Polish Botanical Journal 58(2): 617–623, 2013 DOI: 10.2478/pbj-2013-0066

Four new species of (, Spiranthoideae, ) from Colombia

Da r i u s z L. Sz l a c h e t k o & Ma r t a Ko l a n o w s k a 1

Abstract. Four new species of the Neotropical Cranichis Sw. are described and illustrated based on Colombian material. The new entities are placed within a key for identification of Colombian members of the genus. Information about their ecology and distribution is provided. Key words: Andes, biodiversity, Neotropics, Dariusz L. Szlachetko & Marta Kolanowska, Department of Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; e-mail: [email protected]

In t r o d u c t i o n

Consisting of over 3000 species, the Colombian petals much narrower than sepals, and cochleate orchid flora is one of the world’s richest (Ortiz lip, often with conspicuously marked, colored Valdivieso & Uribe Vélez 2007). The subfamily reticulate veins. The gynostemium is relatively Spiranthoideae is represented by over 200 species massive, often swollen at the apex, without within ca 30 genera (Dueñas Gómez & Fernández- a column-foot. The motile anther is oblong to Alonso 2007, 2009; Ormerod 2007, 2008, 2009a, b). ovate and 2-chambered. The inconspicuous cau- While generic delimitation among the Neotropical diculae are formed from the apices of pollinia. The terrestrial orchids is the subject of ongoing discus- clinandrium is usually thick, massive and spacious. sion between taxonomists around the world due The single viscidium is thick and relatively small, to the incompatibility of morphological (Dressler and the hamulus is usually elongate, finger-like, 1993; Szlachetko 1995; Szlachetko & Rutkowski thick, and directed towards the anther (Szlachetko 2010) and molecular findings (Salazaret al. 2003; & Rutkowski 2010). Álvarez-Molina & Cameron 2009), the separate- Representatives of Cranichis are found in low- ness of Cranichis Sw. is not questioned. lands as well as in montane forest growing ter- The genus was first described by Olof Swartz restrially or lithophytically, usually in humus and in 1788, and the nominal species C. muscosa Sw. Sphagnum tussocks. Their occurrence has been was selected more than 150 years later by Acuña reported from 350 up to 3000 m a.s.l. (Carnevali (1939). Morphologically Cranichis is clearly de- & Ramírez-Morillo 2003; Cribb 2003). fined since the transfer of two monotypic taxa, As currently recognized, the genus embraces ca Pseudocranichis Garay and Exalaria Garay 60 species distributed from Florida and Mexico to & G. A. Romero, from the genus. Bolivia and Argentina. Ortiz Valdivieso and Uribe Species of the genus are easily distinguished Vélez (2007) placed 19 species of Cranichis in the from other cranichioid orchids by their villous- most recent list of Colombian Orchidaceae. Most hairy roots, distinctly petiolate, suberect or ar- of the national representatives, except Crachinis cuately spreading leaves, nonresupinate flowers, muscosa and C. parvula Ranz, were found in Co- lumbia’s submontane and montane regions in litter 1 Corresponding author of the Andean forest and shrubs of subparamo and 618 POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 58(2). 2013 paramo. Their occurrence in Colombia was also 73°45′32″W, Alt. 3200 m, 17 Nov. 2003, H. Mendoza, reported from pastures and rocky slopes (Dueñas O. Vargas & O. Borbon 15473 (COL). Gómez & Fernández-Alonso 2009). The last com- prehensive revision of Colombian Cranichis was to 40 cm tall. Leaves 2, basal, petiolate; made over 50 years ago (Schneider 1953), but the petiole to 6.5 cm long, narrow; blade up to 5.3 cm recent studies on the national Orchidaceae revealed long and 2.2 cm wide, oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, the existence of two new species in the country acute, rounded or truncate at base. Scape erect, (Szlachetko & Kolanowska 2013). delicate, glandular in the upper third, enclosed in During the course of study on north Andean 4 sheaths. Inflorescence to 5.5 cm long, subdensely Cranichidinae, three distinct species of Cranichis many-flowered. Flowers small, inconspicuous. Flo- were found and are described here as new. ral bracts 4.5 mm long, lanceolate, acuminate, gla- brous or sparsely glandular. Pedicel and ovary up to 7.5 mm long, papillate. Sepals glabrous. Dorsal Descriptions o f t h e n e w s p e c i e s sepal 3.5 mm long, 2.1 mm wide, ovate, subobtuse, Cranichis cristalinensis Szlach. & Kolan., sp. nov. rather cochleate in center, 3-nerved. Petals 3.1 mm Fig. 1 long, 1.3 mm wide, oblong-spathulate, rounded at apex, subfalcate, glabrous along margins, 1-nerved. Species appears similar to C. sylvatica A. Rich. & Gal. Lateral sepals 3.2 mm long, 2.1 mm wide, ovate and C. werffii Garay but the petals are widest at the apex and the lip is sessile, suborbicular, much thickened to elliptic-ovate, acute to shortly acuminate, some- in the center. what oblique, slightly concave, 3-nerved. Lip 3 mm and wide, suborbicular in outline, sessile, Ho l o t y p e : COLOMBIA, Cundinamarca, Fomeca. greatly thickened in center, apical margins slightly Vda. La Cristalina. Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza. wavy. Gynostemium 1.8 mm long. Laguna de Chingaza. Sector La Playa. Bosque de Drymis granatensis, planta terrestra, flores blancas, 4°31′50″N, Et y m o l o g y . In reference to the name of the place of origin of the type specimen.

