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The Creation and Success of a Gay Community in Madrid, Spain

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The Creation and Success of a Gay Community in Madrid, Spain Perimeters, Performances and Perversity: The Creation and Success of a Gay Community in Madrid, Spain Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Adams-Thies, Brian Luke Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 06/10/2021 11:05:12 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194419 PERIMETERS, PERFORMANCES AND PERVERSITY: THE CREATION AND SUCCESS OF A GAY COMMUNITY IN MADRID, SPAIN by Brian L. Adams-Thies _____________________ Copyright © Brian L. Adams-Thies 2007 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2007 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Brian Luke Adams-Thies entitled Perimeters, Performances and Perversity: The Creation and Success of a Gay Community in Madrid, Spain and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________ Date: April 24, 2007 Dr. Norma Mendoza-Denton ______________________________________________________________________ Date: April 24, 2007 Dr. Jane Hill ______________________________________________________________________ Date: April 24, 2007 Dr. Linda Green ______________________________________________________________________ Date: April 24, 2007 Dr. David Ortiz, Jr. Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ________________________________________________ Date: April 24, 2007 Dissertation Director: Dr. Norma Mendoza-Denton 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: Brian Luke Adams-Thies 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I would like to thank my Dissertation Director, Norma Mendoza- Denton for believing in me and this topic even when I doubted. Her faith in my abilities and the importance of this research helped more than she will ever know. I would also like to thank David Ortiz, Jr. for his amazing comments and knowledge of Spain. Thank you to Jane Hill who came on board late in the game and offered valuable insights and criticism. Finally, thank you to Linda Green who has always pushed me to be a better ethnographer. I would like to thank my family for always being there to encourage me, to pick up the pieces when everything seemed to be falling apart, and always, always teaching me to ask questions. More specifically, thanks to my mother for always being there and always encouraging me to be strong, curious and true to myself. Thanks to my father for creating in me the ability to theorize and argue (even if I had no idea what I was arguing). Thanks to Donna for her loving support and understanding. Finally, thanks to my siblings who never failed to remind me who exactly I am and that Wyoming in is in our blood. I would also like to thank the many men and women in Madrid who were so very open about their lives and views. Thank you to my roommates in Chueca who suffered through hours of dissertation writing and were always there to help me escape. Thank you to those students of English who put up with discussions and questions about my dissertation topic and freely provided me with opinions and insights. I would also like to thank Pembroke Educational Consultants (Belén, Eva, and David) who took a chance on me by giving me a job and who provided the financial support I needed to stay in Madrid for the duration of three years. The Spanish pride themselves on being very friendly and inclusive. However, I was to find these qualities were quite rare and existed more in lip-service than actual lived experience. Therefore, thank you to all of those who invited me into your lives, your homes, and your heads and who offered friendship and support along the way. Specifically, I would like to thank Conchi and Manolo; and Susana and Eduardo. You all helped me understand the true Spanish meaning of friends, love and support through a difficult process. Finally, I would like to thank the following funding agencies who provided me with the funds to begin this study and get my feet on the ground in Madrid. Your votes of confidence helped me believe in a future for GLBT researchers and topics at a time when all seemed hopeless. Thanks to: The Program for Cultural Cooperation Between Spain´s Ministry of Culture and United States´ Universities; The Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality; The Upjohn-Sterns Award at the University of Arizona; and The Edward Spicer Graduate Student Award at the University of Arizona. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT………………………………………………………..………………8 I. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………….....9 Experiences of Global Confusion…………………………………………..9 Purpose……………………………………………………………………15 Framing the Inquiry……………………………………………………….16 Anthropological Methodology/Writing Anthropology And Their Issues…………………………………………………..32 Historical Methodology and Its Issues……………………………………45 Chapter Summary…………………………………………………………49 II. HISTORICAL MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS OF CHUECA………………51 A Little Earlier Than Franco: A Short Outline of Chueca’s Pre-Franco History………………………………………………...61 Chueca After the Death of Franco (1976-1988): Drugs, Prostitutes and Rock & Roll……………………………….82 Defining and Fighting for Space (1988-1998): Drag Queens and Revelers to the Front…………………………...94 Lauding of Chueca (1998-2006): We’re Here, We’re Queer and We’re Fabulous………………….108 Gay Press and Chueca (1998-2006)……………………………………...125 III. GLOBAL GAYS…………………………………………………………....139 Global Capitalist Pleasures in the Street: Fashion, Bodies and Icons………………………………………..151 Global Linguistic Pleasures………………………………………………166 Sex, Saunas and Spanish Gender Ideology: Further Reflections on Modernity………………………………..173 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS – CONTINUED Why Does Anything Go?: Sexual Modernity in Spain……………………………………….194 The Approbation of Gay Marriage: Imagined Modernity in a Globalized World……………………..203 Tradition Bad/Modern Good – Modern Bad/Tradition Good: Gay Marriage Arguments………………………………………...206 IV. CLOSETS, COMMUNITIES AND CIRCUSES……………………………222 The Urban Closet: Rethinking ‘Closets’………………………………….225 First-Timers, Boundaries and Borders……………………………………235 Never Coming Out: Chuequiperras ………………………………………253 Just Say No to Chueca: Political Gays Speak Out……………………….260 Discussion: Homo-Hegemony………………………………………………...266 Welcome to the Circus: Fiesta and Daily Life in Chueca………………………………….271 Performers and Observers: Gay Men in Chueca………………………………………………281 The Visible Yet Invisible: Heterosexual Audience in Chueca………………………………..299 Going Crazy and Seeing Freakies: Heterosexual Women……………………………………………..303 Not Without My Skirt: Heterosexual Men………………………………………………...312 Chueca as ‘Other’: Interzones of Queerness…………………………………………..317 Discussion: Liminality and the Reification of ‘Normal’………………………323 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS – CONTINUED V. SYMBOLIC ECONOMIES OF SEX AND BELONGING…………………331 Together Forever: Spanish Ideologies of Group……………………………………..342 Migrating to Madrid: Re-Creating Group in Chueca……………………………………352 Moving-In with Family: ‘Traditional’ Migration to the City……………………………….361 Growing Up in Madrid: Chueca is Always There………………………………………….369 ‘Sex is Just a Game’ or Is It?: Sex Establishments……………………………………………….377 The Political Economy of On-Site Sex…………………………………...389 Not-So-Anonymous Encounters: Sex On-Site vs. Cruising………………………………………….396 ‘Supermarkets for Sex’ or ‘A Place to Feel Included’…………………...405 Discussion: Chueca as Diversion………………………………………………426 VI. CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………...430 Urban Anthropology: Fleeting Moments in Diversionary Space………………………...431 Exploring Intimacy: Anthropological Methods in Postmodern Urban Spain…………..440 Lessons from Spain: How Did They Do That?................................................................443 VII. WORKS CITED……………………………………………………………452 8 ABSTRACT This dissertation utilizes the gay neighborhood of Chueca as the foci for understanding the rise of public gay identity in Madrid and Spain. By “reading” the urban space and coupling that reading with information gathered from ethnographic and historical methodologies, my work sheds light on the role of globalization in sexual identity, draws connections between changes in socio-political circumstances and the rise of public gay identity, and explores how gay men understand and use urban spaces in order to engage fluid and fixed sexual subjectivities. This dissertation,
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