon, him,' in. which he is aihifed b y : the,Tlo:en> tines, "203- -. Takes Calvifiana from the . Venetia nsf ibid.- Reco vers feveralplac e sir om. them , . 204. Concludes apeace with them- under- the mediation- of the pope, 205. ■ SH AIRAG U , general of Nureddin, king- of Bagdady: and uncle of Salad in, hid ory. of. him 5 v i i;. 94, & -leq. K is. cha- . racier, and f uriher: account of hirn, o7, -98.. SHAH J'E H A N , mcceiTor -of J.ehan "Ghir, the. Mogul" em-' peror, puts to"death Shahryar, the emperor of Bolaki, - and th e th r e efo n s - ofhi s ;b r o the r. D an i e l,b e for eh emo ants kb e throne, v. 483, A -great enemy - to' the Chriirians, "v/hoie. . ;town :0.ugH he takes from:: them,' and his empreis- fentences ' the :-prifoners! made .-there 'either .to . turn. -Mahcmetans,: or iTiferheatb, 484. Gives himfelf up to pleafures, and prin-,, .dp'ally.---'iho'fe-o"fi;-a.-lafciv:i.o-us-'.:kind,-::ibidi-:-...:His great" love of ■ juiiice, and FuppreiFes robberies by a wife method, 485. In- fiances cr his fuperilition, 486. C h a r a cl e ro f his fen s -a n d daughters, :,:and. their pra&icesyaguihft ihiin^.^Soyh^Sy; . Proofs of his rrbilaken policy, aril mg from, . his exceihve avarice, 4884 Rebellion-pf his/ibhspibrd. k feq. His policy defeated by Auringzib bis foil,: W'rho conihies. hirn, 49x. : His death, 504. cfp yk. SHAH;.; RHOR,; governor of .KhoratTan,./■ preparesy to malee himielf maifer or the dominions . of Kali! iuitan, Vone i of- Tamerlane’s.' fucceiFors, vii. 453. Takes pofieiHon of Sc- .- markahd,-; 455. 1 His death, and iiTue,: 456. - Remarkable manner:in which he got his harhe^ ibid. : SH ALEH and. Shelib, remarkable hilt ory of them, vi. 243, 244- ; - ‘ . SH EBA, queen-of, her vifit to So 10m0n, x.4 0 1. 3ee Queen and Solomon'. SH EM , the fee end ion of: .Noah, Vcountries fettled- -by his defeendants, i t 42, . A . .SHIITES, I N ■ D" ■ H yX-.- SH IIT ES, .or inhabitants "of Cufap% competitors Tbf ■-the'■■califat - , in the time of. Merwan, account of theirs infu r r eft î on , v i. 220. Their : circular ' letters, 221, 222'. Recognize Ma homet, grand fors of AH, and' incline: to tr a nsfeb-thei r = alls - : gi an ce ■ :to. hi m, 222. r. . ■ Fregreis of their genera]-- Soleyman, , .224., 225. .. .Their extravagant conduif,; after aiTuming to themfeives^tbetifcie of Penitents,, 225. -A re furrounded and cut to pieces-b yObeidailafe, one : of the califf’s generals, 226. SHIMÈI;,.: cunes and reproacues: David when on ■ his march againii his rebellious fon Abfalom, n ::ddmplores.hpar- don of that monarch.; and is forgiven by him. 3 9 3 .Is put , to death by Solomon Lor- tranfgreiilng his orders, 307. / SHIN AAR* where fituate, h -.31* S H O 7 'EP A L A, fen and facceffor-of Ayuli, emperor of China, : hi s. pop id ar cond u ft, arid .eon fpiracies «gal nit him p u n lined , vii, 277. His i do ia try r en d ersh im a 11 enemy to the Ma- : ho rne t a n-s,, wh ofe mo fques hedeni el i fh es, ibid. His < g rue! : , and arbitrary conduct rendering him odious to his iubiects, he is :n;;-derec by them, 378. ' ... ■■■ ■ :' SH REW SB DR Y , earl of, attempting ;to raife the fiege of s- Bourdeau x, ; and -raid 1 y en g a g s n g; t b e F r é neb w ith an inferior army, is defeated and ilalti by them, xl. 217. SIGAN i and, .Siculi, hiilory - of: t h e 33, 34. The for me r, w bo a re feppo fed to h ave been t h e fa m e .people as the ■ Leifrigones,. had as many kings as cities, but at length re duced under one prince,. 33. Side with the..Lacedemo nians in rne Peloponneiran war, and afterwards .join'Dionv- £ us. tyrant of Syracufe, againir the Carthaginians,: 3 3 ,3 4 . Account of the Si cull from Diodorus .and: Juftin, 34. S IC IL Y , hiilory of the ifiand -of, till its r e du ft i o nbyth e Remans, lia 27, & feq. O f its name,fftuaiiom, and cïtiès, 27— 31. Mountains, r i ver s, adj acent iOands, an d - its dif ferent inhabitants, 32. invaded by the Carthaginians un der Hjimhcar, whom they defeat, 35, 36. ..Exploits of their kings, 36, Â feq. Reduced to a Roman .province,! but dïfrinyuiihed ab 0 ve other provinces, ' 1-j 7. Reduced by Thecdoric, v. 369. Crown ■ of it feized by the king of Arraçon, who inti rely reduces it, H i , ‘i 12. Affairs there on the death of Aiphonfo - king of Arragon, and the acceffion of his brother James to.that throne, 117. . Frederic, his brother chofen king of it, on the renunciation of James, ibid. Kiffory of it during1 the hoiHlities between the A n -. jouvine party and Frederic, but is finally ceded to the- lat ter, on paying large confiderations to the-pope, 123. AR. fairs there In the reign of Robert* king of Naples, 139. Af- .... I N ' D E- X-- t feifs-there froth the death-' of the we gem,- till- thè-: redddrion,. of - the' greateit part of the iiland by young Frederic, ^42—-- ' 144v ..Revolts-from-the -Spaniards,- ‘and admits-the-' French duke.de :¥ivonne'as-their-viceroy, xii. 273. ' SIC YO N , an-ancient kingdom' -6f Greece, ..hifiory‘-of it,-- in . 247.' Its;feveral-names, and fituation, Ibid,. •• •" S ID ON, an anci ent city of P henìcé, i. 18 2. , Its kin g ^ r 19 4. - : ¿c fcq. ' ' ■■■■ ‘ " ■'■■■"' ' ' S 1G ISM UN D , fen: and fucceiforof ‘ Gu n d ebald, ki ng of the Bulgarians, acknowledges himfeif a-fubjecf to- -the 'Roman empire, in a'letter .to Anailafms,v*-4o6. - Me is attacked, defeated, taken- :prifoner, andput;to death by the-Franks, with his wife, and chiìdreh, Ibid...' ' . __—-a..-; v;;:./ - emperor o f. thedioufe of Auftria, his ex tra 0 f- dinary -hiiìory while king of Hungary, ix. 51. : Difpofes of the marquifate 'of Brandenbo-urgk - to: F roderle of Hohen- ■ ..''■ ■ ■ ..zóilern,f52. His ‘war with, and defeat-of the'-Venetians, .ibid,r,:-His- pomp and; magnificence- a t the council of Con- ; ftance,and infamous conduci; towards John. Hois, whom . he'lhamefuliy and perndi.ou-ily ■ delivered up- to the maltee of his .enemies,,53, .54. - Yiiits -Franee and. : Eng]and, at the ; latter of which he.is treated .with- reierve and : contem pt -by - Henry '54VP ’-Is.crowned-at Milan with. - the ; iron crown,- ;;,5g. ' His :profperous fituaticn .engages ithe; Yhaborites. ■ to inllft in his armies againd the Infidels ; but re;j plug into • his. former: defpots fm j, bee 0 m es odious.. to- --. the-. Bobe mia ns, 62. His-death, -and. vindicationofhis emprefs, ibid. ; Ills iifue, 63. d'y-fo ; .— .v ■■■■-—----— - ibn ana lucceiror of john ting . o f S weden , is chofen king of Poland, and obliged by the traces to lign : articles^ in favour of the proteilant religion, &p. ■ Mi.,499. .. He: fucceeds... to the throne o f Sweden, and; betrays-his af- . :. fedHon for popery, . 501.. His d IH cui ties from, his prò re liant fubjeeb on that head, and refolves to alia ih nate duke Charles his uncle for favouring them, 502. Oppofed by \v 'the dates, who aiTemble without his.authority, and tirabiifn ,tbe intolerance of the Roman- cat hoi icr e lig ion, 503. His - forces - defeated; by the duke,:who:is- proclaimed a trailer, but depofes his nephew, and fucceeds iiira 2s king of Swe- - den, 504. y -.;'. —-— — —;----— I . king of Poland, and fucceifor; ofAlexah- -. der, fo ppreifes a con fp i racy. bet wee n h ; si great g.e n era! --.Gii n - - ilei and rh s czar o f M ufcovy, and totally d a feat s it h e m, xi[. 6i8. : His defeat of the Radians, and death, and charac ter, ibid, SIGIS-MUND, d -: e \;X. SIGIâ-MUND Î Î . -fon.'.and fjceeCor .of S-igîfomnd ï.-king-p? : Polandj fucGoars the- T emonie knights, aga!ait:the:B.uffianSj- ¿xü. 61S .'■ His troops -defeat. the -'Mufcoviéesy'drgî^-r.îïis death s and th e ,e nd. of th e j agello lin e - therehy,;tbid. SIM EO N , - the; tribe of* their. inconiiderabìe lot andldiipër- Iioïï's. i. ::£.-34-î. h-SS’ , ; king of the Bulgarians, ■ defeats ■ a bRoman, -array* and: bruelly treats ; cmany of h ì s pr ifon ers* v. 432 *v - B y a ■ fécond victoryobliges theem per or Leo toi gran t Kim. an ho nourable peace, ib idv ■ - invades . tb e -empire, takes Adri ano - .pie, _and ravages Thrace and-Macedon,'.433. - He is over-* . : thrown,¡ with"the lofs1 of his whole army, .-by the: Chrobati, ; >and: dies Mth grief, ibid F ■ SiMGNiithe jüitj high-priefti of the Jews^v h-is-excellent cha- ■ radier, and works, i. 4-44* ; t : 1; ■ ; MACCABPEUS, hïsi brave; .exploits; in .Galilee in behalf o fth e ; Jews, .it: 459. ■ 'Made a.i: fovereign ;prince of the Jews, 469. Is trescheròuily murdered, : :v?ith;his\ £wo;:; ions, by-P toléra y h is fon -ih -1 aw, - 4 71. — —— -fon: of'Gprissy leader of agang -of robbers. His; cru- .. : elty and excéiTes, i. 54-4. Carried priioner to Rome, and ;;there; ieourged, and put tò deàthf 55G; . SIS EG , a ft r o ng town- i nC r 0 atia, valiantly- defended againit - the Tarks by an, abbot,; who cuts in; pieces 18,000 of the’ -Infidels:, and, by- the afiiflanceiof a detachment of the Im- perialiits, raizes thefiege o fu t/vlil.-172. Taken by the Tarks, and the garrifon put to the fword, 173. SIX T U S XV. fucceffor of pope Paul II. endeavours to unite the. European powers agai nil the-Turks,1 x. 2 11 . His pro digality and pomp, ibid. Difowns the peace -between the Florentines and Ferdinand,-as -not falling-in witEfhis: ambi tious, views, 215;: His-deathiy and is condemned: for his haughtinefs and violence, but applauded for his ufeful and magnificent buildings' in Eom ef iand ;foundiiïg the; Vatican library, 216. . ■■■■; ■ ■■ . SK A N T ER B EG , 0 r by his true name George: Gafiriot, hiftory of him, and its uncertaiaty, vìii. Só. Sent by Amurat on an expedition agaihP the -defpot o f Servia, wherein be ing iuccefsfu', he is preferred to the government of a pro - vince, ibid. Stratagem by which he gets poffeffion of -Croia* 87. Conquers the Othrnsns in Epirus, &c, ibidr His cruelty to the Turks, and defeat of Ali, Amu rat’s great general, "with prodigious {laughter, 88. His condudt cen- furable as a champion of GhriPianity, Ibid, Gains'a- fr eih. - ■ - I T ' » • TÌ£tory over- the, Othman generals, 89.. Attacks - Ambra £f§ ■:■! çarpp'f wMch-.penetrating too far, Be-i s fur rounded ■ by, ; thè ' ■ " Oilmans,, bat, by a prodigious, exertion, of valour,; efeapes and, rejoins his men, 91. Haraffes' thè infidels at the iiege ' of Cròia, ’ which is . raifed, 92. His other exploits, and " doubts 'concerning, .his- hiilory, 108» His death, and great / veneration paid £0 ■ his me ®ory, 1 0.9* , - ? ; S LA N K EM E N , battle of,- gained■ by- the Imperialifts over the Turks, viih 283, & feq*. ' S M Y R N A , .city of, Etuate on 'the! Ifhmus of the ;ïonian ' peninfula;, account of-itsâncient andïprefenti ilate,''-various fates, inhabitants, .&c. üi, I.