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William Dampier Seaman-Scientist

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William Dampier Seaman-Scientist WILLIAM DAMPIER SEAMAN-SCIENTIST Joseph C. Shipman LAWRENCE, KANSAS THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LIBRARIES 1962 UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS Library Scries, 15 UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS Library Series Editor,, JAMES HELYAR 1. University of Kansas: List of Publications. Compiled by Mary Maud Smelser. 1935. available on request 2. University of Kansas Graduate School Theses, 1888-1947. Compiled by Bessie E. Wilder. 1949. Paper, $1.50 3. Two Augustan Booksellers: John Dunton and Edmund Curll, by Peter Murray Hill. 1958. Paper, $1.00 4. New Adventures Among Old Books: An Essay in Eighteenth Century Bibliography, by William B. Todd. 1958. Paper, $1.00 5. Catalogues of Rare Boohs: A Chapter in Bibliographical History, by Archer Taylor. 1958. Paper, $1.50 6. What Kind of a Business Is This? Reminiscences of tlie Book Trade and Book Collectors, by Jacob Zeitlin. 1959. Paper, 50* 7. The Bibliographical Way, by Frcdson Bowers. 1959. Paper, 50* 8. A Bibliography of English Imprints of Denmark, by P. M. Mitchell. 1960. Paper, $2.00 !). On the Burning of His Library and On Medical Travel, by Thomas Bartholin, translated by Charles D. O'Malley. 1961. Paper, $2.25 10. A Bibliography of the Frank E. Melvin Collection of Pamphlets of the French Revolution in the University of Kansas Libraries, by Ambrose Saricks. 1961. 2 vols., paper; the set, $7.50 11. Observations on Paper as Evidence, by Allan H. Stevenson. 1961. Paper, 85* 12. University of Kansas Graduate School Theses, 1948-1958. Compiled by Bessie E. Wilder. 1961. Paper, $2.50 13. Six Variant. Readings in the First Folio of Shakespeare, by Charlton Hinman. 1961. Paper, 50* 14. A Petition Regarding the Conditions in the C.S.M. Prison at Columbia, S.C., Addressed to the Confederate Authorities by Col. John Fraser. Edited by George L. Anderson. 1961. Paper. $1.50 15. William Dumpier: Seaman-Scientist, by Joseph C. Shipman. 1962. Paper, $1.50 The Library Series and other University ot Kansas Publications are offered to learned societies, colleges and universities and other institutions in ex• change for similar publications. All communications regarding exchange should be addressed to the Exchange Librarian, University of Kansas Li• braries, Lawrence, Kansas. Communications regarding sales, reviews, and forthcoming publications in the Library Series should be addressed to the Editor of Library Publications, University of Kansas Libraries, Lawrence, Kansas. New Voyage ROUND THE WORLD. Pefcribing particularly, The Ißhmus of America, fcveral Coails and Iflands in the Weß Indict , the Ifles of Cape Verd, the Paflage by Terra del Fuego, the South Sea Coaus of Chili, Peru, and Mexico ; thelfleof Guam one of the Ladrones, Mindanao, aiid other Philippine and JW7<* Iflands near Cambodia^ China, Formofi, Luconia, Ce lebet, &c. New Holland, Sumatra, Nicobar lfle6 5 the Cape of and Santa Hellen*. THEIR Soil, Rivers, Harbours, Plants, Fruits, Ani• mals, and Inhabitants. THEIR Cuftoms, Religion, Government Trade, &c. By William J)ampier, Illuftrated with Particular Maps and Draughts. LONDON, Printed for y ames Knapton, at the Crown in St Paul s Churcli-vard. .vtDCXCVII. WILLIAM DAMPIER SEAMAN'SCIENTIST Joseph C. Shipman LAWRENCE, KANSAS THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LIBRARIES 1962 THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS LIBRARY SERIES NUMBER 15 PRICE: $1.50 ©COPYRIGHT 1962 BY THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LIBRARIES Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 62-63442 PRINTED IN LAWRENCE, KANSAS, U.S.A. BY THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PRESS Mr. Smallbone would not have described the hurricance if it had not been for a remarkable seaman-scientist named. William Dampicr, the first man since Columbus eager to know the natural curiosities of the Caribbean ivorld. He was a large-nosed, lean, quiet, keen-eyed man, an excellent navigator, a careful and accurate scientist. He was also a pirate. —MARJORY STONEMAN DOUGLAS THE NAME OF William Dampier, when it is recognized today, evokes the romantic image of a buccaneer captain and the treasures of the Spanish Main—much as it did at the turn of the 17th century. Yet Dampier did not com• mand a ship until late in life, and then was promptly court-martialed for his deficiencies as a ship's captain. A lifetime spent among the buccaneers brought him finan• cial reward only twice: once, after a two-year stay among the log-cutters of Campeachy, when he found himself with sufficient means to return to England, where he took a wife and bought a small estate in Dorsetshire; and a sec• ond time, toward the end of his life, when he served as pilot to Captain Woodes Rogers on an eminently success• ful privateering cruise, which culminated in the capture of the famed Manila-Acapulco