DOCSLIB.ORG

From the Evidence Avail- Able, We May Conclude That the Medals Under Consid- Eration Were the Exclusive Prerogative of the Reigning Monarch

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
From the Evidence Avail- Able, We May Conclude That the Medals Under Consid- Eration Were the Exclusive Prerogative of the Reigning Monarch The Orders and Medals Society of America There may well be other surviving representations _. of royal "medals" from the monuments of other and later reigns. However, none have been located so far. Certainly, no actual specimens have been recovered by archaeol- ogists to date. From the evidence avail- able, we may conclude that the medals under consid- eration were the exclusive prerogative of the reigning monarch. Not even the highest Assyrian civil or military officials, much less commoners, are ever shown wearing them. These medals were part of the royal regalia, and they therefore served, in a sense, as badges of rank. The evidence further sug- gests that the Kings of Assyria, who were earthly representatives of the gods, invariably wore their royal "medals" during solemn religious ceremonies at which they officiated in person. There is, however, no reason to suppose that the rulers did not don Stele of King Shamshi-Adad V these medals during their (r. 823-811 BCE), from Nimrud. frequent military cam- Now in the British Museum, paigns as well. Room 26, No. WAl18892. 40 The Medal Collector Volume 47, Number 5 In short, the royal "medals" of the Kings of the New Assyrian Empire were sacred emblems, intended "to ensure the protection of the divine powers that they represented.7 When worn on the royal person, such symbols served as potent amulets, capable of shielding the King from harm in both war and peace. Consequently, these decorations may be defined as "holy medals," whose function was not dissimilar to that of those "holy medals" with which His Most Christian Majesty, King Louis XI (r. 1461-1483 AD.) of France, used to adorn his hat so profusely, more than twenty-three centuries later. Although the Assyrian "holy medals" are interesting in their own right, and although their forms and motifs have since reappeared in medal design, no direct line of descent can be traced from them to the religious medals of mediaeval and modern times. When the last capital of Assyria, Nineveh (modern Kuyunjik, across the Tigris River from Mosul), fell to the Medes and Chaldeans in 612 BCE., the Assyrians and their civilization faded rapidly from memory, surviving only in the pages of the Old Testament, and in some references in classical literature. Indeed, the ancient Kingdom of Assyria remained almost completely forgotten until the great archaeological discoveries made by Rich, Botta, Layard, and Rassam, in the first half of the Nineteenth Century AD. THE COLLAR OF THE IMPERIAL ORDER OF THE ROSE OF BRAZIL E. J. Fischer, OMSA #922 Several in-depth research studies (especially Dragomir Acovic’s work) on the Imperial Brazilian Order of the Rose make recital of its history, structure, and designs here superfluous. Founded 17 October 1829 by Brazilian Emperor Dom Pedro I, the six class Order of the Rose commemorated his 2 August marriage to Amelia of Leuchtenburg. This honor ranked as junior in the Imperial Brazilian Orders schema. It recognized general merit to the Empe- ror and State. Abolished in 1891 after the Brazilian Revolution, the republic 7 Wallis Budge, E. A., British Museum: A Guide to the Babylonian andAssyrian Antiquities, Trustees of the British Museum, London, 1900, p. 19. 