—4- ,. SO BIESK I, JO H N , king of Poland, delivers his fmall army From fhë .Turks, and. concludes ape-ace with: them, vnî. 233. Raifesthefiege of .Vienna,Un, conjunction -with the "Tiermans, anddefeats the Turkifh army, 242, & ieq-ixi 19 5 . ’: His eledtiorrto' the crown of /Poland, and glorious reign, xii. 627. ■■■ ■ .Unfortunate with xefpedi to his-, domefric : aâirsy-and;death,dbid^,:.... SO C IA L, or Italian, - war, with, the: Romans, : which, proved very dangerous and defrubtive to....them, an.' account of It, .;îy.,.2i:r5.j. gif.. -.s. h..; . y:. ... . S O GR A T E S , i the: 'celebrated. ■ Greek ,.ph iîofopher,. his êscel- . lent :charader, ii,: 36oe His difìmguifixed probity-'and .fUidf . virtue , raife; : the, ': envy of, the Atb.en.iaqs againR,. him,, : ibid, His enemies end eayouriag to -accompl iih his ruin.-procure. Mel i tus to accufe him of v iolatio g ihe law; &c. 3 6 1 Makes a bold and manly deienee, but is; prenduneed guilty, ibid. Extraordinary ,infì ances of his vi reno u s: condu £t at . t he la£h period of his Jife, in his,, anfwers to ; his .Eiends, and-ihia. condemnation, and death, 362/ i Uniyeriafdeteifationhf his; accufers, and thei rpu n i fh m en t b y the A th eni a ns, whoe r e £h , a ftatue and chapel to his memorypibid. :: S O L E Y MA N , : general; of the,Shiites;,- his-progrefs, vi. 224— 220, Refol ves .,to march, again IfO b eid ail ah, the,-cali UMer- wan’s general;, 225. - Re and hisdeluded fello wersa re far- r.o.un.ded,and,cut..to,piec See-SK irvE s,’ 1 1 ,, the Éirh, ,>fucceflbf'. of Selim, emperor of the ■ Othman Turks,: be f eg es . R h od es 3 2 n d lofes great;.in umbers of men befpre.it,-; v.iii. 135. Takes- that city on a h honour-- .... able .capitulation,; and treats tbs grand rnaifer witk; grest refpect, 136,. Subdues a rebellion in Egyptf and defeats the Hungarians at Mchatz with..greet daughter, and takes Buda and Kalender, 13.Ó, igy.- Cimelly ravagéf and-depo- pulates the country, and orders .the inhabitants of -Aleppo ■ to- r - N - D* E x - ., - ■ :fo -be- deftroyed for a ftight offence, "137. ..Recovers' "Sedas ..-after it:had - been- retaken -from him "by;.Fe-rdina-ndy-king of .the Roman's,;;!bid.: ■ 'Grufade, of the German;pr Inces:agaiaft :h)m-;■■ which is rendered unfuc eefs fu-1'by;the:dilato ry conduct: ■ of ftre-ge ne ra]s, 1 4 4 ;! 45. Account of his various-fuccefs .ft and -domeiric troubles, -147. Caufes his -eldeft'fon Muftapha to be put to death in a cruel an dun mere 1 fulm a n n eft 148. ■; , -;Hi se i v ft regal at i o n s, i 5 c. Paiics over into - Aiia,' in- ord er to defeat the defigns of his fen -Bftazet, whorn he. caufes to be put to death, 15 1. Takes'Tripoli, • ibid.' : Concl udes a tteat.y‘.with the Germans, which is of :fnort continuance,. . 15.2. His .preparau'qns. fpr ..the .ftege'.-of-Jâlta^ Tftg.v f His :*^:-moderatiom-after:rdiftBgfthe-.ftege-of-toai;oity;;.T;<5v Takes Sigeth. ,-56. Hrs death:,i;andvcbara3 :£r,: 157. .-SGBOM0 N.j-.fon of David, king of the Ifraclites, is- anointed ..■ king or; the death .of his father,and begins ; his: reign, i., 396. Is endued with 'extraordinary wife cm by the A l- ... mighty,- in -confeqnence ;of his prudent chcice, 397. . Sig nal inftance of it, in -his j’udg-mpntv-cbmce'fning the pro perty cr a: ch 11d, ibIdHis niagnificenee and riches, '3975 ,;, 39S. Enters into an alliance with Hiram', king of Tyre, whoaiTifts him in building the temple, 39$. 'Completes,that - magnificeiit ilrucf ure, and at -the’ dedication oft it receives ' , a token of the d Ivi n e fav our, 39 8, 399. Hi s coft] y and fpl en- did palaces, 400. Procures imrnenfe riches by his navy, from ■ ■ his trade to Ophir, 400,401. Is vifited by the queen- of Sheba, who admires his wifdom and grandeur, 401. He provokes God, 'by his degeneracy, and fnameful idolatry 2nd defec tion, to denounce judgments againft him anu his fuccelTor, 4c2- His death, ibidD efcripiion of his pools, and their prefent ruinous ftate, 222. Reprefentation oft his temple in ■ :its original fplendoft230. - '" . .ft SO LO N , the famous Athenian; lawgiver,- his.;charadler ua-nd- - excellent qualkles, ii. 290,; .29XSalamis recovered by his means, 290. Procures the taking of the city of Cirrha by . ftratagem, 292. He is unsrdtnoufty declared archon, but generoufty refufes the fevereignty, and gives ftriking1 proofs of -his wife cobducl, 293. Ptiblifnes an edict for the dif- charge of debtors, 'and- is thereupon treacheroufty dealt ■ with by his friends, and repeals the laws of Draco, ibid. IDivides the. people into four ranks, raifes :the reputationfof th e A r eo p agi te s, rend eri ng th eir court ve n e rabic, and efta- blifhes a fen ate of -400 members, 294. His law's 44:94— 296- Travels into Egypt arid Cyprus, where he is well re ceived, 302, 303. His. great moderation, and prudent en deavours i ñ --d -'e ; x. ■ dcávoürs to appeaie the di Rur Banc es in Athens, 403. ' C m -: "fares the.faliity contained id the tr aged y: o fTheipis,. and/ expofes the ambitious défigns o f bisYr-iead. Pifiitratus, 304. ,, H is d eath, ibid. . ^ / /■ ;: . SO L Y M A N , -brother ■ and ■ íuccéíior of Wa!id, califr of the ' -Arabs, befieges Conftantinople with a great army, and iofes a .great number of men and-{hips'In the expedition, vi. 254. 'Raifes the flege, and his'prodigious army- ruined by the fa mine -and : fword, 255. Appoints Omar his fuccciicr, 257. His death, .and charafter, ibid. .Accounts of his Niiome- ter,-258^: Remarkable infeription on his feal, ibid. - SO N G , or CH IN ESE, join the Moguls in the.X iegeofJu- ningfdg vii. 334. .Break with the Moguls, who -attack them, c 3 5. Their bravery and -d efperate- deaths on the taking of Sechew,i 3 3 7'i 338, Ob fer vatio ns on their condudf, '338* Their- empire retrieved by-Mingkong, who defeats the M o guls in feveral places, and re tab esthe 01 ae e s: held by th e m, ibid. Expedition■ of Mangu, the great khan of Tartary, againiT them,.who is killed in an aiiault upon Hochew, • 347. Conclude a peace, with the Moguls,:' ah;d become tributary to them, 73484!. W ar ■■ .agaimíf them renewed -by- K u bl ay,.; 3 5.2.. Co a tinued, 354. . 7 Their emperor ib limits to Kubiay, and-their defperate /Rate at that period, 356, ■ 337. : ; Commotions among 'them, : and new êmperors ; ap pointed; in fucceihdn,. 358, 359. End, of their: dynaifyy 359. . Severity of Sublay to their bynaffy, 2Q2,- Their '■ emperor made a i ama by Rmb 1 ay, and. thereby difqualihed i to fucceed to the empire, 367. .71 , ' 4 i 4 i " -SOPHIA, filer of Peter and:. John, czars of Ruiha, being declared regent of that/empire, oecaiions a dreadful infur- r eel ion at Mofccw, through, her: ambitionyxii.. 58-8. Calls ■ in Baiil Gaiitzin to her aiiihanee, who, being made: her general and chief miriiitef, is ü n forum ate aga i nil t h e Cfirn Tartars,. 5.89. . C.onfpires aga inffPe ter then foie czar, and, the whole of her execrable: deilgn .being difeovered ande x- pofed, fhe is forced to: retire ta-.-a convent,, 589, /5.90..4 . SPAIN,, its ancient hiüory, limits, vvhence fo calted,. and.chief diviiions, S:e./ v. 266,,. & feq. Its'£rÍL inhabitants, 271. FirR .. kings, 273,,:& feq.- Settlement of/the./Geltes and Gauls, &c. there, .276, 27 7. i Bn/.great;part red0ced by the Romans, 277* Modern hiiloty of it, xil, 136, & mq. ’ Account c f . the ir.vafron of it by the Moors, r40,,& feq. Settlement o f the. Moors there, and their moderation towards the ChriT tiabs, 142. Exploits 0f its:kings, 14.1, -& :■ feq, DhTenficns -there occasioned by the pope, 174. Hi Rory of it under the P houfe X. N .D /E, X. ' hotife -o f Aafiria, 2 3 1, & feq; ■ Its ; defpieabJe condition. ,on ; th e marriage of Charles V . 276.' î ts po V e r-tÿ,, and rie b es or its grandees, 278. Its hiftory, from the acccilion of the houfe of Bourbon to the prefect time, 2S1,. & feq. Its né gociations, and war with-England, 306,-ce -fèq.' W ar in. 3762;' between it and Great Britain, 'and'its confequences, ‘ '319, & feq. ' ' ‘ " ; SPAN IARD S, their ■ ancient miitorÿgVv 266,;& feq. Their religion and d lire rent Rates, 2 7 1..: ■ Their valour arid dlici- ■ phne,'learning;: arts, and language, 272. Their nngular me- • ;thod''of computing time, and character of them, 273. Send an erobaily to; AlexandeiAhe Great, an d m a k e a noble ef- " :idrt to fupprefs th e Roman tyranny, and drive thofe oppref- ■■ live invaders out of Spain, 278. .V ~——■■■■/ - Modern,- th e irg 10 r io u sc ampaig n s-in Savoy:'' and Italy in 1 745, xii. 313. Are:defeated by. the Auitrians, 314., SPANISH armada, dsillned:to Invade En gland inthereign of ■ Elizabeth, its: defeat, ix. 324.’ / -—- — — government, rife of the: oppofition to/it by William ■ NaTau, prince of Orange, and the count of Egmoiid, the avowed enemies o f'Spanuh tyTahhy ànd the inquifition, ix„

—:----war with the Eng’iih in 1738, XÜ. 305,- cz feq. SP A R T A , hiltcry of It, from Lycurgus, to its being joined by Phi lop ¿men to the Achæaris, ii. 377, & feq. I A'fedi- "tion there, oecahoned by the changes made in the Rate by Lycurgus, which is quelled by his moderate conduct, 384.. Ephori created there, 388. Dreadful earthquakes there, 401. ■ Taken pc demon of by Antlgonus, who leaves it free, 461. - ; "' SPA R TA NS, requiring rep a rati on of wron gs from the A theni- ans, for infringing the peace, their terms are rejeAed, ii. ggS. Their war wihh the Athenians,-339, & feq.;' BeRëgé' Pla- tæa unfuccefsfully, 342.1 Are bdleged by the Ax then! ans ïn S ph acte r i a, and ob liged: to fur render, 345 ; ; Are d efeated by the Athenians in two fee-engagements the fame day, Where upon they in vain fue for peace, 354, 355. Their fleet is again defeated near Leibos, 356. Gain 2 deciiive victory ■ over the Athenians, anAtake their capital, 357. Conclude a peace with the Athenians, 359". Unjuiliy feize upon ■ Thebes, 364. "43 7. Are fu ccc u red by the A then i ans agrinR the Thebans, 396. Invade the MeiTenian territories, 386, 387, Are defeated by: the Meffenians and their allies, 38g. 'Fake Jthorne by ftratagem, 390. Are again defeated by the MeiFenians, 391. Refolve in a general afTerribly to op- 3 " Fbfe feofe ' the Persians, 397. T h e I r. br avery , - 21 tu&fffAtk-of Thermopylse, 398- - See. L-EoisriipAs. Hoffilides' renewed b e t w ix t them a it d: the Athenians, 4 oiv Tot ally ro ut the,' . Athenians before Svracafe, 405. - Defeated a t. Maatir.ea, 420. 451. See L a ced z-im o m a n s. ■ SPENBIUS- and Matlios, --1 wo; mutineer s in the Carthaginian ■ army,- endeavour to interrupt an accommodatien-betwee17 the mercenaries and theCar tha g 1 rii an s, iii. E90. Are chofeiu gcnerals by the mutineers, and declare war againft the Gar^ - thag:ni2ns, 191. Are favoured by the : African cities,; woo - .. declare for them, 190. Block, up Carthage, and befie»s ■ ‘Utica and llippccra. the former of which ..is relieved .by Hanno, wh o r out s- the ■ me r ce n arie s, -x92. Defeat. H an no, and feize and piun cer bis camp, iNd. .Ham i! ca r. g a in s ’two . victories over them,! 