Lakq , Adv1sor Y Commi

•.·.

Gr(l,(l.nwood Lakq_, Adv1sor_y Commi W

------~~------~~~~----- INTRODUCTION

This is an official Report of the Greenwood Lake Advisory

Committee. This Report is one of a series of reports prepared for presentation to the West Milford Township Planning Board and

Council relating to the planning for better management and future development of the natural resource: Greenwood Lake.

The objectives of this Report are:

A. To explain the nature of the weed problem on Greenwood Lake;

B. To show the present program of weed control and past attempts; and c. To make recommendations on a future program of weed control for Greenwood Lake.

In compiling this Report, the Committee has spent the past thirteen months gathering and sifting through the various materials that comprise this work. We have borrowed from and, of course, sought to improve upon the findings of predecessor groups who have tackled the weed problem on Greenwood Lake in the past.

The Committee's Report is based upon information obtained from the following sources:

A. Information from various official and unofficial sources gathered mainly for the New Jersey end of the Lake, but not limited to that end;

B. Expert Information compiled through interview or written data available; and

C. Public opinion solicited through the Committee's official survey of waterfront property owners, marinas and groups and organizations using Greenwood Lake. -i-

CONTENTS - VOLUME I

Introduction

Contents

Chapter 1 Background Information and Data

Page 3 Short History of Greenwood Lake

6 Features; Physical, Chemical and Biological

9 Fish and Fishing 11 A Fisheries Survey of Greenwood Lake 21 Reference Maps 38 USEPA National Eutrophication Survey 79 History of Attempts at Organized Weed Control

Chapter 2 Direct Investigation by the Greenwood Lake Advisory Co~~ittee

100 Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee Member List

101 List of Experts Contacted During Investigation 102 Copy of Official Survey that was sent to Property OWners on Lake in New Jersey

106 Extracts from Official Survey

108 Extracts from Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee Minutes

Chapter 3 Recommendations

135 Statement by Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee

136 Short Term Solutions

138 Ongoing Solutions 140 Long Term Solutions 142 Solutions Not Recommended

143 Funding Strategies 1 ~

CHAPTER OFE

BACKGROUr-:o U-FORT\1AT10N AI

The following pages contain certain geographical and historical information concerning Greenwood Lake as well as

the official eutrophication survey of the Lake conducted by the u.s. Environmental Protection Agency. Chapter 1

Background Information and Data ?age 3 Short History of Greenwood Lake 6 Features Physical, Chemical and Biological

9 Fish and Fishing 11 A Fisheries Survey of Greenwood Lake 21 Reference Maps 38 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency J.>;ational Eutrophication--' Survey 79 History of Attempts at Organized Weed Control 3 ~

GREENWOOD LAKE

THE BI-STATE LAKE SHORT HISTORY Greenwood Lake was originally a natural lake. The darn at Greenwood Lake, then known as Long Pond, was constructed about 1765 to supply water power to the Long Pond Forge and sawmill, where iron was cast. Because of the high grade of iron ore mined here, this was an important area during the American Revo lution. In 1836 a darn, built by the Morris canal and Banking company, brought the lake up to its present level and area of 1,920 acres.

shortly~1ereafter, due to its popularity as a resort area, steam boats were in operation on Greenwood Lake to carry vacationists to various hotels located along its shores. Around 1900, the Morris canal was failing due to the advent of railroads. In addition to this competition leading to the canal's abandonment, the following laws affected that process: Chapter 229 Laws of 1924 approved March 13, 1924. An Act to authorize abandonment of navigation upon the Morris canal, and providing for the dismantlement and disposition of portions of the property, and the procedure to be followed for same; and its management until such portions were disposed of. It sets aside Lake Hopatcong, Lake Musconetcong, Cranberry Lake, Bear Ponds, saxtons Falls Pond, and Greenwood Lake with their lands and ease ments to be retained by the Morris canal and Banking company in trust for the State, for the public use of conserving the waters of the state dedicated to public use, to maintain and operate the dams, conserving the rights of the riparian owners on lakes, ponds, and the outlets thereof; it provides for consent to diversion of the waters impounded therein and limitations on the same, and re quired approval of such diversion by the Governor; the sale of properties other than those to be retained and the manner of their disposition is directed by the Act in priority to counties, 4

municipalities, and private sale, etc.,, the Act required the removal of bridges over the canal, the repair of sluice gates, the making safe of all dams at impoundments, the provision for proper drainage of the former canal right of way: provision was made for the employment of proper legal, technical and other assistance needed to carry out the provisions of the Act and administration of the properties, power was given to secure and executecontract3 forthe purposes and directives herein; and to receive monies from the sales, and rentals or other income there from. canal use being discontinued, such property was dedicated to public use as public highways and for any and all purposes of public highways. chapter 448 Laws of 1948. This Act terminated the terms of office of the present directors of the Morris canal and Banking company and reduced their number to three, two of whom constituted a quorum. The commissioner of the Department of conservation and Economic Development, the Director of Budget and Accounting, Department of Treasury, and the Director of the Treasury, and their successors were made eligible to serve as Directors of the company. Reservoirs Greenwood Lake, a total area of 1,920 acres, of which 668 acres are by deed in fee, 119 acres in New York state acquired by con demnation and by deed; 1,133 acres in bed of lake not owned. Greater detail on the acquisition of lands by the canal company can be found in the report on property titles, prepared at the request of Mr. J.J. Truncer, during 1970 and 1971. The storage capacity of the Lake is said to be 1,340,000,000 cubic feet: the original dam was of stone masonry 180 feet long and 14 feet high with a waste-way, or spillway, of 100 feet in length. Flood flows rose about 1.9 feet above the overflow indicating a flood flow of about 31 c.f.s. per sq. mile. As much as 68 c.f.s. was drawn 5

through the gates under canal company operations and flowed down the wanaque to be taken into the Pompton Feeder near its junction with the Ramapo. As much as 40 to 49.5 c.f.s. was taken in the canal Feeder at this point, and from readings and guagings the estimated average yearly draft was 38 c.f.s. based on a range from 30 to 50 c.f.s. The Lake has a watershed of 28 square miles. Today Greenwood Lake is highly developed and the many cottages, hotels, and cabins in the vicinity, indicate its popularity as a year-round resort and recreational area. There are numerous boat liveries at the lake, and a few sites for launching car-top boats are available.

The most recent (past 10 years) aro~~d the lake development has been year round residences. This change has caused more sub ground discharge (septics) being used beyond their original designs. 6

PHYSICAL FEATURES: Area - 1,920 acres Mean depth-17 feet Elevation-621 feet Maximum depth-57 feet CHEMICAL FEATURES: Oxygen-sufficient to a depth of 34 feet pH neutral BIOLOGICAL FEATURES: Vegetation-heavy in the shallow New Jersey area water color-green, clear

About 5~/o of the shallow area is rock and ledge, 45% sand and gravel, and 5% muck. Much of the shallow area is weed infested. The clearness of the water may contribute to the heavy growth of aquatic vegetation in the shallows since the sunlight can penetrate . to a considerable depth. The bottom of the deeper areas consists of mud, detritus, clay, rock, gravel and sand. (See Map (M-2} LOCATION: Just east of Route No. 511. The New York-New Jersey boundary line divides the lake approximately in half. see location Map (M-1) The following report covers most of the biological conditions within Greenwood Lake in relation to the Fisheries. 7

M·l

00 LAKE GREENWO ling site ® TributarylSI•~g Site X LakeSa:apn il'ty Sewage Tre& tment Fac 1 Kia. f I f 1

.. New~MapLocation l York -·.. New Jersey .... . ·,

GREENWOOD LAKE PASSAIC COUNTY 1920 ACRES 16.9' MEAN DEPTH 621' ELEVATION ""' -.. ...,-~e:3 0 1460 R920 •UBO SCALE IN FEET. .. POMPTON LAKES -)

20- 30-'--..... 40-·'----

SYMBOLS DE - Detrllue P - P ..t R - Rubble GR- Grevef CA- Cou.. Rubblt SL ..._Silt FR- Fino Rubble . Mi\- r.tuo;k RD - Roclc &D - Send 80- Boutd.. fot - Morl IR- Beef Rock·~ Locleo C - Cler

00 I. 9

FISH AND FISHING Largemouth Bass - Fair to good. Better fishing is generally found early in the year and again in the Autumn. Good rate of growth. Smallmouth Bass - Fair. This species is not as commonly taken as the largemouth bass, nor does it appear to be as abundant. New Jerseys record smallmouth was taken from Greenwood Lake. Good growth rate. Pickerel - Good. One of the most popular and one of the most easily caught of the game species in the lake. It also provides good sport for the ice fisherman. Growth rate is extremely varied. Yellow Perch - Ranges from poor to good. Indications are that they are common here. Good rate of growth. calico Bass - poor. Reportedly scarce in this lake. Average rate of growth. Sunfishes- Excellent. New Jersey's record sunfish was taken here. Most common is the bluegill. Next in abundance is the red-breasted sunfish, with the pumpkinseed least common of the three. All show average growth rate. Rock Bass - Fair. Found to be fairly common and with average rate of growth. Bullheads - Good. The northern brown bullhead and the white catfish are found to be quite numerous. Good rate of growth. 10

The twenty-seven species of fish found in Greenwood Lake include the following:

BROWN TROUT PUMPKINSEED EASTERN CREEK CHUBSUCKEI RAINBOW TROUT ROCK BASS COMMON WHITE SUCKER LARGEMOUTH BASS NORTHERN BROWN BULLHEAD MUDMINNOW SMALLMOUTH BASS WHITE CATFISH GRASS PICKEREL EASTERN CHAIN PICKEREL GOLDEN SHINER EASTERN BANDED KILLIFISI YELLOW PERCH BRIDLED SHINER SALTWATER KILLIFISH CALICO BASS SATINFIN SHINER LANDLOCKED-ALEWIFE BLUEGILL SUNFISH JOHNNY DARTER TADPOLE MADTOM READBREASTED SUNFISH BLUESPOTTED SUNFISH WALLEYED PIKE REPORTED: WHITE PERCH • ha,,.t <.:haup;cd eon~iderahl y ~inct• I t_):i(.J. T•u~ .'H::-"',. Jcn~e) Lab.t: ::-;ur\ •~) ~ uuw .> in progress, alfordcol an exedlcut "l'l'"rtuf,ity fur a cuupcralile pr.,gralll A FISHERIES SURVEY OF :-··:... · thai "'ouhl t'otul>im! the fad I itics awlt•"r~··I•Hcl of Luth state,;. The pur puy .,f the iun•stil!;atiou "as lwu-folol: L lo dctermint: the euuditiun uf the fr;.ht:r~ iu the lake awl, if pus,ible, Gl{EENWOOD LAKE* plan and devdup a managcmeul pwgr am th<.t r·~>uld be undertaken jointly b)- .\ew York and New Jersey. :2. Renmtnaentl nt:ccssary dt;ua~es in alt.- ia11!> ami regulatit•tos in lwtlt lntroductit~nt sl.ik;. .,o that a uniform t•utlt• 11ould ap(•l:· l••r augln~ holding either a A ~un ": . ,j Crccll\1 outl Lake . - . d d - . 1\e"'· York or New Jersey fishing license. of 1951, },, the !itaffs of the S ~has m;. eh ~nng _the_ Winter aud summer fk.cause Greenwood Lake lies in II\., St.. th. .\ew York and .\ew Jcrser, !:itale Con~n at ion Departmen;u ;rl~ ~ :nes Dlsln~t _of the New y orlc there are problems which du nul Mdinaril ~ ari,e in such inn:sligalions. of Fi!ih ar.d (;ame of the N . J an r>e a e Sune~- Lmt of the Di\'isiun Mon. I of tlwsc IH're eont:ernctl 11 itlt diffcr.,r.t ~il.t' limits, bag limit::;, length · e\\ er,ot-1· eparlmt-nl , f C · 1 • nomu: (J.,~ -::-l••Jllllt'lll Tl .. I· k . -1 J . onsenatJon t"pl., Ul•{•n ag-reement with New Jersey, to 1836, a dam "as built by the 1\~orr~s C~lg I on For~e and Sawmill.' In ~late by order, seasons, size limits and creel limits for the taking of fish tees for the ~tate of New J . . . na an_d Banking Company, Trus in Greenwood Lake. The Ne,,· Jerse) Di,·i-"i•:.n of Fish and Game also has the lake and brought it er~)~ ~hlch appr_oxunatel~· doubled the area of the J.><•Wer to enter into su{·h rel'iprocal a~rrtmenls with its neighboring I up o lb present s1ze of 1 'PO a Tl · d .•.'• slates. Table IX presents a summar)· of tht' former fishing regulations of was rep at c-.::l by a new structure erected in l1J2--2'J . - h cres. _us am ·,:'· day, Green"'ood Lake is an extre J I ' on I e same slle. To the t"'·o stales. 1The new regulations adopted hy both stales are listed on me popu ar ~·ear-round resort area. y ~e 137 under Recommendation \o. 6.1 Purpose ol lnu~atigatioo Mc:thodtt oflnveatigution Although this Jake was survered in 1'J36 I . . York wa~ ur·de t· k' · . . ' · 1 unng the JWr&od "·hen New . - . r a wg &Is slale-1\lde hwlogical sun-en th This investigation was di1 idetl into t"·o part~. a winter sun·e)· and a her of rea:;orb for a recheck at this time ·• I h 6 . ' er~ were a nuru con\·t"ntional summer survey. there was a need for more spec'6 d ·+ n II. e r~l place II was felt that \l'inter Survey: The winter sun·e~- co~i,;ted of a creel census of ice -.-.. I 115 c ata on Ius lake conditions might fishermen, recordiug the neees~ar)· infom:alion regarding the numbers Tlu. r<'pun. h&, h.-en compiled hy John D (;o I . . . and Spt"Cies of fish caught, aaul the length. \H•ight and sex of the speci JYork Cun~naiJon lkparltnf'nl and Ruland F ·s . "t d,F,:o\hquaur Bwlo~t•l uf rite Nrw t'r..-y [)._,,,,n ,.f f•-1• and Cam.- I I .. milt, '' <'rtr· Bt"l"~'"' fur llu- Nt·w men,;. This information is summarizt•d in Talole \':. Also included was a f rl S I ,- • . un• •·r Itt· ·up•·ni-ion i C ., II " It: • our ,,.,c. T ,,fu·no·; Diolricr I :\e"· Yurk l I 0 " _,_,., r_ao·ux, in dour,;e routine \\ater aualysis. (See 1'uble XI.J lor of rite [),.,,, ..n uf Fi,;h and Came t \"" J.-~::.• I r ..\. llralon Lu,f.-rhill, Oiro·c· w.:re: Ne" J.,.r,...~ . Huland F. Smirlt AI H " .. _Y . \lt·nol~e·n. of lfu· survey unils :'ummer Survey: A sketch map 11a:> lli-'·.le uf Greenwood Lake. This t•l_.u McH.:~ru--u. Paul Tlwmpoon and Roy )·::,:::.'::1• ~u·ltartl (,ru,;, Rolu•rt lluLt'r, map ._huws the sounding tlata, type,; uf L.. ,;,.m aaul location of nels and nm, and F · \. Tuman. lndividuul o·upit"• of rh·"' r. · "". \ <•rl.. -Jul111 Guuf,f, J. S. 1 cht·mieal stations. lo I h.: N. \. ~!~lr Lon>. Do·pr. 311 :\I ill s~ p "1 ["""rl_ mar h<' uhlaino·d loy wriring t Tit.- •latf.' '"·· ..;., 111 h,·m 'r; 1 •. j)_. .. uug 1 ,.,.'""'· '\: \. Gill awl trap nets 11ere an inapurlaut mt•lh, ... i of !'ampliug fi,.Ja tluriug the .. ;,J, lo lhau' ~- \. ·1. .. f I •\t\c-ro.·- •·1~11·1 ht·rir> Diolri.-J uf lht" \o·\\ y., ·k ·· . r~cetuf·J. a cl'qu,-,. lu >llrvo·y I his lal..e from ilte Or ' ((·~•u"·n alh•ll Uo·pal'lmt·nt aJ,., as,. ... r It'd l-'izes, for exarnplc, 1',~ ", 2" and l' ·. :'inn~ each mesh is selt~dive llun o Spurls Clulos. IUI~t' ·" 11 111~ I '\e"· Yurk I Fo·•l•·nt· in it;. ,·atda, a :.d three tlillcrtc"nl sizes 11 ill t •• i..- fi::-h of at least three ,,·itlely 1 arir.i :>ize groups. l 124 ] [ 125] ..... OXYGEN P.P.M. In aJdition to the gill lll"ts, four trap nels were usecl. Thro>t> of these 12 13 14 \H"r" 4 fuol nets and un•· .1 6 foot net. Tht>se nets \\ill t~apture ..m.l holcl any 5 6 7 8 9 10 fish too large to swim thmugh its meshes. " t I New Jersey gill net =>izes were 100' x 6' x 3~~,; 200' x 6' x ;!I~, and I 100' x 6' x 1". lndidclual st'ls were usually employed. Tra11 Dl'la were ' all four-foot neb. Other methods used by New Jersey indu.ic.>d seining 'I "·ida varihus size sc•ines from 20 to 150 feel in length. Both night and tiay I 10 I seining was done. Rotenone was used to sample fish populations in re I stricted areas of tht• laL.e. I See page 135.) '

Pbya!lical Concliaiuns Greenwood Lake is an artificial body of water of approuJuatd)· 1,9:!0 ~20~r---~--~~--~-t~~--~ acres. It has a maximum depth of 57 feel and a mean depth of 17 feet. l1J It is estimated that approximately half of the lake has a depth of 10 feet l1J or less. The lake is located at an elevation of 621 feet abo\·c sea level. " About 50% of the shallow or littoral area is rock and ledge• .&5% sand z 30 and gravel and perhaps 5~ muck. The bottom in the d~~r areas is - composed of mud, detritus, clay, rock, gravel and some sand. }luch of the :X: ~ ahallow areas are weed-infested, as can be seen by a look at the map. · Q. There are eight streams feeding Greenwood Lake. All of thac arc smaU, l1J 40 the largest is 0.9 miles in length, and most of them are dry or nearly so Q during the summer month;,. The outlet, Wanaque Rh·er, ia in ~e"· Jersey. This ftows into Wanaque Reservoir, then joins the Pompton River which ia one of the main branches of the Pauaic River. 50 Greenwood Lake is highly developed, with cottages on nearly every available aile along the lake shore. 1\fanr hott'ls ami cabim are located on or near the lake, and indicate its popularit)" as a recrutiunal area. There are four boat liveries on the lake. 60 70 C.hemicaland Temperature Conditiona 50 TEMPERATURE •F Routine water anal)ses were made by both the New York and New Jersey crews during the summer of 1952, and by !'\ew Yur&.: in fdoruary, AREA Of WATER DEFICIENT IN OXYGEN 1951. These data are summarizecl in Tables XI, XII and .\wendix VI. The lake stratifies during the aummer, and oxygen was found to be TEMPERATURE insufficient for the normal development of fish life below a depth of tltirly - OXYGEN to thirty-four feet in Autrust 1951. Thus, while tt>mperature~ in the dt'eper --- LIMITS Of THERMOCLINE water wen~ found to be l>Uitable for trout, the low c~unc:eutr ali .. u ,,f clis· . h , di....ohed OX}-14'0 and solved OX)'gen would pre\·ent their utilization of mo::ot of tlah area. (See BG. 22.-Profite dia,ram •howl~l l e temp• rlllure, -. l t ltSl. Fisure 22 ami Table XII.)* area of water defiei-l in OllJIC:D ID Greenwood Lake, A... aa '