41 The Orders and Medals Society of America eventually reused the basic insignia design in its Order of Merit, establish- ed in 1946. The insignia of the Imperial Order of the Rose differs by grade from the ge- neral Portuguese or Brazilian standard, but except for the collar, it is at least fairly well known. The illustration de- picts Pedro I wear- ing the illusive col- lar of this Order. It is a detail from a painting displayed in Peteropolis, the former Imperial Brazilian summer capital. The pectoral link appears to be a golden disk or octagon overlaid with the intertwined floriated initials " P" and "A." (The monogram of Pedro and Amelia.) On either side of this appear links composed of a single red enanaeled rose in bloom surrounded by four green enameled rose leaves. Links designed as gold armorial shields charged with the "P" and "A" alternate with rose links to form the collar. The collar units connect via small loops. A badge which appears to be the same as a regular Grand Cross Badge hangs from the pectoral link. The badge itself (next page) is a white enameled six-pointed star edged in gold. The center medallion has a blue enameled motto ring with the inscription AMOR E FEDELIDADE (Love and Fidelity), and a gold center with the intert~vined, floriated initials "P" and "A." There are three roses enameled in natural colors between each set of points. The whole is suspended from a gold Imperial Brazilian crown. 42 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The South Atlantic, Past and Present
    JOSE MANUEL SANTOS PEREZ Brazil and the Politics of the Spanish Habsburgs in the South Atlantic, 1580-1640 abstract: During the period of the Union of Spanish and Portuguese Crowns (1580-1640), known as the"lberian Union”or“Philippine Period, "global connections inside and outside the Spanish or "Universal Monarchy” underwent an important impulse. Specifically, Portuguese America and the territories in the South Atlantic experienced important transformations. Brazilian, Spanish, and Portuguese histo- riographical traditions in the past have dealt with this issue in very different ways. Nowadays there is a new historiography that has started to contemplate the ques- tion from a very different point of view, without nationalistic concerns. Questions about defense, administrative reforms, mine discovery, or global connections are emerging as the principal aspects to be considered. keywords: Iberian Union (1580-1640), new historiographical approaches, South Atlantic. During the period ofthe Union of the Crowns ofSpain and Portugal, 1580-1640, a vast row of territories was united under the same king. From Macao to Lima, from Antwerp to Goa, from Olinda to the Maluku Islands, huge extensions of land separated by enormous spaces occupied large areas on maps and in the strategies of the counselors of the monarchs of the House ofAustria in Madrid. The empire was complex and was in contact with different political, religious, and cultural realities. This was a Catholic empire—the “Catholic Monarchy,” as this conglomerate was known in those times—that confronted another large empire, also religious but not unified: the Islamic empire. When a vast territory was added in 1580 to the possessions held by Felipe II, this huge theater entered the first phases of globalization, or mondialisation, as Serge Gruzinski pointed out in a classic publication, since some 225 cities were under the reign of the same king and the same faith (Mass was heard every half an hour in some place 1 on earth).
    [Show full text]
  • The Constitution of the Elites in the Rise of the Brazilian Imperial State Diálogos Latinoamericanos, Núm
    Diálogos Latinoamericanos ISSN: 1600-0110 [email protected] Aarhus Universitet Dinamarca Malerba, Jurandir The Constitution of the elites in the rise of the Brazilian Imperial State Diálogos Latinoamericanos, núm. 4, 2001, pp. 1-20 Aarhus Universitet Aarhus, Dinamarca Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=16200401 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Diálogos Latinoamericanos The Constitution of the elites in the rise of the Brazilian Imperial State Jurandir Malerba * The reflections I intend to develop bellow are the result of a wider research work achieved in my Ph.D thesis. Two connected phenomena were analysed: the structure of two elites merging in Rio de Janeiro when the Portuguese royal family fled to Brazil in 1808, or rather, the court society that came to Brazil with the Portuguese king and the wealthy classes that