193. ■: Again defeats them;. and having taken them prifoners, puts them to cruel deaths, : 96. S PI TA M EN E S, a Perffan nobleman, and chief confident ■ of •Bellas, delivers him up in cliains -to -AiexanQer,:. who cauies him to be put to death: by-tortures, iii.z g 5. Foniiies him- feIf:in Mar acanda,..after.driving out the: Macedonian gaf- rifon, 276; : Attacks - and defeats the.. Macedonians,.. Ibid^■ He is routed by Caenus, commander of the Bactrian and Sogdian a u x i Hat5es, 3oI. His.:deathj ibid. ... . ; . . S T A X E S G E N E R A L , -their deplorable cong 11Ion on the duke of Parma's fucceiTes againitthem, and the!r determined refoluiion to- ihake off the Soaniih tvrar.ny, ix. 317. .Are jealous of the duke of Anjou, 318.: Their treaty with queen Elizabeth, 32T- Increafe of their naval power, 325- Difference between them and that prlncefs; their offers to her, and her demands, 328. Ratify their treaty with her, and agree to pay a fubfidy during die war,;-330, 33X.. Are jealous of prince Maurice, and’ oblige:’ him to fight the Spanifh. general Mendoza, 333. Receive an ambaua- dor from th e k i n g o f A ch e my an ind i an p r in ce, which:: I a id the foundation of the Dutch Eaff India company,; 337. Apply for aid to James E of England, who inclines to; the Spaniards, 339. Alliance -between them and; the French king, 369. Account of their affairs iu idyt , 38x1 See- D u t c h , S T E E N B O E K , general of the SwediHi army-in the reign of Charles X II. defeats the Oaiufh. invaders,/ xn. 543» Gains a fecond victory over the Danes,. and behaves with great b a rb a rl ty, 548. He is fur rounded by. th e; Ruffians and- Danes, and with his army taken prifoners of warby them, ibid, F 2 STILICHEE r-N D ■' E" X- ST ILIC H O , chief general and prime, mmiftef of Honor; os, e m pe rot- of the-'Weft,, rules w itlv ah solute fvvay : there, v. - . 66. Inffi gates the G o th-s a n d. Hu no s to invade the Ha item empire j-67. 'Renews the Roman alliances; with-: the Franks and other German nations, and - fecures the peace of Gaul, . 68. Drives the barbarians from Grecce, but; at, length iuf- fcrs them to efcape him and pillage Epirus, 69. He is de- . clared a pubiic enem-y by the emperor Arcadius,- and. hvs lands, ¿;c, in the. Eair conhfcated,; ibid.. ,.,MnEdeEs-:::vMaf- , cezel, whom hehadappci-ntedto march again ft Gildo his brother, who was defeated by him, 71. Made conful; with Aurelianus, 73, l ntirely defeats the barbarians in ■ 1 taly, 76.. Maintaining a private, correipohdenee: witE; Alaiic, ■ his . t reac h e r y is expo fed ter A re adius by Olympias, 7 8 - He. i s difgraced and. put. to death,.ibid. ,: Opinions of authors can.- cermng his treachery, and is, fucceeded by Olyrnpius hi-pae- ' cufer, 78, 79.^ ^ : .. ^ 1 i .y ■ S T U RE , S T E E N , is. declared admin;ftr ator of - the affairs of . Sweden, xih 475, Defeats Chriinern with, great daughter, and takes his grand*mailer priioner, ibid. He is deprived of his ad.minidratorihip.iby: tbe.fenate,; at the rniligation of a eon fed e racy formed by Suante Nelfbn, 476... He i s hated by the clergy, who attempt to murder hlm: 7 ibut ;being at length rein veiled with.the adminiflration andcommand,; befieges and takes St 0 c kho 1 m,d e And ed by Ghri&ina, 477» His further iucceiTes, and death, Ibid. ------fucceiicr of Suante S tore, adminiftrator of 'the- Swediih affairs, xii. -47 S. .The:, panes.procure an. ex-corn* inunication to be iiiucd agair.il him and hisI party, and is again excommunicated, with his adherents, by Chmriern of Denmark, ibid...... ■------SU ANTE,., fucceilcr.. of Steen . in tbe admini- flratorillt.p of S weden, vio]en t icon d u£1 . of . John king of . Denmark towards him, who cautes .Kim and his country to be. laid, under an interd;£t, and reduces them. ..tb: great djif- trefs, p i. 477. His death, 478. ; SDBRIUS FEAVI-US, a..brave; Reman tribene , and one of the confpirators againR Nero,; his noble reply to. that cruel, emperor, on being aiked the caufe of his confpiring again ft .‘him, iv. 399. S T E V E S , their ancient irate, till their fettling in Spain., v, 380, & feq. Nations included under their name, 38c. i'art of them tranfplanted into Gaul by Tiberius, inwhofe reign they drive out- ..their- king. Maro.bodes,: ibid. Break into Panncnia with other barbarians, and invade Italy, 381- . I N' B E X. - ■■ . v : E n ter Gaul with -the Alans 2nd. Vandals, and 'driving -the; . Roman? out or Spai n. ; : di vide the provinces by lot amongfe * ■ tnernfei v-es, and fettle ‘there, ibid.. '. M ake. -wa r upon ' the Gallieians, ' who at length, obtain an a c e o m mod at i o 0, 3 8 2. ■'"/ Their further {hcceifes, ibid- St feq. .. . Exploits of their kings, and'their tra n fetido ns - to the end- of their hifeorv, ' 382—385...... E h‘ LPI Cl US A F E R , a cor; fp irator ; with S ubriu s: :. Fi avid s .. againf: Nero, his intrepid behaviour and refold te anfwer to, that tyrantj. on being aiked his inducement for engaging in-.. . tbe tontpird^ ■ .. T S W fD E N , its treaty with France, ix. 16.8. ..Hidory ■ of it, and exploits of its kings, xii. 452. & feq. . Rebèìiìon..there: in the reign of Eric the. Stammerer, which he fupprefTes, 4.53. Magnus becomes foie matter of it on the defeat of Walcemar, 456.. . Invaded■ "■ by the Danes, 45S.. ::. Ir.iiirrec- tion there, in order to .expel theDanes fr om thence, 466, 467. The kingdom governed >by: adminiilrators, 4.7 31 Se feq . State- of it ohtheaccefììorr èf Ghrifeina, 517. Peace o f Nimeguen advantageous tq. it,/ 328. Receives a fuppiy from Great Britain,' in the reign;:oi George I. to;accelerate^ a peace, 560. Its happinefe reftored under Frederic, ¿61. Severe profecutions there, occafemed by the claims of the duke of Hoi fee in, 562. EftabliÌKment of jts Eafe'India company, and dp fen five and commercia! treaty with Den- ~ mark, 563. Unfortunate war with Ruflia, 564. ’ Coir ci uiion of its hiftory, 567. SW ED ES, their war with the houfe of Àuferia mi the: time of Guftavus, i X. 157, & feq. Their fuccefees;, and lofs of the great battle of Nordlihgen, 267. Defeat of toe Imperi al ills, 173. Their conquéfes and progrefs in conjunction w i th the F re neh, 177, 5c feq. D! frerences with them at the diet of Raiifboh, with refpect to privileges, 185. Their vafe fuccefTes in the ad mini fetation of Oxen ft i era. xii. 513. Defperate fiate :.of their affalrs, 514O Degeneracy of their military character, and their miierable conduct in the field, 566. Their ope rati on sin Pomerania, and their war w itii Prufeia, from 175Q to 1761, 567. SW ’EN , king of -Denmark, aboliihes Chrifeianity, is taken prifoner by the"Vandals, and afterwards driven from his kingdom by Eric, king of Sweden, xii. 375. Refeores: the Chriftian religion, and ihvades England, where he dies, ibid. SVVERCH ÉR, king of Sweden, and' fuccefeof ;of Charles, rendering idmfell de tellable to his' fuhjeits by his tyranny, the nobility invite young 'Eric to their relief, xii. 455. I N- D E ,DL;Y' ■ ' - Files to Denmark,. from whence returmng with.; an. army, he is defeated in thrèe pitched battles, and killed, ibid. SW ISSES, beginning of their union with the French, ix. 74. Defeat the generals of Charles duke of Burgundy, who is afterwards hunfelf overcome and ilain by them, ibid.- .Cut in ' pieces - M a aim lb an’s ar my, 'and -demoliûi T ungen:, S i - EdabliCament of their republic, 82. ' S T L LA-, GOiDHELIDS, proconfuh ana .general ypf ..the Rq- m -a rs, civ il w ar b etwee n \i i m ; arid Marius, 1 v. 016, 5 : feq. ■ Re is declared an enemy to Rome, 21B. Bis exploits agaiuit Mit h rida tés, whom h e twice defeats, and re covers fey. e r al countries from, out at length concludes a peace with him, ibid. Lands in Laly, which country .is reduced to a deplor able fituation by civil diffenrions, 219 . ■■■■Enters. Rome,-.beV comes mailer of ail Italy, and ex ere lies enormous cruelties in the city, 220, 2 2 1. Re ilg n sh i so i D a to rib. ip, 222.. Dies cf the joufy difeafe,. and iris body burnt at Rome, ibid., . ‘ SY R A CD S A N' $., defeat and d riv e . o ut; th e tv ran t; Thrafybu- 1 us from Sicily, iri. 40. Warwith; the riciriii, vvho arere-? c uced. by them, 4.1. Are put to flight by Nielas the Athe nian genera’, who ir.vefts Svracufc, 4.3. Engage the Athe nians, with various fuccefs, 4.4, 45. Harafs the Athe-t nians, add at length take their armies, commanded by N i- cias and pemoithcnes, prisoners, 46, 47. Fut the Atne- ' nian commanders to death, and reward their Laced sm on inn. allies with part of the fpoils, 47, 48. Their war with the Carthaginians, 48, & feq. Defeat the Carthaginians, who peverrheiefs reduce Agrigen turn, 51. Declare Dionyfiqs their generaliilirno, 53. They revolt from him,..but are re duced with many cruel circum fiances, 54. Again revolt, 2nd reduce, him to great (traits, 55. They are difarmed and ppprefied by him, 56. Are totally defeated at Tea by the Carthaginians. 59. Their defign to expel. Dionyiius op- pqfed and fruitrated by their Laced ®mom an allies, 60. De-r blare Dion and his brother Megagles generals, and put the troops of Dionyfius to fright, 72, 73. Their ingratitude to picri, whom they oblige to quit byraenfe, 74. They are furprifed by the gam ion cf the citadel, commanded by Nipfias, a general attached to Dionyfius, who makesa dreadful Laughter of the inhabitants of the city, 75. A.re aiuited by the Corinthians, in order to extricate them from '-be fav-gge cruelty and butchery of Dionyfius, 77. Chufe A- gathocies for their general, who maffacres the nobles, &c. §3. Defeat the Carthaginians, and take their general Rmricar pnioner, 87. HiRory and exploits of their kings, 7 ' ' ’ ’ ’ §*» I" N-; D E X.' . v. _ .. Q2 ,- cc feq. - 'Defire an alliance 5viîh the Rorriaasy-'But are prevented*: by Epicydes; and Hippocrates, 103» -Offer to .af fût Marceilus, who afterwards in veits and takes JSyracufe,. 10 4 , & .feq. • -See D io n y siu s and S i c i l y .’ .SYR A C U SE, the capital of Sicily, hiftory of it, iii. 34, & feq. W ar between its tyrants and Agrigentum, gvS, 5 c feq. Pc- tali fro i n tr od uc eb- the re, 40. = I n v e (ted b y N ici as, th e A th e- nian general, 43. Taken, pillaged,, and burnt by l ían ni.- • bal, who maiikeres the-inhabitants, 49.. Domestic di.fien- fions there, 49, 50. Its deplorable condition on the recaí of Dion, 75. Caiippus makes ' himfelf mailer of it, bat rendering himfelf odious by his ' cruelties, is put to death, 77. Taken .by. Timoleon,, who delivers it, an.cl other cities or Sicily, from their tyrants, Sc. Befreged bÿ thé Gartha- ginians, 84. The iiege of it rdiedby the garrifon, 86. Its dîflradted' Rate and - revolutions after the death of Aga in odes, 89. Freíh diiturbances there. ioi. Surprifed by ;HÍppoer.ate.kánd'Epicy.des, -'xcj, xoof InveRed by Marceiius, 466. Taken by him,; xi2.