• The hij:her oxyl{l'n ronh:nl for Greenwood Lake shown in Fi!fure 2:! '*' .-ompared c;c•nc•r&ll Uirolo:::i•·al f:unKide•rutions 111 Tat.lt: XII, ia fmm tlu· •l ..r;o ,,f,tairu·d in Au;,w•t loy tho• \o•w .l··r···:: ~ : .. ·v Crt:\\". This cunt't"lllratiuu of tli ..ol\r. fish is perhap:> the '!~os~ po.pular au I "·atershed, accounts fur the exten:oiH• growth of aquatit· \cgetatiun, par easiest caught uf tlw game sprties present in the l.a"-~· F ash~ng as rep~):'~. ticularly in the :;hallow New Jcrse~· area. A further iwlication o{ the rela tu be go{l(lcluring tire early p•ut of the sea:,;on. whrle tce fish~ng hrc:con -.Ill tive!)' high fertility of this lake "a" obf't'n·ed in August, 1951, when a fila· ' · I 1 · · rage for lakes m t as reg~<•IL ,lie ate that the anglers suece:>,. IS a wu ~'e. ~ . 1 mentou:,; algae Spyro1o·rt1 SJJ. \\'a>' fc.•und to he su abundant as to Le nmsitl (See 1'able X.) The gro\l.th 0 { this specaes an Lreenwood Lake appear~ cred a "bloom". The super saturatiun of dissolved oxygen that was ftmnd 111 be extremely varied. Some indi,•iduals were found to have grown qu1~ at this time (figure 22) may well hne been the result of increased photo· I uJOrly, while others showeti good growth. The a\·erage rate of gro~~ · synthetic acti\'it}' of these tiny but abundant plants. A strong soutJt-east !hough not comparable to the "Letter" north Jerse)· lakes, can be con::.td· win4 that blew for several days during this period concentrated this algae ~ ercd to bt• satisfactory. The largl'st specimen ob~aioed was a female twcn· into a slimy "scum" alung the bead1 at the north end of the lake. Such a ty-five inches in length, in her fifth summer of hfe, " . . I" condition was considered extremel~· unpleasant by bathers in this section. In the winter creel census of anglers on this_ lake, P.•ke-prckere . were It is reported that in the latter part of the summer a series of "isl~mds" re orted caught on a few occasions. The identity pf thrs fish rema1ned a rise to the surface, where they remain for several weeks before sinking to i m~stcr)' until the winter of 1952, when such a fish was caught by a: ant~r I the bollom. These floating mas~es are composed of dead and .dying or in Lake Hopatcong. This fish prov~d to be a c~oss ~etween ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ 1 ~ ! ganic matter that have heen made huo~ ant by gases formed Ly hal'luial vickerel, Esox niger and the grass packerel, Esox f'"'encanus. ~-ht: -~') acti\'ity at the bouom of the lake. t These bacteria also cause the depletion men measured eighteen inches in length and, as C4D be seen ~} 18" 1 ~ of the oxygen in the water at this le,·el.) When enough gas has been clearly showed the characteri:;tics of both speciesJ This ~~tmen .-as a trapped in such an organic mass, it breaks away from the bottom and three-year old female that contained eggs. Fu~~r qu~llonmg th~~ul~ rises to the surface. This process is a natural phenomenon that is not un out the day revealed that man~· anglers distingu&s~ed thas_ fish b a ~ · common in lakes, particularly in highly produdi\·e waters. At the presl'nt pickerel". It was also reported that such fish w·er~ somell~ucs taken rruan time not enough is known about laLe metabolism to control, or prevent other New Jersey lakes, including Greenwood. Thus, whale no sue~ fi,~ these occurrences. was seen at Greenwood Lake. the fact that many _anglers ca~ ~ecogntu 11 and that a few "pike-pickerel" were reported, iodacates that at as probabl) General Fishery Contlilions present here. Greenwuod Lake rcn~in·, l'ou~itluaJ,Jc fi,.hing pressure during tlu· ~unr· mer months and again during the iu•fishing season. llowe\'er, there are no data to indicate that the lake i;; being over-fished. It is one of the "better" lakes located near the !\e"· York-~ew Jersey metropolitan area; thi:,; to a large degree aceuunts for its popularity, both as a resort area and for anglers. The total uumber of game and pan specil:'s eolleeted tlur inl! this suney is suuuuarizetl iu Tai,Je :XIII. An e\'aluatiou uf thl'sc ~pccics follows: Largemouth bms: Good fishing is ~enerally found early in the year and again in the autumn. They are cummonly sought for by anglers. Condi tions for this species Wl're fuund to J,e I!Cnerally gouti. parti•·ularl\' in the '\I'll' Jt-rse} cud o{ the lalt~. as 1\ ell a,. the extreme uorllwru t•ntl. :-\1111 I\ u int-: facilities appeared lu he adequate and growth was fouutl to he gout!. , 1 f ~hoeen a chain a•iekenL f.'..ox .\ length u( twel\'c inches was allained hy fish in their fourth or fifth nc;. 23.-llybrid arickc~d- Re~u ~ ., • r~·~·· ba frum l.ake llupateuna. ,., ... ui~t.r X &rll~t; pielt.crd, t;wll Untf'rii'CIIIU•• .IIU& ,.ummer u{ life. The large;,t iutli\ i•luul Iuken measured uinett~en inches in l,.,.,,.y, Januilr:V 1952. leuJ!Ih aud was uirw p·ars oltl. ,'imalluwutlt ba~s: This e:-.n·ll•·ul l:_!UJuc ~Jll'l'ies is uul "" coHruruul} Ia leu r,·/low l'erclt: Hcpurt, ~~" ~dluw p..rdr li~lring range frum l""'hr t·· .; ·J"J: · tl · I· ke and that t n /.d a a~ the largemouth, nor tlucs it appcar "' l.oe as alourulant. Tht·ir nrte of lruli•:atimrs wew that the) ,.,,. •:ollllll"~ 1 111 11" • a ' II : ·d ha growth was found to be good for this l>ectiun of the cuuntr~·. The New guucl rate uf growth. Se\Nal ~wdvt' 111dr ttpecrmens were co edt. I l York data, which was more complt•te f,,r this spceies, ~>lrowed that growth .. IH're in their uinth !'urnn•N ,,J llf•~. tl' r 12:-: 1 t . 1 undant P•)pulation of nK·k bass. It is perhaps unnect•;.sary to mention '' J 1 f k L · eal'lrl<~ >'II tlw en•,; of ::omall- Culi~·u 1Jtls5, or nappie, are rt•purtetlly scarce iu thi,; l..:.i.-. Spring nef thilt the t)fl-r,·purlt'! account o roe va;;; e • ' . - ling OJJtoratiuns by the New )' ork c.:rew resulted in the t:ap:.Jt" of only fifty' 10 uths is awthing short of fantasy. 11 one calicos, which would seem to bear out the angle~· ohservations· Two ro<·k has!> collected from Grcem,·oO!l Lake, de-\ en and e~e,•en a~d · htl - ·111che"' respecti\"l'h·. were 1m:.bably clo~ It~ the malumum s1ze These fish \\·ere first stocked by 1\"e,,· Jersey in JI)(H and :;~wrtly aftcrwar•l three elg I" - . b h . I . uund in this secti•m of the countrv. The~· \\ere ot lfl t 1e1r were reportedly doing well. In 1936, however, the Nc"' Y.:,rk Survey imli' .. ,•ncr ally f . I I I cated that the calico bas!' stocking program had failed. .-\t the presc(lt .-... ltll sunun•·r uf life and slw,,etl exet'llent growth ..\;;.a genera rue t 1e • 1" I d . I . l time, <·alicos appear tu he ahle to maintain tlu:m~dn:,; ar .. relatively lo•¥ ,lle.· · taken b\·. an~'lers., will be un er etg 1t mc 1es. I Je,el. This is just as well in view of the uce!':;ive numben vf fi:>h alreadY Bttllheads: T 1.-0 species were found in ~reenwo~ Lake, and t 10:>e ang· well <"Stahli,hed in this lake. The growth of this species appearetl to bt" lcrs who ha,·e learned of the exc~Uenl eatmg-qualihn of these fi,h report good on the Lasis of the limited data available. . od fi,hing The northern brown bullhead was found to oted :;unlisb, are all present in Greenwood Lake. T'-':fcili<'f they maklf I a~ be distinguished from the brmm bullhead b~· tls forke ta an atter m r I . The th f Loth up the most signifit·ant fishery in the lake, and indeed maJ be the .moil white chin harbles. It also attains a arger sue. grow o popular species in :;o far as the average sununer a~kr is concerneJ; species appeared to be good. Under certain conditions sunfishes may be serious predators on th~' Forage and lli11t'ellaneous Sp~ieli eggs and ~·oung of l>lbs. They ma)' also compete direct!~- "ith both large - ;··· and smaiLuouth ba:;,; for food and habitat. The .. mallmuuth ;c-ems less able Three species of minnows were found in Green-:ood Lake. Most abun· to stand such competition than the largemouth, whicb ~~ partly explaill (: tl t of these was the golden ahiner, or roach. In splle of the fact that these the rdali\"e scarcih· of smallmouths in this lake. .•.. 6~~ are extremelv abundant in most lakes of this r-ePon, and also that Sune~· records .indicated that the bluegill \\liS the m·~ abundant of s mal-e an exc~llent bait 6sh thev are seldom found in the stpmachs of -~~ t Ilef a. , . " • tl C)-Q tl1e three abo\·e mentioned sunfishes. They ''ere to be fou.nd throughoul '.5.. , bass or pic~erel. Studies condudeJ hy the New Je~,- L~ke ~une~ ·a the laL~ anti reportekr other ~pecit·!' to goltten ~hint>r'-" .. or ~,·het~t-r g.-:.ldt-n shmers are ~o~ gills. as availalolt." ~ other fish i;; not cerlalll. ~tutlte;; h11 r: ,.)~"" n that ''lit n A hyJ,rid, the result of a cross he~"·een a Lluegill and rt-tdLreastcJ suw farm fishpond;; ha\·e Leen stocked with bass and golden shmers, _the gold~n fish \\a~ also taken Juring the course of this suney. Such ct, though the h)britls d.:, 11ot often seeall present they. will flourish. . . capable of producing ullspring. An exception to this apparent preference for ~unfi~h ts m early June: The rt•tihreasteJ suufish was next in abundance an.! '·,;.o contributeJ " <•oolden shiners 1.:1\e ret"t'lllh hatc-hetl. r.-.r a 11et'k th It-· II l).l\, \\H•Il\41I Uri ~~ · . significantl~ to the angler's cref'l. It "·as fnuml au .. ,t ; : .mdant in lcs; oluring thi~ 1.._.riod, hass awl piekerd fry are f..u.:>i lo (t'ed ur~. t''>h'll- 1\cl.'d~· art·.Js of tl1c lake. Tlll'ir rate of gn1111h 11as .J\• ~ ~;:t fur lakes i•• . 1 tltese young golden shiner;;. and preownaloly other mmnows. bi\'C y on · n1 this u~ion. After thb short interval the young sunfishes become the most unporta The pumpkinsct>tl. or eummun sunfish, appeared "' Le LUt- least commorl ,iu~lc food item. . . . . of the:;._. thrt•e spe•·ib uf sunfish, and tloes not ;.t>em t•· ~~ <·aught as fre' It ,,,.11 1.1 _,.,. 111 (,-., 1n tht·": .lata tl1.1l ;.rool IJdio·\ c-. :\not her pollll agal.u~t •tUl'nlh ,,, tlu~ other ll1u. Along "ith the retll•rt'.l>lt-ol ·. · ;.-!.. this spceit'>' ;, Iorant"' ~JJt:"l 1... ~ J c • i, prt~kll•h nat in.· I•• these waters, ''bile lht• loluq;ill h ... , ::_.-.,·n inlnuluceJ• ~oltlenc ::hiner,; as a Jcsirable forage· ll,;h is that they grow raptdl~· to ~ Their ralt' t\( gro111h 11as also fo,untl to he a1erage. l .• rgc size, at "'hich time they can onl)· be ea_ten l.y the largest of ~a~s . 1 · ·k 1 This faetor mav lwiJ' to explam tht aiiUnt.lance of large Ro.-/.; /.,!.<.~: Thi- fi,h is ofku .-aught I·~ ,.mallm••uth :.""'"' anglers fo( ·"" pu er.- . . · . . . · f .. 1 11 thl'l ill•' u~ualh l·ro·-•·ul in .. ,, pit·ar· ,.nu•lln11>ulh l,;,j.o• ,-. It was fotmtl ·I j 1. ·•-I lakt·~. The '"•l•"llillltt' ••I tho'll 1•·.· - ""'l''·lll.-1.. J,.," • .,, · _.• :.- direetlr (u( I t a 11· 111 1"tcJ extcut food. has uol hccn slw te• ,., yd. II" ~1woe,. ' t illll ' 0 . • . \ . J . >pan• 1lu t 1 ~ as ahundant in Gr<'<'II\\Uotl Lak-. a• 111 must - c1• o-rsey food an.l in lak•·~ of this tH•e lht'y lh>t "l't•t:ar t·:. l.•t' as :serious)' twl a(•pcar '' I.IC cnmp•·tit,•r u( the ~utallmuuth a~ the sunti:;ht'>'. ur t:H•r. tl-.c largemouth water~. Lass. :\l.1u\ of the J,..~t smallmouth bass watt'r:l in tlw •:• _r.!ry contain lUI I HI l Both the bridled shiners and :;.atinfiu shiners were ahundanl luculh seems to be particularly II\ ailahlc to pickerel. As can he seen by_ ..1 ~~;~m·" among the IUJUIItie vegetation. like the golden shiners they were nul fr~ ill Tahle XIV, pickerel were found to Le fet>ding on them to a sagmtwanl •tuently found in the stomachs ,,{ bass and pickerel. tlegree. The silwhelly is the ;o..uue fish that runs up into our coastal ~tr.-a_m" The Johnny tlarter, a small fish of the perch family that hugs the gra\. and rivers in the spring to spa\nt. Here it is usually known as ~he al.-\\afe. elly bottom, was fairly common in Greenwood Lake. h seldom attains a In their normal environment they attain a length of fourteen mch<'>'. and length of over three inches, i~ usually comuwn, and often found in the are sold on the market fur fu<>d. In freshwatrr they rarely attain a l<'ngth ~;lomachs of smaller bass and pid.rrel. uf nine inches-generally a\ enging a maximum size of six inch~. ~hey Another important forage !>pet:it>:O is the little bluespotled sunfish. This are abundant in Greenwood lake, and un cloudy days or in the "'' .-nmgs attractive little fish grows lo a maximum size of three inches and, though they will be seen or heard ft>t.>Oing at the surface in dense cornpat·t schools. abundant ami1lst the aquatic \\et'd~. is probably little known by must an~ lers. Along with the young of perch ancl sunfishes, it comprises a signifi DitJeuses und Puru11ilea cant portion of the food found in the stomachs of bass and pickrrd. Some pilrasites were noteti during the examination of the fis~ talen from Although the eastern creek chubsucker is generally found to· be com Greenwood lake, but they \\t>re not found occurring in suffictrnt numl:rrs mon in lakes of this region, it "'as taken only on a few occasions during to cause alarm. The black grub was noticed on one smallmouth ba..~. ~ev this survey. Only one common sucker was collected during this same eral yellow perch were found with intestinal parasites, but only one or period by the New Jersey crew. and the New York data indicated a simi two had heavy infestations. lar condition. .·~""" In general any parasitic infestations, such as the black or yeUuw· grub, '..·-· Mudminnows were found to be common in areas of excessive weed . ~ ,' or infestations of the internal organs, should not cause any undue l'(•ncern growths, particularly where there was an accumulation of mud and/or to the angler who may want to eat them--i)r his wife, who rna)- b.ne to detritus. These are occasionalt)· found in the stomachs of bass and clean them. Naturally, a fish that is heavil)· parasitized would not make ·-.~1.. .• pickerel. "i an appetizing dish, but fish parasites occurring naturally in and around The banded killifish did not snm to occur in very large numbers, being :~ Greenwood Lake will not generally harm humans, even thougll the 65-h be occasionally taken in shallow areas over gravel or sandy bottoms. A few· eaten raw, though this i!l nul recommended. Farther wrst along tht> Gr~at 11pedmens of the saltwater killifish were also found. It may well be that Lakes the broadfish tape\\orm has become introduced and is 11° 110. earned this species, after having been introduced via the bait bucket, has become by some of the local fish species. Howe\·er, this parasite &«mi to have established here just as the~ hne in many freshwater lakes and pond&. been restricted to localized regions of the country where peopk ba,·e the A few grass piekrrel, or t;ra~, pike, were eolleeted. This fish is rarrly t·ustom of eating raw fi~h. tlistinguished fr01u the chain pid..:erel hy the awrage angler. h seldom Jn condusion it can be ;.tated that any fish, properly cooL.e.\. wa~ ht· exceed!! the minim~m legal size for chain pickerel, so it is usually thru..,·n eaten without fear of brt·oming infested "·ith parasites. batk as an undersized fish. :\ >"pedes of the coastal plain, it is more abun· dan I in streams than in pond,; and, fortunately, not abundant in Green· Stocking llistury wood Lake. As mentionetl earlier. there is strong evitlence to indicate that Yellow pikeperch (..,alle\t>d pike) \\ere unce stocked in Green"'•·<•d lake this species occasionally breeds with the dtain pi<·kert•l. ani I f unu~· IICI I goot I fi "' h.tng f or a pcnu . d o f ~car!;,· I n th e :\e"· . J"r'e'· - · . He- The tadtmle madtom. another !;mall ami iueonspieuous fi,.h .,f uur in· purl of the Stille Museum 1 liJ05) it \\as rcported that, •·Ounr:,: the past laud lakes, was found to be aloundant in restricted areas of the lake, prin· summer the walleyed pike have made their appearance in Gr~n"' ,,..~d lake cipally in areas of weed gro\\th ..,·ida a mud or detritu~; bottom. This fish and lake Hopatcong in large numb.:rs. They are hailed "tth dt-hght by i11 ohen mistaken for a young Lullhead but may be tJistinguished from the all persons visiting those "'atrrs, and large tatehes of these 6:>h. are ~ade lilller b) the coutiuuation of the adiptJSI~ ur Ht~shy fin '' ith tlw tail. Tlu-;.e almo~t c\'t'r) tlay, the ,ize lwing from I\\O to four pound:; :!'! weav.h~; are di.-tint:tly separated in eatfi~h and lmllheads. :-ipccimens ha\'c heen tal..en. howev_er, weighing six and one h.1:: l"•Untk Madtoms makc exccllent ha!;s bait, hut must be handletl with caution This fish WiiS first stocked hy New Jersey in 19(}.1.. They were reported Ly sinee the t~cloral s~1iues are rcpurted tu <~uutain vcrwm sacs ill their La:;e. the l1J36 survey conducted Ly the New York Conservation Ot-partment If the "Pille!! pundun· lht• ~kin tlwy may t·aust· C'llll~iclt•ralolt• pain for H.'\'• anti arc sl ill ueensiunalh reported by anglers. . . eral huurs. There is 1111 tloul•t, hui•Uer, that the \\dlle\t' Ji,.hl'r)' has dett.~ •-•I lo tilt' Perhaps the IIIOSI irup!•rtant f,,rage Ji~>ll r.. r the larger carnivorous 5pt:· puinl where anglers nn l•onger attempt to fish for tl1t:m. The ~ea;.t:•~s are cies in Greenwood lake is the landlockctl lu~rring, or sawLdl)'. This fillh nul known, Lui a;tudies sb,,ultl be made tu determine the de;u al•thty of f I :t2 I [ 133 l another allemvt at intr.w.lueing thios species. At the s;unt' tinlt' stutlieos A Stutly o{ the> 1-'i .. h Population in n should also he iuiti•ltetl ttl dt"termine the factors nccessan· f,,r th .. t>uccess- ful sun•ival of this l"Jlt't'i.-s here. . Smull Co,·e in (;reenwootl Luke While lwth b~o·~·n anti rainbow trout have heen stocked here in the past In the course of the surve~·s conducted by the New J.-r:<~- Division ••f h'y New Jersey, II 1s onh" on rare occasions that 11 trout is reported caught. Fish and Game, it has been found that rotenone• can often be used sut·· 1 hese are apparcntlr taL:en mo,tly by ice fishermen. cessfully, with a great saving of time and money, for ,;a::.pling fish popu In adJitinn In the abo, e SJWt'i.-s the lake ha,; lot•f'n ~to<'kf'tl b1 \'t'w York lations in small ~e<'lions of lakrs or ponds. Unlike a :><."inr or other furm with small mouth hass anti yell·}~- perch; and hy New ]t'rse~-. ~-ith large· of sampling gear. it is not selecth·e to any one siz~ or "'P'<-''i~ of fish. thus mouth J,ass, smallmuuth hass. Lluegill$, yelluw JWrch. pickerel, calico bass, it is possible to ieh•n SJJt'f:ies of fish fouutl in GreemmoJ Lake ali a piing technitJUe "·as applied on Greenwood Lake, had a surface area of ap· result of the joint suney hy :'\e"· York and New Jersey. Some of the mem proximately one third of an acre. The maximum depth "'ti ie\'en feet. the b~rs of this cosmopolitan fish population, such as the trout and yellow average depth three feeL The estimated volume was one and one half acre ptkcperch are extremely rare and, ~ith the possible exception of the wall feet. The lake bottom consisted of gravel and ledl$e• as did also the shore· eye, will not spawn here. Others. though \'cry <'onunon, ma~- not be known line. Towards the inner section of the co,·e tlaer~ \\ere dense submerged to the a~e~age angler. This fut is not meant to be complete by a.n~· means; weeds. The cove "as cut off with a gill net about one hour after sundo\\'11- though It 18 felt that an}" species occurring in significant nurnhers has been presumably after some of the larger baas had moved io to f~. Rotenone found. was applied and the following morning the fish picked up, counted and Game and panjiJh weighed. Since the water \\·as quite clear all l'rge fi,.b in deep water could be readily !cell and reco\·ered. The abunda~ce of ~mall fish, as well Bro ..-n Crout, Salmt> ,,..,,a, l.innacus as the dense aquatic growth at the end of the cove, matk a complete re· Rainbow trout, Slllmo ~airdneri, Gibbons l.argrmouth Lass, .lli_croptenu salmoides, ( Lacrpt"tt'd >unli,;h. Ltpomi,; auritus, (Linnaeus) J>umplmseed. Lrpomis ,Pttu~u.s. U.innaeus) peeled population in any gi,·en CO\'e in Greenwood Lake. It merely indi RocL; La.s, AmUuJ>lites rupt'stris, RalineliiJUe cates that the numbers of fish along any given area of :;horeline may be i\nrtlu-rn lm.wn bullht-ad, .-lmtiuTus nebulosus tl.t·Sueur J \lhite utfi,h, lctlllurus ciJius greater than might be suspected by the casual obsener. There are no <'umparable data on similar lakes in thi• r-:-gion. hut data Misl·ellllneuus species from other lak~s would seem to indicate that the yieiJ ir·>:JJ this co\e of a <:olatiulin •hint·r, .\uuu,.is analMtanus (Girard) Significant in this one sampling from Greemwod Lake "'Ai' the scarcitr of .lnlmn)· al~o ten•fPt:! fr, }lt'ar thi;o '•Ut: Fa•l•·rn •·r·..-~ d:ul.- .:cl-•·r. Eri111_1 ;un oUungus 1 \litdaill• '""'"'"" "hill: "u-1..-r. c,,,,,lfomus commusoni •l.an·pedl'• namely, that suckers and roach did not appear to 1·-: .,\t-rly abundant. \lauhuiunow, l'm/,ra l''~maro I DeKay) Cta>> pit:ko:rd, £Jf>X am.-rir-wus ((;melin) • Uotenone is a derris-rout de..-hati~e that will inhiLit the neuz<.-r.-bpiratory ccnt<-rs l~a>h-m luuulrd killifi,h. fu'ldulus diaph111111S I 1..-Su .. ur) i ol the fish's hrain and close uv the capillarit•s uf the gills, c,.: •• inj!: death within a ~-'h'"'""r l.allUflant 111111 U'>.,f._,i 1'-"•J IO tJu, fj,J,•·ri~b Liologi~;~ illlereot<:d in IHlmpling the fish population uf ll gi1~en ar•ll •:I ~ato:r. _ Heporlt>tl: t The compo~itiun, Ly wcighl, of the ~a•·iou• gnua&•~ of fi•he, al ,,, &fliJu:ah:d ". faariJ weii-Lalanced populatiun-al lo:a~t fur this t•uu•. Tho·"' .. ~rr.: J'r•·•Jatur•, S7 ·~ i \\hilt· IN'fl'h, Molulll' ,,,,.,;,.,,,, u;m.,Jin) 0. • 0. • ~·:'. 'I'AUI.E \Ill The averajo!:e large ur smalluwuth hal's ue,;l \\ illt·uutain ·l.t~lt)-5.01~) eggs, fCi~h t:oll•·.-ted in u Small (;,,. e of t;rren.,ood L11k•· ~~~ it is t"al'\' tu ~···· that oru: or I\\'H hn•t•diug pair,; of ha,;,o \\til funush till' Aftt•r Treulmcnl \\'ith llott·none lake with ;uore fry than either llf hoth of lhl· ,.tales are rthlt> to supply. Total llet·ommcndationa Spuir• ''umber II' eigl.l Rt·murk• 1. Further studir:; may he nt•t:cssar) on piekt>rel. 'fh,•re is ('onsiderable 7 10 lb., 8 oz. 3 \H'ij!llt'.l llfttiiiHI 3 ll•s. unly 3 ~nUH;!·uf-llu·-yrar fi~h. pre:;surt' on this "IJt"t'ies thrnu~hout the year and mort• tlh. tained to determine the sizc-tlistriLution uf li,;h caught, perct>nl of the to· Pkl•·rd 1:18+ 4 lb., ; dl.. \lo>tly ~·oullj!·Of-the-year fish. t.tl population han e;.trd annually, etc. 1\e\\· Jrrse)' is presenlly studying lar~;e.t >Pt'l'iiii<'U 13 indtes. the effects of an inaeased size limit and the results obtained in this in· Ulu•·i!ill ...... I Ill+ 5 lb., I Ul. \estigation may help determine any future poli(·ies regarding·this species PumpL.in>l't't.l ...... 8+ 1 lb. Ret.lbrrll>lt'd >llltfi,h 2+ b UL. in Greemmod Lakr. Nurth.·rn 1-r•·"" bullhea•L :.!I+ l lb .. 15 uz. 2. This lake otlers man)· areas that appear to be favorablr for large and Blue:;polled suuli•h ...... 4:.!8+ 4 lb., 9 oz. smallmouth bass. Growth for these species is good, though smallmouths l\.ludminnu" ...... 68+ 6 lb., 8 uz. Tadpt>lt" ma.ltom ...... 39+ 3 lb., 2 oz. do not appear to be as abundant as the largemouth bass. In an attempt to Colden .. biner ...... 8+ 2 lb., 4 oz. give more of these fish a chance to remain in the lake at least one extra Satinlin .himcr ...... 6+ ,.pawning season. it is recommentled that the minimum lrgal size be raised Bridled .hint•r ...... 10+ to h~oelve ind1es. Stocking of fingerling ba~~ of either spedes has Lccu Cumrnun >ut·L.c:-r ...... l l.antli<><"Lt"tl herring ...... l .. hown to be unnecessary. 3. The stocking of any panfish species, such as yellow perch, crappie Touw...... 8-l!l+ 39 lb., 1:.! llz.+ and sunfishes is not recommended since these numbers are adequate _for this lake. • ::'t-inrng upt•ratiou, inJicah•tl that the yuuUj!·ulllt"·)·rar "''rt· far mur" aluuulant than .bu.. ·n by this tal•lt-. \\lu·llrrr uw>l of tlu•,,. "•·rr lu-I in the .,,... Js or "hether -l. It is felt that :;tudies should be initiated to determine the feasihilit) they ... tre oaclually less abunJant in this con wa. not liM·rrtained. of introducing walleyed pike. In thi:; event adults are recommended for stocking. If this appears to be successful, a thorough study s.hould _be Summary made of all factors that might affect the continued success of thts species Green\\ood Lake t:an be classed as a warmwatcr lake. A look at the i11 tlwst· "all'r~. \t tlw pn·~t·ul tiaue faf"ilitie,; art' nnl a1 ailahl,. to pro map "ill !>how a rclati,cly large expans .. of >lrallo\\ ''atcr area ''hich ap ceed with this rct.ullllnentlation. pears lo be fairh· produt:tive of fishlife. The lake ('an Le:;l he 111anagcd for .'i. Trout are not reconunended to Le stocked since the laL.e is not \\ell \\artn\\aler species and, bet:ause of ib rdathelv large area and diversified ~uiletl for salmonoid fishes. The reasons for this are discussed in an hal.itat. can prohal•lr ,;upporl an atletJUate population of bass, pickerel, , ... ,1 earlier :;edion of this report. . and po~!'ibl~ } cllow pikepcrch, a~ \H'II as the panfi:.h !>pet:ies already .. 6. Sim·e hoth \'e1\' York ancl New )erse~· belie\'etl that unifor111 regu· pre~ent. lations ,,,. .... tl•·-ir.JI•il'. a·lllt't'liu~ uf n·pn·,,.ntatilt':i uf lwth ~tall's 1\iiS held Tlrt' data t:tJIIcdt•tl tluring this :oun t'\ iudi .. atcs that Grt·t'll\1 ootl Lake iu \ onkcrs, ;\. Y ., on j auuary :.W, 11 J53. The folio\\ iug per~ons atlentletl: i:. inhaLitctl I•) au aburulaut arul cusmopolitan fi,h l"'l'ulatiun. The prlll· eipal {;allle and panfishes. largemouth hass. smallruouth Lass, chain pit:k· .i. \"w J.,rsey--·A. Heaton Underhill, Director, [)h. of Fi.lt and Gamt" R. F. Smith, Fi•ltcril!s Biologbt. Di• . .,f Ftsh 1111tl Game erd, calico l•ass. aud )elluw perch are making goocl grm1 th a111l see111 to \.-w Yurk ---W. C. St-oning, Ass't. Dirt"ctor. lli•. ,f_Fish anti (_;am<' . be prbent in adequalt' numhers. Biulo).(icalh tht! lake appean~tl to lw in \ \\ n1, 111 J,.,. \--·r. Supt.. lnl.,.-! • •-lwru·-. II" ,f F•-h uno I Cam•· /;"''d Lulallt t'. 1. I. If.~· .. x. ~ 1 ·uiur Atjllillll: llo•·. ·- ·1. Ill\. ul 1-r-1. ~nol t:.&llll' .I. II. I , .• ulIe. \!'w York has J.afj!t'IIIUUth lo..o•· 15 J "'"' :Ill Nu\t·ml..-r planted I l,IJ.'lO,OOO pikeperd1 fr) iu Cn:euwood Lake si11n~ 1'>26. Yet Smullmouth La,. \\'illle~ c, arc very infrctjut:utly l'IIUI-\ht here in Gret'll\\outl Ltkt•. Chain picl..t-rd 20 May-l Man·h New York New Jersc:y Bullhead lhii.Y LIMITS Yrllow p•·rclt l ~ ...... Smallmouth loa"s ...... 6 5 (;a li<"t> loass Largemouth Lass ...... 6 5 l'anli>h J Chain pickerel ...... 10 10 llullheadll ...... None None Siot .. l.imib; Y,.JI.,w perch ...... Nnne None (.arj,!<"DWUth [lltbS } }2" Calico bass ...... None ~one Smallmouth !Jass \t•Mot:lt m· Ttr·llt•s Chain pickeeel 12" Pt:R ANGLt:H ...... 15 10

