The Handbook of Ocular Disease Management
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Ocular Leishmaniasis Presenting As Chronic
perim Ex en l & ta a l ic O p in l h t C h f Journal of Clinical & Experimental a o l m l a o n l r o g u Ayele et al., J Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015, 6:1 y o J Ophthalmology ISSN: 2155-9570 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9570.1000395 Case Report Open Access Ocular Leishmaniasis Presenting as Chronic Ulcerative Blepharoconjunctivitis: A Case Report Fisseha Admassu Ayele*, Yared Assefa Wolde, Tesfalem Hagos and Ermias Diro University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia *Corresponding author: Fisseha Admassu Ayele MD, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara 196, Ethiopia, Tel: 251911197786; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: Dec 01, 2014, Accepted date: Feb 02, 2015, Published date: Feb 05, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Ayele FH, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Leishmaniasis is caused by unicellular eukaryotic obligate intracellular protozoa of the genus Leishmania that is endemic in over 98 countries in the world-most of which are developing countries including Ethiopia. It is transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies. The eye may be affected in cutaneous, mucocutaneous and Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis. We report a case of ocular leishmaniasis with eyelid and conjunctival involvement that had simulated ulcerative blepharoconjunctivitis not responding to conventional antibiotics. The patient was diagnosed by microscopy of a sample obtained via direct smear from the lesions. He was treated with systemic sodium stibogluconate (20 mg/kg/day) for 45 days and was clinically cured with this treatment. -
Aafp Fmx 2020
10/7/2020 Common Acute Eye Presentations Dr. Ahmed Mian HonBSc, BEd, MD CCFP (EM) Staff ER Consultant Department of Emergency Medicine, Humber River Hospital and University Health Network Medical Director and Chair, Medical Education HRH ED Investigative Coroner, Province of Ontario Faculty DFCM/EM University of Toronto and DFM Queens' University 1 ACTIVITY DISCLAIMER The material presented here is being made available by the American Academy of Family Physicians for educational purposes only. Please note that medical information is constantly changing; the information contained in this activity was accurate at the time of publication. This material is not intended to represent the only, nor necessarily best, methods or procedures appropriate for the medical situations discussed. Rather, it is intended to present an approach, view, statement, or opinion of the faculty, which may be helpful to others who face similar situations. The AAFP disclaims any and all liability for injury or other damages resulting to any individual using this material and for all claims that might arise out of the use of the techniques demonstrated therein by such individuals, whether these claims shall be asserted by a physician or any other person. Physicians may care to check specific details such as drug doses and contraindications, etc., in standard sources prior to clinical application. This material might contain recommendations/guidelines developed by other organizations. Please note that although these guidelines might be included, this does not necessarily imply the endorsement by the AAFP. 2 2 1 10/7/2020 Disclosure It is the policy of the AAFP that all individuals in a position to control content disclose any relationships with commercial interests upon nomination/invitation of participation. -
Ocular Injury; Hazard to Society: a Case Series