galleon. This expedition produced spoils amounting to £200,000, but, dogged by ill-luck as ever, Dampier died before the rewards were distributed. However, it may well be that on the strength of the promise of a substantial return from the loot Dam• pier obtained enough from the moneylenders to make his last years comfortable. Dampier's name is frequently mentioned in the com• pany of such celebrated English buccaneers as John Cox- on, Sawkins, Sharp, Watling, John Cook, Swan, Town- ley, the great Captain Edward Davis, and Woodes Rogers —but it does not belong there. He was not, like some of them, a veteran commander nor, like others among them, a great leader. He was not even a great buccaneering personality, for few of his literate shipmates ever men• tioned him until it became convenient or even profitable for them to do so after 1697. Yet in his own time he was variously labeled as "the famous Captain Dampier" and "the terrible Captain Dampier", and even Woodes Rogers reported that the name of Dampier was sufficient to strike terror into the hearts of all Spaniards in the West Indies. Since Rogers himself was at that time producing a fair amount of justi• fiable consternation with his two privateers, the Duke and Duchess, in that very part of the world, his comment sounds almost envious. It was a book first published in 1697 which estab• lished Dampier's reputation, both real and imaginary. This was his own A New Voyage round the World, which became a sensational success and ran through four edi• tions in two years. It was followed by a second volume in 1699, fulfilling the promise made by Dampier in his first work that he would "publish hereafter by itself, an Ap• pendix," which if included in the first volume "would have swelled it too unreasonably." These two volumes were succeeded in 1703 and 1709 by the two parts of his A Voyage to New-Holland, a voyage on which he had been in command of H.M.S. Roebuck. Oddly enough, another work, in which Dampier had no hand—W. Fun- 2 nell's A Voyage round the World (London, 1707)—was often combined with Dampier's three books, in a set com• monly described as "Dampier's Works in Four Volumes". Funnell, who claimed to be Dampier's first mate but whom Dampier maintains to have been merely his stew• ard, wrote the only work which deals with another voyage undertaken in 1703 aboard the two privateers, the St. George and the Cinque Ports, under Captain Dampier's command. This was, to say the least, an unfriendly book, and Dampier later published a Vindication of his Voyage (London, 1707), in which he attempted, apparently with little success, to refute and counteract Funnell's criti• cisms of his character and his behavior. Seven editions of his works appeared before 1727; the two books of voyages were soon translated into Dutch, German, and French, and reissues or facsimile editions of the original English publication appeared frequently, one as recently as 1936. Biographies and biographical sketches of Dampier continue to appear, many of them depending for their effectiveness upon long quotations from Dampier's own works. He is constantly being re• discovered, particularly by meteorologists, botanists and zoologists, who proceed to write a letter to the editor of a popular scientific journal, announcing the rediscovery, or compose a short sketch of Dampier for publication, in which they demonstrate the significance of his early ob• servations in their particular disciplines. That Dampier's book became an immediate best• seller upon its publication in 1697 is less significant than the fact that, because of it, members of the Royal Society sought him out and befriended him. Dampier had ap• propriately, though somewhat apologetically, dedicated 3 his first work to Charles Montague, President of the Royal Society. Montague promptly introduced him to some of the leading scientists of the day: to Sir Hans Sloane and Robert Southwell, as well as to the Earl of Orford, First Lord of the Admiralty. Within a few months he had received a sinecure in the Customs Office and was sitting for the portrait by Thomas Murray which now hangs in the National Portrait Gallery in London. A New Voyage round the World was not essentially a book of adventures or a travel book. It was too im• personal, too objective and too lacking in the customary braggadocio and exaggeration to qualify as a popular history of buccaneering exploits. Dampier's contempo• raries in the Royal Society recognized the book for what it really was: a factual, talented, and richly detailed ac• count of people, places, things, plants, fishes, reptiles, birds and mammals: most of them strange and many of them new. At that time the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society were still filled with tales of marvels and curiosities, together with an occasional report of use• ful or significant observations. Dampier's book showed qualities of style, credibility and originality much above the average of these contributions.
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