Dullhead } llnuRs WuEN Ft~lli'OG Yello"· percll !\one PERMITTED ...... DAY & NtGIIT SL1!'0RISE TO 9:00 P.M. E.S.T. Calico basil PMnfiob IDt:NTtFICATION REQUtKt:D Nut£ & ADDRESS OS oN Tu•-lfp,...... E.u:u Ttr-llr :'\osE DMiiY (.ianib; I.J.:NCTH OF ict:FISHINC Farsi Saturday in Jan. to l.argt'mouth j,ass l S (S largemouth and/or smaJlmoutb. all of one tipecies or SEASON ...... Nov. 26 to April 30 laar Sunday in January. 5mallmouth bass f party of each, per person) Chain pid,erd 10 IJullh... d I TABLE X \"ellow perch Greenwood Lake lu Fiabiq Data TaiL~a by N'ew York (1951) Ca.Jico bu11 J None panJitib /GnUGry Fclmu1ry 14 21 28 4 lJ 11 18 25 ToTAL Other Re.ulatioa•: 1 ·.;.;t~ Number of . -~ ~.:, five (5) tiJo-IIPS are allowed per anglt"r. N. Y. fi,her- The wgler'• na1~1e and addreis are required on each tip-up. men Contacted.... 6 12 7 9 6 19 6 4 69 Fi6 bin11 ia permllted twenty-four (24) boul5 a day. .''"i Number of '( N. J. •'isher- :ll men Contacted .... 17 17 20 4 10 41 1 2-& 9 126 TABLE IX \umh"r of Tip- Sununary of the New York and New Jeraey Hahi•lil Resulation• a11 ups per angler .... 7.5 6.8 8.7 7.5 7.1 6.6 8 8.9 7.8 7.5 They ··ornaerly Applied to Greeuwood Laluo :\umber of ..:;w' lluun Fishing New York '~ Effort ...... 23.5 122.5 179 60.5 8-1 360.5 7 165 51 1053 Srt:cu:s \umhrr of Fi,h ...... Jul)· bt---1\o\l·ml,.-r JOth Jun., l.~th -N .. •rmlwr :lOth ~ Smallnouulh Ita» l:aught p•·r Largemouth l•a•• ··· · July ht--l'\u,emher 30th June 15th -:'\u\·t·ml><·r 30th lluur uf Elfuri. .5.~) .:.!'1 .17 .I'' " JJ':J .I 0.11 .Ufo .0') .13• Chaifl pit'hrd \lay h1--~lar. hi (al.o ~lay 2Uth-~Nov. 30th (aiiiO on icdishing sCII:iOII) un icelishing .c:asora) ,. f:utch by Species: Uullhead• ...... :\one from "ice-out" to last 1\lo_p. . l'ickerel- in Jan. !\tale ·····- ············· 5 6 13 2 9 2 37 Yellow pcrd1 Fn.m "ico;-Hut" to la>t 1\fon. •. F•·mal•· 8 15 15 6 12 6 63 :; in Jan. I ulHU\\Il 1 3 Fri,Jn hice-out" to la~l \lon. in Jan. ) ..J/,.w Pnch \lalt· ...... 1 9 II S11t: Ll\ll'h ~-'•·malo; ...... 4 7 12 (, 2 12 Smallm~>ulh l.a•s ...... Ill" l:t' llnl..nnwn :i l.arg,•·Jut~ull, );a~s ··· ltl'' J[' .. tal 1-'i.,/r t:hrckccl ... Jill Chain piclwrcl ... -· 12" 12" Uullhcadb ...... ~UJW .\tJUC • Nt•w Jersey lakt:s that may I.e compared ,.itlo Jl,j" ft~urc for the sam<: Jk·rio•l ~re: Ydluw peH'h ..... - ...... :\ont: .\c,ne lhultl l.akc, .46 fi•h per hour of dlort; Mu•wn~'~'""" :JJ fi&h; Lake Hopatcong, .21 i Calico lta.• ...... !';fJIIC i\une Cn·•·n l'ond, .04 fi~h per hour of effort. TABLE XI

Summ11r~· of ":inter C'.hrmiral C'.ondilionM on G~nwood Lakr, 1951 Dt:l'1'11 IN Ft:f:T TEMP. ° F co. AU

fhl\\t•'\ )'\Ill\'\ J'niYl \ '\U ~IICliU ...... 2/21 /:il ll :OOA.M. 40' s M 34 ).:; J.'i 00 12.1 fi.O 20 37 2.11 17 IMI ]II. I IHt1 :n.:; :!.H :!:1 INI H.:? '"'',,_.,

TABI.E XII

Summar~· of Summrr l:hr.mieal Condition• on Grrc•nwood Lalo..,, 1951

Dr.t'1'11 I" F£t:T Tr.Mr·. •r CO, Al.K~I.I!I;IT\' Dr~soL\111 PPM OX\'CEN [..,,u·ntiott /lult' Timt' !tlnzimum Sample Air Sample PPM !tf.O. Plr-th PPM pH Ju•l aluo\o· ( :lmp•·l ],, in ""'"'" uf s 79" 74 4.0 :n.o o.o i.:> 7.3 !\.L An" ...... <),'~, ':i 1 12:1Nl A.\1. 9 8-9 71 5.0 3:>.0 (l,() 7.6 6.11 Ji,·Juv. Ch;qwl J... rui•h,a~ i~t•t""''tt CloaJ<•·I 1-. •nd ht

• Fnr tlw \•·w .J, ... ,...y 1l:ot;~ frnm thi. ,.,...,, 1111 Au~tn•l 11, )'1;>1 plr•u"'" r.•rt•r In App<-tulil \'1.

' -~:.'i. .. ·..... ,: .. · . . ·.;, ,."' ...... '.:-: . t .• ·. -~ ·lilt;·.\M.-i'· . ~'!iii- ··~ l•~f!-#': ., •.,,·E_-.:.r~ · ··' iiPI.~vtv.tJf!~· '..,... .. ,.,.,..,..,. : _._.__:_ ... '"·· ' . ,,

';"""'- , ~ _, r.,..-: .,. .... ""-- :' :;- ,7_ = . .... E. :-_:-.: c:f I ~ = 2 ' ~ " t}frp? = fit; j· ~ t ~- 0 ~ ff "": ..., ::. •a- • .. ~; : ::.· 'i . ,;.. r =~ r =·r. ~ r-: = ~ :-: ...-: = = ..:; co. ....~ .. ~ .• ~ -~F~i :~r-~ ;.rr.r~K ...... ,: f' ~ r... ..~ ::" ~r·~; :~ ~ ... 1 ... f • ..:.- •: ,...., ;.: 'I [ " :· i ! ~ ~ F~~~~YiiHq '7.2 ; ", .! ~ ~ ·"r _.: I II a. 5 ~ ~·:!: ooo! .., ;·~ I ~ r ., ,. ., ~ ;. II 0 r= • ::" = ~· 'll= fll ! = :~. !"' !::: !; :..; ~ ., ~ i: ~ "": 2 ~- )10! :: ~- ... = =="' ...'I -~ -< < ~ ~ i b! ;.. • F- ~:r. = ..... = :,...;..-.- =- ~ ~ •I ;_,- ~ 1:/1:: ~ et- 1< r -= 'I : = .."7 - ~ ~~ " ·..; =' :;" r·; f .;.. - ·~ r .!. ; :. -· = i ... ~ :. . ':.. --~--!. -- ~ ·-; ___ ....,. - "' :~ 1 "r :.. . :• . : - t: • - f .... :, i - -- "- 1.;, .c ,;~ • 1 0: ~· M ~ - \C - • I :.,.1 g Jt :._~...... ,, ... ~ ..... > ..: :;... ..::: c..,;. _,.. :0 ~ 1.;, :..• .. ~ l ; ..... ~ "" § (.;.- .· ~-. ~ t~ : ; ,_ :-;....:~----..;;-... .. s ; : i ~mn- - = .' ~: b Cc :.., ~ ~ - ~

61 c. Yellow p,.rdo ( N = 16} . TJIIC o! f"ood TCIJUCIIt'.Y ,..,, .... 1 n·(Jatlucera . ( sma II cru•tacca) F .. IJIIrra lana...... " "' I ...... , ~:~ 10.5 ..j · 10.5 . 7.4 . 7.4 . ~~t~!~~:? ~;\::: :::: : n 7.4 .' lnid•·ntili.. d ,,.;~~i-~~-...... 1 ...... •...... •...... J 4.7 i 27 .~ :1 d. Rock baes I~ = 18) T,1pe o/ F oocl C:raylisb ...... Fr eqUCIICY ~:·.:~nfty nymphs .... :.·:.·.·.·.·:.·.·.·.:·.:·.··--·--·--··------...... 18 blil n fty nymphs...... 4 ...... 2 '!fj ~il. 24 100.0 In response to your recent request, we are hBPPV to forward the attached material. We hOP8 it will serve your ~ purpose- ~~ If we mav be of further • service. please do not hes -~t itate to call upon ui. f -·:_.---·------·N.J. DEPT. Of 'i ENVlRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION OF ,,·-..·. FISH. GAME AND SHELLFlSHERIES ,. . P.O. BOX 1809 ' TRENTON, NEW JERSEY 08625

N 0 21

Maps Included for Reference on New Jersey End of Greenwood Lake

From West Milford Environmental Commissio~s Natural Resource Inv~n~ory A. Base Map B. Basic Soil Map

C. Septic Effluent Disposal Limitations D. Soils which severly limit or complicate Development E. Depth to Bed Rock F. Wet Lands G. Topographic Map

H. Geology BASE MAP

The initial step in the preparation of the NRI was the development of a base map, West Milford, with 52,218 acres, is the seventh largest Town ship in the State and the largest Township north of Trenton. A detailed map of manageable proportions was needed for the successful display of the compiled data. Accordingly a new 1" = 1200' scale Base Map 42" x 65" in size, depicting streets, property lines, municipal boundaries, lakes and streams was prepared, based on the 1972 official Tax Maps which were updated through November 1973. It was impractical to include lots 25 feet or less in width. The very extensive areas owned by the State of New Jersey (10,575 acres), City of Newark (18,040 acres), and Passaic County (941 acres) were also accurately delineated. This map as well as all other maps prepared by the Commission were printed on reproducible, durable, transparent 7 mil mylar stock.

The Base Map is on file at the Planning Director's Office and copies will be available at nominal cost.

~-~--~--- -~--0--- MAP NO.2

BASE MAP WEST MILFORD TOWNSHIP PABBAIC COUNTY, NI!!W .II!!RB•Y WEBT MILFORD TOWN- IBNVIAONMENTAL CCIMMI881DN

9 BASIC SOIL MAP

Introduction 8

As the basic map from which all subsequent soil interpretation maps were de rived, the Basic Soil Map illustrates the location of all soil types in West Milford. It was produced by tracing the information contained on the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Soil Conservation Service maps after they were enlarged to the 111 = 1200' scale. The source of the Soil Conservation Service maps was the Interim Soil Survey Report, Passaic County, New Jersey, National Coopera tive Soil Survey, USDA, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the N.J. Agricultural Station College, Rutgers, the State University, 1973.

How Map Was Made & What It Contains

The official Soil Survey Map study was conducted in 1971 - 1972 by the USDA, Soil Conservation Service, by making very extensive field surveys of the area. This study contains information not only concerning 38 discrete soil types but also the depth to bedrock, the degree of slope within the area, and the degree of wet ness of each soil type. A copy of the Soil Conservation Service report is on file and available for reference at the Planning Director's Office, or from Environmen tal Commission members. The report contains very detailed descriptions and in terpretations as well as listings of soil limitations for various developmental pur poses. To produce the maps, there were over 2,000 areas in West Milford that had to be classified.

This map was the basic tool employed by the Environmental Commission in pre paring the soil interpretation maps that follow. This was accomplished by trans ferring the outlines of particular soil types being examined to a Base Map. The maps are derived from several sources, and consequently the Soil Map does not align perfectly with the Base Map. In order to obtain the best alignment of soil tYpes, the lakes were used as control points when transferring information from the Soil Map to the Base Map.

The resulting maps prepared from the Basic Soil Map endeavor to separately illus trate each major soil characteristic or problem. However, by overlapping two or more of the mylar maps on a light-box, the combined impact of soil types. and their limitations can be readily seen and studied. The final presentation draw ings were reproduced on a Keuffel and Esser double matte 7 mil mylar and col ored with a special transparent K ROM-A Film Color. The general color scheme used is one where dark colors denote severe problems, and white or light colors illustrate areas with lesser problems. This color scheme is applicable only to Soil Maps and the Slope Map.

How to Obtain Detailed Information

In this report a chart entitled Soil Survey Interpretation and Tabulation of Prop erties and Limitations of Soils Used for Community Development as prepared by USDA, Soil Conservation Service, is presented in the Appendix. Therefore, exact detailed information can be located by first identifying a soil tYPe on the Basic Soil Map and then selecting the needed information concerning that soil from the aforementioned chart.

-16- ~·...... ~: 0 ~

MAPNO. 4

Q G

BASIC SOL MAP WEST MILFORD ~

~ tOUn'Y, ..., .--... WUT_,ORD~ I~~

17 10 13 IS 16 21 22 26 ,. X> "' c

SEPTIC EFFLUENT DISPOSAL LIMITATIONS

This map illustrates the suitability of soils for septic effluent disposal. De grees of limitations are classified by the USDA Soil Conservation Service (SCS) as either slight, moderate or severe. Slight indicates that there are little or no limitations in soil capabilities to absorb water readily; moder ate indicates the presence of some limitation which may be overcome by careful design. Severe limitations are those which normally cannot be overcome without exceptionally complex or costly measures. It is not in tended that a severe rating will classify a soil or land as unusable, but rather that special care needs to be exercised in utilization.