Ec o l o g y . Terrestrial in high-montane for- est with Drimys granadensis (Winteraceae) at ca 3200 m a.s.l. Flowering in November.

Distribution. So far known only from the Eastern Cordillera of the Andes, Colombian de- partment of Cundinamarca.

No t e s . Cranichis cristalinensis seems related to C. sylvatica A. Rich. & Gal. and C. werffii Garay, but is easily separable from both species by the petals and lip form. The petals of the new entity are widest at the apex and the lip is sessile, suborbicular, and much thickened in the center.

Cranichis queremalensis Szlach. & Kolan., sp. nov. Fig. 2 Species similar to C. parvula Renz but the petals are Fig. 1. Cranichis cristalinensis Szlach. & Kolan., sp. nov. – attenuate toward the base and apex with only the outer dissected perianth. A – dorsal sepal; B – petal; C – lateral margin shortly and densely ciliate, and the lip elliptic- sepal; D – lip; E – lip (side view). Drawn by S. Nowak from suborbicular, very thin, and almost flat with a recurved the holotype. Scale bar = 2 mm. apex. M. Kolanowska & D. T. Szlachetko: Four new species of Cranichis from Colombia 619

3-nerved. Petals 3 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, ob- long-lanceolate, subacute to subobtuse, subfalcate, densely and shortly ciliate along outer margin ex- cept for base and apex, 1-nerved. Lateral sepals 3 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, ovate to elliptic-ovate, subobtuse to subacute, slightly oblique, slightly concave, 3-nerved. Lip 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, elliptic-suborbicular in outline, widest near middle, apex with short, triangular, recurved, acute apicu- lus, lamina almost flat, nerves 3, obscure, with 1 or 2 branches and several knob-like swellings on nerves. Gynostemium 1.1 mm long.

Et y m o l o g y . In reference to the name of the place of origin of the type specimen of this spe- cies.

Ec o l o g y . This species was found on the road- side in an area covered with premontane forest. Alt. 1430–1550 m. Flowering in December.

Distribution. So far it is known only from the pacific slope of the Western Andean Cordillera, department of Valle del Cauca Colombia.

No t e s . Cranichis queremalensis appears to Fig. 2. Cranichis queremalensis Szlach. & Kolan., sp. nov. – dissected perianth. A – dorsal sepal; B – petal; C – lateral be related to its Colombian-Ecuadorian congener sepal; D – lip. Drawn by S. Nowak from the holotype. Scale C. parvula, originally described from the Colom- bar = 2 mm. bian department of Meta. Cranichis queremalensis is characterized by petals attenuate toward the base Ho l o t y p e : COLOMBIA, Valle del Cauca, Dagua. and apex with only the outer margin shortly and Corregimiento El Queremal, 0–6 km carretera El Quer- densely ciliate, the lip elliptic-suborbicular, very emal-Buenaventura. 3°31.42–81′N, 76°43.62–44.92′W. thin, and almost flat with a recurved apex. Petals Relictos bosque al lado de la carretera, Alt. 1430–1550 m, of C. parvula are oblong-ligulate, rounded at the 30 Dec. 2009, M.F. Gonzalez, Betancur & A. Zuluaga apex and glabrous on the margins, with the lip 168 (COL; i s o t y p e : FMB). similar in shape to C. queremalensis but cochleate in the center, with numerous knob-like projections Plants to 20 cm tall. Leaves 3, basal, petiolate; and a straight apex. petiole to 4.5 cm long, narrow; blade up to 4.5 cm long and 2 cm wide, elliptic-suborbicular, base subcordate, obtuse to subobtuse at apex. Scape Cranichis schlechteri Szlach. & Kolan., sp. nov. erect, delicate, glabrous, enclosed distantly in 4 Fig. 3 sheaths, of which the lower ones are leafy. Inflo- Species similar to Ecuadorian C. macroblepharis rescence to 4 cm long, subdensely many-flowered. Rchb. f. but with the lip prominently auriculate and Flowers small, inconspicuous. Floral bracts 4 mm petals long-ciliate along the margins. long, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. Pedicel and Ho l o t y p e : COLOMBIA, Huila. Mpio. La Plata. ovary up to 8 mm long, glabrous. Sepals glabrous. Vereda Agua Bonita. Finca Merenburg, Alt. 1200– Dorsal sepal 3 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, oblong- 1300 m, 20 Jul. 1975, S. Diaz P., G. Lozano C. & J.H. elliptic-ovate, subobtuse, rather cochleate in center, Torres 745 (COL). 620 POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 58(2). 2013