' - . ^ T ’A B O R , mount, defcHptioh of it,"tits' regularity, .fertility, &e. i. 2-id. Chrift faid to have been transfigured on it, ibid. ... T A C IT U S , FucceiTor of the : emperor Aurel ian, 'his charac ter, iv. 560. Joy of thé fen ate; on his election, by recover i n g their ancient right of electing emperors, 560. His-defeat of the barbarians, and death, ibid. T A M E R L A N E , hi Rory of him, and of his fucceiibrs, vii. 402, & feq.. See T im -ur B e k . T AN C RED, king of Sicily a n d N api es, his hi Ro ry, and death, x. 70, 71. ; ' ' -I ' T A N G R O L.ÍFIX , at the'head of an array of Turks, makes hi m felf mafts f of Pe rfi a, and is p rod aimed \ k în g of th at country, v. 168. Engages in a war with the Romans, and 1 ays waRe gréa t part of Med i a, 169. : ■ Hi s a m bailado f b ein g fcornfuiiy treated by the emperor M'onomaehus, he renews the war, and ravages Iberia, &c. ibid. T A R E N T IN ES, their war with the Romans, iv. 175, 176. Are defeated, and their'city taken, 180. T A R T Á R Y , defeription of it, vii. 2-72, 273. Its d:\bhon into Eaft and Weft, inhabitants, and government,- 273. Hiftory of its empire, from the year x 368, to the late ft ac counts, 39 1, £c icq. Revolution there, 291, 392. : Pi " TEKELI, t. N, D-- E X; T E K E L I, the - H ub gar; an genera!, bis negociations .with, the : Porte, -viii, 237. Is in veiled with'-the' fovereignty of Hun gary. by order of the Porte,3238. Is defeated ;by .prince '. Lewis, of Baden, with' great ¿laughter, 24 ;. - Is blamed by, the ‘prime vizier for advliing the undertaking: the liege of. ■ -V iennay-but julrifies ;hisvcondudl'-vto Nthe.-fulian, 246, 247,: Inti rely defeats Schultz, the Imperial general, 250.' Is' ■ a r relied' by a Turkiih pallia,. andTent in chaijunto Gooffan-; tmople, ibid. Is reinitated in his cemmand,-252, PI;s 'dif- agreeable ftuationy and defeat by general'Header, 264. Stir- : pri fe s HeuHer5 thel Imperial general, and rakes hIm priioner, :: , ■ PP277E/. Ikdeierreduby the Lgiachians and Traniy 1 v anians anQ/fofced.to'retrre.again.iinto Turky,::.ibidi > .■ i'EMUJlN;" or J E H G filS ' KH-ANk-hhisBrig-iii' arid hl-Scry, . ,:yi i;: 27 4 & fe q. - See- J e n g hi z ■ K :H :A N T Ha MAS, for. of Kuficyn, fhah o f;Per&a,;aiLrn ?sth at tide, -vii i. : 33.:: His:. re prefehtati d hs. to the couits: of ConCtantG ■ nop I e-and RuGa, and is favoared by the latter, 34. Op- preiles the Armenians, and is oppofed by the Turks, 35. His general'Kouli Khan defeats AiHraf, and treats his mailer; with: infblenee, 40. Be is defeated by the Turks before Bagdad,; and makes ..peace' with them, 4 1. Depofed by . K otili Khan, 42," . Murdered by Rizi, foil of Na dir, 44. TEMPLE of Solomon. See Sol00;ox. 'I If L BAN S h i dory of them, from their time of be com in g a common we a! t h, to th e i r reduction by Ph i i i p o f Maced on, ii, 436,': & L.q. ; Their character,- .436.' A pply: to■: ;S,p ar ta ;. for prelection againit Athens, and recover the governmen t y of BceoiL, &c. 436, 437. Proofs! of their ambition, and V excite the jealoufv of the Athenians, 441. Aim at;: the.: do;nin.;0:1 of the lea, in whieh they are thwarted by the. ■ Atbenians, 44y* ; Aiiilx the Eubceans, 45 r. Their decline, 452. Declare againit the Phocians:In..'t-Hev.-facred warlj ’ which exhauirs and reduces them: to gf eat. fir aits, ibid.! ■- A P- ply to Philip of Macedcn for protection, and afterwards ally wit':-, the Athenians 'ag.ai.nit him, 453- They, are ec- Lfeated lbyIhimlat Gheronâ, and feverely treated..tor. '.red : '■ Bouncing their alliance, 454. Declare againtt.-'the Mace.-'V donians, whoreduce.them,.and take rheir city,. 455.:. T H E B E S, city: of, :■ its'-, ancient grandeur . and ,w.ealt H,■ L 40. Democracy prevailed there .in its--Bbun&'i.nglitate4i}:.::436>. Its. citadel .breed by the Spartans, who are driven put by . the Theban exiles, 437, 438. ■-I-Taken and-razed by'-'Ai-ex-;' auder;thp/.G-reat, 455. . . ■ ■ ■ ' : ■ y . " '.,y ■ TfiEXvlIS?1 ■■ I'. N ' 7) I l X . T H E M IST G C L E S,. general oí the '-Athemañs, ady:ifesTd| 1 .countrymen tó'-ppppfethe-PedÍansj\by^feaj.: as the ^rue/íeíife q f the' oracle,- ii. -317. ' Honours paid to him-by. the Spar-, . tans, after the defeat!o f the:: Periian^ fleet, 320. P-ropofes the fortifying o f Athens, which he effects by .-.his. wife and artful conduit, .322, 323. ■ He is. jbaniflied out "of Athens at the inlf igation: o f' the Lacedaemonians, and driven ;out .. of Greece, .32.5, , Retires to-thePeriian court, and,is-kin:dly ; :fece;yed.ihérefby>Artaxerxes,, ibidf.:.HiS;rdeath¿. andhonour-. able interment by the Periian monarch, 326.- .. T H E OD ó R A, you ngeft daugh re r of Con ft an tine, is fa' u ted e morel s, w it hi her fifter T o e ,b y th e people, on thedepoft- ti o n of Micha el C alaph a tes, v. i6 j. ■ : Aflames tber folp - go- yefnment; on the death of the emperor.Monornachus, iy HeP; wiFe :and prudent reign, and death, ibid. T H E O D O R E , fon andfuccefforof B afilo wits czar o fR u f- fia, his deneheenee and seal for reformation, xii. 5-8. His death, and remarkable incident in¡.theeappointment of á fuccefTor,.ibid. ■ ? T H E G .B G R IC , king of the.. Goths, -.makes .war on the; R o mans, and takes .feveral .places in: G aul, y. 69.... Agrees to a peace, but afterwards reduces foche of their cities, Ac. and defeats the Bunns before T o uloufe, ibid. : : Slain in 'th e battle of Chalons, 360. " . :. x.——.----- ;----- fucceiFor of Thorifmund, " king of the Goths, makes war on the Suevians in Spain, whom he totally routs,! v. 36-1. His conq uefts - in Lufkan ia, and breach ; with the . Romans, by whom being defeated, he is forced : to beg a peace, ibid. Is murdered by his brother Euric, 362.. - ffHEODORUS L ASCARIS, fen-in*law to che tyrant Ale xius Angelus, creates a new empire at Nice, y. 193.: Is at tacked by the-Turks, whom he defeats, and 'kills the fai- tan, ibid. Elis death, 194» t----__ — —_ id rv and fu cceffo r of Job n '■ Due as, ; the Greek emperor, 'makes war on the king of. Bulgaria, and the defpot of Epirus, and obliges them to Eue for, peace, v. 195« His death, 196. : T H E Q D OS ÏU S, declared emperor of the Taft b y -Gratìan, a n acco car ,o£ him, y.. 47 • Deplorable ft ate, .0 fth e ^ pro-i yinces committed to him, 48. His_ prqdent and : who!fome laws, 49. . Defeats -the Goths, ibid. 'Publiihes Tevere çdîdts againft the Sectaries, in favour of Cat boli cifro.; 50. Acknowledges Maximus for his .collègue,^5 2 .:-cPeriecutes his pagan fubjetfts, denouncing death or perpetual impri sonment againft all who offer faenftces to. idols, &c„ 53. Receives'; i m rm : .■ Receives, a íclerhn embaiTy fronr Sapor III- ■ king: of Peffia. who fol-i cits ;a: peace of hi m5 54. - Su pplíes Rome With - corn^ band difcovers a c o n fplr a c y a gal nfthirn fel f, and- forgives the : .authors of it,: lb 1 tL Gai ns a . v ichor y ■ 0 v er the G re nth on gi, 55. His rage agalnft the .Antiocbiaos on account of ait jhfurreôon;in-their^city,.:ibid, Pardons them, and reífóres their: city to alibis privileges, 57. M ar ch e s ?, g a I n it Ma s 1- ■ -mus,. - who had- invaded the dominions of Valent miany and .defeats.him in two battles, 58. -His. clemency and modera tion, particularly towards -the wife and relations, of Maxi- . mus, ibid. Pu’oiiihss feveral laws concerning religion, and ■ vifits Rome, where the force of his example is ibid greatly to contribute to the reformation -of the people; 59. R e ta rns inro. the ;Raft, and narrowly efcapes be 1 ng ;killed by the ikulking barbarians in-Macedón, 60, 61:. Diiliirbances - at his court raffed by Ruftnus,- his favourite, whom he ap points prefect of the £-{1, 02. Marches againft Eugenius ... the ufurper, whets taken and put to death by his own men, 63. Divides the empire between, his two ions Arcadius . and- Honor ids,. 64..-'His-death'; and character, ibid. Ac ece n t o f th e aut-h ors th at - Ho uñíhed during his r e 5 g n, 65, THI.OIX) TÜ 3 , lb con d fee re tar y to t h e 'em p sr or V a 1 en?, ■ pur to death for a conipi racy .againft that emperor, together with Maximus, and other pagan pnilofopers, v. 42, 43. THEOP-HILUS, fo n 2 n d i u cceiTo r of the empe ror M ic b a el, eranrs protedtion to the Rerfian-refugees, v. 143. • Gains a great victory over the Saracens, 1.44. Is defeated by them, . and dies of grief, 145. His character, and remarkable in flan ce of his diíintereftedneís. Ibid. ------—;------emperor of Conítantinople, and fon of M i chael Balbus, invades the calí fat with a great Army, takes Zabatra, and behaves with great cruelty to the Moilems, vi.----363. He is defeated by the califFs troops, 364.. ' T H ESSA LIA N S, character of them, II. 267. Their princes, 267— 209. T H E SSA L Y , biftory of the ancient kingdom of, ii. 266, & feq. Its div ilion, fituation, and extent, mountains and rivers, 266. T H E u DAS, an impoftor in Judea, beheaded by Fadus, the Roman governor,-i. 537. T H O LO Ü SE, earl of, his deplorable Rate, from the Infa mous articles of a treaty he was compelled to obferve by the pope and Romlíh party after their cruel perfecuticn of the Albigenfes. xi, 7—9, THORN, THORN,, barbarous affair'there, hiitory of it, affbr'ding. a itriking view of the vaft influence .of-the Jefuits at that , ■ tinse' xn Poland, 2nd their .cruel ’2nd v i n diet!y e d ifp'ofitic n . 2nd virulence ia-peifecutingethe-proteftaniathtê-forfavilight/;' .offence,:sii.:630>-D3t. - T H R A C E ,: 11mlts ■ of it, v. 269. Ravaged, .by-:tha: fi imns..;ia^ .. the year 404, who are drivea "thence by. the Imperial army, , 33?.. ■ T H R A SY B U L U S, brother 2nd fucceiior. .of Hiero -king of . .Sy r acufe,; proves 2 lavage and: bloody tyrant,vi.ii. 3 9 ' Go- . y e r n mg ■ ty r an n i cally, he is driven out of Sicily by the Sy- ...racufans* after a inert reign, 40, ------— — — • the Athenian commander,1 reduces: Bysantiurn .i ,and :Chaleis,: See. .and.retrieves the Athenian affairs, ii. 363, He is furpriieci and fiain, with .many of hls troops^ by tlie ■ . inhabitants o f .. Afpendus,in revenge for the. plundering - committed byhislbldiers, 364. T 1 BE.RHj S, in veiled by Auguftus with the power, and dignity of Agrippa, ...after that iliuiirieus prince's deccafe, and mar ried to Jalia, the emperor's daughter, 1 v. 320. Defeats ' ..and reduces the Ran no clans and Dalmatians, :i n iwoleverai. expecitions, 321. Enters upon ;his...fecond confulfbip,... and i obtains a triumph for his fuccefs againR the Germans, 323* Deiircs leave to .retire from, court, and goes to Rhodes, where he lives privately forhe years, 325. r .Is allowed, after J- m uch importucity,to return to Rome, and Is loon afte r ad opted . by Auguflus, who in return obliges Eim-to adopt German A cus, 426. Aug.uflus makes- him his co'iecuc in the fovereignty, 331. Succeeds to the Roman empire, and begins his reign with the murder o f young Agrippa, 334.: His feigned medefty, and flaviih degeneracy . of the ienate in and from his time, 335. Takes, upon him the empire with diTemhled relucfance,. 336. ... Promiiing beginning of his reign, 337, 338-- Grows: jealousoRGermanicus,/.and: .en-. deavours to draw from him the .German legions, 339. Marks of his wicked ana ty ra n n i cal d ifpohtion, 343. ; Rerulesto take upon him the correcting o f..luxury-:.and thereby: gains the good-will of the nobility, 346.- Appoints Pontius Pi late to be governor of J u d ea, ■ 3 5.1 v, His generoftty to the iuiFerers by a great Are at Rome, ibid; View of his de bauched character and degeneracy in his. retirement atG a- prex, 351, 352. Infiances of his (hocking: cruel ty -after the death of his ambitious miniiterfSejanusy 355, 356. His illnefs, death, and character, 3=; 7. ;. . ' TIBERIUS, I-K'-D E' -Xr. . T IB E R IU S , :a 'Thracian by birth, vappoiri ted : to -govern in - r he ■room Of ;the: eznperor Jnii:ms-v./ijy*,: Succeeds to' the em? pire, 118 . Hfs; - general - : 'M au r It m s 5 -having defeated the. Perharis,- he Taifesbihi tbAhekiignity <>f Caria r ,. and ihordy after dtes^ in thes’ibrirthwear:of his reign, ibid. w GRAGG HB S, grandfon■ of th e, el der ■ African ns „ cah.fes himfelf ;to be elected; tribune, and'endeavours to ren- . der himfelf popular, iv. 208. Procures the Licinian law to be enforced,, and appoints a -yearly triumvirate to exa- Hiihe- into the diifributiort of lands, 209. T h e nobles and others oppofe and take: up -arms :,againit him, ibid/ He is hilled by the fenate and people, 210. Tranfadtions and death oThi’s younger bfdtherGaiusy:2X0.,.:2ii.. . ' . ' T IG R A N E S , king of- Armenia, being reitored by th ep ar- thians to his father’s kingdom, -enters into-an.;alliance■ with Mithrid ates Eup at or againft i the Romans, ana invades Gap - padocia, iii. 493* k chofen king of ; Syria, land reduces Several neighbouring countries, 493, 494»- Retakes from, the Parthians the fe verity values extorted from Kím,.