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Lakq , Adv1sor Y Commi -- •.·. Gr(l,(l.nwood Lakq_, Adv1sor_y Commi W<L.st Milford Township NtL.w J<LrSflJ --------~~----------~~~~----- INTRODUCTION This is an official Report of the Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee. This Report is one of a series of reports prepared for presentation to the West Milford Township Planning Board and Council relating to the planning for better management and future development of the natural resource: Greenwood Lake. The objectives of this Report are: A. To explain the nature of the weed problem on Greenwood Lake; B. To show the present program of weed control and past attempts; and c. To make recommendations on a future program of weed control for Greenwood Lake. In compiling this Report, the Committee has spent the past thirteen months gathering and sifting through the various materials that comprise this work. We have borrowed from and, of course, sought to improve upon the findings of predecessor groups who have tackled the weed problem on Greenwood Lake in the past. The Committee's Report is based upon information obtained from the following sources: A. Information from various official and unofficial sources gathered mainly for the New Jersey end of the Lake, but not limited to that end; B. Expert Information compiled through interview or written data available; and C. Public opinion solicited through the Committee's official survey of waterfront property owners, marinas and groups and organizations using Greenwood Lake. -i- CONTENTS - VOLUME I Introduction Contents Chapter 1 Background Information and Data Page 3 Short History of Greenwood Lake 6 Features; Physical, Chemical and Biological 9 Fish and Fishing 11 A Fisheries Survey of Greenwood Lake 21 Reference Maps 38 USEPA National Eutrophication Survey 79 History of Attempts at Organized Weed Control Chapter 2 Direct Investigation by the Greenwood Lake Advisory Co~~ittee 100 Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee Member List 101 List of Experts Contacted During Investigation 102 Copy of Official Survey that was sent to Property OWners on Lake in New Jersey 106 Extracts from Official Survey 108 Extracts from Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee Minutes Chapter 3 Recommendations 135 Statement by Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee 136 Short Term Solutions 138 Ongoing Solutions 140 Long Term Solutions 142 Solutions Not Recommended 143 Funding Strategies 1 ~ CHAPTER OFE BACKGROUr-:o U-FORT\1AT10N AI<D DATA The following pages contain certain geographical and historical information concerning Greenwood Lake as well as the official eutrophication survey of the Lake conducted by the u.s. Environmental Protection Agency. Chapter 1 Background Information and Data ?age 3 Short History of Greenwood Lake 6 Features Physical, Chemical and Biological 9 Fish and Fishing 11 A Fisheries Survey of Greenwood Lake 21 Reference Maps 38 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency J.>;ational Eutrophication--' Survey 79 History of Attempts at Organized Weed Control 3 ~ GREENWOOD LAKE THE BI-STATE LAKE SHORT HISTORY Greenwood Lake was originally a natural lake. The darn at Greenwood Lake, then known as Long Pond, was constructed about 1765 to supply water power to the Long Pond Forge and sawmill, where iron was cast. Because of the high grade of iron ore mined here, this was an important area during the American Revo­ lution. In 1836 a darn, built by the Morris canal and Banking company, brought the lake up to its present level and area of 1,920 acres. shortly~1ereafter, due to its popularity as a resort area, steam­ boats were in operation on Greenwood Lake to carry vacationists to various hotels located along its shores. Around 1900, the Morris canal was failing due to the advent of railroads. In addition to this competition leading to the canal's abandonment, the following laws affected that process: Chapter 229 Laws of 1924 approved March 13, 1924. An Act to authorize abandonment of navigation upon the Morris canal, and providing for the dismantlement and disposition of portions of the property, and the procedure to be followed for same; and its management until such portions were disposed of. It sets aside Lake Hopatcong, Lake Musconetcong, Cranberry Lake, Bear Ponds, saxtons Falls Pond, and Greenwood Lake with their lands and ease­ ments to be retained by the Morris canal and Banking company in trust for the State, for the public use of conserving the waters of the state dedicated to public use, to maintain and operate the dams, conserving the rights of the riparian owners on lakes, ponds, and the outlets thereof; it provides for consent to diversion of the waters impounded therein and limitations on the same, and re­ quired approval of such