Plants to 40 cm tall. Leaf 1, basal, petiolate; basally auriculated, apex elongate, subobtuse, in- petiole to 3.5 cm long, narrow; blade up to 6 cm curved, nerves 3, protruding, sparsely branching. long and 3.7 cm wide, ovate, acute, subcordate Gynostemium 1.5 mm long. at base. Scape erect, delicate, glabrous in lower Et y m o l o g y . Named in honor of Rudolf half, otherwise glandular, enclosed in 5 sheaths. Schlechter, an eminent orchid taxonomist. Inflorescence subdensely many-flowered. Flowers small, inconspicuous, glabrous. Floral bracts 5 mm Ec o l o g y . No habitat record. Alt. 1200–1300 m. long, lanceolate, acuminate. Pedicel and ovary up Flowering in July. This species most probably is to 10 mm long. Dorsal sepal 4.5 mm long, 1.5 mm autogamous. wide, oblong-ovate above narrow base and attenu- ate towards obtuse apex, rather cochleate in center, Distribution. So far known only from the obscurely 3-nerved. Petals 4 mm long, 0.6 mm eastern slope of the Andean Central Cordillera, wide, oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acute Colombian department of Huila. at apex, subfalcate, margins covered by long and No t e s . The new species appears to be similar soft cilia except base and apex, 1-nerved. Lat- to its Ecuadorian congener C. macroblepharis but eral sepals 4.5 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, ovate to is easily separable from the latter by having an elliptic-ovate, subobtuse, slightly oblique, slightly auriculate base of the lip and long-ciliate petal concave, obscurely 3-nerved. Lip 2.5 mm long, margins. 1.6 mm wide, oblong-ovate in outline, sessile, Cranichis rotundifolia Szlach. & Kolan., sp. nov. Fig. 4 Species similar to C. diphylla Sw. but distinguished by its suborbicular leaf blade, spathulate, apically rounded petals, and the lip broadly ovate and obtuse, with two anastomosed veins.

Ho l o t y p e : COLOMBIA, Nariño, Pasto, Correg. de El Encano. Isla La Corota, Alt. 2700 m. 14 Nov. 1980, O. S. Benavides 2699 (PSO).

Plant up to ca 30 cm tall. Roots fleshy, fascicu- late, puberulent. Leaf 1, basal, petiolate; petiole ca 3 cm long; blade ca 5 cm long, 3.5 cm wide, subor- bicular, subacute, subcordate at the base. Scape ca 25 cm long, slender, erect, remotely few-sheathed; spike ca 6 cm long, densely many-flowered. Flow- ers glabrous, translucent white. Floral bracts 3–4 mm long, lanceolate, acute. Pedicel and ovary 5–6 mm long, very sparsely glandular-ciliate. Dor- sal sepal 3.1 mm long, 1 mm wide, narrowly el- liptic, obtuse, 3-veined. Petals 2.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, spathulate, apex rounded, 1-veined. Lateral sepals 2.9 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, obliquely ovate, subobtuse, 3-veined. Lip ca 2 mm long, 1.6 mm Fig. 3. Cranichis schlechteri Szlach. & Kolan., sp. nov. – dis- sected perianth. A – dorsal sepal; B – petal; C – lateral sepal; wide, concave, sessile, broadly ovate, obtuse, with D – lip; E – lip (side view). Drawn by S. Nowak from the two anastomosed veins. Gynostemium 1.1 mm holotype. Scale bar = 2 mm. long. M. Kolanowska & D. T. Szlachetko: Four new species of Cranichis from Colombia 621

bracts and ovaries. In the floral parts C. rotun- difolia resembles C. fendleri Schltr., especially in having spathulate petals and a broadly ovate lip. The two species are easily distinguished by a series of characters. In C. fendleri there are 3–4 oblong-elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, acute leaves, an oblong-lanceolate dorsal sepal and a lip with 3 anastomosed veins.