Among the factors that limit the use of soils for septic effluent disposal are: steep slopes, low permeability (clay, shale, etc.,); shallow depth to bedrock (rock outcroppings); and high water table (flood plains, swamps, etc.). Many of the lakes in West Milford are located in areas where the soil presents severe limitations to septic systems.

Within a specific area, variable conditions may exist; therefore, on-site in vestigation is mandatory.

-20- _Qf __ !...lt•'ITATJQNS SLIGHT MAP NO.5 ~ MODERATE fZ?A SEVERE

.....,,..., ...... £80-w-•••••• SEPTIC EFFLUENT DISPOSAL LIMITATIONS WEST MILFORD TOWNSHIP c:::J~·-- PABBAIC COUNTY, NI!W .JI!RBEY e:;::a··-·~· WEST MILFORD TOWNSHIP I!NVIRDNMENTAL CDMMitiSIDIII SOILS WHICH SEVERL Y LIMIT OR COMPLICATE DEVELOPMENT

This is a composite map prepared at the suggestion of the USDA, Soil Conservation Service. Three factors are depicted which singly or in com bination may have an unfavorable impact on the development of the Township:

• Slopes greater than 15 percent, • Seasonal Depth to water table of 4 feet or less, • Soils with bedrock within 2 feet of surface.

The word 'complicate' in the title of this map should be underscored. As may be noted, most lands in the Township have some development prob lems that require special care and attention. Sewer systems may remove the constraints to development for many of the areas.

-24- E

DEPTH TO BEDROCK

Depth to Bedrock is measured by the thickness of soil and gravel deposits lying over the hard and impervious layer of rock called bedrock. Depth to Bedrock may be a limiting factor for many purposes. This map shows the extent of soil deposits throughout the Township and is illustrated by six classifications ranging from 0' to 2' cover to that of 10' or greater depth, as established by the Soil Conservation Service. The information presented was derived from the Basic Soil Map.

The availability of Depth to Bedrock information is important for deter mining the most suitable and rock-free areas for possible septic systems. Another advantage is gained by the developer's ability to design alternate plans to avoid or reduce needs for blasting which otherwise could have environmentally damaging effects. The repeated use of explosives, through its shock waves, tends to create seams in underground rock formations which may change the ground water pattern and possibly affect the ground water pattern. Water pollutants or shock waves from subsequent blasting may travel for miles along such seams potentially causing well pollution, structural damage to buildings, possibly affecting the water producing ca~ ability of wells.

·28- LEGEND 0 NOT AVALABLE. TOO VARIABLE MAP NO.7 g:;::a 10'• m ~·· IZ1 6~10' ~ 6'-10' 20"AVG.BEOROCK OUTCROP .. ... I:QI 0~2' .,...-...... c ...... £221----······ DEPTH TO BED ROCK MAP c:::J .... - -- WEST MILFORD TOWNSHIP c::::::J ••••••• _ .. PASSAIC COUNTY, NEW .JERSEY WEST MILFORD TOWNSHIP ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION

29 f

WETLANDS

This map depicts the location of Wetlands in West Milford. Such lands are classified by the Soil Conservation Service as:

A. Somewhat poorly drained - December - May B. Poorly drained - November - June C. Very poorly drained - October - June

Classification "A" means a generally high water table ranging from 1/2 to 1 1/2 feet in depth; classification "B" is based on a water table depth ranging from 0 to 1 foot depth; "C" indicates high water tables where the water is virtually at the surface.

The areas not identified are generally free of drainage problems. The wetlands closely parallel the slopes and terrain of the stream valleys and provide abundant moisture for vegetation and a source of drinking water and habitat for wildlife.

-32- ~ SOMEWHAT POORLY DRAINED DEC -MAY MAP NO.8

ILZI POORLY DRAINED NOV- JUNE

b:d VERY POORLY DRAINED OCT-JUNE

P""rAf'ee•• 1:-:-:-:-:-:1----······ WETLANDS MAP c::JQ··-- WEST MILFORD TOWNSHIP PABBAIC COUNTY, NI!W ..JI!RBEY t·: :.:{1--c•-•• WEST MH..FDRD TOWNSHIP ENVIRONMENTAL CDMMIBIIIDN :::--·-·-- ... "...... ~..;:';':";,;,;:;."':'::::::::...... ,_ .!!l. ·'· ..... 33 TOPOGRAPHIC MAP

The Topographic Map shows West Milford's land contours. The Geodetic Survey Maps were photographically enlarged to the scale of 1." = 1200'. The Wawayanda and Greenwood Lake Quadrangles were prepared in 1954. The Newfoundland, Wanaque and Hamburg Quadrangles were also pre pared in 1954 but updated in 1971. Contours are at 20 foot intervals. The ·lowest elevation of 310 feet above mean sea level is found by the Wanaque River at the Ringwood boundry while the highest point is at an elevation of 1490 feet on Bearfort Mountain.

Neighborhood names, mountains, bodies of water and streams are indi cated as well as the location of homes and other buildings.

The Passaic-Sussex County boundary has been disputed for many years. The area in question 'over the line' is included, as it is on the official tax maps and other maps prepared by the Environmental Commission. MAP NO. II