ánd adds to them all Mefcpoiamia, &c. 494. Inftances of bis ex-, ceirive infsknee and pride, 495.' Lucullus makes war -upon him, ibid. His imprudent : arid ungrateful conduct, 496. He is totally defeated1 with great daughter by the Romans, ibid. Luculliis. gains another victory over him, 497. - He gains fome advantages over the Romans ; but is afterwards unfortunate by the revolt of his ion, 498. Sub mits to Pompey, who -reilores him to the kingdom of A r menia, after, fetting a hne of 6ogo talents upon him, 499. Yields feveral provinces to the: Romans, rebellion o f bis fécond fon againft him, and his death, ibid. T IM O LE O N , commander in chief ofth e Corinthians, fent by them into Sicily, to the fu c c on rc ft he S yrac ufa n s ,i i i. 77. Account of him, 77, 7S. Lancs at Tauróminium, arid defeats feetas, who endeavoured to deter the Corin thians from intermeddling in the affairs .of Sicily, 78479, Takes the citadel of Syracufe from Dionyiius, who furrenders bimfelf to him, with: his rich moveables, See. ibid. Reduces Mellan a,, and takes Syracufe, whofe citadel and- caille The invites the citizens to demolifh, 79, 80. Extir pates the tyrants and tyranny from the other cities of Italy, So. Makes war on the Carthaginians, defeats them with' great daughter, and takes all their baggage, provi sion, Invades Perfi-a, andtakes; Tauns, . by which he reduces’ alfthe: great kingdom of ;:Azert>igiah, 4 11. :MeditatgsJ.ihe invafiqn/of: Georgia, ibid. I :;Hi$:gre2i fuccefs, owing to the rudenefs or unikilfulnefs of the con quered, 4 12v ° Co nquers Arm en ia an a l/pah an, an d iubduss Xipjak and the Getes, ibid.,, S-upprehes- a rebeilion in lCo-” razm, which be deftroysy and defeats the- Kipj aks,; 4x3. His extraordinary ,policy,;, and,;remarkable. fubmiHon. of Tckmatifh to him, ibid. Gai ns; a-vi ct c ry e vet him, 414. His feafics and magnificence, 4 15. Encouragesmatnnnony, and pr elides at the weddings of his g:eat emirs, ibid. De- ftroys the alia fans -in, Pe-rfia, and fubdues Kh uzefian. and . ifalaa Sefid, 416. His fierce engagement, with, rvlanitir, , whom he defeats and kills, 417. BntersShiraz in triumph, , an d rakes poiTeHion of I fpahan, ibid. ; His fe. v erity; . again 0: ■ 'infidels, and■■ exterminates, robbers, r 417 , 4 1S. Defeats;; the Hurds, and other robbers, 41.8,, 4,1,9;..Takes Avenifc,anci makes Meiler its governor, prifoner, 419. His danger frptii ■ £0nfpiracies, ibid. .His fuccefies in Georgia, .and;"fnagn:ifc eent appearance, there, 420. Crueliy and unjuifly perie- - eutes the Chriilians, ibid, Defeats Xoktnatifh, amd marches ..tQwaras ::lo«£rd3: tKe: Wolga, - where: he makes: an Tinmebfe ’feobty^ ' and ■ plunders the country, 4 2 r . . : Invades Georgia, and . completes the eonqueft of Kipjak and Ikefer,, ibid. -.His far-'’ ther conq 4rs and. magnidcenee, '422. ■. Deftats/the*' Sea- poys id. Ina a, and' punishes one -of his Cowardly generals, 423. Reflection on his conqcefts, i.hida His expedient for removing it be panic :of his: troops occzfior.cd by the ene my’s elephants, and his :rnethod ©f annoying thole creatures. 4x4. -Cruel maiRere nS ihe^âgatayi Indians By his men, and his conduct on that occaiion juftified, 425; Conquers India, where he is in great danger from a Guebre, who at tacked ■■■■■ him, 426. His : farther eonqueits, and return to Samarkand, 426, 427. Mi flakes of European wvriters con cerning his: hi Rory, 427. Differences and miiunder {land ings in his family, and one of his grandchildren baftiria- doed, 427, 428. Makes ufe of gunpowder and artillery again ft-'the Georgians,: 429;. Confutation'of Voltaire as to his religion, 429, 430. His manner of .taking cities, 432. His danger from afiaiuhation, 4 3 2 .' Gains the great battle cf Damafeus a®ainft: the fu1 tan o f :Eg v si, ibid. Take3 Damafcus, and exercife? great barbarity there and all over Syria, 433. Takes Bagdad^ End commit's enormous cruel- s ties on the inhabitants of it, 434. His defign again ft Ba- jszet, 434, 435. Marches' againit him, and defeats and cakes him prifoner at the battle of Ancyra, 436—438. Cu rious particulars of the interview between them, arid- his humanity to Bajazet, &c. 439. Conquers Anatolia, and Rains his face dies with barbarity, 440. Demands the rights of the ancient- kaliffs, and commands the Greek ■ emperor, &c. to become tributary to him, ibid. Reftedtion on the com pari Con between Bajazet and: him, 441. His regulations!, ibid. His progrefs in Georgia,: and' inhumanity- to the Chr¡ftians, 434. His cruelty towards the-Geo r- . gians over-ruled by his muftis, ibid.' ■ Rebuilds the .city'of Babylon, ibid. His fcheme for reformation, and puniihment of a celebrated dodfor for extortion, 444- Rebellions again ft him,-ibid. His magnificence in-hunting, 443. His ridiculous jubilee, previ0us to the marrrages of his defeen- bants, 446. Inftance of his profound -hy-pocniyT 44^- His death and characferj' &c. 448, 449. Farther’ particulars concerning him, his peribn, plainnefs, public buildings,Arc. : 449, 450. His defeendants, 450. XibSA'PHERNE.S, a Perfian grandee, concludes a treaty - with Xenophon’s Greeks, who: doubt his fidelity, iii. 13 . - Conducts them' through the wall of Media, ibid, Trea- : cheroufiy cuts off tbs Greek generals and caotsins- 14. TITUS* I VN D F. X. . .^îT-Ü'S,'?-e3Jdefi:--.£on0 and; fucceÎïor vo-fr. • Ye-ipahân--;. t&çv• emperor, his rife, and cnaraâer- before he- arrived' at the ■ . empire, iv. 44.3, 444,. v DifmiiTes Berenice,-and -eoniirms ali .■■ the grants, of.his. predeceiTors, dec. 444. -HisSeverity..agamic-.. ,■ the informers,- ibid. - inihnees .of his .-extraordinary, miid- n.efs and clemency, 445. Repairs- the damages done.-by th e erup ti on of Y elavius, and by : a d readful lire at Home, 446,- His death, and charaRer, ibid. 4 T O G R Q L ,. ion, of ÀTÎlan,Se!jufcfuitan of the Peril an Irak, .. hlftory of aim, v;i. 140, 14 1. -Is killed .by Kutlvk, ger nerai to Takafh, king of Karazm, 141. T.QGRG.L BÉ G .ii..grandiôh-:of!.‘Sejj.ak,!-called,by the Greeks Tangrcpilix and j aider: Beg-,:: his rile, vii. 5, Ô. Ac know- 1 edged love reign of the Sdjuks, ô. His policy, 7.. De clares, in, the csliirs favour.'againft B-afiàiTirï, r a ,, 1.3,w Takes . Bagdad from thé former, 1-3;^• -:-P.aysv-a-nvextraoîdinary-r-:?mark of refpect to the cat iff, 14. -His .fold iers- plunder Bagdad, ibid.. .Declares .himfelf E rn irA l Ghira, and defeats,and’ kills BaiTaifirf 1,5, Is made king of Bagdad. arid.To lie its. , the ..cadi'fPs.- d aughter.- in marnage,-?,:ra-.wriiich -.heis at hriRre- . .. Je5 ed ,b u t after wards fu.ee eed s, th r o u gh th e :add re is of his vizier, 1.3, 16. : Dies before-she, conlummates his- mar riage, 16. 4 , ; , T O L E D O , the Spanifh viceroy o f Naples, his..:excellent con duck, and diipohtions for. the heal th Strength ; conven i- ence, and magnifiencs-of that city, and deieats the-attempts of th e :T urks agai nit: i t.- x. 264. Per fee u tesen e proteftants, and .introduces the inquifition-, which is irrenuo inly o pooled- by the peopl e, 2.66. - Proceeds with fever: ty again it.. the ad - herents of the-prince of Salerno, -and .prepares. to reduce: . the Siennefe, 266, 267. His death, 267. T O.LE1 H A, general of t he .c a It it O m ar i n bis wars : ■ a-gainis the Perfians, his lingular hiftory. vi, 132, T33. : T . T O L 1N , fon o f Ah med t he T u: k, go verr.s Eg y p t. u h der- the califF Mot a med, but renouncing his allegiance, advances . with, an -army agarafb, Antioch, vl. 395.. Becomesvformi- d.iabie to the caiirf, 396.,. His ..death-,:-.399, Great riches., ■ power, .and inagoi5cence439Q,,4o:o.-. TONGUES,, confufion.of, i. 34. :.; : TOTIL-A-, iuceefior of Eraric, king, of the Goths,: defeats. . and gains.gre-at advantages over the Remans, v. 4^.4/ . Re covers Naples, 455. Reduces feveraî cities belonging to . the. Romans, and beheges and [axes Rome by treachery, . but fpares the lives of the inhabitants, whom lie carries sway with him 1 it to L ucarn ; a-,. 45 63 457* He. 1 s.. repu Ifedl from 1 ' '' ' - Tom Rome Ay Toitla, 457, D ifpleaies the Goths by Bik . HI itiCects^ ibid. Rofee-feetrayed to him à. fécond time,' 460. He is d efeated by £ h e; Romans b e fo rev A neon a, and obli ged' ' .to rails. the. liege oi tbit city, ibid. :Hei? overcome bydSGr- fes the Rom a n. general, aid {lain: in an obit mate and: blood v engagement, 46.1, • _ ' 4": T G U L Q K , ' engagement off .that yiol't, between the-comblned Beets of France and Spain and that of the: Ehgilih-: under , the command of "Matthews: and Teftock, xil: -gi as ' : TOVVHAM. T IM U R , el d eft ion of Hoihiîa fticceiToï of - Tutetrmr, 'emperor of the Moguls In 'China, ftibaveriioa to Yantemur his .general, fufpecting him to be his father’s murderer, vü, 3S2. Gonfpïracÿ againit him, and his cruel ■ revenge on his emprefs as a party ih it, 383. Hiitraebons ■ at bis.court, and his' danger from the rebeilion of Chu, : who prevails againft him, 388. De cl i n e o f his affairsy ibidv ? Is driven by Ghu out of Fekieg an^ China, 390. T R A JA N , adopted by the emperor Nerva, who gives him the title of Csefar and German! eus, iv. 461, : Acknovv^ : ¿edged emperor in Germany, and received in Rome with great d e mo nilration s -of joy, 462, 403. Has th e title of ■ ■ Gptimus decreed him, makes many excellent regulations* and redores to thepeople the privilege of creating magiffrates, 463. Defeats the Dacians, forces them to agree to peace* and is the frit who triumphed over them, 465. Enters . Dacia, which he conquers, and reduces to a Roman- :pro- . vince, 466. Confpiracy againft him-defeated, and the ac tors in k banîfhed, 467. His expedition to the Eaft, ibid. Great honours paid him at A n tio c b b y the, E after n p r in ces, 468. Reduces Armenia, and great part o f Mefopotamia and Adiabene, 468, 469. intir-ely reduces Adiabene and Aiiyria, enters Babylon, and makes himfelf maiter of Se— ieucia and Ctebphon, 470. Reduces Arabia Felix, and gives the Parthians a king of their own nation, -471, Is obliged to raife the iiege of Atra, where he narrowly efcàpes being killed, 472.-Ail the conquered nations rA ok fforribim* ibid. His'death, and character, 472, 473. See alfo vi.Agi T R A N S Y L V A N IA , campaign there in the war between the, Germans -and Turks, wherein the former give amazing proofs of valour and diicipisne, under the command of Ve teran i, viii. 303. Affairs there at the time of the TurkiiY ■ war, from 1597 to 1599, lx. 132. T R E A T Y in 1653, between Frederic III. of Denmark: and the Dutch, xii. 437. Another between that prince and the Swedes, which is evaded putfuant to the advice o f Van .Buiningen, I N- .E>-- E X.- ■ .■■■■■B-umingeh, 439.- :-' O f Travandah in. 1704, between Frey - dcric :• IV'. of .lien mark a nd the States. Gen era!,'! 447. A no * : • ther in 1360, between Sweden and_Denmark,46 1 .;’.'An ' ther in 13 9 4 ,a: between: Margaret: queen: of Sweden and- - Denmark, ibid, Another-in' 139 4 ,-between- Sweden and Denmark, See, 464. ' T R E N D ,' council cf, opened in .December;. 3545, x. ¿63. Its proceedings accounted frivolous, and a joggle - between4 the pope and his legates, ibid. -By'reafon cf a-xontagious diftemper, it is' adjourned to Bologna, ibid. vDi£Ferences be- t wee n. ' th e;; pop el and-, th e ■ empero r Charles, and the two. counciisp concerning/ the removal o f it - to Bologna,' 267. Prevails againft the- Bologneie council, ibid. Pope- Pius • IVe 'continues; -and opens, it, wherein his .legates are eppofed hy ithe - French, German, and- dome. Spaniih biihops, 275. Tran fa ¿lion s of it, through - the .* waft: fuperiority of 1 talian feiiLopsafent: thither- by the pope, tend to in ere ale the papal ' authority, 276, Its great partinlity, devotednefs to-.the pope, and dtiTolution, -ibid. Its decrees 'difowned' and rejecied by the proteftants, 277. - T R IP O L I, a fea-port of great importance, fituated on the - Mediterranean, - taken by the Arabs, who thence become 3 maritirhe:power,-;yh.;X33ff;:- Cy f T RXUM VIR A T E ,, Hr ft, between Cat far, G r aiTu a, and. Pom-. peyy iv. 23.5.: Second, c om p o fed of G¿ravius,Antony,and Le pious, a nd: the p foie rip i i on fet on foot by them, 2 81 . TRO M .P, the famous vice-admiral o f: Holland, In -1639 ob tains a fign al v i ciory over the Span i ar d s o f, G ravel in e, tx. 372. D efea ted : by Blake, the E ngiiih ad mi r al, ■ 383. "He-- is oifplaced by the States General, 384. Retro red to his command, and defeats: the Engliih, 385. His feyploits againft the Engliih, 403, 406,:41S. ;.. He is kriled by a mufket-bali in a fea-Hght with the E n g liih 389. ^ . T R O T , or IL IU M , when ce- fo call ed,- and itsTiiuat!on5 &c. ii. 56. Ruinsyo be feenfthere, ibid- ; : T U R E N N E , marihal general of the French forces' in the reign, of Lewis X IV . his exploits land inccehes,xii. 1 7 , : feq> Oppofes the duke o f;Lorra'in, who obliges iiini to aff on the defenii-ve, 19. Saves part of the French army by a Hne : retreat,. *23. Ravages thePaiaimate, and ’.commits -: horrid barbarities there, 35. Killed by a 'cannon-ball In re connoitring a battery near Sultsbach, 35, 36. V 1 U R IN , fiege of it railed by prince Eugene, who forces, the French intrenchments, defeats their army, and enters; the ®ity in triumph, xii, 52, 53= QL ‘ TURKS, r n.: e,v^> T U R K S , their firft invafton of the empire in the reign of Con- ftaniine Mono mach us, v .. 168. ■Conti n-ue their- inroads- into the califf MofiemY _ dominions, who marches Wgainft them, and takes ibme places, vi. 266. O ver-run and ^ra vage the kingdoms of the Eaft,; 507 . . . Takes: a plunder, ana fet fire to Bagdad, and reduce the-inhabitants, to great diftrefs and poverty, ^-08, Defeated by the Cbrifiians^ viiì. xyg-—183. Their great defeat at Carlowitz by prince Tugene, Who alio defeats them before .Belgrade, and takes that place, 327, 328. Balie the fiege of Vienna, with the iois of 60,0co men, ix. 705. Repulfed in Hungary, 108. Defeat the Imperialifts there, i io > ill. Their progrefs under Soleyman, -and taking of Zighct, where- the famous count Serin! is killed in a iaSly, 127. Peace concluded be tween them and the emperor Matthias, to the'.advantage of thè Imperialifisj 139. War. with them and the Hun garians and Germans, which., terminates ■■...in ...the. peace, of : T em efw.ar» 188. C on fecer-acy again ft thembetween the pope, king of "Spain, and the: Venetians,' ,x. 279. Spoils taken from them at the victory over them at Lepanto, .and diftribution of them, 280, 281. .Backward nefs o f the Spa- niards, and antipathy :betwèen thcm and. th e Venetians oblige the latter to conclude a .difad yantageous peace with .. them, 282, 283* . T U R K Y , rebellion there in the reign of Mohammed, which is quelled, and. the authors peni filed with cruel deaths, vili. i8 i, 1S2. TO. SC A N Y , war there between the Florentines and Vero ne ie, in which the latter are defeated, and fue for peace, x. 134— 136. Affairs there in the time of Viiconti, and ■ when the illuftnous family of the Medici began to diftin- guifh them (elves, 147. Renewal gì the war between It and Lombardy, 190, 1.91. W ar there, 2 13 ,2 14 , . . T U T E M AR, emperor of the Moguls in : China, and fucceffor of his brother Hoihila in that empire, murders the wi dow of his predcceffpr, vii. 3S1. . Orders a genera!- hiftory of the Moguls to be coinpofed, and introduces the-regula- , tionof giving the title of emprefs to only one of the em perors wives, 382. His death, ibid. T Y R E , and other places in Paleftuie, taken by the Arabs, vie ■ *34? *35 ; . T f R I f f O S , an Athenian Schoolmalter and poet, being, choien commander or the Spartans., proves of great confequence to th A nation by a wife and moderate conduci, and ' by I:. N D E X. by his poem s r ou fes the m to an imitation': of ' the' virtues : of ■ th dr an cehors, ii .3 çr„ ......