financed the king’s stay in Brazil for thirteen years. Even though the importance of these events in the history of the two countries will not be analysed, this encounter leading to the Independence process some months after the king’s return to Portugal should always be kept in mind. Another aim of this research was the cultural codes that favoured communications between two distinct societies, or rather, between the court society and the working “capitalist” groups dedicated to down-to-earth mercantile strategies controlling the credit system, internal commerce and international slave trafficking to Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • Record of Vessel in Foreign Trade Entrances
    Filing Last Port Call Sign Foreign Trade Official Voyage Vessel Type Dock Code Filing Port Name Manifest Number Filing Date Last Domestic Port Vessel Name Last Foreign Port Number IMO Number Country Code Number Number Vessel Flag Code Agent Name PAX Total Crew Operator Name Draft Tonnage Owner Name Dock Name InTrans 3801 DETROIT, MI 3801-2021-00374 8/13/2021 - ALGOMA NIAGARA PORT COLBORNE, ONT CFFO 9619270 CA 2 840674 30 CA 330 WORLD SHIPPING INC 0 19 ALGOMA CENTRAL CORP. 23'0" 8979 ALGOMA CENTRAL CORP. ST. MARYS CEMENT CO., DETROIT PLANT WHARF D 5301 HOUSTON, TX 5301-2021-05471 8/13/2021 - IONIC STORM PUERTO QUETZAL V7BQ9 9332963 GT 1 5190 71 MH 229 Southport Agencies 0 20 IONIC SHIPPING (MGT) INC 32'0" 18504 SCOTIA PROJECTS LTD CITY DOCK NOS. 41 - 46 L 3002 TACOMA, WA 3002-2021-00775 8/13/2021 - HYUNDAI BRAVE VANCOUVER, BC V7EY4. 9346304 CA 3 7477 95 MH 310 HYUNDAI AMERICA SHIPPING AGENCY 0 25 HMM OCEAN SERVICE CO. LTD 38'5" 51638 SHIP OWNER INVESTMENT CO NO 7 S.A. WASHINGTON UNITED TERMINALS, TACOMA WHARF (WUT) DFL 5301 HOUSTON, TX 5301-2021-05472 8/13/2021 - NAVIGATOR EUROPA DAESAN D5FZ3 9661807 KR 2 16397 2102 LR 150 Fillette Green Shipping 0 20 NAVIGATOR EUROPA LLC 36'5" 5163 NAVIGATO EUROPA LLC BAYPORT RO RO TERMINAL D 1816 PORT CANAVERAL, FL 1816-2021-00412 8/13/2021 - DISNEY DREAM CASTAWAY CAY C6YR6 9434254 BS 1 8001800 1081 BS 350 Disney Cruise Lines 1348 1230 MAGICAL CRUISE COMPANY LIMITED 28'2" 104345 MAGICAL CRUISE COMPANY LIMITED CT8 DISNEY CRUISE TERMINAL 8 N 3001 SEATTLE, WA 3001-2021-01615 8/13/2021 SKAGWAY, AK CELEBRITY MILLENNIUM - 9HJF9 9189419 - 4 9189419 56800 MT 350 INTERCRUISES SHORESIDE & PORT SERVICES 1142 744 CELEBRITY CRUISES INC.
    [Show full text]
  • Diálogos Ano 5/ N.O 5/ 2020 Faculdade De Filosofa E Ciências Humanas
    ISSN 2520-5927 Diálogos Ano 5/ n.o 5/ 2020 Faculdade de Filosofa e Ciências Humanas ComuniCaÇão SoCial e produÇão de SentidoS Universidade Nacional Timor Lorosa’e Díli, Timor-Leste on tHe enigmA oF tHe portugueSe diAmond José Pinto Casquilho1 Abstract: Te Portuguese Diamond is the largest faceted diamond in the National Gem Collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC; with an emerald cut at 127.01 carats is almost a perfect octagonal gem. Its name was given by the last private owner, Harry Winston, on the basis that once it had belonged to the Portuguese crown jewels. Yet, the mystery follows in that several authors say, with greater emphasis nowadays, that the name “Te Portuguese Diamond” came from a mistaken legend. Te frst goal of this paper is to show that there is strong iconic evidence that the diamond belonged to King José I of Portugal in the eighteenth cen- tury and, presumably, with a lesser degree of certainty, to other following sovereigns of the house of Bragança (Braganza). Subsidiary goals are the disambiguation with some other Brazilian precious stones mentioned in news or other sources. One will also look for establishing a plausible documented origin of the Portuguese Diamond, then giving some possible clues on the fate and oblivion of the diamond for about a century, until its resurgence in the USA. Last, it is sketched a framework of its se- miotic convolution as an object of desire and an index of power, from the Portuguese royalty into the veil of secrecy, and then to the American capitalist democracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Ideas About Brazilian Abolition and Immigration: a Franco-Brazilian Public Sphere