TOPOGRAPHC MAP ..... WEST MLFORD TOWNSHIP PASSAIC COUNTY . NEW JERSEY

~~~~~~~~~~~~-r~~~~-r~~··~·~~~;··~:;~~~~~~~~~~~~~W~ES-T~M~L~F~O-~~TOW~N-~~P~E~NV-IR~O-~-E~NT-A~L~C~~_;•--~~- U GEOLOGY

The Geology Map depicts the distribution of geologic formations and the locations of faults in West Milford, based on the New Jersey Bureau of Geology and Topography Atlas Sheets Nos. 22 and 23. In addition Cir cular 24, entitled Summary of Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Passaic County, New Jersey, by Carswell & Rooney, hydrologists, U.S. Geological Survey 1970, helped develop the method for determing the groupings of formations with generally similar characteristics, particularly with regard to potable water yields. Using this method, the prevailing 30 rock formations were reduced to a more manageable 17 in order to simplify the mapping and analysis of the West Milford geology. The 17 different formations are classified in four major groups and indicated as follows: • Precambrian • Devonian • Silurian • Cambrian

The map shows that well over two-thirds of West Milford consists of eight pre-cambrian formations. The common characteristic of these for mations is that they yield less potable water than the other formations in the region. The second largest formation is the Devonian group con sisting of four formations which form the ridge of Bearfort Mountain and occupies higher elevations. These formations generally yield more water than the Precambrian formations.

The Silurian and Cambrian formations form a narrow band in a generally north - south direction extending from Greenwood Lake in the North to the Pequannock River in the South. The Greenwood, Pinecliff and Echo Lakes and the Charlottesburg Reservoir's waterbodies generally follow a line corresponding to the Silurian formations. The Devonian and Silurian formations abutt and their lack of porosity is a common characteristic.

The four major groupings, Precambrian, Devonian, Silurian and Cambrian are primarily based on the age of the formation rather than on other char acteristics. Thus, it is possible that different groups can have similar char acteristics.

The Geology Map also shows the location of faults which are deep under ground fissures abundant in water traversing formations. The geologic faults are the areas of greatest source of pure water, and hence, need to be protected most from potential pollution. JI.UftM& MAP N0.13 a..,. GEOLOGY MAP

----·------COM'Att liM.~ - ._ ...... _.... ~-··· ...... --.. -··..... ·-···-····---...... ~···· WEST MILFORD TOWNSHIP c:::J·.... --- PABBAIC COUNTY, NEW JERSEY

WIIBT MILFORD TOWNSHIP ENVIRONMENTAL cOMMIIIIIIDIII... c: ...... -;:·-·-·--· ---, ... -· ;-:--~:-:-:·;.;:-:-::; ...... •c•t.• -•••• ; ----A --·R ---. d --·a A " 5 I & ~ .. i lo - U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY

WOR Kl NG PAPER SERIES

' REPORT

ON GREENYmD LM PASSAIC COUriTY~ NEW JERSEY

ORANGE COUmY J N84 YORK EPA REG ION I I WoRKING PAPER No. 367

CORVALLIS ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY- CORVALLIS, OREGON and ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING&. SUPPORT LABORATORY- LAS VEGAS, NEVADA 39

REPORT ON GREENVIDD lM PASSAIC COUN1Y1 NEW JERSEY

OPJWGE COUNTY I NEW YORK EPA REGION II WoRKING PAPER No. 367

WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE NEW JERSEY DEPAR1MENT OF ENviRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND THE NEW JERsEY NATIONAL GuARD Mc\v 1976 40

CONTENTS

Page Foreword ii List of Study Lakes - State of New Jersey iv Lake and Drainage Area Map v Sections I. Conclusions 1 II. Lake and Drainage .Basin Characteristics 3 Ill. Lake Water Quality Summary 5 IV. Nutrient Loadings 9 V. literature Reviewed 14 VI. Appendices 15 11

FOREWORD

The National Eutrophication Survey was initiated in 1972 in response to an Administration commitment to investigate the nation wide threat of accelerated eutrophication to freshwater lakes and reservoirs. OBJECTIVES The Survey was designed to develop, in conjunction with state environmental agencies, information on nutrient sources, concen trations, and impact on selected freshwater lakes as a basis for formulating comprehensive and coordinated national, regional, and state management practices relating to point source discharge reduction and nonpoint sour~e pollution abatement in lake water sheds. ANALYTIC APPROACH The mathematical and statistical procedures selected for the Survey's eutrophication analysis are based on related concepts that: a. A generalized representation or model relating sources, concentrations, and impacts can be constructed. b. By applying measurements of relevant parameters associated with lake degradation, the generalized model can be transformed into an operational representation of a lake, its drainage basin, and related nutrients. c. With such a transformation, an assessment of the potential for eutrophication control can be made.

LAKE ANALYSIS In this report, the first stage of evaluation of lake and watershed data collected from the study lake and its drainage basin is documented. The report is formatted to provide state environmental agencies with specific information for basin elannin~ [§303(e)], \'later quality criteria/standards reviev-1 l§303(c)], clean lakes [§314(a,b)], and water quality monitoring [§106 and §305(b)] activities mandated by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972. iii

Beyond the single lake analysis, broader based correlations between nutri~nt concentrations (and loading) and trophic condition are being made to advance the rationale and data base for refine ment of nutrient water quality criteria for the Nation's freshwater lakes. Likewise, multivariate evaluations for the relationships between land use, nutrient export, and trophic condition, by lake class or use, are being developed to assist in the formulation of planning guidelines and policies by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and to augmer.t plans implementation by the states. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The staff of the National Eutrophication Survey {Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) expresses sincer.e appreciation to the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection for professional involvement and to the New Jersey National Guard for conducting the tributary sampling phase of the Survey. Douglas Clark, Chief of the Bureau of Water Quality Planning and Management, Mr. Frank Takacs, New Jersey National Eutrophication Survey Coordinator, Principal Environmental Specialist, and Robert Kotch, Senior Environmental Engineer, provided invaluable lake documentation and counsel during the Survey, re~iewed the preliminary reports, and provided critiques most useful in the preparation of this Working Paper series. Major General William R. Sharp, Former Chief of Staff, Major General Wilfred G. Menard, Jr., Chief of Staff, and Project Officer Colonel Herbert D. Ruhlin, who directed the volunteer efforts of the New Jersey National Guardsmen, are also gratefully acknowledged for their assistance to the Survey. 1v

NATIONAL EUTROPHICATION SURVEY STUDY LAKES STATE OF NEW JERSEY

LAKE NAME COUNTY Budd Lake Morris Duhernal lake Middlesex Farrington lake Middlesex Greenwood Lake Passaic, N.J.; Orange, N.Y. lake' Hopatcong Morris, Sussex lake Musconetcong Morris, Sussex Oradell Reservoir Bergen Paulinskill Lake Sussex Pinecliff Lake Passaic Pompton Lakes Passaic Spruce Run Reservoir Hunterdon Union Lake Cumberland Wanaque Reservoir Passaic v

0 LAKE GREENWOO ling Site Tributar-y Sa~ Site ~ lake Sa~pling nt Facility Sewage Trutme fKln. ' I f lHi. scale

New§!i)HapLocation

York Hew Jersey .... ·-· ... ·0-::..

':!·~ ... ,""" .. GREENWOOD LAKE, NEW JERSEY STORET NO. 3403

I. CONCLUSIONS A. Trophic Condition: Based upon field observations and Survey data, Greenwood Lake is considered early eutrophic. The lake is characterized by summer depression of dis solved oxygen· content, high total phosphorus levels and abundant submerged and emerged aquatic vegetation.

Chlorophyll~ values ranged from a low of 5.1 ~g/1 in

the fall to a high of 20.6 ~g/1 in the summer. Mean Secchi disc transparency was 217.8 em. In the past, herbicidal control has been practiced annually or biannually. Ketelle and Uttormark (1971) recommended partial dredging and removal of control lable nutrient sources for future control. B. Rate-Limiting Nutrient: Algal assay results indicate that Greenwood Lake was limited by available phosphorus. Spikes with phosphorus or nitrogen and phosphorus simultaneously resulted in increased assay yields. The addition of nitrogen alone did not stimulate a growth response. 2 The ratio of mean total inorganic nitrogen to mean orthophosphorus (N/P) in lake waters during spring sampling substantiates these results, but indicates

nitrogen limita~ion during summer and fall. C. Nutrient Controllability: 1. Point Sources- The mean annual phosphorus load from point sources was estimated to be 13.4% of the load reaching Greenwpod,Lake. The Birch Hill Park Disposal Co. contributed 10.5% of the total load. The nutrient loading to Greenwood Lake of

0.31 g/m1 /yr was 1.4 times greater than the

"permissible 11 load proposed by Vollenweider (Vol lenweider and Dillon, 1974), and was about 1.5 times below his proposed "dangerous" load. Total elimination of known point sources would result in a drop of the loading rate and should gradually improve the water quality of the lake. 2. Non-point Sources - Non-point sources contribute 86.6% of the phos phorus loading reaching Greenwood Lake. Measured tributaries contributed 40.7% of the total phosphorus load and ungaged drainage areas were estimated to contribute 20.9% of the load. 3

II. LAKE AND DRAINAGE BASIN CHARACTERISTICS Lake and drainage basin characteristics are itemized below. The lake surface area and mean depth were provided by the State of New Jersey. Tributary flow data were provided by the New Jersey District Office of the U.S. Geological Survey {USGS). Outlet drainage area includes the lake surface area. Mean hydraulic retention time was obtained by dividing the lake volume by the mean flaw of the outlet. Precipitation values were estimated by methods as outlined in National Eutrophication Survey (NES) Working Paper No. 175. A table of metric/English conversions is included as Appendix A. A. Lake Morphometry: 1. Surface area: 7.77 km2. 2. Mean depth: 5.2 meters. 3. Maximum depth: 17.4 meters 4. Volume: 40.404 x 106 m3.

5~ Mean hydraulic retention time: 346 days. 48-

B. Tributary and Outlet (see Appendix B for flow data}: 1. Tributaries -

Drainage Me~n flow Name area~km2) ~m /sec} 8(1) Belcher Creek 37.6 0.83 C(l) Unnamed Creek 13.4 0.24 Minor tributaries and immediate drainage - 11.4 0.35 Totals 62.4 1.42 2. Outlet- A(l) Wanaque River 70.2 1.35 c. Precipitation: 1. Year of sampling: 122.9 em. 2. Mean annual: 156.4 em. 49

III. LAKE WAiER QUALiiY SUMMARY Greenwood Lake was sampled three times during the open-water season of 1973 by means of a pontoon-equipped Huey helicopter. Each time, samples for physical and chemical parameters were collected from four stations on the lake (Station 1 was sampled once, Stations 2 through 4 were sampled three times) and from one or more depths at each station (see map, page v). During each visit, depth-integrated samples were collected from each station

for chlorophyll ~analysis and phytoplankton identification and enumeration. During the first visit, 18.9-liter depth-integrated samples were composited for algal assays. Maximum depths sampled were 1.5 meters at Station 1, 14.9 meters at Station 2, 8.5 meters at Station 3, and 1.5 meters at Station 4. For a more detailed explanation of NES methods, see NES Working Paper No. 175. The results obtained are presented in full in Appendix C and are summarized in III A for waters at the surface and at the maximum depth for each site. Results of the phytoplankton

counts and chlorophyll ~determinations are included in III B. Results of the limiting nutrient· study are presented in III c. GR££N"'00D LAK£' STORET COOE 3403 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS 4/16173 71Zli7J I 101 lllJ MAX MAX MAX s••• • 4 DEPTti s••• • J DEPTH s••• • 3 DEPTH RANG[ RANGE liANG£ PARAMETER N• RANGE MEDIAN IHETEkSI N• RANGE MEDIAN IHETE'RSI N• IIANGE ME DUN IMETERSI

TEMPERATURE IDEG CENTI O.•lo5 M DEPTH s llo9• 10.0 9.4 ooo- l.S 6 25oo- 26.4 25o8 o.o- loS 5 I 9oS• l9o7 19.7 OoO• loS MAX DEPTH•• 4 1o1- 9o9 9.0 o.o- 14.9 3 12.6- 25.7 l4oS 1.5- IZo2 3 l4ol• 19.7 19.1 o.o- IOo4 DISSOLVED OXYGEN IMG/LI 0.-1.5 M DEPTH 2 12.0- l2o3 12ol o.o- loS 3 7.6- 9.0 8.8 o.o- loS 3 s.o- 9 .. 4 8.4 o.o- l.S MAX DEPT~• ... 11.9- 12.3 I ZoO o.o- 14.9 3 o.3- 7.6 loZ 1.5- az.z 3 0.4- 9o4 6o8 o.o- 10.4 CONDUCTJ V ITY tU14HOSI 0.-1.5 14 DEPTH s 9Z.- too. 9So o.o- loS 6 92.- 94. 94o OoO• loS s 180.- zoo. 190. o.o- l.S MAX DEPTH•• 4 92.- 95. 9Zo o.o- 14.9 3 so.- 94o 89. t.s- l2oZ 3 180.- 220. I BOo o~o- 10.4 PH !STANDARD UNITSI O.•lo5 14 DEPTH s 7.6- a.2 7.9 o.o- loS to 6.9- 7.6 1ol o.o- loS s 6oS• 7.1 6o8 o.o- loS MAX DEPTH•• 4 7,6- a.a 7.6 o.o- 14.9 l 6.3- 6.9 6o6 1.5- l2ol l 6.3- 6.8 6o4 o.o- 10.4 TOTAL ALKALINITY I14GILI o.-1.5 14 DEPTH s IS.• 20. 15. o.o- loS 4 16.- 21. 20. o.o- loS s 12.- IS. llo o.o- 1.5 MAX OEPTii•• 4 1S.- 20. 16. o.o- 14.9 3 21.- 28. 21o 1.5- IZ.2 3 u.- zs. lSo o.o- 10.4 TOTAL P IMGIL I 0.-l.S M DEPTH s 0.016-0.021 0.016 o.o- loS · 3 o.o22-o.o~o3 Oo040 o.o- loS 5 o.ol9-0o03l Oo023 OoO• loS HAll DEPTH•• It OeOIB•OoOZl 0.020 Ooo- 14.9 2 Oo035·0o043 OoOJ9 1.5- a.s l OoOJJ•Oo191 Oo056 o.o- 10.4 ... DISSOLVED ORTHO P I14G/LI Oo•loS M DEPTH 5 ooooto-OoOll o.oo6 o.o- loS 4 0.006-0.0ll Ooooa ooo- loS s o.oos-o.o1o Oo006 o.o- 1.S MAX DEPTH•• It oooos-oooll Oo007 o.o- 14.9 3 o.o01-0o120 o.oo9 1.5- l2o2 l o.oos-oo062 o.ou o.o- IO.It N02•NOJ tHG/LI 0.-1.S H DEPTH s oooso-oouo 0.070 o.o- a.s It o.o~oo-oootoo Oo040 o.o- loS 5 o.olO•Oo040 0.020 ooo- l.S HAX DEPTH•• 4 o .oso-o .010 0.070 o.o- 14.9 3 Oo040-0ol10 Oo040 1.• 5- l2o2 l o.ozo-ooozo Oo020 o.o- 10.4 AMMONIA IMG/ll 0.-1.S M DEPTH 5 o.o .. o-o.no o.oso o.o- 1.5 It Oo060•0o010 Oo060 o.o- loS 5 Oo030•0o040 Oe040 o.o- l.S H.U DEPTH•• 4 o.oJo-o.o7o 0.055 o.o- 14.9 l Oo060•0o560 0.110 1.5- 12.2 l Oe040•0o5l0 o.oso o.o- 10.4

KJELDAHL ~ IHG/LI 0.-1.5 H DEPTH s o.zoo-o.6oo o.soo o.o- 1.5 l 0.600-0o900 0.700 o.o- loS s o ... oo-l.ooo o.soo o.o- 1.5 HAll DEPTH•• 4 o.zoo-o.soo 0.400 o.o- 14.9 2 o.soo-o.6oo o.sso 1.s- s.s l o.soo-a.ooo o.aoo o.o- 10.4 SECCHI DISC IHETEASI 2 t.s- 2ol loti 3 1.5- 2.7 2.7 l lo4• 2.7 2.7

• N • NO. Or SAHPLES •• MAXIMUM DEPTH SAMPLED AT EACH SITE ••• S • NO. OF SITES SAMPLED ON THIS DATE

IJ1 0 51-

B. Bioiogical Characteristics: 1. Phytoplankton - Algal Sampling Dominant Units Date Genera per ml 04/16/73 1. Asterionella 3,099 2. Flagellates 1,439 3. Fragilaria 1,185 4. Synedra 931 5. Melosira 457 Other genera 1 ,795 Total 8,906 10/01/73 1. Flagellates 455 2. Melosira 227 3. Anabaena 178 4. Centric diatom 130 5. Tabellaria 114 Other genera 309 Total 1,413 2. Chl orophy11 a - Sampling Station Chlorophyll a Date Number (1:!911 iter} - 04/16/73 1 12.4 2 16.7 3 16.4 4 10.5 07/23/73 2 12.1 3 9.9 4 20.6 10/01/73 2 5.2 3 5. 1 4 10.3 52

···-~---· -~.-·--·· ~-

c. limiting Nutrient Study: 1. Autoclaved, filtered, and nutrient spiked - Ortho P Inorganic N Maximum yield · ·Spike (mg/1 ) Cone. (mg/1) Cone. {mg/1 ) (mg/1-dry wt.) Control 0.010 0.203 1.5 0.05 p 0.060 0.203 4.4 0.05 P + 1.0 N 0.060 1.203 15.1 1.00 N 0.010 1.203 2.0 2. Discussion - The control yield of the assay alga, Selenastrum capricornutum·, indicates that the potential for primary productivity in Greenwood lake was moderately high at the time of sampling. The lake was phosphorus limited at that time as indicated by the increased growth of the test alga in response to an addition of phosphorus. Spikes with nitrogen and phosphorus simultaneously resulted in a maximum yield while the addition of nitrogen alone did not stimulate growth. The N/P ratio of 20/1 in the spring lake data further indicates phosphorus limitation. However, N/P ratios in Greenwood lake during summer and fall were 10/l and 8/1, respectively, suggesting nitrogen limitation at those times. · 9

IV. NUTRIENT LOADINGS (See Appendix 0 for data) For the determination of nutrient loadings, the New Jersey National Guard collected monthly near-surface grab samples from each of the tributary sites indicated on the

map ~page v), except for the high runoff months of February and March when two samples were collected. Sampling was begun in July 1973, and was completed in June 1974. Through an interagency agreement, stream flow estimates for the year of sampling and a "normalized" or average year were provided by the New Jersey District Office of USGS for the tributary sites nearest the lake. In this report, nutrient loads for sampled tributaries were determined by using a modification of a USGS computer program for calculating stream loadings. Nutrient loads indicated for tributaries are those measured minus known point source loads, if any. Nutrient loadings for unsampled "minor tributaries and

immediate drainage" ("ZZ 11 of USGS) were estimated by using the mean annual concentrations in Unnamed Creek at Station C(l) and mean annual ZZ flows. The operators of the Birch Hill Park and Marshall Hill School wastewater treatment plants provided monthly effluent samples. Nutrient loads for the plants were calculated using the available monthly chemistry and flow estimates (0.3785 m3/capita/day). 54

Waste Sources: 1. Known municipal - Population Mean Flow Receiving Name Served* Treatment (m3/d x 103)** Water* Birch Hill Park 260 1. 0.098 Belcher Disposal Co. Creek Marshall Hill 160 2. 0.060 Mores town School Brook/ Belcher Creek 2. Known industrial - None.

Key: 1. Activated sludge 2. Sand filter

*Treatment plant questionnaires. I **Flow estimate based on 0.3785 m3/capita/day. 11

B. Annual Total Phosphorus Loading - Average Year: 1. Inputs - % of Source kg P/y_r total a. Tributaries (nonpoint load) - B(l) Belcher Creek 660 27.1 C(l) Unnamed Creek 330 13.6 b. Minor tributaries and immediate drainage (nonpoint load) - 510 20.9 c. Known municipal STP•s - Birch Hill Park 255 10.5 Marshall Hill School 70 2.9 d. Septic tanks* - 475 19.5 e. Known industrial - None f. Direct precipitation**- 135 5.5 Total 2,435 100.0 2. Output - A(l) Wanaque River 1,230 3. Net annual P accumulation 1,205

*Estimate based on the population of Greenwood Lake Village (2,200) and 796 homes at Indian Park, Lakeside. and Sterling Forest. **Estimated (see NES Working Paper No. 175). - 56-

. - .. ~.-....-...... -- .. -~'--·"- ..... --- ... -----""~--~····-4·.-t.--·- ...... ~::-,._--

Annual Total Nitrogen Loading - Average Year: 1. Inputs - · % of Source kg N/yr total a. Tributaries (nonpoint load) - B(l} Belcher Creek 14,700 23.4 C(l} Unnamed Creek 7,960 12.7 b. Minor tributaries and immediate drainage (nonpoint load) - 12,330 19.6 c. Known municipal STP's - Birch Hill Park 1,130 1.8 Marshall Hill School 395 0.6 d. Septic tanks* - 17,860 28.5 e. Known industrial - None f. Direct precipitation** - 8,390 13.4 Total 62,765 100.0 2. Output - A(l) Wanaque River 27,000 3. Net annual N accumulation 35,765

*Estimate based on the population of Greenwood lake Village (2,200) and 796 homes at Indian Park, lakeside, and Sterling Forest. **Estimated (see NES Working Paper No. 175). sf

13 D. Mean Annual Non-point Nutrient Export by Subdrainage Area:

Tributary kg P/km 2/yr kg NLkm2 Lyr B(l} Belcher Creek 18 391 C(l) Unnamed Creek 25 594

E. Yearly Loads: In the following table, the existing phosphorus loadings are compared to those proposed by Vollenweider (Vollenweider and Dillon, 1974). Essentially, his "dangerous" loading is one at which the receiving water would become eutrophic or remain eutrophic; his "permissible" loading is that which would result in the receiving water remaining oligotrophic or becoming oligotrophic if morphometry permitted. A meso trophic loading would be considered one between "dangerous" and "permissible". Note that Vollenweider's model may not be applicable to water bodies with short hydraulic retention times.

Total Yearly Phosphorus Loading (g/m2/yr) Estimated loading for Greenwood Lake 0.31 Vollenweider's "dangerous" or eutrophic loading 0.46 Vollenweider's "permissible" or oligotrophic loading 0.23 14 LITERATURE REVIEWED Kete11e, M. J. and P. D. Uttormark. 1971. Problem Lakes in the United States. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Project #16010 EHR. University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1975. National Eutrophication Survey Methods 1973-1976. Working Paper No. 175. Environmental Monitoring anc Sup port Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada, and Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon. Vollenweider, R. A., and P. J. Dillon, 1974. The application of the phosphorus loading concept to eutrophication research. Natl. Res. Council of Canada Publ. No. 13690, Canada Centre for Inland Waters,-Burlington, Ontario. · VI. APPENDICES

APPENDIX A CONVERSION FACTORS 60 ----·· ·~ ..... _____ .,...... ~ --.... ~------... ~--..::. ·---... ·-----·...,·---···-- ·--'------

CONVERSION FACTORS

Hectares x 2.471 = acres Kilometers x 0.6214 = miles

Meters x 3.281 = feet Cubic meters x 8.107 x 10-4 =acre/feet Square kilometers x 0.3861 = square miles Cubic meters/sec x 35 .. 315 = cubic feet/sec Centimeters x 0.3937 = inches

Kilograms x 2.205 = pounds Kilograms/square kilometer x 5.711 = lbs/square mile APPENDIX B TRIBUTARY FLOW DATA TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION FOR NEW JERSEY 06/04/76 LAI([ CODE 3403 GREENWOOD LAKE TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA Of LAKE(SQ KM) 70e2 SUB-DRAINAGE NORMALIZED fLO-SICHS) TRIBUTARY AI

TRIBUTARY HONTti YEA~ HEAN fLOW DAY fLOW DAY fLOW DAY fLOW 3403Al 7 13 2.747 21 Oo934 8 13 0.396 26 0.159 9 73 Oo147 23 Oe150 10 73 0.127 11 73 0.340 4 0.396 12 73 5.578 8 lo897 I 74 2.322 26 3.171 2 74 1.671 23 2.917 3 74 2.209 23 3.791t 4 74 3.256 21 2.265 5 74 1.586 12 1o246 6 74 o.8so 22 1.104 340381 7 73 0.651 21 0.708 8 13 0.215 26 0.127 9 13 Ool33 23 Oo227 10 73 0.278 11 13 0.278 4 0.278 12 73 1.982 8 0.538 1 74 1.218 26 1.472 2 74 0.906 23 2.464 3 74 1.416 23 2.067 4 74 1.699 21 1ol04 5 74 1.019 12 lo756 6 74 0.481 22 Oo45J TRIBUTARY FLOW INFORMATION FOR NEW JERSEY 06/04/76

LAKE CODE 3403 GREENWOOD LAKE MEAN MONTHLY FLOWS AND DAILY FLOWS(CHS)

TRIBUTARY MONTH YEAR MEAN fLOW DAY FLOW DAY FLOW DAY fLOW

3403C1 7 73 o.3ll 21 0.201 8 73 0.059 26 0.025 9 73 0.020 23 0.025 10 73 0.042 11 73 0.045 4 0.054 12 73 0.793 8 0.161 1 74 0.453 26 0.538 2 74 0.311 23 0.566 3 74 0.425 23 0.651 4 74 0.623 21 0.425 5 74 0.340 12 0.566 6 74 0.113 22 o.o8S 3403ZZ 1 73 0.425 21 0.283 8 73 o.o85 26 0.037 9 73 0.031 23 0.034 10 73 0.059 11 73 0.062 4 0.076 12 73 1.133 8 0.229 1 74 0.651 26 0.765 2 74 0.425 23 0.821 3 74 0.623 23 0.934 4 74 0.878 21 0.595 5 74 0.453 12 0.793 6 74 0.164 22 0.122 APPENDIX C PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/06/04 340301 41 13 03,0 074 18 03o0 3 Gt1EENIIIOOO LAKE 34031 NEW 4ERSEY 013292 11EPALES 2111202 0009 FEET DEPTH CLASS 00 00010 00300 00077 00094 00400 OOitlO 00610 00625 00630 00671 DATE TIME DEPTH WATER DO TRANSP CNDUCTVY PH T ALK NHJ-N TOT KJEL N021.NOJ PHOS-015 F"ROH Of TEMP SECCHI fiELD CACOJ TOTAL N N-TOTAL OR THO TO DAY fEET CENT MG/L INCHES HICROMHO su HG/L HG/L HG/L HG/L HG/L P 73/04/16 13 00 0000 10.0 100 8o20 15 Oo060 o.soo 0.070 0.006 13 00 0005 9.9 12,3 92 BolO 15 0.040 o.zoo 0.070 o.oos