. ■■ : ; ■ '-V. ì ^ À L È NS,’ emperorof the Ê ait, is cppofed by Procopi us, who revolts, but is defeated and put to; death-iby him, v. ; 39,-40. Suppress the revolt of Marcellas, whom he- tor tures to death, with his accomplices, .-,0. Lays waits the country o f the;Goths, and- obliges them to Lue for peace, 41, Orders a deputation of eighty orthodox ecclefiaiiics to be put to death, ibid. Gaufes .'.many innocent perfons to be . jacked and- executed,,.&c. aftbr. the confpiracy of Theodo- tns, 43, Imprudently admits the Goths to fettle in Thrace, and:. cóniequences;cf that event, 44. His death, andicha- .racier,,-.44, 45.. ■ . P : ■ ■ V A L EN T IN I AN , -fucceifor of the emperor Jovian, aiTc- ciates his brother V alene with "him. nr the empire,, v. 34. Divides the empire with ..his .brother,. referving the- We if for himfelf, 35. Raifes his fon Gratian to the Empire, which is invaded by the Pi&s and Scots, &c. who are repulfed, 3Ô. Becomes cruel, b u tenaéls.. leverai excellent, laws, puni£hes unjuft and oppreitive governors and judges, &c. and: defeats the Alemans, ibid. Ravages: the country of the Quad!3 .and is Stuck with deathwhile vehemently threatening to extirpate their nation, 38. »—--— ------—'IIL declared emperor of the: Weft byr ;Theò- 1 doli us, v. 90. Marries Eudoxia, daughter of Theodoxius, and on account thereof yields W eil illyricum to his father- in-law, 9 2,9 3. Concludes a treaty with Attila, 95. Ra- vlfbes the wife of Petrcnius Maximus, who in revenge ■ caufes him to be murdered, 1 00. ■ Writers who nouriih.ed under him* xoi. V A LE R IA N , fuccefTcr of the emperor Æmili art, Lis Origin vanir charadier, iv. 545, 546- The empire invaded on all Xdesi by barbarian3in his reign, 546. He is defeated and taken prlfoner by the Per fans, who treat him with great, indig nity, and after his death expofe'his body in their tempie, ibid. A-violent proiecuror of the Chriitiam, 547. V AL ERIU S AS I AT IC ü S, 2 powerful. native of. Gaul, his; trial, at the mitigation ■ of MeiTalina, the infamous wife of Claudius, iv. 375. His noble defence, and innocency ■ proved, 376. Is unjuilly put to death.,-ibid. . V A N D A LS, their ancient fiate, till their fettling in Spaia and Africa, v. 370, & feq. Their origin, &c. Liferent fet- tiements, and hrfc irruption into the empire, 370, 371. Q_ 2 l Are ■ Âfe repuiTed by M. 'Aiirelius, make: peaGe -with.' the Ramans, ■ and are a fécond lime driven out by AureKan, 371. ;Are ' defeated’ in Gaul by Probus, and in an y of them cut o it: andf taken, ibid. Are allowed by the emperor to fettle in Thrace, and afterwards ravage ieverar proyinces of the em pire, but are at length al m oil w h oit y c u t off, • ; 3 7 2. Again, break into and ravage Gaul, andvare overcome in- federal .battles bv Gonirantine, who obliged them to fue for peace, ibid, Enter Spain with the Suevians and' Alans, and di- .vi de th at countr y amcng them, 3 72, 373* Bdeal H oho- ^ rius's army with great {laughter, 373.. Hiidory of their kings and their exploits, 374, & feq. Are driven out of. Africa, 37g. See Sueves. ■ . \ A SA, G U S T A V U Shis hiitory,- remark able adder fi ties, and difficulties, xiL 480, & feq. Kis fuccefs in conjunction with the Dalecarnans, who devote them1.elves to the' de- itruciion of the Danes, and their character and prog refs, 4 Ö2, 483. He is abandoned by them, and reduced-to the blink of ruin, from which he narrowly efcapes, 484, Is chofen adminifcrator, 485. Marches over the ice in the right, and burns part of the Daniili Seet, 485, 486. Re duces all Sweden, and is chofen king by the fen ate, 486, Takes Stockholm by capitulation, and makes peace-with Frederick, king of Denmark, ibid. Introduces the refor mation, 488. Hi4 difficulties from the miffionary incen diaries and papifts on that oocafion, 489. Oppofition'to him by an impolior, and his determination to abdicate the government, 480, 450. Fully e&abiifhes the proteffiant re ligion, and quells the fedition of the Dalecarlians and WeiF Gothlandersk who favoured popery, 490, 491. Deteffiabie and infernal plot of the Lübeckers, to deflroy him and his chief nobility by gunpowder, dt(covered, and the confpira- ters punvihed, 492. Variance between him - and: Ghriffiiah ill. of Denmark, and his alliance with France, 492. En deavours to promote a match between his fon Eric and Eli sabeth of England, 493. His death, 494. See alio before, n. 424, Sc feq. YE i ENTES, or V E II, defeated by Romulus, and foon af ter make peace with the Romans, iv. 12, 13. Join the FH denates againfi: that people, who twice reduce them, 13. Ravage the Roman territories, defeat their forces, and; plunder their camp, 16. Are repulfed, and conclude a pie ace, 17. Join the Fi denates again ft the Romans, who de feat them with great {laughter, and grant them a truce, 39 . I N- -D\E "X V EIIs the-.capital of the Veientes, befieged sod; taken -by jibe' ' Romans, 'iv. 1 9—-21'. ' VEND OS ME, duke of, -and general of Lewis XIV.. sent by- hitn at the requeft of Philip into Spain, whole affairs he ■■‘.retrieves there, through the hatred of the natives to the . ■'■.'■■srehduke :.GhaTie$$ -xii, 2.go} 29 i-V '■ ■ ■ Noblecpre.ient-m-ade; hrra* by the Snaniih monarch, which, he di.ft.rihsites-.- among;: iris ■; troops, 291. His-death, 292,' _ ' ■ VENETIANS;;-; their ■■-'exploits. again ft Mohammed, who a.t -■ length gains:-great advantages ovet:. them, vitv- 109, n o. Their campaign agair.i: the Turks, and fucceftes, 254. :.2:55^. Their ftu rt h e r;, op erations again ft them, after their reduc- ■ tipn of the Mores, 291 . Take.the ifiand of Khios, 290,300. ■ Agree' to attsck Smyrna,., but withdraw' from it on - a re.~ ; mohftrance of the confcls . reiidihg ■ there,; 200. ... Go.nfede- r racy brought about -be-tween: them1 and the Genoefe -.againit '~;F-rederic , who had at ta e ked t h e I talia a-.fta tes, x, ¿gq... Are ■' obliged ■; to-.raife -■ the fiege-:ofConft an cino.ple, -.-and fallftputr - wltb: their allies the: Genoefey ibid. Codnieradi Abe;,league-. of Cambray, .formed; agaii’.f: them between pope Julius ii. - -and the French, See. 22S. T'heir haugh:inefc, and fuccefs again ft the 1 mperialills, 22a.; ; Apply for ad;ftanee' to the king of England'without effect, 230. Gain fvveral advan tages over their enemies ; but iofe Padua, which they re cover by ftratagem, 231. : The pope being reconciled to them, and the confederatesftdliuniting,; they :recover their affairs,■ 23r, 232. V E N IC E , dangerous con (piracy fo r m e daga inil i t by the duke of O flu 11 a, the - governor of ' Mil an, and 1 th e m arqu is 0 f Bed mar, the Spaniih- ambaflador there, x. 313. D ifcovered. by the remorfe of JalTier, a Provençal, ibid. £c xii. 256. ... V E RN O N, the Englifti 2enniral, ■ ■ takes Porto Bello, a it.rp.rig fea-port-town of the Spaniards, wuih feven fliips onlyy xii. 306, 307, Hi s. farther operation s : there, and rep uife ■ at Ca r - thagena, 307, & feq. ;■ . ""'jvV :ç 1 Vft'ft, V E R Ü S -, L Ü CIU S, d eclared by Aurel ins his partner i n the empire, iv. 489. Abandons himfelf to lewdnefc.and pleafures, 490, ; Has the title of Conqueror of the Parthians bellowed upon him, though at Antioch when; his army; de feated them, 491. His death, 492. . . / . ; . V ESPA SIA N , the Roman genera], Cent by Nero with an army into Judea, 1.5 4 1. Is joined by hk ion Titus, who takes Jotapa by aifauk, ibid. Ravages Iduroæa, 344. .. Has the condudl of the Jewifh war committed to- bhm, and is phoicn emperor in oppoilncn to Vit-eiilus, 545, Iks cle- Q. 3 * ■ m-ency;- — I /N- :D' Z-. ;X.\ / '■ mency, .towards'the Jews, and their obfiinacy>and-cruelty, 546. Attempt's in:vain: to Lavethe templewhich is, taken ' and burnt, 548,:. Rliks.the fancbnary, ib id,.,.. Abandons. ; ■ the city to the :foldiers,-who bur 11 it,-- and m afíac re the ,: Jews, 549.- Razes the ñity to the ground,. and. feeds tears at its dreadful .defolation, 550. : ■ Orders the,Jewifii lands :-to. i be fold for hisufe, and commands the fancxuary-tribute to be paid into his treafury, 550, 551 -, ;ls faid to. have extir pated the ;ho.ufe;,of;:j:udd^ J e w s . Is ' . : declared empero r,and ■ fue ceño r ' of - V itellius ; and d read ful - confuno n i n, R o m e,to make :wa yfor his aceeifion, iv » 432, ...433,- Declared emperor by the tenate, 4.33. Remarkable .. Rory of his euring kwo men; lame and b lin d -434. Is re ceived at Same -with univerM joy, ibid. His triumph, With ..that of his ion T it u s o ver the Jews, 436..., Applies hitnfeîf -to the regulation of the fíate, difcipllne, &c. em- - belli&es the city, and rebuilds the capita], 4.3ÍR437, : R e pairs the highways, and fettles the provinces,-,.437. 1 Re duces Comagena, Greece, See. to Roman provinces, 438’. His illnefs, death',, and excellent character, 440—-443. ' V E SU V 1US, m o un t, accoun t of a d read? ttl eruption there, ■ which defolates Campania, and lays v/ aftethe -country, iv. 445. Theelder Pliny fufíocatéd by it, 446.- V E T ER A N IQ, general of the Rom an foot i n Pannonia, af- fumes the title of Auguflus.,.. and joins Gonflant!us the then emperor, v.. 7. He is depofed-by the foldiery, has a fuitable allowance made him by the emperor, and fpends thé re- , raalnder of his days In retirement, .8- V IE N N A , Legs of it, agreed upon by the Turks about the year 16S3, yrii, 239* Relation of it, and ill fuccefs of the behegers, 240, .24 i. Raifed by the Icing of Poland; and the Germans, who defeat the: enemy, and put: them, to fiíght, 242, ¿t feq. V IG O , a fea-port in Spain, fuccefs of the Engliih there, by deflroying t h e Span iih - gal 1 eon s, 'xii. 283. ¥ IN D EX , JU LIU S,, governor of Gel tic Gaul, refolying to ' free his country from the bloody tyranny of Nero, revolts from bins, who -appears u naife Red at the news, iv. 406. ... He is defeated by V irginrus with great daughter, and kills himfeif, 408, v. 310. V IR G IL , filled the prince of the Latin poets, in great dart-, ger of being killed by Arrius, a Roman centurion, who feized his efiate, but eicapes by fwinaming crofs a river, iv. 289. tur oes to Rome, where his extraordinary talents re- ' commending him. to Maecenas and Afmlus PoHio, he gains 5 reputation : I N ' D E X»- ■- - ■ reputation and advancement, ibid'.' His death, 31^. Orders, ^ by his will, his. JTnèid- to be burnt, which is prefefved by., Auguftus, 316.; V IR G ÌN IU Sy t . R U i'U S , : governor ■ y nd e nN e r o -In Upper : Germany;:: defeats Viridex, iv. 408. VISIGO TH S,: . defeated : by : the Tranks under -Clovis,' ; -who I take,;; great' part of- their territories from-them,' v, .gcfgr - See v G oths. \ V IT E L L iU S ,: made emperor by thefol diets, after thè death o fG th o , and begins his reign wkh.a-n aft of juft Teveri tyy iv. 424. Gives a loofe to viee andcruelty, ibic,; He enters Rome in- a; ri otous m anner, and is ft altered by : the- fen ate, 424^; 425.'1 Readers himfeif odious to :he people1 by bis ar bitrary proceedings,- and facrinces to the manes o f. Ner-o, 425. Riotous beh avionr of his fold! ers, and his enormou5 - extravagance and; luxury, ibid. His cxceilive greed!nefs and -horrid cruelties, 42b. Becomes in fu pportable to - th e country, and 'Occàfionsia" revolt of the legions in the Taft, : and thofe in Moefia and Pannonia, 427. ' His- daft ardì y be haviour on being informed of the defeat of his troops .at - - Cremona, 430. Refolves to reugn the : erri pire, w hick- -He is per fuaded to retra£t,. 430, 43 r. He is feized and putto an Ignom inious death, 432., ; ' His deteitsble ch a rafter, ibid. V IT lG T Sf- chpfen ’king . of. the Goths on . the depoiieion of : Theodotus, v. 446: Raifes a powerful army agaìnit ;;Beli- fari us, and invefts Rome, 44;. Kafka the liege of that city- with great lofs, 448. :V Stirs upCofrhoés, king of Per ils, again ft the emperor Juftinian, 45O. - Confers: the-title o f king cn Belifarrus,.,: who; taking Ravenna, fecures the . royal treafure there, feizes his perfon, arid carries him to Couftantinople, where he: dies,-,45.21;, U L AD 1ST AU S, fovereigns and kings of : Poland of that . name, xii. 614, 615, 'T V -f ~------IV . king of Poland, marries /Hedw-iga, : late- foie fovereign of that kingdom, and : abolifhes idolatry from amongft the Lithuanians, xii. 616. His defeat c f the . Teutonic5 knights, and deathv ibidi —...... —------V. fucceeds his father of the fame name in the throne of Poland, and oppofes -Amtirat the Turkiftr em peror, who is forced to rafie the fiege of Belgrade, vim- .8-1. xii: 6i 6. Makes an alliance with the: Turks y but is per-^ funded by the pope’s-legate to violate his faith, 617. Pene trates into Bulgaria, end is killed at the battle of Vernas, ibid. ' 0 - 4 ULADI- V h A.DISL A;US ,;VL king of Poland,, fucceiTor;. of Slgifmund . in 4634,. defeats wheKoriians, :and Tiirk3,. .xik.