    Ideas about Brazilian Abolition and Immigration: A Franco-Brazilian Public Sphere, 1871 – 1889 By Joseph M. Pendergraph Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History August, 2015 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Marshall C. Eakin, Ph.D. Sarah E. Igo, Ph.D. The story of Brazil’s final abolition of slavery in May 1888 encompasses the entire nineteenth century. There is no consensus on when abolitionist sentiment in Brazil became what might be called a movement, but several dates bear mentioning. The first is 1822, when Brazil gained its independence from Portugal in a unique process in the Americas wherein Portuguese royalty – based in Rio de Janeiro since 1808 – led the split with the metropole. The continuation of a European monarchy in Brazil meant, among many other things, that the institution of slavery was not called into question to the degree that it was in Spanish America during the wars for independence. Two treaties signed with Great Britain in 1831 and 1850 were aimed at ending the slave trade to Brazil. Illegal importation and internal slave trading actually increased in the 1830s and 1840s, and only when the British applied military pressure in 1850 did the Brazilian parliament pass a law that achieved a limited success in curtailing slave traffic. The Paraguayan War, fought between Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina, on the one hand, and Paraguay on the other, between 1864 and 1870, served to weaken slavery in Brazil as many slaves were granted their freedom in exchange for military service.
    [Show full text]
  • The Colonial Architecture of Minas Gerais in Brazil*
    THE COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE OF MINAS GERAIS IN BRAZIL* By ROBERT C. SMITH, JR. F ALL the former European colonies in the New World it was Brazil that most faithfully and consistently reflected and preserved the architecture of the mother-country. In Brazil were never felt those strange indigenous influences which in Mexico and Peru produced buildings richer and more complicated in design than the very models of the peninsular Baroque.' Brazil never knew the exi gencies of a new and severe climate necessitating modifications of the old national archi tectural forms, as in the French and English colonies of North America, where also the early mingling of nationalities produced a greater variety of types of construction. And the proof of this lies in the constant imitation in Brazil of the successive styles of architecture in vogue at Lisbon and throughout Portugal during the colonial period.2 From the first establish- ments at Iguarassi3 and Sao Vicente4 down to the last constructions in Minas Gerais, the various buildings of the best preserved colonial sites in Brazil-at Sao Luiz do Maranhao,5 in the old Bahia,6 and the earliest Mineiro7 towns-are completely Portuguese. Whoever would study them must remember the Lusitanian monuments of the period, treating Brazil * The findings here published are the result in part of guesa), circa 1527. researches conducted in Brazil in 1937 under the auspices 2. The Brazilian colonial period extends from the year of the American Council of Learned Societies. of the discovery, 1500, until the establishment of the first i. In Brazil I know of only two religious monuments Brazilian empire in 1822.
    [Show full text]
  • Dom Manuel II of Portugal. Russell Earl Benton Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1975 The oD wnfall of a King: Dom Manuel II of Portugal. Russell Earl Benton Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Benton, Russell Earl, "The oD wnfall of a King: Dom Manuel II of Portugal." (1975). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 2818. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/2818 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that die photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image.