00665 32217 DATE TIHE DEPTH PHOS-TOT CHLRPHYL fROM OF" A TO OAY F'EET HG/L P UG/L 73/04/16 13 00 0000 0.016 12,1t lJ 00 0005 0.019 STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/0b/04 340302 41 12 07.0 074 18 26.0 3 GtlEENitOOO LAKE 34031 NEll JERSEY 013292 llEPALES 2111202 0053 FEET DEPTH CLASS 00 00010 00300 00017 00094 00400 00410 00610 00625 00630 00671 DATE TIME DEPTH WATER 00 TRANSP CNOUCTVY PH T ALK NHJ-N TOT KJEL N02lN03 PHOS-OJS fROM Of TEMP SECCHI rJELD CAC03 TOTAL N N•TOTAL DR THO TO DAY FEET CENT MG/L INCHES HICROHHO su HG/L HG/L HG/L HG/L HG/l P 73/0it/16 13 20 0000 8.9 &It 95 7.90 15 o.oso 0.600 0.010 0.007 lJ 20 0006 9.0 12.9 98 7.90 IS 0.040 0.400 0.060 0.004 JJ 20 0015 9.0 12.4 100 1.90 14 o.oso 0.400 0.060 0.006 13 20 0025 8.3 12.2 92 7.80 14 0.040 0.400 0.060 o.oo8 13 20 0035 8.1 12.2 98 1.10 IS O.OitO Oo300 0.060 o.ooJ lJ 20 0049 1.1 1lo9 92 7.60 IS 0.070 O.JOO 0.070 o.oos 13107123 11 30 0000 2S.S 9.0 108 93 7.20 16 0.060 0.040 O.OOb 17 30 0005 25.0 92 17 30 0010 24.9 91 l1 30 0015 24.6 6o4 90 6.20 16 0.100 o.uo 0.009 17 30 0020 23.7 84 17 30 0025 19.5 1.2 80 6.20 17 o.uo 0.400 o.uo· o.oo8 17 JO 00)0 14.2 o.z 75 6.50 21 o.zu o.soo 0.120 0.026 l1 JO 0035 13.3 80 11 30 0040 12.6 o.3 89 6o60 28 0.560 o.uo 0.120 73110/01 14 15 0000 19.7 107 zoo 1ol0 12 0.040 loOOO O.OitO o.oos 14 15 0005 19.6 a.o zoo 6.80 13 0.040 o.8oo o.ozo 0.006 14 15 0015 19.S e.o 190 6.50 12 O.OJO 0.400 0.020 0.006 14 IS 0028 18.9 7.6 190 6o60 11 o.oso 0.300 o.ozo 0.006 14 15 OOJ4 l4ol 0.4 220 6.Jo zs o.5IO loOOO 0.020 0.062

0066S 32217 DATE TIHE DEPTH PHOS·TOT CHLRPHYL fROM or A TO 04Y rEEl HG/L P UGIL 73104/16 13 20 0000 0.016 16.7 lJ 20 0006 0.014 13 20 0015 0.016 13 20 0025 0.019 lJ 20 OOJS 0.016 lJ 20 0049 0.021 73/07123 17 30 0000 12.1 17 30 0025 0.024 17 JO OOJO 0.044 73110/01 14 15 0000 0.021 5.2 14 IS 0005 0.024 14 15 0015 0.025 14 15 0028 0.021 ' lit 15 OO)lo 0.191 ()\ ()\ I. STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/0b/04 340303 41 10 49.0 074 19 43.0 J G~EENWOOO LAKE 34031 NEW JERSEY 013292 11EPALES 2111202 0028 fEET DEPTH CLASS 00 00010 00300 00077 00094 00400 00410 00610 00625 00630 00671 DATE TIME OE:PTH WATER 00 TRANSP CNDUCTVY PH T ALK NH3•N TOT I

00665 32217 DATE TIME DEPTH PHOS-TOT CHLRPHYl. fROM or A TO DAY fEET HG/L P UG/L 73/04/16 14 IS 0000 0.016 16.4 14 15 0006 0.017 14 1S 0016 0.018 14 15 0024 0.018 73/07/23 17 OS 0000 0.022 9.9 17 05 001S 0.025 17 OS 0020 0.023 17 OS 0028 0.035 73/10/01 14 40 0000 0.021 Sol 14 40 0005 0.019 14 40 0015 0.021 14 40 0024 0.056

~ - 4#0A#411JIICt•411{01~fti'~IW:~"I'·------"'~...... Wi.. _MfiiiiE .. I·E·J·E-I-·------....------____ . ._ .... -.------~t... T STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/06/04 340304 41 09 14.0 074 ZO JB.O 3 GREENWOOD.LAKE 34031 NEW JERSEY 013292 llEPALES 2111202 0006 fEET DEPTH CLASS 00 00010 00300 00017 00094 00400 00410 00610 00625 00630 00671 DATE TIHE DEPTH WATER 00 TRANSP CNOUCTVY PH T ALK NH3-N TOT KJEL N02LN03 PHOS-OIS fROM Ot TEMP SECCHI fiELD CAC03 TOTAL N N-TOTAL OR THO TO DAY fEET CENT HG/L INCHES HICROHHO su HG/L MG/L HG/L ·MG/L MG/L P 73/04/16 15 50 0000 9.4 12.0 60 95 7.60 20 o.on o.soo o.oso o.ou 13/07123 14 45 0000 26.4 60 94 le20 21 0.060 0.900 0.044 o.ou 14 45 0005 25.7 1.6 94 6e90 21. o.o6o 0.600 0.040 0.009 73110/01 15 OS 0000 19.7 9.4 54 180 6.80 15 0.040 o.aoo o.ozo 0.010

00665 32217 DATE TIME DEPTH PHOS•TOT CHLRPHYL FROM OF A TO DAY fEET HG/L P UG/L 13/04/16 15 50 0000 0.021 10.5 73/07123 14 45 0000 0.040 20.6 14 45 0005 0.043 73/10/01 15 OS 0000 0.033 10.3 APPENDIX 0 TRIBUTARY AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT DATA STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/06/04 3403A1 41 09 35.0 074 19 50.0 4 WANAQUE RIVER 34 7.5 GREENWOOD LK 0/GREENWOOD LAKE 013292 CO RD 153 BRDG NW OF AWOSTING llEPALES 2111204 0000 FEET DEPTH CLASS 00 00630 00625 00610 00671 00665 DATE TIHE DEPTH N02&.N03 TOT KJEL NH3-N PHOS-DIS PHOS-TOT FROH Of N•TOTAL N TOTAL OR THO TO DAY FEET HG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L P MG/L P 73/07121 13 15 0.030 0.450 0.084 o.oo1 0.030 73/08/2& 10 30 0.089 0.600 o.uo o.o29 0.035 73/09/23 11 00 0.078 2.000 u.960 o.oo1 0.035 73/11/04 11 00 0.0101< 0.650 o.ozo Oe005K 0.025 73/12/08 11 00 0.048 o.aoo o.068 o.oosK o.oss 74/01126 0.240 0.200 0.025 0.010 0.010 74/02/23 11 00 0.120 0.400 o.ol5 O.OOSK o.o22 74/03/23 09 30 0.060 0.500 o.o25 o.oto 0.037 74/04/21 10 30 0.004 0.450 o.020 Oe005K o.oJs 74/05/12 11 00 0.112 0.100 o.o4o Oe020 0.060 74/06/22 11 00 0.016 o.soo 0.025 o.oos 0.065

K VALUE KNOWN TO BE LESS THAN INDICATED

,._ -- tt-l I ...... ·- -A»U I llli A • 4 ' .. =·-...·- --. . . • ---··-·-·----·err: ...... c STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/06/04 34031:H 41 09 10.0 074 20 59.0 4 BELCHER CREEK 34 7.5 GREENWOOD LK !/GREENWOOD LAKE 013292 CO RD 511 BRDG JUST ABOV MOUTH 11EPALES 2111204 0000 FEET DEPTH CLASS 00

00630 00625 00610 00671 00665 DATE TIME DEPTH N02&.N03 TOT KJEL NH3-N PHOS-015 PHOS-TOT fROM or N-TOTAL N TOTAL . OR THO TO DAY fEET HG/L MG/L HG/L MG/L P HG/L P 73/07/21 12 40 0.020 0.560 o.uo o.oo5K 0.020 73/08/26 10 00 0.035 0.560 o.042 Oe013 0.040 73/09/29 10 00 0.220 1.320 o.260 o.ou o.o8o 73/11/04 10 00 0.042 0.750 0.025 o.o1o 0.060 73/12/08 10 00 0.140 0.300 o.o32 o.oo8 0.055 74/01/26 10 30 0.310 0.400 o.o4o o.o15 0.015 74/02/23 10 00 0.336 0.400 0.035 o.oo5 Oe030 74/03/23 10 00 0.192 Oe300 0.030 o.o1o 0.025 74/04/21 09 30 0.116 0.500 o.o45 . 0.005 0.010 74/05/12 10 00 0.168 0.500 o.050 o.o1o 74/06/22 10 00 0.124 0.600 o.l28 o.o1o 0.055

K VALUE KNOWN TO BE LESS THAN INDICATED STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/06/04 3403C1 41 13 10.0 074 17 28.0 4' UNNAMED CREEK 34 7.5 GREENWOOD LK T/GREENWOOD LAKE 013292 2NDRY RD BROG IN GREENWOOD LAKE 11EPALES 2111204 0000 fEET DEPTH CLASS 00

00630 00625 00610 00671 00665 DATE TIME DEPTH N026.N03 TOT KJEL NH3-N PHOS-DIS PHOS-TOT fROM Of N-TOTAL N TOTAL OR THO TO OAY fEET HG/L HG/l HG/l MG/L P MG/L P 73/07/21 13 00 0.154 o.880 0.189 0.019 0.090 73/08/26 10 15 0.410 2.100 o.t32 o.ot9 O.OJO 73/09/23 10 30 O.OlOK o.880 0.063 OeOOSK 0.015 73/11/04 10 so 0.036 0.650 o.o1s o.oo1 0.025 73/12/08 10 30 o.JJo 0.500 o.OJ6 o.oo8 0.060 74/01126 10 45 o.s20 0.900 o.t9o o.o25 o.oss 74/02/23 10 30 0.860 lelOO o.045 o.oto 74/03/23 10 30 o.J52 o.zoo o.ozo OeOOSt< o.oto 74/04/21 10 00 0.132 1.300 o.ozs o.ots o.too 74/05/12 10 30 0.044 0.400 o.o11 o.oo5 Oe045 74/06/22 10 30 0.032 0.300 o.o4o o.oos O.OJO

K VALUE KNOwN TO ~E LESS tHAN lNOlCATEO u ...... ,._.. lli'

STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/06/04 3403BA ASJ403BA P000260 41 08 10.0 074 22 os.o 4 BIRCH HILL PARK DISPOSAL COMPANY 34 7.5 GREENWOOD LK T/GREENWOOO LAKE 013292 BELCHER CwEEK 11EPALES ?141204 0000 fEET DEPTh CLASS 00 00630 00625 00610 00671 00665 50051 50053 DATE TIME DEPTH N02&.NOJ TOT I

K VALUE KNOwN TO BE LESS THAN INDICATED STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 76/06/04 3403XA SF3403XA P000160 41 08 15.0 074 22 05.0 4 MARSHALL HILL SCHOOL 34 7.5 GREENWOOD T/GREENWOOO LAKE 013292 HORESTOWN BROOK TO BELCHERS CREEK 11EPALES 2141204 0000 fEET DEPTH CLASS 00 00630 00625 00610 00671 00665 50051 50053 DATE TIME DEPTH N02f.N03 TOT KJEL NHJ-N PHOS-DIS PHOS-TOT fLOW CONDUIT fROM OF N-TOTAL N TOTAL OR THO RATE fLOIIt-MGO TO DAY FEET MG/L HG/L HG/L MG/L P HG/L P INST MGO MONTHLY 74101/02 09 50 11.200 1.000 0.100 1e920 2.000 14102121 3.900 1eOOOK 0.150 0.340 6.700 74/0J/06 8.400 4.900 0.150 1e800 2.100 74/04/17 19.000 1.000K 0.120 2.400 2.450 74/05/15 6.700 1eOOOK o.osoK 0.950 0.980 74/06/04 46.000 1.000K Oe050K 3.850 5.000 74/09/11 08 11 15.800 1.ooo 0.100 z.8oo 3.000 0.007 74/l0/16 51.200 l.OOOK 0.140 2.300 2.500 74/11/13 23.200 l.OOOK Oe050K 2.100 2.200 74112110 18.400 5.200 0.065 2.600 3.600 75/01/16 10 30 16.800 6.700 0.055 J.ooo 3.800

K VALUE KNOWN TO BE LESS THAN INDICATED APPENDIX E PARAMETRIC RANKINGS OF LAKES SAMPLED BY NES IN 1973 STATE OF NEW JERSEY LAKE DATA TO BE tJSEO 1111 RANI<{NGS

LAIC( MEDIAN MEDIAN 5oo- MEAN ~~- MEOIAN CODE LAKE NAME TOTAL P lNORG N MEAN :iEC Cl'iLORA 11lN DO UlSS O~THO P

3'+02 8\JOO LAI(E o.oaz 0.205 1t71to000 48.500 7 ... oo o.olz

3403 G~EENWOOO LAKE 0.021 0.1(10 414.250 11.920 t...aoo 0.007

3406 O~AvELL RESERVOl~ 0.055 0.990 462.500 22.267 13.600 o.ootf 3409 PINECLIF"F" LAKE 0.070 0.175 465.500 J8.960 lloOOO o.ou 3410 POMPTON LAKES o.on 0.7'15 4b3.167 23.033 llo 800 0.02'1 3412 DUHERNAL LAKE Oo082 1.420 466.667 6.800 8.600 0.010 3413 F" ARIHNGTON LAKE o.oss 0.770 462.000 8.283 14.4\iO Oo0l2 3415 LAKE HOPATCONG o.ou 0.120 416.333 13.627 14.900 o.oo1 3417 LAKE MUSCONETCONG o.o36 0.140 436.000 11.067 6.000 0.010 3419 PA\JLINS KILL LAKE Ool33 0.950 460.500 7.017 9.000 0.065 3420 SPRUCE RUN RESERVOIR o.ozo 0.470 428.667 15.333 15.000 o.oo1 3422 UNION LAKE Oo063 1.150 463.200 22.080 12.800 o.o1a

3423 WANAQUE RESERVOI~ o.014 0.120 355.333 7 .Ill 14.800 o.oo5

/ r··· -JQ£0 *"'ltWIIll""'•••••IIMUUG.. W-,•·••tS.l!IIIIWIIIWI ..., ------iiJfi ~

PERCENT or LA~ES WITH HIGHER VALUES (NUMBER or LAKES ~ITH HIGH£~ VALUES) ~ LAI

3406 ORA~ELL RESERVOIR Sit ( 61 17 21 42 ( 51 25 3J 1tZ 5J 67 8J z.. 1 3409 PINECLiff LAI

3419 PAULINS KILL LAKE 0 OJ 25 31 58 71 92 lU 75 9J 0 ( OJ 2~0 3420 SPRUCE RUN RESERVOIR 92 111 6J 75 9J 42 51 OJ 83 9J JltZ so 0 ' J1tZZ UNION LAKE 42 51 8 u 25 31 33 4J 50 6J 11 2J 175 3423 WANAQUE RESERVOIR 100 12) 87 101 100 12J 83 101 Zl 21 100 121 4'111 LAKES RANKED BY INDEX NOS. RANK LAKE CODE LAKE NAHE INDEX NO

491 l 3423 WANAQUE RESERVOIR 437 2 31t03 GREENilOOO LAKE 426 J 3417 LAKE HUSCONETCONG 4 3415 LAKE HOPATCONG 386 5 3420 SPRUCE RUN RESERVOIR 342

6 3413 FARRINGTON LAKE 283 7 3412 OUHERNAL LAKE 261

8 3419 PAULINS KILL LAKE 250 9 3406 ORADELL RESERVOIR 247 10 3409 PINECLIF'F' LAKE 234 11 3402 BUDD LAKE 19'1 12 )1t22 UNION LAKE 175 13 3410 POMPTON LAKES 174 79:.

1\ chronological, documentary history of past attempts at weed control on Greenwood Lake follows:

Contents:

~1 Greenwood Lake Aquatic Weed Control Association, 1963.

-2 Greenwood Lake Conservation Committee, 1968.

-3 A resolution urging upon the Department of Environmental

Protection to undertake an immediate program for weed

control at Greenwood Lake, 1975.

-4 West Milford Township Inter-state Clearwater Committee, 1975.

-5 A resolution urging upon the Department of Environmental

Protection to undertake an immediate program for weed

control at Greenwood Lake, 1977.

-6 Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee, 1977.

·7 Greenwood Lake Beautification and Improvement Committee, 1978. Since the early 1960's there has been a movement in the United States to look seriously at our environment. The people around Greenwood Lake tried many times to "clean the

Lake" as can be evidenced by the following examples which show the various attempts -- some successful, others failing -- to highlight the weed control problem. The Committee hopes that the compiled work in this Report will build upon and at last complete the work started by many before us to solve Greenwood

Lake's most pressing problem. CREENWOOO LAJ(E AQUATIC nrEEO CONTROL ASSOCIATION SOX 719, GREENWOOD LAKE, NEW YORK

September 9, 1963

The Town Board of West Milford West Milford, New Jersey

Gentlemen:

A few weeks ago a group organized an association during an open meeting at the Greenwood Lake New York Village Hall.

The purpose o! the meeting was to find ways and means of clearing Greenwood Lake of the excess weeds, silt and mud which has accumulated. This purpose has become the object of the newly formed "Greenwood Lake Aquatic Weed Control Association".

This association has elected officers, held two general membership meetings and are soliciting new members.

The annual dues are $2. 00 a member. The association is accepting all interested individuals and businesses as members.

The association has agreed on both a short range and long range plan.

The short range plan is already started and is to dispose of the excess weeds in the east arm of Greenwood Lake, New York. This program can be expanded to include other areas of the lake if sufficient interest is shown by those inhabiting and using such other areas.

The long range plan is to explore the possibility of having Greenwood Lake lowered so that the lake may be properly cleaned and docks, etc. may be more accessibly repaired and built. To accomplish this long range plan we have taken one initial step. We have prepared the enclosed petition which we are distributing around the area.

Your organization may contact Mrs. D. Kolar, President of the Greenwood Lake Aquatic Weed Control Association at Box #719, Greenwood Lake, New York for further information.

May we ask your support of these plans? We invite your participation and will be most grateful for your suggestions. 82-

August 2 7, 1963

Lakes, both large a.rrl small within our country, are kept clean and beautiful. This I s accomplished ill many regions by periodically lowering the water level to facilitate emoval of debris and the abundance of aquatic weed grov.th. Far too many years have passed since Greenwood Lake was lowered. AB a result 1eeds have accumulated to such an over abundance causing much unpleasantness. 'his is unhealthy .and unwarranted. We must remove this menace so that we may: 1. Improve our swimming and fishing conditions. · 2. Eliminate breeding grounds for mosquitoes and other pests. 3. Do away with foul odor from stagnant water-. The lake must be lowered to make the above possjbie. We all unite together and emand action be taken. · Name Address

..,, · ..... 83

HIP COMMITTEE LOUIS WALLISCH, JR. TERHUNE, JR. COUNSC&. MAYOlt ALBERT R. CORAUL L. LITTLE CNCIIN&Cit POST OJI'JI'ICE ADDRESS GOU WAI.TER A. WAI.SH TOWN MALL AUOITOlt BENDER 1480 UNION VALLEY ROAO GEORGE F'. EC:KHARCIT, JR. E. ECKERT WEST MIL.FORC, NEW JERSEY 07480 TOWNSNIP CL.Citl< TCL.&I'.NON8 (Ait&A C:ooa :&01) 72.... 731

January 9, 1968

RE: Greenwood Lal~e Conserve ticn Co.rn.tni tt~e

TO: Peter Anoll Walter G. Piloer Jules Genthon De :t-Iont Seagrave HJrold Jacobsen Latvrence Pease Paul Hamm Paul Buss This letter is official confirmation of your appointment by 11ayor Terhune at the Organization Meeting held on January 1, 1968 to the Greenwood Lake Conservation Committee for the year 1968.

Very truly yours, .-II ·J/ /'( I / I ~ J (at~/ v/ .. tf.';4/1 /.. fd/~·_,lr. ~-· ~J George F. Eckhardt, Jr. ·· Township Clerk GFE:ib 84.-:

--·-. ' l-1srcb 20, 197$

N.~. Dept. of Environmental Protection Division of Envirocmental Quality Jobn Pitcb Plaza Trenton, New Jerse1 0862S Attn: George Be1ers Re: A RESOLUTION URGING UPON 1'EE DEPA..J:iTMEN1' OF ENVIBOltMENTAL PROTECTI01{ 1'0 tn1DER'l'AKE AU D~IATE PROGRAM FOR WEED CONTROL AT GREEUWOOD LAKE Dear Mr. Be1ers:

I berewitb transmit a certified copy of the above resolu tion which was adopted b7 the Township Council of tbe T~Jnsbip of Weat Milford, ia the Couat1 of Passaic, at their meeting held Marcb 19, l97S· As stated in the resolution, please advise tbe Towcsbip Council of action taken b7 1ou on this matter. Tbaak 7ou.

Very trul1 7ours,

George P. Eckhardt, Jr. 'l'owaship Clerk

CiFE:cmm encl.

cop1~~ Seas tor Wayne Dumont, Jr., Dist. 1.$ AssemblymBn Robert E. Littell, Dist. lS Assemblyman Robert Shelton, Jr., Dist. 1.$ 85

A RESOLUTION URGING UPON TH:: D:SPART!·iENT OF EN"VIRONJ1ENTAL F'RO'ISCTION TO UNDERTAKE AN Ut:~DIATE PROOR.AJ.l FOR \'t':::S:D CONTROL AT GRE:::N"wOOD LAKE: WHEREAS. samples of vegetation taken at Greenwood Lake I• '~indicate that there is an urgent need for weed control at the ' and !'"""' WHEP~AS, such aquatic growth does impair the use of said j • lake 1 also does have an effect on health conditions in the i : surrounding area; and 1l ' WHEREAS, by reason of the sace 1 an immediate remedy to I i correct the sace is advisable; I ! BE IT RESOLVED, that the Department of Environmental : Protection be and the same is hereby urged to undertake an I! ~ediate program for weed control at Greenwood Lake; that such _ j~ program be undertaken before the summer season of 1975; that ! it be requested to keep the township informed as to the program I j taken and the results thereof; the Township Clerk be and he is

: hereby authorized and directed to foi"\<~ard a certified CO.PY of I I this resolution to Mr. George Beyers. Office of Pesticides, ! D1v1s1onof Environmental Quality, John Fitch Plaza. Trenton, New I ! Jersey. 08625. I i I 1:rntroduced: March 19, 197$ j:Approved: March 19, 1975 i! GEORGE E. ECKERT (L.S.) ll,, MAYOR GEORGE F. ECKHARDT, JR. (L.S.) ',,:ATTEST:-----="""";:;:;-..,...~;:------i t I TOWNSHIP CLERK I I II I HEREBY CERTIFY the above to be a/ !:Res. Book true copy of a resolution adopted by the ~N.J. Division of Envi• Township Council of the Township of West 1: ronmental Quality Milford, New Jersey at a Regular Meeting I Health Depar1;ment held Mareb 19, 1975. 1 (Subject FilcY '• . ! ·- . I·'I . I George F. Eeknari!t, Jr . l'o.,nship Clerk ----·----,_...... ,....,... -----. ·- .••__l· ... INTER-OFFICE MEMORANDID-! ·. . '· DATE: March 24, 197.$ TO: Kenneth Hawkswell, Health Officer

FROM: George F. Eckbardt, Jr., Township Clerk su-euTECT: Formation of a new West Milford Township Inter-State Clear Water Committee

I herewith advise you of the following motion whicb was adopted by the West Milford Township Council at their meeting held March 19, 197.$: "Upon recommendation by Councilman Reilly, the present West Milford Township Inter-State Clear Wster Co~ittee was dissolved sed the Health Department was directed to make recommendation for tbe formation of a new group." To assist you, I enclose a copy or the resolution adopted November 5, 1969, whicb provided for tbe creation end appoint ment of members to the west Milford Township Inter-State Clear Water Co~~ittee, and stating the purposes and functions of the Conwittee.

George F. Eckhardt, Jr. Township Clerk GFE:cmm encl. 8T

ll 1: ,! :t ,! ,::f II i! II . A R::SOLUTION TO PROVIDE FOR THE I! CR~TIO:'l" A!-rD AP?OINT:-2'1;T OF ~~::::·U3E~S TO THE t-!EST l-!ILFORD CLEAR I TOi-:i{SHIP Ir\TER-STATE I I WATER CO?·~·UTTEE: I I I ~~EREAS, it is deemed advisable that there be forced a 1committee, to be called the vlest Milford Township Inter-State Clear 1 \~ater Co:n:nittee~ to function with a corn.mittee to consist or ·

!persons of muncipalities of the State or New York~ .for the purpose of preventing the pollution of the bi-state lake of Greenwood Lake; and ( 1 'tti:E'?.:£J..'5, this c.c'J.::..ittee, t~i,etn.e-r "~tn tn~ ~~~ "ic-r~ ~tatt Co:mittee, will have.as its functions the study, investigation and

advising or the methods to improve the water or said Gre~nwood Laker utilizing federal, state and local aid, advising the Township Counc las to step: to b~ t::en in :his regard; 1 • NOl-l', TH-:::R.E::!-ORE, B~ IT RESOLVED, by the To"'-nship Council of the Township of West Milford, in the County of Passaic, that

l. There be created the special committee~ advisory, to be known as the 'Ylest Milford Township Inter-State Clear Water Co:t:l mittee, to consist or five (5) persons, to be appointed by the Council, and who shall serve at the will or the council, said coQ:t:littee to have the advisory powers as aforestated; 2. The .following persons are hereoy appointed to serve on said co::-.::littee: Paul J. Emili us Heroert vlol ters Rooert Hearle Peter Anoll Robert Reilly I !!Introduced: Nove~ber 5, 1969 HApproved: Nove~ber 5, 1969 I HEREBY CERTIFY the above to bel II a true copy of a re3olut1~n adopted by I! the Tot.r.l~hip Council or the Touns!lip OJ .;r West ~ilford, N.J. at a regular meetin1 d/ he19.on Nove:r.~cy!{·S, -1969.. . ~ / /.-,.-. .· . y . /,! / .·/.; ,. · ~,·~ , t/ V' . ~./'/:.::.-r~c/ · r" G6org= F'. Eck..-.:l:-ct, Jr., TO,!-":!l:l.!.p Cle::-J • 1.. 88_

! I ....

•

September 26, 1977

To: Brendan T. Byrne, Governor, State of New Jersey Rocco D. Ricci, Commissioner, Department or Environmental Protection Frank Bolton, Biologist, Bureau of Fisheries Laboratory Re: A RESOLUTION URGING UPON THE DEPARTMENT OF EINIRONr-iENTAL PROTECTION TO UNDERTAKE AN I1vU1EDIATE PROGRAi"'l FOR WEED CONTROL AT GREENWOOD LAKE Honorable Sirs: In accordance with direction contained therein; I herewith transmit a copy or the above resolution which was adopted by the Township Council of the Township or West Milford in the County of Passaic, New Jersey at a regular meeting held September 21, 1977.

Very truly yours, . ' ...... ;;. ·." ..:•; .. .. .- ' ..

George F. Eckhardt, Jr. _, Township Clerk GFE:ik II :t A RESOLUTION URGI~G UPON TH~ DEPA~TMENT OF ji ENVIRON:·!EN!'AL PROTECTIO!'l TO UNDERTAKE AN D:JiiEDIATE PROGRAH FOR WEED CONTROL AT GREEN'~OOD LAKE I',, WrlEREAS, Greenwood Lake is owned by the State of New Jersey; and

~:AEREAS, samples of vegetation taken at Greenwood Lake indicate that there is an urgent need for weed control at the lake; and WHEREAS, such aquatic growth does impair the use or said lake, also does have an effect on health conditions in the surrounding area; and WHEREAS, by reason or the same, an immediate remedy to correct the same is advisable; BE IT RESOLVED, that the Department of Environmental Protection be and the same is hereby urged to undertake an immediate program for weed control at Greenwood Lake; that such program be undertaken before the summer season of 1978; that it be requested to keep the township informed as to the program taken and the results thereof; the Township Clerk be and he is hereby authorized and directed to forward a certified copy of this resolution to New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Fisheries Laboratory, Frank Bolton,

Biologist, ~ebanon, New Jersey 08833, Rocco D~ Ricci, Commissioner, Department of Environmental Protection, P.O. Box 1390, Trenton, New Jersey 08625, and Governor Brendan T. Byrne. Introduced: September 21, 1977 Approved: September 21, 1977

ARTHUR P. MILDNER, MAYOR

ATTEST: TOWNSHIP CLERK

Res. Book N.J. Division of Envi- ronmental Quality :; ,Health Department · !.~Subject File /

I f/l,,l,, /, /t,. ~ /C, _ .. I ~ f ... /1 I , • ; I' ' •/ , I Jl fi '1 I 90_

. .

STATE OF NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OP' ENVlRONMEN'tA.l. PROTECTION TO'!.'NS:-i I P OF ROCCO 0. RICCI, COMMISSIONER Vv'EST l\:11 i:.FORD 1 N.J. P.O. BOX 1390 f.F.;.~ ------TRENTON, N . ..J. 08625 609-292-2885

September 30, 1977

Mr. George F. Eckhardt, Jr., Clerk To~..,n Hall 1480 Union Valley Road West Milford, New Jersey 07480

Dear ~~. Eckhardt: Please advise the Township Council of the Township of West Milford that I have received a copy of their Resolution adopted September 21, 1977 and that the Department of Environmental Protection will carefully consider the information and resolution that it contains.

Re: A RESOLUTION URGING UPON THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONJI.lENTAL PROTECTION TO UNDERTAKE AN IMMEDIATE PROGRAM FOR WEED CONTROL AT GREENWOOD LAKE adopted September 21, 1977

( ;' f . ~Jtf ol •', #. -· ~/ ~1. t/77 91

IrHEROFFICE t1El-!ORANDUM

TO: Mayor and Council .. Mr. J. T. Terry, Nanager FROM: Planning Board DATE: April 29, 1977 SUBJECT: Gteenwood lake Citizens Advisory Committee

At their regular meeting held Her:lnesd~y, April 13, 1977, the Planning Board resolved to for1-1ard the following resolution to the f1ayor and Co unci 1:

"Th~ Pl anrling Board hereby recommends that the Nayor establish a Greenwood lake Citizens Advisory Committee of no less than five (5) members to aid the Planning Board in the future planning ard development of Green wood Lake. It is recommended that the Committee should represent as a minimum, the following: a.) residents in the vicinity of the lake; b.) other residents of the Township; c.} commercial interests; d.} recreational interests, and e.) policing interests, State, County and/or Municipal." ~..t-Lt.fo) .dr ~.cAd· Gladys De Cesare, Secretary \~est Hil ford Planning Board - 92_ ~yor Mildner asked for nominations of appointments of members to the ~reenwood Lake Advisory Committee. Mayor Mildner submitted the following names: David Quam •••••••••••••••••••••• Ex Officio l.Jember Commander William Fennecken ••••• Ex officio Member James Doody •••••••••••••••••••• Regular Member David MacMillan ••••••••••••••••• Regular Member fuere being no further nominations, the nominations were closed. ~oved: Hamm Seconded: Gillen {oted Aye: Gillen, Hamm, Sambraus, '\'lobbekind, Mildner {oted Nay: .None Motion carried - 93