Quest Journals Journal of Medical and Dental Science Research Volume 7~ Issue 8 (2020) pp: 34-44 ISSN(Online) : 2394-076X ISSN (Print):2394-0751 www.questjournals.org Research Paper Ocular Injury; Hazard to Society: A Case Series Dr Rashmi kujur1, Dr Pallavi. M.P2, Dr Harshita Dubey3, Dr Varsha4 1Dept. of ophthalmology, Madhav dispensary JAH, GRMC, Gwalior, Madhyapradesh. 2Senior girls hostel, GRMC, Gwalior, Madhyapradesh. 3Senior girls hostel, GRMC, Gwalior, Madhyapradesh. 4Senior girls hostel, GRMC, Gwalior,Madhyapradesh. Corresponding Author: Dr.Pallavi.M.P ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe various types of ocular trauma due to different modes of injuryoccured on the same day Design: Prospective interventional study (case series) Materials & Methods: A series of cases of ocular trauma in different age group on the same day. Results: Five patients of ocular trauma were studied & managed. All five patients were males. Out of 5 cases, 3 cases had open globe injury and 2 cases had closed globe injury. Three out of five patients required surgical intervention while 2 patients were managed with medical therapy. Conclusion: This study describes the types and characteristics of ocular trauma presenting in eye department. The frequency of ocular trauma is common in males. Eye injuries resulting from ocular trauma pose a frequent threat to vision the world over. While afocussed history and prompt ocular examination are essential to immediate management, patient educationregarding safety precautions and risk reduction help to prevent future recurrences. KEYWORDS: Ocular morbidity, Ocular Injury, globe rupture, iridodialysis, fire cracker injury, hyphema, Road Traffic accident (RTA), loss of vision. Received 05 December, 2020; Accepted 20 December, 2020 © The author(s) 2020. -
Therapeutic and Inducing Effect of Corneal Crosslinking on Infectious
Differenteffectsofcornealcrosslinkingoninfectiouskeratitis 窑Review窑 Therapeuticandinducingeffectofcornealcrosslinking oninfectiouskeratitis 1DepartmentofOphthalmology,ShandongProvincial thecornealintrinsicbiomechanicalpropertyandthestiffness HospitalAffiliatedtoShandongUniversity,Jinan250000, ofcorneatoresistectasiaofcornea [1].Besidesitsoriginal ShandongProvince,China applicationforthekeratoconusandkeratectasia [2],CXLhas 2DepartmentofOphthalmology,thePeople'sHospitalof beenutilizedontothetreatmentofinfectiouskeratitis [3], Linyi,Linyi276000,ShandongProvince,China nowadays.Althoughthesecondaryinfectiouskeratitisafter 3DepartmentofPediatrics,thePeople'sHospitalofLinyi, CXLisrare,therearesomereportsonsecondarykeratitis Linyi276000,ShandongProvince,China infectedby bacteria,fungi,herpessimplexvirusand Co-firstauthors: Liang-ZhuJiangandShi-YanQiu Acanthamoeba.ThisrarecomplicationofCXLcancause Correspondence to: Guo-YingMu.Departmentof seriousocularmorbidityandhaveasubsequentdamaging Ophthalmology,ShandongProvincialHospitalAffiliatedto effectonthepatient'svision.ThesurgicaltechniqueofCXL ShandongUniversity,Jinan250000,ShandongProvince, involvestheremovalofepitheliumintraoperativelyandthe [email protected] applicationofcontactlenspostoperatively.Thesefactors Received:2015-06-30Accepted:2016-08-09 havebeenassociatedwiththeoccurrenceofinfectious keratitisafterCXL.Inpresentstudy,wesummarizedthe Abstract therapeuticeffectofCXLoninfectiouskeratitisandthe · Thecornealcrosslinking (CXL)withriboflavinand keratitissecondarytocorneaCXLreportedbyprevious -
Differentiate Red Eye Disorders
Introduction DIFFERENTIATE RED EYE DISORDERS • Needs immediate treatment • Needs treatment within a few days • Does not require treatment Introduction SUBJECTIVE EYE COMPLAINTS • Decreased vision • Pain • Redness Characterize the complaint through history and exam. Introduction TYPES OF RED EYE DISORDERS • Mechanical trauma • Chemical trauma • Inflammation/infection Introduction ETIOLOGIES OF RED EYE 1. Chemical injury 2. Angle-closure glaucoma 3. Ocular foreign body 4. Corneal abrasion 5. Uveitis 6. Conjunctivitis 7. Ocular surface disease 8. Subconjunctival hemorrhage Evaluation RED EYE: POSSIBLE CAUSES • Trauma • Chemicals • Infection • Allergy • Systemic conditions Evaluation RED EYE: CAUSE AND EFFECT Symptom Cause Itching Allergy Burning Lid disorders, dry eye Foreign body sensation Foreign body, corneal abrasion Localized lid tenderness Hordeolum, chalazion Evaluation RED EYE: CAUSE AND EFFECT (Continued) Symptom Cause Deep, intense pain Corneal abrasions, scleritis, iritis, acute glaucoma, sinusitis, etc. Photophobia Corneal abrasions, iritis, acute glaucoma Halo vision Corneal edema (acute glaucoma, uveitis) Evaluation Equipment needed to evaluate red eye Evaluation Refer red eye with vision loss to ophthalmologist for evaluation Evaluation RED EYE DISORDERS: AN ANATOMIC APPROACH • Face • Adnexa – Orbital area – Lids – Ocular movements • Globe – Conjunctiva, sclera – Anterior chamber (using slit lamp if possible) – Intraocular pressure Disorders of the Ocular Adnexa Disorders of the Ocular Adnexa Hordeolum Disorders of the Ocular -