    [Show full text]
  • THIS RARE CATALOG Documents Russia's
    Russia’s Treasure of Diamonds and Precious Stones Rose Tozer, [email protected]; Cathleen Jonathan, [email protected]; Dona Mary Dirlam, [email protected]; Paula Rucinski, [email protected]; and Sarah Ostrye, [email protected] THE CATALOG documents jewels that date from Peter I THIS RARE CATALOG documents Russia’s regalia and crown jewels at the time of the overthrow of the tsarist regime following THE IMPERIAL GLOBE was made for Catherine II (reign 1689-1725), better known as Peter the Great, through the February Revolution of 1917. Published in 1925-26 by the Bolshevik government, this four-part inventory was printed in three when she was crowned empress in 1762. She wanted Nicholas II (reign 1894 to 18 February 1917). In 1922 languages: Russian, French, and English. Of the 350 copies that were produced, approximately 20 copies are known to exist today. to use the globe of Empress Elisabeth (reign 1741- Vladimir Lenin, leader of the USSR and chairman of the 1762), but it had been dismantled and the gold used Council of People’s Commissars, ordered an inventory THE ROMANOV DYNASTY ruled Russia for more than three centuries, from the rise of Mikhail I in 1613 through Catherine II (reign for other objects, so she had a new Imperial Globe and catalog of the treasure. Under the management of 1762-1796), also known as Catherine the Great, to the abdication of Nicholas II in 1917. The early Romanovs retained the title of tsar fashioned, possibly also by Pauzié and his craftsmen. the People’s Commissariat of Finance, the appointed that was first adopted by Ivan the Terrible in 1547, but in 1721 Peter I abandoned the designation in favor of “emperor.” Though “tsar” The red-gold orb is decorated with diamond-set experts undertook the examination of each specimen and continued to be popularly associated with Russia’s rulers, it was no longer used as an official title.
    [Show full text]
  • The Royalist Tradition in Republican France Royal House of Frai the Dsfttkj Oi Dcftd Oi the Only Follow the Renunciation Ol That Nov
    --JUS MAHBOBH 7NXBBmSIK The Royalist Tradition in Republican France Royal House of Frai the dsfttkj oi DCftd oi the only follow the renunciation ol that Nov. (By Mail). TYNER ever Paris. France. By PAUL Philip N oi Spain on the extinction of the el r Republican. Catholic and nitv bv and oJ the House of Bourbon on August 24, fought side by side m the trenches family ROVLIST earlv all the many titles of the are tho the Great War. laying aside tormer and appanage of the duke- - eve the same thing, between Royahsm the domains composma the in union for the defense of France. On the l Louss feud was I have talked w.th many men Orleans conferred by Louis and XV. legislative elect ft, a determined effort find hat not only I of the during the past few months, and Tin- present duke was born at Twickenham. this patriotic comradeship m rally- even fee made to perpetuate members of the old aristocracy, but JMtftf on February 0. 1869, SO he m his 5Wt ing voters of various shades of opinion to support they are by the Phillippe. a bourgeoisie, despised as He is the son of Prince Louis that Couni is called the Republican-Democrati- c Alliance, wdl prove what declare that a monarchy in the last who served on General llcClcuan s stall d coali:ion of forces meant to solidify the conservative This ttltuae Paris ex- the or.lv s:ab . eminent tor American Crrfl War. of which he wrote a hist moderate sentiment against the Radicals ot the a Koyaiun vj and revo- openly avowed by VAccum hrancaisc.