Ke y t o t h e Co l o m b i a n s p e c i e s o f Cr a n i c h i s 1. Petals with long hairs or cilia along the margins ...... 2 1.* Petals without long hairs on the margins . . . 3 2. Lip ovate-saggitate in outline, acute, almost flat ...... C. wageneri Rchb. f. 2.* Lip oblong-ovate in outline, apex elongate, sub- obtuse, incurved ...... C. schlechteri Szlach. & Kolan 3. Petals ciliate ...... 4 3.* Petals with entire or slightly erose margins, gla- brous ...... 15 4. Scape glabrous ...... 5 4.* Scape glandular or glandular-pubescent . . . 8 Fig. 4. Cranichis rotundifolia Szlach. & Kolan., sp. nov. A – 5. Lip ovate-elliptic, base saccate ...... habit. B – dorsal sepal; C – petal; D – lateral sepal; E – lip...... C. crumenifera Garay Scale bars: A = 3 cm; B–E = 1 mm. Drawn by Anna Król 5.* Lip ovate to suborbicular ...... 6 from the holotype. 6. Petals from a short claw broadly oblanceolate to elliptic ...... C. polyantha Schltr. * Et y m o l o g y . In reference to the leaf shape. 6. Petals linear-ligulate to oblong-oblanceolate . 7 7. Lip midvein unbranched . . . C. engelii Rchb. f. Ec o l o g y . The species was found growing ter- 7.* All lip veins branching ...... C. muscosa restrially on humid soil in high-montane humid 8. Ovary glandular ...... 9 forest. Alt. 2700 m. Flowering in November. 8.* Ovary glabrous ...... 11 Distribution. So far this species is known 9. Lip without any additional projections on the sur- only from Laguna de la Cocha in southern Co- face ...... 10 9.* Lip with spiculate pustules or knob-like projections lombia...... C. schlimii Rchb. f. No t e s . Species similar to C. diphylla but 10. Lateral sepals obscurely 3-veined, lip obtuse at distinguished by its suborbicular leaf blade (vs the apex . . . . C. brachyblephara Schltr. * ovate to ovate-lanceolate), the spathulate, apically 10. Lateral sepals obscurely 1-veined, lip truncate rounded petals (vs linear-oblanceolate, acute to at the apex with short, triangular, acute apiculus ...... C. zarucchii Szlach. & Kolan. obtuse) and the lip broadly ovate and obtuse, with 11. Inflorescence elongate, raceme 8–12 cm long, longer two anastomosed veins (vs lip ovate to broadly than the leaf blade . . . C. antioquiensis Schltr. elliptic, disc obcordately papillose-thickened with 11.* Raceme up to 4–7 cm long, shorter than the leaf 3 branching, often glandular veins). Vegetatively blade ...... 12 the new species seems to resemble C. tenuis 12. Leaf blade elliptic-suborbicular, obtuse to sub- Rchb. f., from which it differs by the form of its obtuse at apex ...... perianth segments as well as by the shorter floral . . . . C. queremalensis Szlach. & Kolan. 622 POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 58(2). 2013