-62 2. ' Jn- . ft a rices of his v ¡elation s of pub Li e faith , 6 23. Hi s’, death, ■; . ibid.' ■ . U L R IC A , q u ee n of : £ weden,, filter an d- fucceiTo r of Ch ar les :XII. her acceiTion to the throne of that kingdom,contribur tory to the repofe;of Europe, xii. 357. Propofes her hufband, the hereditary prince of Belie, to be king of Sweden, wBaTs- accordingly. ekdled by the. liates, 5,59. 'IjNi^.E'NXTUS'f.faaiQtis'. bull fo called1 (levelled againftthe janfenifts by the pope's party, and ordered to be arri ve rial ly r eceived by the Jeihit-;riddenLe w is. XIV ., a gain ft . the more genera] opinion of his parliament, clergy, and .people.) differences in Prance concerning .11, .xii, 62, 63. UNITED PRO VIN CE S, h 1 ftor y of them,. and' their an - dent conitiiution exemplified in that of Holland, Lx. 296, ■ cz ftq. Their oppofuion to the Spanifh' government, ow ing to fever! ties ufed again ft them in matters of religion, and aderign laid to extirpate civil liberty, and exterminate the proteilahis, 302? 30.3,- More ample continuation, of their hiftory, from; 1384 to 1647, 320, & ieq. Their.rddory carried on from 1609 to. the year 1647, 34.5-— 3.78. Fur ther accounts"of them, from 1647 to 1750, and their wars with the EngUfn and French, &c, during thofe periods, 378-452^ , . . ... V O L T A IR E , the French hiftorian, his opinion concerning Tamerlane’s being a ration anil in religion, confuted, vii. 429, 430. Charged with inattention to the Italian hidorians, in treating of the manners and cuftoms of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, x. 137. y P d A L , in Sweden, archbifnop of, defeats Ca notion, who renounces the crown, xii. 474. Imprifens the bearer of Guftavus VaiVs letter,,and advances with a body of.troops againft him, 484. U RBAN I'l, fucceffor of the ambitious and haughty pope Gregory V II. whom he makes the rule of his conduct and government, particularly in op poring the emperor Henry, x. ■56. Is dihiked by the Romans, and difowned by the king pf England, but prevails over Clement the anti pope, by means of the elevation of Conrade to the throne of Italy, 36,57. Preaches up the rirft crufade to the Holy Land*, and regains the entire poffefrion of Rome, 57. Flis death, ibid. , ~------HI. fucceffor of pope Lucius III. his diiputes with. the emperor Frederic, whom he was about to excommuni- V.. I N - D-;"E x : cats-''.-at- tbs time cf his death,'viii. 45.1—456* Continues- the bifputes Qi his! predeceiior..concerning the fuccefiion of '■ the co’jnteis Matilda, & c. x . 69 U RBAN - IV . fucceifor ■' of' :.-Al ex and e r ■ IV. -in the popedom, his ineffectual cpooiition to Mainfroi, king of Sicily, x, IG4. 105. P uhl ii ass. a c r uiad e agfi n ft a: n d e xc o m m u n i c a te s ■ him,-105.. Infurrediion at Rome agamit him, his Sight to . Clvha Vecchia, and death, ibid. — . V . fucceiTor of pope Innocent V L reforms "the lives a n d d Ifci pi i ne o i c h u rch men, ■ and lets th e m an - exam pie of auitere living, x. 15c. Obliges .Barnabo, of Milan to de li v-er up to him the ecclefiaftical poiTeilions he h e Id in B 0- logna, Modena, and Romagna, and removes from Avig non to Rome, ibid. Is v in ted there by- the queen: of Na ples anti..king of Cyprus, 15 1. Endeavours in vain to re- y ive the el aims of his predeceitors upon ' Bnglahd, - 152, His death,, ibid.' ■-:■■■„ ■ —------VI, fucceifor of - Gregory X I. in the papal fee, begins his reign, without a competitor, but is at length opp 0ied bv the French cardinal3> who fet up Clement VIL again it him, x. 154.. Different nations by whom he was recognized and rejected, ibid. His--haughty carriage In -. cenfes the cardinals of Noeera into a confpiracy againlf him, 157. Publifnes a bull for a jubilee every thirty-third' year, ( CQ- His death, fuppofed by poifon, ibid. ,------Vil.fucceffor of pope Sixtus V, dies on the feventeenth day of his pontificate and before his. inauguration. x, 297. . ------V III. fuccdfor of Gregory X V . in the Roman See, eileemed a poet, ana a patron and benefactor to men of learn ing and genius, x. 311. Grants a d ifpenfation for the marriage of the prince of Wa]es with the princefs Henrie.tta1 Maria, ft fie r to Lewis X i 11. on co nd it i on ■ the Flu go no ts mould hot be benefited by it, 3 1 1, 312. Pub.liflies fev.erai bu 1!3, one for aboliihing the order of female jeiuits, another for co^idernn- . ing the doctrines of Janienius, and a .third for confirming the title of eminence on cardinal .legates, &c. 3x2. L a bours to accommodate matters - between the French -and Spaniards relating to the. Valtoline, ibid. Affairs between him and Charles I. and his endeavours to convert that prince, and introduce popery into the kingdom, 323.. Buys the duchy .of Urbina of the then duke, ibid. His wife conduct with refpect to the difpute concerning the duchy of Mantua between the imperialifts and French, &c. 325. Is fa id to have favoured the emperor, and fu polled him. with money j < I .N- . B. E X.. ¿nosey , %Ju t; grows jealous - of the power and- influence" of KicGiku, .and b rea k s with him,: 32 7. Bxreommunicate s the , 4 dfce: of Parma, 328. Mis troops - conquered 1by’ th at duke, who t ake s fsve r aipla c es vfrom;; him, 329. - An ace om mo d a- tics takey place between. feitn and the duke, who again db” Ida is h is army,. and after1 ie ver ely hu mb! in g and mortifying- him, obiiges fc;iiTs to: -fubmit, and reiign his. preteniions to ;C'difro,..330.- > His death, ibid; ■ IJR IA H tbs Hittite, cauied to he murdered by David, i. 389, J See D a v ib . . - : U T R E C H T , neg.o.ciations for peace there at the clbfe>bf the great war between the feveral European powers/ ix. 227, - 228- Peace there in 17 13 concluded, x ii hr. X JZZiA H , king of Judah, his piety and profperous reign during the life of Zechariah, i. 416. Is fniitten with-le- profy, for infringing .on the prieitly office, by entering the temple to burn incenfe there, 417, His excluiicn from ib- ciety on that account, and death, ibid.

W . - , 7* ALA C R I A, the Heycuks there defeat the pafha of Ana tolia, intercept a reinforcement of 3000 Turks, take the pafha of Buda prifoner, and gain other advantages over the Othmans, viii. r8r. W A LD E M A R i. foie king of Demark, fubdues the inhabi tants of Rofchiid, who rebelled againfi: him, xii. 385. De feats the attempts of the dukes of Pomerania and Saxony, who had confederated with the Danes againfi: him, 387. Joins the duke of Saxony in an invafion of the country of" the Vandals, and afterwards makes' an alliance with :Barba- roiia againii Henry the Lion of Saxony, 387, 388'. Grow ing unpopular, his fubjecb revolt, and throwLim through vexation into a dangerous iicknefs, 388. His death, and great accom pi ifhments, ibid. See alfo before, vol, viii. 447. 452. . ■ ------— II. fucceiTor of Canute V i. king of Denmark, accounted a great warrior'and le'giilator, xii. 390. Affiils Swercher king of Sweden a gain it Eric, ibid. AfTociares his fon with him in the government, and is made prifoner by Waldemar, but releafed, 39 1, 392® Difclatms the con dition impoled on him for his ranfom, and invades BoTfbein, where he is defeated by the confederates, 392. Settles the feudal con Pci tut; 011s of his country, but reduces the com mon people to an ahjecl Rate, 393. His death, and charac ter, ibid. . * WALDE- > , XTN W A LD E M A R HE king;, of -Denmark,fiieceiTor of Chrjfi:©- - poer ll . ,'confirms: the privileges :of "kis people, and applies-, himie; f to remove :their naileries, xii 40.1. His conGudtwIthf reipefFto the Bonteiners, 401, 402..: Hxeciites a TidiGulous. p.ilgriinage.to theHcIy Hand, 402;. Reftores-d\is.'ihari^-.4P4*- Conquers Schonen, and raifes an armysgainft-theSwedesp . -who take:. and. plur.d er : C 0pe nhagen , ihi d. . His . extraordi- - nary expedient for breaking a powerful confederacycagainik him, 405,.:, .fHls-.deatb,dbld.,.. f. W A LE S, C H A RLES prince of, and ion of James I. of England, viiks S p a in h is. refpeHful,,reception...there, and difiimoiation of the Spaniih court on that occafiori, &c. xii. 258, 259. ( # ■■■. ' - . W A LID , fucceiTor of Abdolmalec in the throne of the califfs, : his works and,conquests in,;ind 1a, vi. 249. Soccefs of his ■ generals. over the imperial armies commanded by "Theodore and Theophilactus, 250. Co neurit of Spain by Mufa. his general in Africa, 250-—252- Account of his vail: riches,: &c, and magnificent mofque at Daaiafcus, 2.52... Makes great preparations to invade Greece, and fiefiege Gomiiair- tinopie,. ibid. His death, and character, 253. • ' »—-—— II. fucceiTor of Heihain, califif of the Arab s, i n ’the califat, infurreclion againil him, which; is fuppreited,f;vi, 274. His profligate and diiFolute p inciples and conducl, ibid- Acquir es popclarity by his a.rtfuI ineaihres, and perfecutes the. Chriilians, th.ough no lefs, an ..eoemy to . Ma- bonietaniun, 275. His frierHfinip courted by.,the .-Greeks^ ibid. His egregious views induce his ¿'objects to reiolve to depofe him, ibid. His people take up,arms again.il,,'defeat . and kill him,. 27^.. His choraaer, ibid. W AL L E N ST E IN , general- of .the Imperial! fis, created; duke of .Mecklenburg, ix. 156. The emperor lerdinand is ob liged by the el colors at the die O a t Ratlin o n to ml fm I fs hi m. from his conimand, 157. Is attacked by Gulira v,us, ' wno is killed in that engagement, 463-. Defeats the. Swedes in -Sliefia, and-takes. Frankfort on the. Oder., 165.. Endea vours to render him id f independent of the emperor: and empire^ and is: accufed of in id I e no e ,a ’/a ri ce, and t yr 2 n n y, ibid.1 Is put to the bar, of the empire, and is afterwards aiiidHnated by the procurement of the emperor, in a moil infamous manner, and in breach of the laws of hoipitalicy5 166. W A R , a new. one between England and Spain (17:37)- In. which France is engaged, xii. 7&. In. Portugal, 2S4, New one in Europe (1734.) 304» Continuation of that with England • ■ ' i';- N D E ' X. ■' ' -4 England and;- Spain,- 30.7» 'Declared ; (in ' 1762) between Spain and Great Britain.,' 319. In Portugal,-: where the' ■ Spaniards are defeated- by' the Engli-Ìh under’ ecunt-de.Lippe-, i 320V - Between Sweden andyDenmarlc, 404, Between ■ -Sweden and':-DfeH:si-ark'-';-:m----the- time of Ghaiies Qufcavus wndyFrederic' I I if of Denmark, 438, & feq. Renewed, - 44S.' '-Between1 ■■ ■ Denmark ana Sweden (in -1454} in' the reigns of Canutfon o T ©e n rn a r k and Chriitiern of Sweden, 47 Gv In-Pomerania (in 3759:) by the PruiSan general ■ -Manife'dSei-' again it "trie" Swedes, ■ 567.-' Retween-'-RniRa* and ' ■ ■ Pó!and':{m':'ì'57;8)' 6 c. Ikencwa) of it, 621. -With the - Turks ■ { in 1620) ■ whofeimmerifeAróops are Bravely'oppofed and defeated -by Uladlilaus king of Poland-vy-i-tb great.fiatigh- ■■ ter, and forced to a peace, 622. ' ' c . ■ -\ WENCBSLAU'S, fon : of Charles, emperor of Germany, ' chafen king of the Romans at the age of Biteen years, ix. '41, Hi s.' acce ikon to the e m pi re,. 43 .--His imp fuden: co n- ■ duci, rapacity, prcHigacy, and debauchery, 43, 44. -'-De generates from tyranny to fen zy , and ÌS* confined by ; his brother Sigifrhimd king iof Hungary, but: e'eapes from :a. window of ills- pnion, and'-rcinmes the - government^,-45* "His- màrria2,é-- with Sophia, daughter of Stephen : duke of li';-varie, and extravagant behaviour, dec. 46. Is depoied, ibid. ReHecficns orf his depofition, 4,7. . . W EST PH A LIA , campaign there (ini the year 1756) be- ' tween the French, En gl i ill, a n d Pr uiha ns, and par tic uharly . ;between the French generals Soubife sudi d’Etrees and Tie duke of Cumberland, 96. W ILLIAM ,- fucceifor oPRoger-II.' duke of Apulia, quarrels with pope Hadrian, "whom.- he befteges: in Benevento, and obliges to agree to a treaty on his -own-terras, 64. - Aban dons btmfelf to indolence, and governs by his rr.iniffers, 66. His death, and bequeil of 40,000 !. fierling to 'pope Alexander, ibid. ■' W IT C H of E N B O R raifes up Samuel, who for et els. the death of Saul and his Tons, i . -383.. Conjectures1 eoncermng the apparition, 383, 3S4* note; See Sa u l . W 1T IK IN and Albion. two Saxon chiefs, ©omits to Charles the Great, emperor of the W eil, and butcher their country men, vili. 3Ó0. W O LFE , commander of the Britifh land-forces in the ex pedition againil Quebec, his difficulties and difappointments there, xii, 1 10. Is kilied at the inifaht of defeating the French army' there, after a brave and active conduct, i n . WOLG. - "5T r-::'N '' DC ■oil, WOEQDEMIR, the /.firR/pninee o f E - can. be depended upon, xii. 569. At -hisdeath leaves his i m men fe dorrs in ion s am ongfir his twel v e ions, w ho,, .except' -one,, cut each, others, throats,.ibid.