    [Show full text]
  • Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress and the Imperial Family
    Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress and the Imperial Family Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan January 2021 1 【Contents】 1. The Emperor and the Imperial Family 2. Personal Histories 3. Ceremonies of the Accession to the Throne (From Heisei to Reiwa) 4. Activities of Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress 5. Imperial Palace ※ NB: This material provides basic information about the Imperial Family, which helps foreign readers understand the role and the activities of the Imperial Family of Japan. Cover Photo: Nijubashi Bridges spanning the moat of the Imperial Palace, Tokyo 2 1. The Emperor and the Imperial Family ⃝ The Emperor 【 Position】 1 The Emperor is the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people, deriving his position from the will of the people with whom resides sovereign power (the Constitution of Japan, Article 1). 2 The Imperial Throne is dynastic and succeeded to in accordance with the Imperial House Law passed by the Diet (Constitution, Article 2). 【 Powers】 1 The Emperor performs only such acts in matters of state as are provided for in the Constitution, and has no powers related to government (Constitution, Article 4(1)). 2 The Emperor's acts in matters of State (Constitution, Articles 6, Article 7, and Article 4(2)). (1) Appointment of the Prime Minister as designated by the Diet (2) Appointment of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court as designated by the Cabinet (3) Promulgation of amendments of the Constitution, laws, cabinet orders, and treaties (4) Convocation of the Diet (5) Dissolution of the House
    [Show full text]
  • A HISTORY of EUROPEAN ROYAL JEWEL SALES, INCLUDING SOTHEBY’S 2018 AUCTION of MARIE ANTOINETTE’S JEWELS Russell Shor
    FEATURE ARTICLES A HISTORY OF EUROPEAN ROYAL JEWEL SALES, INCLUDING SOTHEBY’S 2018 AUCTION OF MARIE ANTOINETTE’S JEWELS Russell Shor On November 14, 2018, Sotheby’s Geneva sold 100 lots from the House of Bourbon-Parma, including 10 items from Queen Marie Antoinette. The venerable auction house claimed it was one of the largest sales of jewels with royal provenance in modern history. The key word from Sotheby’s statement is “modern,” because there have been other major sales of jewels from both crown jewels (owned by the state) and the personal property of royalty since 1795. The first section of this article describes how the most prominent European royal houses—particularly the Habsburgs, the Bourbons, and their predecessors—acquired their jewels and then details the most significant auc- tions of these items, starting with the collection of Madame du Barry in 1795 and the French crown jewels in 1887. The second part chronicles the historic Bourbon-Parma auction in 2018. The Sotheby’s sale was extraordinary in its scope because a vast majority of the jewels collected by European royals, mainly in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, had been widely scattered over the past two centuries by sale, confiscation, theft, residence in museums, and reworking. With 10 of the lots traced back to France’s most famous royal, Marie Antoinette, the auction attracted worldwide attention and exceptional prices—her signature drop-shaped natural pearl pendant alone sold for US$36 million. The 100 lots sold for a total of US$53 million. In recent years, jewels with royal provenance have fetched high premiums at auction, and this was no exception.
    [Show full text]
  • The Emperor's New Clothes: Pedro I of Brazil in Royal Ceremonial Dress
    1 Title: The Emperor’s new clothes: Pedro I of Brazil in royal ceremonial dress Author: Prof. Dr. Maria Cristina Volpi Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Abstract This paper presents a study of the great gala costumes worn by Emperor Dom Pedro I in the ceremonies of acclaim, consecration and coronation in 1822. The question that guided the analysis of these costumes was to understand the meaning of clothing as an expression of identity of the Brazilian nation during an important period of political transition. By focusing on the symbolic dimension of court ceremonial dress as a symbol of imperial power, we highlight elements that enable us to question both the memory of monarchy and social practices and representations present in Brazilian society of the 19th century. Content Introduction The theater of the court and dress appearance Regal dress at the Imperial Court of Brazil Conclusion References Introduction This paper presents a study of the full gala dress worn by the Emperor of Brazil, Pedro I of Brazil (Queluz, 10/12/1798 - 09/24/1834) during his acclamation, ordination and coronation ceremonies in 1822, as represented in surviving iconography. The question of the study of dress is related to the processes of civilization, as Gabriel de Tarde, Norbert Elias and Pierre Bourdieu each demonstrated, each in his own way (Tarde [1890] 1993, 348-372, Elias 1993, Bourdieu 1979). The understanding that dressed appearance provides evidence of subjectivities was the grounds for the analysis of the elements that comprise Brazilian court clothing, according to an approach to dress within a “culture of appearances,” as proposed by Daniel Roche (1989, 12).
    [Show full text]