diversion by the Governor; the sale of properties other than those to be retained and the manner of their disposition is directed by the Act in priority to counties, 4 municipalities, and private sale, etc.,, the Act required the removal of bridges over the canal, the repair of sluice gates, the making safe of all dams at impoundments, the provision for proper drainage of the former canal right of way: provision was made for the employment of proper legal, technical and other assistance needed to carry out the provisions of the Act and administration of the properties, power was given to secure and executecontract3 forthe purposes and directives herein; and to receive monies from the sales, and rentals or other income there­ from. canal use being discontinued, such property was dedicated to public use as public highways and for any and all purposes of public highways. chapter 448 Laws of 1948. This Act terminated the terms of office of the present directors of the Morris canal and Banking company and reduced their number to three, two of whom constituted a quorum. The commissioner of the Department of conservation and Economic Development, the Director of Budget and Accounting, Department of Treasury, and the Director of the Treasury, and their successors were made eligible to serve as Directors of the company. Reservoirs Greenwood Lake, a total area of 1,920 acres, of which 668 acres are by deed in fee, 119 acres in New York state acquired by con­ demnation and by deed; 1,133 acres in bed of lake not owned. Greater detail on the acquisition of lands by the canal company can be found in the report on property titles, prepared at the request of Mr. J.J. Truncer, during 1970 and 1971. The storage capacity of the Lake is said to be 1,340,000,000 cubic feet: the original dam was of stone masonry 180 feet long and 14 feet high with a waste-way, or spillway, of 100 feet in length. Flood flows rose about 1.9 feet above the overflow indicating a flood flow of about 31 c.f.s. per sq. mile. As much as 68 c.f.s. was drawn 5 through the gates under canal company operations and flowed down the wanaque to be taken into the Pompton Feeder near its junction with the Ramapo. As much as 40 to 49.5 c.f.s. was taken in the canal Feeder at this point, and from readings and guagings the estimated average yearly draft was 38 c.f.s. based on a range from 30 to 50 c.f.s. The Lake has a watershed of 28 square miles. Today Greenwood Lake is highly developed and the many cottages, hotels, and cabins in the vicinity, indicate its popularity as a year-round resort and recreational area. There are numerous boat liveries at the lake, and a few sites for launching car-top boats are available. The most recent (past 10 years) aro~~d the lake development has been year round residences. This change has caused more sub­ ground discharge (septics) being used beyond their original designs. 6 PHYSICAL FEATURES: Area - 1,920 acres Mean depth-17 feet Elevation-621 feet Maximum depth-57 feet CHEMICAL FEATURES: Oxygen-sufficient to a depth of 34 feet pH neutral BIOLOGICAL FEATURES: Vegetation-heavy in the shallow New Jersey area water color-green, clear About 5~/o of the shallow area is rock and ledge, 45% sand and gravel, and 5% muck. Much of the shallow area is weed infested. The clearness of the water may contribute to the heavy growth of aquatic vegetation in the shallows since the sunlight can penetrate . to a considerable depth. The bottom of the deeper areas consists of mud, detritus, clay, rock, gravel and sand. (See Map (M-2} LOCATION: Just east of Route No. 511. The New York-New Jersey boundary line divides the lake approximately in half. see location Map (M-1) The following report covers most of the biological conditions within Greenwood Lake in relation to the Fisheries. 7 M·l v 00 LAKE GREENWO ling site ® TributarylSI•~g Site X LakeSa:apn il'ty Sewage Tre& tment Fac 1 Kia. f I f 1 .. New~MapLocation l York -·­.. New Jersey .... ·, 0 GREENWOOD LAKE PASSAIC COUNTY 1920 ACRES 16.9' MEAN DEPTH 621' ELEVATION ""' -.. ...,-~e:3 0 1460 R920 •UBO SCALE IN FEET. .. POMPTON LAKES -) 20- 30-'--..... 40-·'---- SYMBOLS DE - Detrllue P - P ..t R - Rubble GR- Grevef CA- Cou.. Rubblt SL ..._Silt FR- Fino Rubble . Mi\- r.tuo;k RD - Roclc &D - Send 80- Boutd.. fot - Morl IR- Beef Rock·~ Locleo C - Cler 00 I. 9 FISH AND FISHING Largemouth Bass - Fair to good. Better fishing is generally found early in the year and again in the Autumn. Good rate of growth. Smallmouth Bass - Fair. This species is not as commonly taken as the largemouth bass, nor does it appear to be as abundant. New Jerseys record smallmouth was taken from Greenwood Lake. Good growth rate. Pickerel - Good. One of the most popular and one of the most easily caught of the game species in the lake.
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