12.* Leaf blade ovate to elliptic, acute or acumi- available on loan. We are grateful to Anna Król and nate ...... 13 Sławomir Nowak for preparing the illustrations and to 13. Flowers ca 3 mm in diameter, ovary ca 5–6 mm the anonymous reviewers for helpful remarks on the long ...... 14 manuscript. The research described here was supported 13.* Flowers ca 3.5 mm in diameter, ovary up to 11 mm by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education long ...... C. ciliata (Kunth) Kunth (research grant no. 8124/B/PO1/2011/40). 14. Sepals attenuate towards the apex, petals minutely ciliate along margins, lip longer than Re f e r e n c e s wide ...... C. pleioneura Schltr. * 14. Sepals rounded at the apex, petals pubescent Ac u ñ a J. 1939. Catalogo descriptivo de las Orquideas Cuba- along margins, lip as long as wide . . . . . nas. Boletín Estación Experimental Agronómica, Santiago ...... C. polyblephara Schltr. de las Vegas, provincia de La Habana 60: 1–221. 15. Petals margins erose . . . . C. picta Rchb. f. Ál v a r e z -Mo l i n a A. & Ca m e r o n K. M. 2009. Molecular 15.* Petals margins entire ...... 16 phylogenetics of Prescottiinae s.l. and their close allies 16. Petals oblong-spathulate ...... 17 (Orchidaceae, ) inferred from plastid and 16.* Petals linear-oblanceolate ...... 18 nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. Amer. J. Bot. 96(5): 1020–1040. 17. Leaf one, blade suborbicular ...... C. rotundifolia Szlach. & Kolan. Ca r n e va l i G. & Ra m í r e z -Mo r i ll o I. M. 2003. Cranichis. In: J. A. St e y e r m a r k , P. E. Be r r y , K. Yat s k i e v y c h 17.* Leaves 2, blade oblong- or ovate-lanceolate . . & B. K. Ho l s t (eds), Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana...... C. cristalinensis Szlach. & Kolan. 7. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. 18. Leaves narrowly oblanceolate to linear-lanceo- Cr i b b P. 2003. Cranichis. In: A. M. Pr i d g e o n , P. J. Cr i b b , late ...... 19 M. W. Ch a s e & F. N. Ra s m u s s e n (eds), Genera Orchi- * 18. Leaves ovate, ovate-lanceolate to orbicular . dacearum. 3. Oxford University Press, Oxford...... 20 Dr e s s l e r R. L. 1993. Phylogeny and classification of the 19. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-triangular, outer orchid family. Dioscorides Press, Portland. margin not forming a lobe ...... Du e ñ a s Gó m e z H. C. & Fe r n á n d e z -Al o n s o J. L. 2007. . . C. lehmanniana (Kraenzl.) L. O. Williams Sinopsis de la subfamilia Spiranthoideae (Orchidaceae) 19.* Lateral sepals obliquely ovate with expanded basal en Colombia, parte I. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. outer margin forming a lobe ...... 31: 5–27...... C. carlos-parrae Szlach. & Kolan. Du e ñ a s Gó m e z H. C. & Fe r n á n d e z -Al o n s o J. L. 2009. 20. Leaves usually two, often one is much larger Sinopsis de la subfamilia Spiranthoideae (Orchidaceae) than the other ...... C. diphylla Sw. en Colombia, parte II. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 20.* Leaves several, subequal in size . . . . 21 33: 157–181. 21. Petals elliptic ...... C. gibbosa Lindl. Or m e r o d P. 2007. Studies of Neotropical 21.* Petals lanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate . . 22 (­Orchidaceae) 2. Harvard Pap. Bot. 11(2): 145–177. 22. Floral bracts subequal or longer than ovary . . Or m e r o d P. 2008. Studies of Neotropical Goodyerinae (Orchi­ ...... C. lehmannii Rchb. f. daceae) 3. Harvard Pap. Bot. 13: 55–87. 22.* Floral bracts shorter than ovary . . . . 23 Or m e r o d P. 2009a. Notulae Goodyerinae (IV). Taiwania 23. Leaf blade elliptic to orbicular; petiole 0.4 cm long; 54(1): 45–51. blade 0.9–6 × 0.6–2 cm . . . C. tenuis Rchb. f. Or m e r o d P. 2009b. Studies of neotropical Goodyerinae (Orchi­ 23.* Leaf blade broadly ovate to broadly elliptic; petiole daceae) 4. Harvard Pap. Bot. 14(2): 111–129. at least 1 cm long; blade 4–8 × 2–4 cm . . . 24 Or t i z Va ld i v i e s o P. & Ur i b e Vé l e z C. 2007. Galería de 24. Petiole up to 2.5 cm long, lip unlobed . . . Orquídeas de Colombia (CD edition). Asociación Bogotana ...... C. parvula Renz de Orquideología, Bogotá. 24.* Petiole up to 9 cm long, lip 3-lobed at apex . . Sa l a z a r G. A., Ch a s e M. W., So t o Ar e n a s M. I. & In- ...... C. pulvinifera Garay g r o u i ll e M. 2003. Phylogenetics of Cranichideae with emphasis on (Orchidaceae, ): evidence from plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. Am. Ac k n o w l e d g e m e n t s . The curators and staff of the J. Bot. 90(5): 777–795. cited herbaria are thanked for their kind hospitality Sc h n e i d e r M. 1953. El Género Cranichis (Orchidaceae) en and assistance during visits and for making specimens Colombia. Caldasia 6: 11–18. M. Kolanowska & D. T. Szlachetko: Four new species of Cranichis from Colombia 623

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Received 19 April 2013