R . X. • ■ . . V - ■ ne.AU'nnh-ih A N T IPFH S, a Eacedmmoni a no f great .bravery .and milD : tary iklll,: arrives at/ Gartriage with. -tbe command of ■ a . body of mercenaries,liii.rS4:. The Carthaginians-foliaw;his counfels, who intirely . defeats, Regu 1 u s ■ witn great liaugiuer of the Romans, .and, takes him prifoner, /1.B4: . Treache rous and ungratefulcondikh of the Carthaginians, toward a- him, 185. iv. 185. -;r ^ v" . -ri.. XEN O PH O N , a .celebrated Greek ccrumandey,account:: of.the iurprifing retreat of the 1 0,000 Greeks- under his: conduft, ill; 12, & feq. He is declared'general with ; four Others, after the treacherous, murder of the Greek comm and erst by:: the Perfians, 14. R e p u I Ces. t he vP e r ii a d s, wh o begint o h a - rafs him in bis march, 15. Drives the cowardly Per firms/ from a ftroug pcir, and obtains the app!2 uie;,of ;the :army by bis readineis to Glare the common fatigue, where taxed by a Sicvonian with the love of eafe ohiidnehack, 17- Dif fers with Cheirifophus for his ungrateful behaviour to their guide, 20. His wife, prudent, andmioderaie.behiyidu:r-ti>----- wards the Byzantines, whofe governor he tmakesr their friend, 25, 26. Part -of his army diiperfes, and,;he enters' into the. fervice of Scathes, king of Thrace, who/bre-aks- his faith with him ,26. Joins Lam places the Paced ¡cm 0- nian, and is reduced to poverty, ibid,.. After being baniihed from Athens, and ferving fome time under the famed Age- iilaus, king of Sparta, by whom he was treated with great marks of eileera and friend Snip, he retires to a private iife, 27. See alfo ii. 169- . f X E R X E S , king of Peril a, confirms the privileges granted to the Jews, who are faid to have aihfted him: in his grand. but. imiuccefsful expedition againG Greece, i. 434. /Declared heir to the crown of Perils, and Succeeds Darius, ii. 14S. Reduces Egypt, and propofss to, invade Greece,- ibid. Story of the appafition that appeared to him, pe Tracing him to make war with Greece, and his condudt to his uncle Artabanus, who endeavoured to diffuade him from it, 149. Enters imo an alliance with the Carthaginians, on account of that expedition, 150. Builds a bridge over the-HeilG fpont, which is de a roved by a itorm, and his ridiculous-.aerd impious behaviour on that event, ibid. Arrives at Abydus- witk I "N.-'D'’ E ;XY. . ■ .With atr iift-menfe army,, cn reviewing which' .he.ihe'ds- fears' ■ from -the- -eonfideratloir of their death dntrop years, jy i . His paTage over- the Keiiefpom,- and'- number of his land. - ■ and fea forces, ibid. - His fnamefui indignity to the. Body of the' brave Leon id as, 15 4; Caufes the temple of Apollo to- be plundered and deftroyed, 155. Artemiira endeavour s:,to - difluade .him .from- engaging at fea, lord.: . Defeat of his' army apd. fleet, and his retreat and. d lit refs afterwards, r 56—■ .■ 258f/.vEl'ies;'-with--precipitattom from Sardis, 159. His. m- ceftuous'mvrrgne with his daughter-in-law, and its:fatal . effedts, 15 9 ,16 0 . His diifolute life difgu.iti-ng his fiibjedls, - : heris murdered at the Inftigadon of- Artabanus, ■ captain of ■'■..Ms;':guards,.:r-6i. 5QM ENSS, the famous cardinal, and miniifer and favourite '0 TFer di n an d k.rngt)f Spain, his exploits, and ccnquc-il of. Oran... at his own ex pence, xii. a 28. His modefE behaviour on ms iuccefs, 229. Is appointed regent o f 'Caftiie by the will of Ferdinand,: 2 31. Defeats the fchsmes oftheanobles of Caitiie and Arragon for enflaving the people, &c. 232. His conduit and diinculties in-: other concerns, and his'death, ■ ibid. ■ ' ■ ■ " '■■

- Y. . ^ ' L \ r E L V E , minifter o f O kcay, emperor o f the Moguls. ...his ■ , conduct for the p re fer-va 1 ion o f the people, vn, 335. His good ad vice to his mailer concerning the properufe of bis liberality, which is iirongly oppofed by the- Yartars, 336- His intrepidity in purfuing his falutary meafures, and iuccefs th ere up on, i bid. Good eftedts of the con venation between him and the emprefs, in behalf of the Chinefe rights and privileges, 339. Retires to a private life at K a rakoram, where he dies of a broken hearty341. Y E N T E M U R , general a n d h r ii mi nilt e r of Tutemur, em peror of the Moguls in China, his cruelty, and. inference, vii. 382. Tow ban, the: young emperor, is offended with him, from a fufpicion of his being the murderer of his fa ther, but marries his daughter Peyaw, afterwards emprefs, ibid. His death, ibid. YERM G U IC, obitin ate .battle of, between the Arabs and the Greeks, and the brave behaviour or the Arabwcmen.- thereat, v. 115 , 11&. Gained by the Arabs, with prodi gious Jofs to the Chriitians, j 1 6. Y E S UN T IM U R , luce offer of Shotepala, emperor of the Moguls in China, puts to death his predecdTorsmurderers, and applies him ft if to-- tbs d vd affairs of govern men t, vii. l i N . D■ E.. X. . ■ 37S. Orders his mandarins to draw .up a.memorial for his- ■ r -fé on. t h e affairs .of. government, which is. couched' -m.'h'pìd terms, 375* Suppreifes the -infoleiice o f . the ,kmas,7anff orders the Mahometan merchants to. repay-to the people the money 'extorted /rGm.;them3 lhid,: His death,'and eha- ; racier, 380. ^ YÉZÌD ,. declared fuccefior of Moawiyah, califfof the- Arabs, which is oppofed by the Moderns,.. vi... ig8 . . Accounted -s j ?. .military mart, 194. Succeeds'his father' in .the-.califat, be ing the" fourth t-aliff from Mahomet, and the frecond- of the- houfe- of Ommiyah,- igg. His laconic letter : agaiuff Ab- : dalkh, who efcapes from him ; to Mecca, 2 00. Reflecfroa on his government, 201. Confpiracy againft him at .Gufa, in favour of Ho fern, who ; is deluded; an d; intercepted tn his march towards Gufa, 202—204. His geherofity to Ho fei if-s family, 208. The Arabs oppofe himj and declare- agai-ntthis government, 213... Sends an army .againft. The rebels, 214. His. death, and character, 215. *

■ Z, * , - - ^t EALOTS, a-mongff the. Jews, : i heir orueIties; and’ error mi-- ties, L 542, feq. ; See jE W S. f ZEBA and Zffmunn2,kings of the Midianites, ikin by-Gi deon, i. 367- See:-.Gideon-,. ■ . v - Z E B U L U N , one e fth e tribes of lira el, its - lot in the' pro- mtfed land? Ì- 277, , Z E D E K lA H , made king o f Ju dah - -by Nebuchadnezzar, u 427* Revo!ring from him',, he takes-him-prifoner, putsout his eyes, and flays his f© ns, 428, 429, -Dies in pr ifon at ... Babylon, 429, Z E N K I, atabek of the Arabian Irak, or king; of Bag dad, his ambition, and exploits, agaiiiff the califf, vii, 72.. He is defeated, and afterwards makes peace with- the califfi 73. His power, fucceffes, and treacherous conduct, 77, Takes Edeffa from the CHriffians aadbeiieges Bir, which, he is obliged to abandon, ibid, Is murdered, and fucceededf by his fon Nureddin, 7IÌ. ZEN O BIA , fliled queen of the Eafr, Overcomes Probus, re duces Egypt, and takes and deflroys Bruchium, the citadel of Alexandria, i.v. 553. The emperor Aurelian marches againil: her, 555. Account of her, and of her valour and great experi ence in military affairs, 555, 55b, She is twice defeated by Aurelian, and flies to Palmyra, where fhe is befisged- by him, 556. She is taken and brought to Aurtiian, to whom ihe makes a noble fpeecha and is (pared by him, with her ■ v " youngeir v yotmgefc fon, Ibid-,:. Is- afterwards treated with great'fed- ' y-manity by the - emperor, and has poffeitrons granted her for : herniairitenance, 557. Her beicerxhnts, and thefe■ of Te- trieds, live'for fonxe ages-after in great fpiendor Ihf|t£jy ' bed'Rome, where they are highly refpedted and'efteemed^ib» Z E f AD, A lfsgovernor of perfia,. hi.Sory of him., vi. icz.:. His' conduct, for preventing robberies and' murders in the night-time,at Bafra, -184, He is made “governor of feveral provinces "by' Moawiyab, ibid. ' His unjuif feyerity toward3 a,religious man/at.'Cufa, 186/ Puts Bejer-■ to"death' for;; in fix 1 ting hnd difobeying him, 187. Anether inftane.e-: of his fev.erity' to a .{hephexd, :i88. Is made governor o f Arabia, . and preiTes the abjuration of AliVfamily, 1:88, i8g, Re markable circurnixanoes attending.::::his death, 189». His cruelty, and that of Samrah his'deputy, ibid. Z iB A , ire ward t o M eph ib o£h e th ,S auP s ion, by a falfeaceu- ■ fit-ion.- of him to Bay id, procures his eftate,' i. 391 „ See M epkieosheth . Z IM R l, murders Elan, and feizes the kingdom of Xffael, i. 405. Burns himfelf in the palace, ibid. Z iO N fcityo fj taken by David,, i. 147. ' ZIS.KA, chief of the Huilites, his exploits, and fuccefs againii: the. Imperialills, ix. 56» Drives Albert' of Aeitrm out of Moravia, and after defeating Corebut, whonr he ■ forced to renounce the crown of Bohemia, he makes a tri- iimphant entry, into Prague, 57, .His death, and whimiical order to his followers to make a.drum of his iklnj ibid. Z B S K A , fucceffor of Demetrius, czar of Ruifta, xix, 580. Js depofed and put to death, 5S1.