Ocular Photography - External (L34393)
Local Coverage Determination (LCD): Ocular Photography - External (L34393) Links in PDF documents are not guaranteed to work. To follow a web link, please use the MCD Website. Contractor Information Contractor Name Contract Type Contract Number Jurisdiction State(s) CGS Administrators, LLC MAC - Part A 15101 - MAC A J - 15 Kentucky CGS Administrators, LLC MAC - Part B 15102 - MAC B J - 15 Kentucky CGS Administrators, LLC MAC - Part A 15201 - MAC A J - 15 Ohio CGS Administrators, LLC MAC - Part B 15202 - MAC B J - 15 Ohio Back to Top LCD Information Document Information LCD ID Original Effective Date L34393 For services performed on or after 10/01/2015 Original ICD-9 LCD ID Revision Effective Date L31880 For services performed on or after 10/01/2018 Revision Ending Date LCD Title N/A Ocular Photography - External Retirement Date Proposed LCD in Comment Period N/A N/A Notice Period Start Date Source Proposed LCD N/A N/A Notice Period End Date AMA CPT / ADA CDT / AHA NUBC Copyright Statement N/A CPT only copyright 2002-2018 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved. CPT is a registered trademark of the American Medical Association. Applicable FARS/DFARS Apply to Government Use. Fee schedules, relative value units, conversion factors and/or related components are not assigned by the AMA, are not part of CPT, and the AMA is not recommending their use. The AMA does not directly or indirectly practice medicine or dispense medical services. The AMA assumes no liability for data contained or not contained herein. The Code on Dental Procedures and Nomenclature (Code) is published in Current Dental Terminology (CDT). -
Diagnostic Code Descriptions (ICD9)
INFECTIONS AND PARASITIC DISEASES INTESTINAL AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES (001 – 009.3) 001 CHOLERA 001.0 DUE TO VIBRIO CHOLERAE 001.1 DUE TO VIBRIO CHOLERAE EL TOR 001.9 UNSPECIFIED 002 TYPHOID AND PARATYPHOID FEVERS 002.0 TYPHOID FEVER 002.1 PARATYPHOID FEVER 'A' 002.2 PARATYPHOID FEVER 'B' 002.3 PARATYPHOID FEVER 'C' 002.9 PARATYPHOID FEVER, UNSPECIFIED 003 OTHER SALMONELLA INFECTIONS 003.0 SALMONELLA GASTROENTERITIS 003.1 SALMONELLA SEPTICAEMIA 003.2 LOCALIZED SALMONELLA INFECTIONS 003.8 OTHER 003.9 UNSPECIFIED 004 SHIGELLOSIS 004.0 SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE 004.1 SHIGELLA FLEXNERI 004.2 SHIGELLA BOYDII 004.3 SHIGELLA SONNEI 004.8 OTHER 004.9 UNSPECIFIED 005 OTHER FOOD POISONING (BACTERIAL) 005.0 STAPHYLOCOCCAL FOOD POISONING 005.1 BOTULISM 005.2 FOOD POISONING DUE TO CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS (CL.WELCHII) 005.3 FOOD POISONING DUE TO OTHER CLOSTRIDIA 005.4 FOOD POISONING DUE TO VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS 005.8 OTHER BACTERIAL FOOD POISONING 005.9 FOOD POISONING, UNSPECIFIED 006 AMOEBIASIS 006.0 ACUTE AMOEBIC DYSENTERY WITHOUT MENTION OF ABSCESS 006.1 CHRONIC INTESTINAL AMOEBIASIS WITHOUT MENTION OF ABSCESS 006.2 AMOEBIC NONDYSENTERIC COLITIS 006.3 AMOEBIC LIVER ABSCESS 006.4 AMOEBIC LUNG ABSCESS 006.5 AMOEBIC BRAIN ABSCESS 006.6 AMOEBIC SKIN ULCERATION 006.8 AMOEBIC INFECTION OF OTHER SITES 006.9 AMOEBIASIS, UNSPECIFIED 007 OTHER PROTOZOAL INTESTINAL DISEASES 007.0 BALANTIDIASIS 007.1 GIARDIASIS 007.2 COCCIDIOSIS 007.3 INTESTINAL TRICHOMONIASIS 007.8 OTHER PROTOZOAL INTESTINAL DISEASES 007.9 UNSPECIFIED 008 INTESTINAL INFECTIONS DUE TO OTHER ORGANISMS -
T20 FUNCTIONAL UPPER EYELID BLEPHAROPLASTY Policy Author
Policy T20 Blepharoplasty THRESHOLD POLICY – T20 FUNCTIONAL UPPER EYELID BLEPHAROPLASTY Policy author: West Suffolk CCG and Ipswich and East Suffolk CCG, with support from Public Health Suffolk. Policy start date: January 2008 Subsequent reviews July 2012 September 2014 February 2017 Next review date: February 2020 1. Policy Summary 1.1 Blepharoplasty is considered a low priority treatment and will only be funded by Ipswich and East Suffolk CCG & West Suffolk CCG when the following criteria are met. It will not be funded for cosmetic reasons. 