TOViNSHIP OF ~lEST MILFORD, COUNTY OF PASSAIC, NIDI JERSEY Minutes of: Township Council Date of Meeting: December 7, 1977 Time of Meeting: 8:00 P.l·l. Place of Meeting: West Milford Town Hall Minute Page No. 429 The Deputy Township Clerk proceeded to poll the Council on the appointments of members to the Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee: Councilman Gillen •••••• David Quam, Commander William · Fennecken, James Doody, David MacMillan Councilman Hamm •••••••• David Quam, Commander William Fennecken, James Doody,.David MacMillan Deputy Mayor Sambraus •• David Quam, Commander William Fennecken, James Doody, David Macl1illan Councilman Wobbekind ••• David Quam, Commander William Fennecken, James Doody, David MacMillan Mayor Mildner •••••••••• David Quam, Commander William Fennecken, James Doody, David MacMillan Mayor Mildner announced the appointments of David Quam,and Commander William Fennecken as ex-officio members of the Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee and James Doody, and David MacMillan appoint ed as Regular members of the Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee. r1ayor l1ildner asked for nominations of appointments of the five remaining vacancies to the Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee. Councilman William Wobbekind nominated Robert Burrows, William Hermann, Mrs. Gail Bolka, Charles Dominy and Peter Szvetics. Councilman Paul Hamm nominated Estelle Anderson and Brad Bender. There being no further nominations the nominations were closed. Moved: Wobbekind Seconded: Hamm Voted Aye: Gillen, Hamm, Sambraus, Wobbekind, Mildner Voted Nay: None Motion carried The Deputy Township Clerk proceeded to poll the Council on the appointment of five members to the Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee~ Councilman Gillen •••• Dominy, Bender, Szvetics, Anderson Councilman Hamm •••••• Bender, Anderson, Dominy, Szvetics Deputy Mayor Sambraus ••• Hermann, Dominy, Burrows, Bolka, Szvetics Councilman Wobbekind •••• Hermann,Bolka, Dominy, Burrows, Szvetics Mayor Mildner ••••••••••• Burrows , Hermann, Bolka, Dominy, Szvetics · Mayor Mildner announced Robert Burrows, William Hermann, Gail Bolka, Ctbharles Dominy and Peter Szvetics appointed as Regular members of e Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee. __ - . -~··!-·· 94 .. ------·------·------.------,-

GREENWOOD LAKE ADVISORY COMMITTEE A G E N D A

I Introduction: / - Committee Members ·James Doody - David MacMillan - Robert Burrows 1wnHam Hermann - Gail Bolka - Charles Dorrtny

Peter Szvetics - Commander Fennecken - n~vid Quam I - Meeting Dates - Meeting Place II Background Information - Planning Board Activity .Pier & Dock Ordinance . Seaplane Ordinance - DEP Involvement III Purpose & Goals - Comprehensive Study • Existing Conditions Assests Liabilities • Trends . Conplicting Interests • Management Proposals - Recommendations to Planning Board

IV Mi see 11 aneous - Open Public Meetings Act/Public Involvement - Staff - Budget - ~5

MEMORANDUM

TO: Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee Members FROM: Kenneth Nelson, Planning Director DATE: January 6, 1978 SUBJECT: Enclosed Materials

The enclosed materials include: The Township Natural Resources Inventory Pier & Dock Ordinance Seaplane Ordinance Lake Hopatcong Regional Planning Board Annual Report - 1974 Existing land Use Map Letter dated 2/25/77 from Kenneth Nelson to D. Graham re: DEP/West Milford meeting Minutes of DEP/West Milford meeting held 3/10/77 Miscellaneous material regarding seaplane activity Resolution creating Greenwood lake Advisory Committee

Other material that will be forwarded shortly include: Information regarding the Skylands Concept New Jersey Boating Regulations Recent study of lake Hopatcong 96~ -·- -.:. ~ _.....;..______. ______--·-·--- r I RESOLUTION TO CREATE A JOINT GREENWOOD LAKE COMMITTEE

WHEREAS, Greenwood Lake is an interstate body of water lo cated in the municipalities of the Township of West Milford,N.J., the Town of Warwick, N.Y., and the Village of Greenwood Lake, N.Y.; and WHEREAS, the properties in the municipalities are so inter related so that any development of said property should be con sidered on a regional basis rather than an isolated town by town approach without consideration of the effects of the adjoining municipalities; and WHEREAS, the plans to develop said property, in the opinion of the governing bodies of the municipalities will have sub stantial impact on the municipalities and their resident; and WHEREAS, the governing bodies of the municipalities involved are concerned that the entire development proposal of Greenwood Lake be reviewed by all of them on a regional basis to protect the interests or each town and to protect the health, safety and general welfare of the residents of the individual towns; and Town of Warwick, N.Y. and the Village of Greenwood Lake, N.Y. agree to the establishment or a joint Greenwood Lake Committee for the purpose of investigating and analyzing all development proposals effecting Greenwood Lake in order to protect the inte rest of each town and its residents and to consider the environmental protection of the general region, as well as the protect ion, preservation and conservation of the natural open space and water resources of the region and also to insure the protection and preservation of property values of adjoining and nearby properties; and I WHEREAS, the Joint Greenwood Lake Committee will continually , strive for solutions and development plans which are deemed essen- 1 tial to the development or Greenwood Lake with the cooperation i j and approval of the Planning Boards and governing bodies of the effected municipalities in a spirit of unity dedicated to the common interests of all orthe towns involved; and WHEREAS, the Township Council hereby agrees to appoint two ----...----.:...------·---···--· ----·------r I - 2 -

representatives to the Joint Greenwood Lake Committee from West Milford Township in accordance with the Organization Plan of the Committee; and WHEREAS, one of the aforementioned representatives will be a member of the governing body and the second representative will be a citizen of the Township; NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the Joint Greenwood Lake Committee hereby created shall have no legal authority to represent its position as being that of the governing body of any of the individual towns or to take any action or express any opinion which shall bind the governing body of any of the towns, but rather that the Committee hereby created, act solely as an investigatory and advisory committee which shall report pertinent developments to the respective governing bodies of the municipalities as they occur and express opinions and recommendations to said governing bodies for consideration by the governing bodies.

Introduced~ July 19, 1978 Approved: July 19, 1978

ARTHUR P. MILDNER, MAYOR

ATTEST: ACTING TOWNSHIP CLERK I HEREBY CERTIFY the above to be a true copy of a resolution adopted by the Township Council of the Township of West Milford, N.J. at a Regular Meeting held July 19, 1978.

Kevin J. Byrnes Acting Township Clerk : Res. Book 1 Planning Board 1; Subject file I!,: !!

.:.' '\ CHAPTER TWO

DIRECT INVESTIGATION BY THE GREE1' 1WOOD LAKE ADVISORY CCMMITTEE

This chapter contains the organizational materials from the formation of the Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee together with the Committee's official survey which was mailed to all property owners surrounding the Lake's New Jersey shore. Also in this chapter will be found selected extracts from responses to the survey and comments from certain of the Committee's meetings at which weed control experts appeared. (Please remember that these comments are for the most part stated in brief, extracted form as notes rather than complete statements.) Chapter 2

Direct Investigation by the Greenwood Lake Advisory Co~~ittee e 100 Greenwood Lak~ Advisory Committee Member List

101 List of experts contacted during investigation 102 Copy of official survey that was sent to property owners bounding directly on shores of Greenwood Lake, New Jersey end only.

106 Extracts from official survey of waterfront property owners on Greenwood Lake

108 Extracts from Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee Minutes 100 '

GREENWOOD LAKE ADVISORY COMMITTEE TOWNSHIP OF WEST MILFORD NEW JERSEY

Regular Members

GAIL BOLKA

ROBERT E. BURROWS, SECRETARY

CHARLES DOMINY

JAMES P. DOODY, CHAIRMAN

WILLIAM HERMANN, VICE-CHAIRMAN

DAVID G. MAC MILLAN (RETIRED AUGUST 11, 1978)

PETER C. SZVETICS Ex Officio Members

COMMANDER WILLIAM FENNECKEN

NEW JERSEY MARINE POLICE FIELD STATION - LAKE HOPATCONG

DAVID QUAM

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, U. S. SEAPLANE PILOTS ASSOCIATION Planning Advisor

STEPHEN M. GROSS - KEN NELSON

TOWNSHIP OF WEST MILFORD PLANNING BOARD Liaison to Township of West Milford Council

CHARLES SLAWINSKI

THIRD WARD COUNCILMAN Hll

List of Experts Contacted Durinq Investigation

Alfred T. Guido, Director, Division of Parks and Forests and General Manager of the Morris Canal and Banking Company, (all part of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection)

Address: P. o. Box 1420, Trenton, N. J. 08625 'Frank Bolton, Biologist for State Fish and Game Division of D.E.P.; Director of Weed Control Program on State Lakes

Address: N. J. Fisheries Lab P. 0. Box 394 Lebanon, N. J. 08833

Rodger Dougherty, Environmentalist from West Milford Former Chairman, Environmental Commission Current Environmental Chairman for Coalition of Lake Associations

Kenneth Hawkswell, Health Officer, West Milford Township

Louis Shenman, District Sales Manager, Eastern, Mud Cat Division of National Car Rental

Address: 2337 Lemoine Avenue Fort Lee, New Jersey

Charles Gilbert, Allied Biological Control Corp., Gladstone, N.J.

Dick Folsom; Folsom Marine Service Corporation, Concord, New Hampshire lOT

TOWNSHIP OF WEST MIL-FORO

t•ao UNION VALLEY ROAD TOWN HALL.

WEST MILJI'ORCI, NEW .JEReCY 07.80

GREENWOOD LAKE ADVISORY COl

Dear Waterfront Property Owner on Greenwood Lake: The West Milford Township Council has recently created the Greenwood Lake Aavisory Comrni ttee, which is cor.1posed mainly of citizens who live along or near Greenwood Lake, to study the prob lenls of the Lake and to recommend ways and means of making the Lake a safe and environmentally sound area. In the next several months the Committee will be gather ing and digesting information concerning the Lake from marina owners, lake associations, groups using the Lake, lakefront property owners, state officials and others in developing its report. To aid the Committee in its task, we are appealing to you, as a lakefront property owner, for your assistance. We want very much to know what in your opinion are the major and minor problems affecting the Lake and what solutions you would recommend. We believe you have a unique vantage point as regards life on Greenwood Lake and we want rl' to give you this opportunity of voicing your concerns whatever they may be. The enclosed Survey is sent to you and others for this pur pose in the hope that you will cooperate in completing it thoughtfully and candidly and with the Lake's best interests in mind. Please return the Survey to us in the enclosed envelope by May 3, 1978. We pledge ourselves to the betterment of Greenwood Lake and we thank you in advance for your support. Please feel free to contact any committee member through the Township Planning Office regarding your concerns • S=l~~ P. Doody*n William Hermann, V. Chairman Peter c. Szvetics (Organizations) (Winter Activities) Gail Bolka (Lake Associations) Charles Dominy (Winter Activities) Robert Burrows (Waterfront Owners) ~vid G. MacMillan (Marinas) David Quam, Ex-Officio Cmdr. William Fennecken Stephen M. Gross (Planning Advisor) Ex-Officio 103

TOWNSHIP OF WEST MILFORD GREENWOOD LAKE ADVISORY COMMITTEE TOWN HALL West Milford, New Jersey 07480

SURVEY OF LAKEFRONT PROPERTY OWNERS ON GREENWOOD LAKE

Please answer ALL questions and return this Survey promptly. l. Number of persons in family ------2. Are you predominantly: a summer resident? ------a year-round resident? ------other? (specify)

3. How long have you lived on Greenwood Lake? 4. What WATER-RELATED activities-do you or your family participate in? (check) Boating (power) ____ Swimming ----- Fishing Boating (sail) _____ Water Skiing ------Other Boating (other) _____ Scuba/skin diving specify: specify:

5. Do you or your family perceive any conflict or problem, safety or otherwise, which prevents or lessens the enjoy ment of these activities? (specify)

If so, can you suggest any possible solutions? ------

6. What WINTER-RELATED activities do you or your family participate in on the Lake?

7. Do you or your family perceive any conflict or problem, safety or otherwise, which prevents or lessens the enjoy ment of these activities? (specify)

If so, can you suggest any possible solutions?

8. Do you or your family participate in any of the above summer or water activities as a member of any club or organization? If so, where is its headquarters located and how may we contact a repre sentative? (Name and telephone)

/ 104

9. In the future, would you like to see any additional activities, programs or events held on the Lake? (specify)

10. Do you presently use the Lake for other than a recreational resource? (i.e. commercial purposes, aesthetic, water supply etc.) (specify)

11. In your opinion, how may the Lake be best utilized as a resource?

12. Do you feel that the operation and landing of private seaplanes on the Lake should be: (a) totally prohibited? (b) allowed but regulated as to season, time of week, time of day, etc? 13. Would you favor or oppose the operation of a commercial excursion/steamboat on the Lake? 14. 00 you feel that the operation of snowmobiles on the Lake should be: (a) totally prohibited? (b) allowed but regulated as to curfew, etc.? 15. How would you feel about the development of a state or municipal park-type facility on the Lake?

16. Other than those already mentioned, do you perceive or foresee any other problems or areas of concern affecting the Lake, such as pollution, noise control, lake accessibility, weed control, etc.? (specify)

17. The Committee would appreciate any other comments you may have concerning the Lake: 105

In addition to the duties outlined in the cover letter, the Committee is compilinq information reqardinq the history of the Lake. Can you offer below any information reqardinq the history of your own property or the Lake area in qeneral?

Name or siqnature (optional) EXTRACTS FROM SURVEY OF LAKEFRONT PROPERTY OWNE'RS : 55 Year Resident: The weeds must be controlled. 40 Year Resident: Too many weeds and too much muck. Lower water level so we can clean Lake and put in sand, dredge Lake.

40 Year Resident: In the last 15 years, due to pollution, primarily from Belcher's Creek, weeds have become a major problem.

30 Year Resident: Water pollution and weed control should be given top priority.

25 Year Resident: When we first moved to Greenwood Lake (at the mouth of Belcher's Creek) we were able to swim and fish from our own dock. Since that time, so much silt has built up in this area, weeds and muck prohibit us from doing these activities anymore. In fact, during the summer it is nearly impossible to get my boat out, and the stench from the weeds is terrible. My wife and I have received over fifty signatures on a petition from people in our vicinity who would like to see Belcher's Creek area cleaned up.

15 Year Resident: Specifically an example: A new resident buys Lakefront property along a cove, he denudes his steep slope of all trees, bushes, and weeds. He wants a nice lawn. Rain starts eroding this barren area immediately. This causes more filling in of cove, normal runoff is already filling it in. He then fertilizes and puts down grass seed, this quickly flows into Lake. Now the cove is really in trouble as it has normal weed problem and now the added load of this newcomer's runoff. What can be done to stop this and control what we have. (Note: person referred to gave up and had property sodded) 101

10 Year Resident: Do something about weeds! 10 Year Resident: Seaweed in the Lake endangering human life and lessens enjoyment. Prevent it's growth; use chemical and dredge. 8 Year Resident: Weed control is absolutely essential-now!

8 Year Resident: The Lake is filthy. Over the last two years I have seen much more pollution in the Lake. The pollution is so bad that members of my family refuse to go in the Lake. The weeds, scum at the bottom of the Lake and oil from motor boats contribute to the already polluted state of the Lake. I feel that a massive clean-up campaign of the Lake should be started immediately otherwise the Lake will be beyond salvation. Many home owners, including myself, will begin to sell their property over the next couple of years if something is not done to "Save the Lake".

5 Year Resident: overabundance of seaweed ruining motors and endangering lives of skiers and swimmers alike. 4~ Year Resident: Have Lake and inlets dredged and a better weed control program started. Have Army Corps. of Engineers or a private contractor dredge Lake. Cost of dredging would pay for itself by selling and dredged up for top soil when it dries.

It is excellent top soil.

3 Year Resident: The enormous amount of seaweed in the water curtails swimming activity. One literally must pull oneself through, untangling all the way. Guests usually will not swim at all as it take some getting used to before one will engage in such wrestling with the unseen. 10

EXTRACTS FROM GREENWOOD LAKE ADVISORY COMMITTEE MINUTES:

5/10/78 Quotes from Al Guido, Director of Forests and Parks and also

General Manager of the Morris Canal and Banking Company.

17 Yrs. of State Work experience, also served 5 years on

the Lake Hopatcong Planning Board.

Lake could be lowered to kill weeds after all parties

have given permission. Must look at long term and stop nutrients from entering Lake.

Lake Hopatcong used weed control 20 years. Now many weeds

cannot be killed by chemical. They are looking into mechanical

harvesting.

6/1/78 Motion to support amendment of weed control bill (see 4-1)

6/19/78 Frank Bolton Phone conversation 5/30/78 - Harvesting

being studied on Lake Hopatcong. Approximately $100,000.00 for equipment and approximately $30,000.00 a year for

maintenance. Harvesting would be accomplished at rate of

six acres a day. Would require harvesting twice a year

as with lawn mowing weeds grow faster.

8/22/78 Self help by residents along Belchers Creek offered by

John Mulligan owner of Greenwood Lake Swim Club. Each

resident is willing to invest $100.00 into control by

cutting. Chairman Doody warned of possible legal problems

with this kind of effort.

Sally Anderson gave report on her work with Senator Dumont

and his proposed $75,000.00 weed control bill for

Greenwood Lake. (See 4-2) 3/27/78 Frank Bolton, Biologist from State Fish and Game Div. of D.E.P.

Brank Bolton~plained last year's weed control program. He

evaluated it as successful. He reported on his Fall Survey.

He is planning only the Eastern Shore of Fox Island for

deweeding for 1979. He explained types of plants his program really works on. As follows: A. Diquat is used to control

Mil Foil (Myriophyllum spicatum). B. Potassium endothol

is used to control pond weeds (potamogeton amplifolius) . They

are the only chemicals he is presently allowed.

At one time (1969) he did use sodium arsenic but this is

not allowed in any waterway today. Sodium arsenic was the

chemical used to treat fan wart (cobomba caroliniana) . The

chemicals he uses only kill the weeds mentioned with the

chemical. The problem weeds now are growth in abundance

of fan wart and tape grass (vallisneria) .

Mr. Bolton discussed New York State's involvement in his

program as regarding restriction to his work close to

State line i.e., Storms Island area. See letters marked

BOLTCN ahead. Hr. Bolton e<:plained in detail how weed control is done. Using airboat and 50-50 mix of diquat.

Mr. Bolton discussed handling hazards of A. Diquat, if taken

full strength it can cause brain damage, whenJin excess of

5 oz., is taken orally. It can also cause slight skin

burns or discoloration if handled without gloves. It be~omes

impotent on weeds one hour after use. B. Potassium endethol;

leaves residue and cannot be used closer to potable water

intake than one thousand feet. 110

See Fig. F-1 for 1977-78 weed control program. Noting area 6A was deleted due to objection by Orange County Dept. of Health as area is 1800 feet from two drinking water intakes on New York Shore.

1977 - 40 acres treated

1978 - 141 acres treated

1979 projected 44 - 48 acres

Chemicals New Jersey allows using in Greenwood Lake and weeds they control:

Diquat - milfoil (myriophyllum spicatum)

Potassium endothol - pond weeds (potamogeton amplifolius)

Note: Potassium endothol is not approved by New York Department

of Environmental Conservation

Chemicals used in past (1969 and prior thereto):

A .. Sodium arsenic- fan wart (cobomba caroliniana)

B. Copper sulfate - no specific weed but can control some.

also can kill fish if used incorrectly.

In 1968 Greenwood Lake fish kill was due to insecticide spray.

Diquat does not kill plant roots so therefore, an annual program is necessary. In lakes where Diquat is continually used, there also seems to be an increasing growth of tape grass.

The State of New Jersey has no objection to groups or organizatior such as associations on Lake supplementing the state's program in their areas with say, stronger chemicals so long as they do it correctly and realize any damage that might happen they would be responsible for. (N.B. neither the Committee, nor Mr. Bolton, is recommending massive self-help activity by private persons 111

or organizatio~ seeking to control weed growth. Any private individual, group or organization corntemplating any sort of weed control program should contact either Mr. Bolton, the Township or Health Officer before preceding. The $25,000.00 state weed control budget is shared by 39 different lakes. Funding comes from fishing licenses and fines paid to Fish and Game. In fact, Mr. Bolton's salary is subsidized by Federal funds. Lowering of Lake to kill weeds by freezing would work but you would have to do it every third year. Dredging would be by far the best control but it is very expensive. Use of the.Mud Cat is a good thing to look into. EPA has a lake restoration program with a 60-40 matching fund for the community, with state as agent. 9/27/78 Kenneth Hawkswell, Director of Health, West Milford, Kenneth

was asked to give a report on the townships (West Milford)

septic surveillance plan. His report follows: at present

time there is no full time surveillance program. But reported

that all suspected violations are investigated. Kenneth

submitted an outline for accomplishing the program around

Lake. {See 4-4) later Kenneth sent us a more defined report

(4-4a). Kenneth pointed out most septic problems are due to

little or no preventive maintenance.

A Septic system should be pumped out and cleaned once every