1.2 This policy doesn’t apply to anyone <19 years of age. 2. Eligibility Criteria 2.1 Upper eyelid blepharoplasty is considered medically necessary for the following indications: a) To repair defects predisposing to corneal or conjunctival irritation such as entropion or pseudotrichiasis. OR b) To treat periorbital sequelae of thyroid disease, nerve palsy, blepharochalasis, floppy eyelid syndrome and chronic inflammatory skin conditions. OR c) To relieve symptoms of blepharospasm or significant dermatitis on the upper eyelid caused by redundant tissue. OR d) Following skin grafting for eyelid reconstruction. OR e) At the same time as ptosis correction for the upper eyelid if the surplus skin is felt to be excess on lifting the ptotic eyelid 2.2 For all other individuals, the following criteria apply: a) Documented patient complaints of interference with vision or visual field related activities such as difficulty reading or driving due to upper eye lid skin drooping, looking through the eyelids or seeing the upper eye lid skin AND b) There is redundant skin overhanging the upper eye lid margin and resting on the eyelashes when gazing straight ahead AND S:\Clinical Quality\00 Chief Nursing Office\Clinical Oversight Group\POLICIES\T\Policies\T20 blepharoplasty\T20 Blepharoplasty E.docx 1 Policy T20 Blepharoplasty c) Supporting evidence from visual field testing that eyelids impinge on visual fields reducing field to 120° horizontally and/or 40° or less vertically. -
Whole Exome Sequencing Gene Package Vision Disorders, Version 6.1, 31-1-2020
Whole Exome Sequencing Gene package Vision disorders, version 6.1, 31-1-2020 Technical information DNA was enriched using Agilent SureSelect DNA + SureSelect OneSeq 300kb CNV Backbone + Human All Exon V7 capture and paired-end sequenced on the Illumina platform (outsourced). The aim is to obtain 10 Giga base pairs per exome with a mapped fraction of 0.99. The average coverage of the exome is ~50x. Duplicate and non-unique reads are excluded. Data are demultiplexed with bcl2fastq Conversion Software from Illumina. Reads are mapped to the genome using the BWA-MEM algorithm (reference: http://bio-bwa.sourceforge.net/). Variant detection is performed by the Genome Analysis Toolkit HaplotypeCaller (reference: http://www.broadinstitute.org/gatk/). The detected variants are filtered and annotated with Cartagenia software and classified with Alamut Visual. It is not excluded that pathogenic mutations are being missed using this technology. At this moment, there is not enough information about the sensitivity of this technique with respect to the detection of deletions and duplications of more than 5 nucleotides and of somatic mosaic mutations (all types of sequence changes). HGNC approved Phenotype description including OMIM phenotype ID(s) OMIM median depth % covered % covered % covered gene symbol gene ID >10x >20x >30x ABCA4 Cone-rod dystrophy 3, 604116 601691 94 100 100 97 Fundus flavimaculatus, 248200 {Macular degeneration, age-related, 2}, 153800 Retinal dystrophy, early-onset severe, 248200 Retinitis pigmentosa 19, 601718 Stargardt disease -
Involvements of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Neurological Disorders
H OH metabolites OH Review Involvements of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Neurological Disorders Marika Cordaro 1,† , Rosalba Siracusa 2,† , Roberta Fusco 2 , Salvatore Cuzzocrea 2,3,* , Rosanna Di Paola 2,* and Daniela Impellizzeri 2 1 Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; [email protected] 2 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; [email protected] (R.S.); [email protected] (R.F.); [email protected] (D.I.) 3 Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (R.D.P.); Tel.: +39-090-6765208 (S.C. & R.D.P.) † The authors equally contributed to the review. Abstract: Homocysteine (HCY), a physiological amino acid formed when proteins break down, leads to a pathological condition called hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY), when it is over a definite limit. It is well known that an increase in HCY levels in blood, can contribute to arterial damage and several cardiovascular disease, but the knowledge about the relationship between HCY and brain disorders is very poor. Recent studies demonstrated that an alteration in HCY metabolism or a deficiency in folate or vitamin B12 can cause altered methylation and/or redox potentials, that leads to a modification on calcium influx in cells, or into an accumulation in amyloid and/or tau protein involving a cascade of events that culminate in apoptosis, and, in the worst conditions, neuronal death. The present review will thus summarize how much is known about the possible role of HHCY in neurodegenerative disease. -
Traumatic Retinal Detachment Br J Ophthalmol: First Published As 10.1136/Bjo.75.1.18 on 1 January 1991
18 BritishJournalofOphthalmology, 1991,75, 18-21 Traumatic retinal detachment Br J Ophthalmol: first published as 10.1136/bjo.75.1.18 on 1 January 1991. Downloaded from P B Johnston Abstract trauma is a well recognised cause of rhegmato- Seventy-seven patients developed retinal genous retinal detachment, which was reported breaks following an episode of ocular con- by Eagling' to affect 4-6% of such injuries. The tusion, and 65 (84.4%) of these developed characteristics of postcontusion retinal detach- rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Surgical ments were described by Cox et all and the treatment successfully restored or maintained mechanism ofbreak formation was elucidated by retinal apposition in 74 (96-1%) of the eyes. Delori et all who studied the effect of high speed Thirty-six (46-8%) eyes recovered visual acuity projectiles on enucleated pig eyes. Experimental of6/9orbetter. Ofthe retinal breaks recognised evidence indicates that retinal breaks form at the dialysis at the ora serrata was observed in 49 time of ocular impact. However, clinical reports eyes, of which 28 were situated at the lower show considerable delay in the diagnosis of temporal quadrant. Seventeen eyes had post-traumatic retinal detachment. For example, irregular breaks arising within necrotic retina Cox et all reported that only 30% of post- at the site of scleral impact. Twenty-four traumatic retinal detachments were diagnosed (31.2%) patients had retinal break or retinal within one month of injury, and Ross4 found detachment diagnosed within 24 hours ofinjury 40% in a similar period. and 49 (63-6%) within six weeks. Immediate The following study is of a series of patients retinal detachment was a feature of necrotic who developed retinal breaks or retinal detach- retinal breaks, while inferior oral dialyses led ment after ocular contusion. -
Policy 96018: Blepharoplasty, Blepharoptosis Repair, and Brow
Policy: 96018 Initial Effective Date: 11/22/1996 SUBJECT: Blepharoplasty, Blepharoptosis Repair, and Annual Review Date: 11/16/2020 Brow Ptosis Repair Last Revised Date: 11/16/2020 Prior approval is required for some or all procedure codes listed in this Corporate Medical Policy. Definition: The term blepharoplasty refers to a collection of surgical procedures that involve removal of redundant eyelid tissue (skin, muscle, and fat). Although the primary indication for blepharoplasty is to improve the eyelid appearance, redundant lax eyelid tissue (dermatochalasis) can obstruct the superior visual field and interfere with activities of daily living in some individuals. In these cases, blepharoplasty may be considered in order to produce functional improvement in vision. The pathophysiology of dermatochalasis has not been well described, but much of the process appears to involve skin changes associated with the aging process. Less commonly, systemic disorders such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome may predispose patients to develop dermatochalasis at a younger age. Clinical manifestations are mainly cosmetic, but in severe cases eyelid tissue may obstruct the superior visual field. The most common symptoms include difficulty reading and loss of peripheral vision when driving. Blepharoplasty may help to improve function for patients with clinically significant dermatochalasis. Blepharochalasis is sometimes confused with dermatochalasis. Though similar in nomenclature, these two disorders are quite different in presentation and etiology. Blepharochalasis is a rare condition characterized by intermittent, recurrent eyelid edema, resulting in relaxation of the eyelid tissue and resultant atrophy. The lower eyelids are less commonly involved. Blepharochalasis typically presents in adolescence or young adulthood, with intermittent attacks that occur less commonly as the person ages.