two or three years, commercial more frequently. New people

moving into the area probably know little or nothing about septic

systems. An ongoing program of educating people about septics is another goal of the Health Department. People in general

hearing about a surveillance program would fear costly fines

or expensive repair or renewal projects with their septics.

Robert Burrows suggested information about H.U.D. and

County Home Improvement Loans at 3% should be given to all

affected homeowners. This would give them an incentive

to abide voluntarily with any surveillance program.

(See 4-5). l. LJ

.,,,~, h f R. Burrows: Introduced Mr. Louis Shenman regional Director of Sales for Mud Cat, part of national car rental. Mr. Shenman brought with him Mr. Robert Anderson from Purcell Associates a consulting firm that deals with areas such as lake restoration. Mr. Shenman: Presented a 10 minute film on the mud cat in operation. He then gave a detailed presentation on the Mud Cat. He gave those present a packet of information. Basic information a Mud Cat is a 10 ton low turbidity hydrologic maintenance dredge. It is capable of sending

silt and water through pipes 3500 ft (~ mi +) without a booster pump. It operates very systematically

in grid~yle clearing areas to a depth of 15 feet. In considering size required you have to consider pumping capacity and your spoil area capacity. Larger dredges such as an Elencott weigh 52 tons and cost of moving would be very restrictive. Large dredges also can break through the natural bottom of a lake and possibly cause problem The following are questions and answers on the Mud Cat. c. Slawinski: Does price include training? L. Shenman: Yes on the job training is supplied. C. Slawinski: IS the silt marketable? L. Shenman Yes but it depends on distance delivered C. Slaswinski: What is the settling time of the silt dredged out? L. Shenman One hour one week to one month depending on weight of silt particles

H. Hermann Is there smell from spoil~ L. Shenman It is possible depending on how rich silt is

J. Doody What happens when you find a stump~ L Shenman The machine will stop and crew will have to clear stump

or other obstruction. Dredging can then~ntinue beyond stump Mud Cat will not eat stumps. You can see a mud cat in operation if you go to Alpine or Englewood Marina on the Hudson River.

R. Dougherty Do you have small job contractorsf What would the minimum size be to use mud cat~

How do you get around curve~ L. Shenman Yes I have a list available 2 to 5 thousand cubic yards Move on end into curve like pie cut

J. Doody 1. What is the average life of mud cat~ 2. How do you transport the mud cat ~ L. Shenman 1. It hasn't been determined yet but roughly say 10 yrs 2. Standard flatbed truck G. Bolka 1. What is guarantee f 2. How much noise? 1!5

L. Shenman 1. Six months parts and labor 2. Well below OSHA standards c. Dominy 1. What kind of auger bearing~

2. Replacement cost if shaft gets bent~

L. Shenman 1 Bearing is sealed type

2. Approx. $4,000.00 but would check into it

J. Doody 1. Will high winds affect mud cat?

2. Will boat wakes affect it~

L. Shenman 1. Yes you would not operate that day

2. No your rigging could compensate for sway

floating pipes can be adjusted

P. Szvetics For mid lake work what kind of anchors are needed

for the cable?

L. Shenman Let me explain that the cable pressure is small because

the auger action creates all the forward pressure.

Anchor could be boat type for sand or whatever

the bottom is made of.

C. Slawinski 1. Does the auger chop things up?

2 Could pipe clog up~

L. Shenman 1. yes in fact branches as thick 3 inches are chopped up

with no effort

2. yes the pipe can clog. The operator watches the outpu

pressure indicator and should be able to prevent a clog

C. Dominy What pressure can it build to?

L. Shenman Exact pressure I dont know, but the pipe can take 80 PSI 116 ,

P. Szvetics Can the silt cut wall~ say, cave in~ L. Shenman Yes and you just over lap more or even make more than one pass J. Doody Thanked Mr .. Shenman for a very graphic presentation

L. Shenman Happy to come1 as he sells via education 117

TOWNSHIP OF WEST MILFORD

1480 UNION VALLET ROAD

TOWN HALL

WEST MILFORD, NEW JERSEY 07<480

TU.E~HONC: (AJtEA CODE 201) 728·3731

June 19, 1978

GREENWOOD LAKE ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Bon. Mayor and Z.fembers of the West Milford Township Council Toa"!l Hall 1480 Union Valley Road West Milford, New Jersey 07480

Dear Mayor and Members of the Council:

At its recent meeting the members of the Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee passed a resolution seeking an amendment to two appropriation bills pending before the New Jersey Legislature concerning weed control on state lakes.

The bills in question aJ;"e A 358, introduced by Assemblyman Karl Weidel, which appropriates $100,000 for weed control at La.kes Hopatcong and Musconetcong; and S 1150, introduced by Senator Wayne Dumont, Jr., which appropriates $50,000 for weed control at Mountain Lake.

The Committee seeks an amendment to these bills which would include Greenwood Lake for weed c.ontrol purposes and which would raise the total appropriations by $50,000 and $25,000 respectively.

As you are aware, the problem of weed growth in Greenwood Lake is an ever-increasing nuisance which not only hinders recreational enjoyment of the Lake but which threatens the very life of the Lake itself. The Coarnittee is studying the causes of this problem and hopes to recommend methods of dealing with them in the future. Meanwhile, however, it is our strong feeling that our legislative representatives should be made aware of the need for an effective weed control program by the state on Greenwood Lake. Present treatment by the Department of Environmental Protection is woefully inadequate as it suffers from the lack of funds to do a proper job. Hen. Mayor and Members of the West Milford Township Council June 19, 1972 Page 2

The Committee respectfully seeks your help in this effort and strongly urges you to support the amendment of the afore mentioned bills by appropriate action. By copy of this letter, the Committee also requests the Township Health Officer and Environ mental Commission to take similar action. For the Committee, I remain You/{«: l.A~~ Ja es P. Doody C irman r JPD:bal cc: Mr. Kenneth Hawkswell, Health Officer Chairperson, Environmental Commission Mr. John T. Terry, Township Manager TOWN HAL.L

t480 UNION VALLEY ROAD WEST MILFORD, NEW .JERSEY 07480 TaL.a,."o""' 1 """A coo• 201 l 728·7000

July 13, 1978

To: New Jersey State Senator - 15th District Wayne Dumont, Jr. New Jersey Assemblyman - 15th District Robert E. Littell Donald J. Albanese Re: Resolution Requesting Amendments To T\'IO Appropriation Bills Before The New Jersey Legislature Concerning Weed Control On State Lakes Honorable Legislators: I herewith transmit a copy of the above resolution requesting that Assembly bill A 358 introduced by Assemblyman Karl Weidel; and Senate bill S-1150 intro duced by Senator Wayne Dumont, Jr. be amended to include Greenwood Lake for weed control purposes and which would raise the total appropriations by $50,000 and $25,000 respectively, was adopted by the Township Council of the Township of West Milford, County of Passaic at their Council Meeting held July 5, 1978.

Very truly yours~

Kevin~·£~ J. Byrnes Acting T wnship Clerk KJB: ik encl. copy: Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee ~

'+-I 12.0 w.c . ---. ~--. :~ .. ·.. - .· _:. ;;::-::-·- -~-~-~..._~~~---_.... ___,.,._'""'-11!1!(\~--~--"""==' cv-~~~ --- ·-··--· _.. ___ ---·------~-~--~-~~ -~· ______

RESOLUTION REQUESTING AMENDMENTS TO TWO APPROPRIATION BILLS BEFORE THE NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE CONCERNING WEED CONTROL ON STATE LAKES

WHEREAS~ tbere has been introduced into the New,Jersey Legislature two {2) bills conerning weed control on state lakes; and WHEREAS. Assembly Bill A358. introduced by Assemblyman Karl Weidel; and Senate Bill S 1150. introduced by Senator Wayne Dumont Jr •• appropriates funds for weed control on state lakes; and

WHEREAS. the Greenwood Lake Adviso~y Committee seeks an amendment to these bills which would include Greenwood Lake for weed control purposes and which would raise the total appro pritations by $50.000.00 and $25.000.00 respectively; and WHEREAS, the Township Council concurs with the Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee that the problem of weed growth in Greenwood Lake is an ever-increasing nuisance which hinders the recreational enjoyment or the Lake and threatens the very life of the Lake itself; NOW. THEREFORE. BE IT RESOLVED. that the Township Council

of West Milford~ County of Passaic~ hereby supports the proposed amendments to Assembly Bill A358, and Senate Bill S 1150. and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that a copy of this resolution be forwarded to the elected legislators within the 15th Legislative District. Introduced: July 5, 1978 Approved: July · 5, 1978 ARTHUR P. MILDNER (L.S.) ARTHUR P. MILDNER, MAYOR ATTEST:KEVIN J. BYRNES (L.S.) ACTING TOWNSHIP CLERK I HEREBY CERTIFY the above to be a true copy of a resolution adopted by the Township Council of the Township of West Milford, N.J. at a Regular Meeting held July _. ·, 1978.

Kevin J. Byrnes Acting Township Clerk

./ 1n

SENATE, No. 1274

STATE OF NEW JERSEY

IN'TRODrf'ED .rtT.. Y ~7, 1!178

Rl•t't•JTt•d to Connuittt•t> 011 lh>n•nuP, J<'inan<'t' and .:\pproprintions

A St:PPLEMF.::\T to ''An act making- npproprintions for tlw support

of tlw Stntt• Oon•J'lllllrnt and tlw ~t'\·ernl pnhlic pu rpost•s for t llt• fiscal y<'a r ending June 30, 1979 and regulating the tli~ hu r~Pnwn t thereof," approYed .June 30, 1~78 (P. L. 1978, r. 60).

1 BE IT F.NACTF.I> by the Senate and Gf'naal .Asscmbl,11 of the ,'-,'taft· 2 of New Jersey:

1 1. Tltcrt• i:-~ ll<'r<·by approprintt•d from th<' GrrH•rnl Trt·n~nr~· to 2 the Department of Em·ironmental Protection for weed rontrol :~ pnrpo~es in Greenwood lake in \\?C'~t l\filford towu~hip, Xrw .J<'ri'C'Y

4 t]H• SUill of $75,000.00. 1 2. This act shall take effect immediately.

STATEMEXT

Appropriatt~s $73,000.00 for weed control for Grt><'ll\\'ood lah. 12-2

April 7, 1976

Mr. John Spagnoli Room 528 50 Wolf Road Albany, New York 12233 Dear Mr. Spagnoli: We are currently in the process of developing our annual aquatic vegetation control program and, as usual, Greenwood Lake is among those being considered for herbicidal treatment. The attached map of the New Jersey section of the lake shows the areas for which treatment has been recommended. Diquot is the herbicide recommended for use at 2.0 gallons per acre with an active ingredient concentration objective of 0.35 ppm on all areas except the northeasterly one closest to the state boundary. Potassium endothal at a concentration of up to 2. 5 ppm is recommended for this exception because one of the target species, Potamagoten amplifolius, cannot be controlled with diquot. Concentration objectives are based upon manufacturer's recommendations.

We would appreciate, by April 30, a letter of concurrence with the proposed treatment or specific reasons if you consider it necessary to object. Our program is scheduled to begin in early May. For technical details of the proposal, please contract our biologist in charge of the program, Mr. Frank Bolton at our Bureau of Fisheries Laboratory, Lebanon, New Jersey 08833, (201-236-2313). Very truly yours,

A. Bruce Pyle Chief, Bureau of Fisheries 1 ., 12)_ r . ' - ' ;; _, ~- --:'-..,. <:__-;;-- - z;. -... -

~ew York State Department of Environmental Conservation iOWolf Road, Albany, New Yo~t.ta!~'t.~&.Gt>.~t • · '' '~ r \S. ')\'nSI')~ , ~~ ''ll Q \ s ~1 f\?\\ u Peter A. A. Serle, Commissioner

April 11, 1978

Mr. A. Bruce Pyle Chief, Bureau of Fisheries ~partment of Environmental Protection P.O. Box 1809 Trenton, New Jersey 08625

Dear Mr. Pyle:

Thank you for sendinsus information regarding your planned treatment of Greenwood Lake with herbicides in 1978 for aquatic vegetation control. ~ cannot ive a letter of concurrence because we do not agree that aquatic vegetation control is an appropriate s eries management activity except ~rare situations.

We have no ob ection to the treatments as ro osed since the losest tteatment to the state 1ne ap ears to be at least 800 feet. do not mt~~a~~a=n;y~1m~p;a;c~~o~n~t~e~N~e~w~Y~o~r~k~p~o~r~t~i~o~n~o~f~G~r~e~e~n~w~o~o~d~L~a~k~e~as a result of your proposed treatments in 1978.

I am enclosing a copy of Circular 866 which gives the standards for issuance of permits for the use of chemicals for aquatic vegetation control in New York State.

Sincerely, "1?.,U t(f.C'~- ~~;~B. Colson Supervising Aquatic Biologist

cc: F. Slater R. J. Malkiewicz

\ \ ------·--·------124 .. . ' .• ' ' , ...... ;-. ·:'lr.-; - /-·

STATE OF NEW YORK MEREDITH H. THOMPSON, C. ENG. . . ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH :iRAHAM, M.O. BUREAU OF lSI ON I!: A • PUBLIC WATER Slll'f'L\ DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING JOHN C. OUMSTEAll, P.t.. DIRECTOR 845 CENTRAL AVENUE ALBANY, N.Y. 12206 April 9, 1975

Mr. W.S. Murawski Principal Fisheries Biologist New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Division of Fisheries Lab Lenanon, New Jersey 08833 RE: Proposed Pesticide Treatment in the New Jersey Half of Greenwood Lake Dear Mr. Murawski: We have received and reviewed your agency's 1975 proposal as outlined in your letter of March 24. It seems that SQ~e of the concerns expressed by memorandum dated April 11, 1974 (copy attached) may not have been adequately explored. Your letter states that "To our knowledge there are no known flON characteristics of Greenwood Lake ••• '' This Is precisely our concern. How can one plan to apply chemical pesticides to a lake having unknown water currents with public drinking water Intakes only 1500 1 away? Is dye testing planned to determine the unknown currents? Your proposal makes no mention of such testing. Obviously, without knowing the currents, our agency cannot recommend a safe distance between pesticide application and drinking water intake; a question you raise. In lieu of dye testing, a chemical sampling program would have to be designed to monitor the post~treatment chemical advance. This program would involve: 1. A laboratory that can analyze for the proposed chemicals within a short (one day) turnaround time, 2. the consent of the Orange County, New York,Health Department, 3. the consent of tl,e nearby water trootmcnl pl(mt personnel most directly affected (see attached memorandum), 4. provisions for stand-by water, of acceptable quality, to be used if the sampling program mentioned above shows chemicals are going to arrive at the Intakes. Mr. W.S. Murawski -2- April 9, 1975

Wa again reiterate our position of April 11, 1974. We cannot endorse the concept of this proposal without additional information.

We request that you consider the safety of the public water supplies in such close proximity to your proposed treatment area (area 1) using Greenwood Lake as their source by making an effort to answer the questions we raise. The remaining treatment areas included in your proposal, areas 2 and 3 are shown as being located near the outlet of the 6ake and therefore do not appear to present a potential influence for the intakes in New York State. We, therefore, have no objection to the treatment of areas 2 and 3.

Please inform this office if further implementation of the pesticide treatment is planned. l ry trujY yours, Attachments ·~tL {c.a aut t._.. To:n Reamon Water Supply Plant Operations Section

.. April 11, 1974

Hr. Frommer • Director, Bureau of Pesticide Control, 50 Wolf Road

Mr. Tom Reamon • Wat~r lupply Plant Operntiont Section, Bur~u ot Public Water 8uppl7 Propoe~d New Jere~y Weed Control Program in Green*ood Lake

We are in receipt of thh proposal which wae tent to ua from yotJr office on April S, 1974. ~111 lake liea hnlf within New York State (Orange County) and half in the Stale of New Jer~ey. Normal review procedures have been followed to evaluate the potential effect that New Jersey'• propoted aquatic weed control program would have on drinking water auppliel tn New York State having intake• tn Greenwood Lake. It appear•, •• a reault of th1t revl.w, that aeveral eatenttal facte may have been overlooked. The Orange County Health Department waa contacted and they have pinpointed the four water aupply intakea in cloeaat proximity to the propoeed treatment area. These are:.

~ LOCATION TllEA 'IMENT 1. Cestle aeataurant 700 ft. north of State Cl2 Border, east thore

2. lhrhardt Property lSOO ft. north of ltate Clt & preuure (2 intake•) Border, aaat ahore fl tration

rure11t r•rk w.. ter lROO ft. north of State cti & pnuurl '· Altoclallon norder, •••t thor• fl trativn

In addition to these, the Village of Greenwood Lake draws ita drinkinl water from the north end of the lake. In addition, the entire western ahoreline 11 punctuated with eottasea •• tome of which may draw lake wateT for potable purposes. Althoueh there it no chemical to be applied directly to water lyina within the boundariet of New York State, the propoaed 58+ acre treatment area (in New Jersey) extendt to a point only 800' (by acale) south of the ~cw York State border. Thia meant th\t water treated with Diquat or Potataium lndothol (aoma 500 a•llona) would be only 1500' awa7 from the ftaarllt drlnktna vatll' lnt&ke• . . 121 •

-2·

~tAt con~iderntion has b~en given to these intakes in view of the fact thnt both proposed herbicides (Diquat and Potnssium Endothol) hnve eubstantiql non-use restrictions iTTiposed with their u~ia? Is a ssrnpling program contemplated to monitor post-treatment chemical advance? llave these drinkin3 water supplies been informed of this proposal? If ao, what ere their feelinss? What are the flow characteristics in Greenwood Lake near the treatment area • other than the fact that the entire lake, eventually, drain• into New Jersey?

In view of the fact that th• lowa of hydraulics operate without respect to a tate property linea, we recomnend further extensive evaluation into areaa dealing with the potential for human ingestion of thia treated water.

We cannot endorse the concept of thil proposal without additional information. An attempt ahould be mad• to avoid a repeat of problema encountered in 1969 when many of theae important question• w.nt unanauerad.

cc 1 Orange County Health Department White Plains lea1ona1 Office Mr. Syrotynakl Mr. Bumstead Mr. lleamoa Mr. lpaanoll

• . . 128 F'-'

• ..

......

[ KEY

1. Myriophyllum spicatum 2. Potomogeton robinsii 3. Potomogeton omplifolius 4. Vollisneria sp. s. Cerotophy ltum demersom 6. Cobomba .caroliniona 1. Nuphar sp. A Abundant ~ Treated in 1977 [] Recommended for treatment in 1978

GREENWOOD LAKE HEW JERSEY PORTtON 983 ACRES 1' MEAH OE?TH 62.1' ELEVATlON

SCAI.L IN FEET

lLl- 129

GREENWOOD LA~E SURVEY

·Use groups of boats. Section off shore line. ·Use seasonal approach. Ride area and observe problems. Ride area and water sample. Use dye testing on suspect,

~lork rapidly - pipes disappear very quickly. Use water sample to isolate areas. Some houses could be obvious offenders. ·Get official approval for write-ups.

4-4 130

TOWN HALL

1480 UNION VALLEY ROAD

WEST MILFORD, NEW JERSEY 07480

TEI.EPHONE' (AREA CODE 201 ) 728-3731

October 27, 1978

Mr. Robert Burrows 13 South Road Hewitt, NJ 07421 Re: Greenwood Lake Survey for Illegal Discharges Dear Bob: I recommend that such a project be well planned. The use of volunteers to supplement our staff would be necessary. The survey will have to occur during the summer. The following activities should be undertaken: 1. Volunteers should have appropriate identification and authorization. They should be adequately supervised. 2. Boats should survey the shoreline in sections. The unannounced visual observation should be directed at pipes and discharges. 3. Water samples should be taken from all questionable locations and analyzed for coliform and fecal coliform bacteria. 4. Dye tests should be run if it is necessary to find or confirm the source. Work rapidly as pipes may disappear quickly. 5. Violators should be contacted and all conversations documented. Abate ment notices should be sent to those not complying with verbal requests. Summonses should be given to those not complying with abatement notices. Yours truly, ~~ Kenneth R. Hawkswell Director of Health~ KRH/mw 13~ 3Pa.s.sak (.o-u1."tlg~ ~blic ]'~:O'~".sin_g ~ct1£]'_ . . PAsSAIC CouNTY ADMINISTRATION BuiLDING Equal IJouai~W . . O'.,puri•.an~y-

. 317 PENNSYLVANIA-AVENUE. . . . f Coordinator PATERSON~ New JERSEY 07503 Telephone: Lam H. Hicks .(201) 525-50 Ext. 591 HOME IMPROVEMENT LOAN APPLICATION • No.: _____

DATE OF INTERVIEW: ______ADViSOR______

FAMILY INFORMATION

Name: Address:

Telephone No. :

Total number in family:

HOUSING INFORMATION

Number of Dwellings: ___,..;.;..=;...;-;;.;.·-~ Number yac~~~------ Number Occupied: Monthly Rental Income: ;;:..$------Assessed Value: Taxes: $

Mortgage Bank:

Mortga~e Remaining: Monthly Mortgage Payment: $ • ~------132 -I - 2 -

COME lNFORMA TION . ...

:c:upation

~nual Income $ ~------~- 1rom last year~ s W-2 form}

·------

ROPOSED REPAIRS/HOME ... IMPROVEMENTS

.•.

otal Estimated Amount R~quired ~$______~------

Signature of Applicant =------· 13J

CHAPTER THREE

RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter contains the conclusion and recommendations of the Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee concerning the weed growth problem in Greenwood Lake. Chapter 3 Recommendations 135 Statement by_Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee 136 Short Term Solutions 138 Ongoing Solutions 140 Long-"Term Solutions 142 Solutions not recommended 143 Funding Strategies 135

INTRODUCTION

The Greenwood Lake Advisory Committee, having studied the weed problem in Greenwood Lake for the past several months, hereby offers in this chapter its conclusion and recommendations. During the study, as can be noted in the preceding chapters, the Committee has attempted to touch upon all areas of the problem. From this information, a most solid conclusion is

plainly evident GREErWCOD LAKE HAS A l.fEED PROBLEM MD TPE PROBLEM MUST BE DEALT WITH N0W, FOT IN FIVE OR TEr YEARS. It is noteworthy to point out that not only did our research indicate a severe weed problem, but also 76% of the people surveyed by the Committee cited weeds in Greenwood Lake as the NUMBER ONE problem facing the Lake today. The Committee's recommendations contained on the following pages attempt to best cure the problem with the most logical and feasible methods available today. In this chapter the Committee will make recommendations to show how, why and where to elicit funds to accomplish the task of effective weed control. Weed reduction and control are part of our recommendation; another part of our recommendation is that of root and nutrient deposit removal. Again, the Committee will point to causes and to solutions not only for removal, ,but also for stoppage of extensive weed return. The Committee has divided its recommendations into three schedules as follows: (1) a short-term solution designed to put a stop to

yearly growth of weeds;

(2) ongoing solutions for the next two or three years

designed to eliminate further root growth and

buildup of silt, incorporating programs for

weed control; and

(3) a long-term maintenance program to prevent.

reoccurrence of uncontrolled weed growth and

elimination or control of nutrient sources.

SHORT-TERM SOLUTION

Recommendation~ THE COMMITTEE RECOMMENDS LOWERING THE LEVEL OF GREENWOOD LAKE IN LATE FALL, ALLOWU:G THE WEEDS TO BE EXPOSED TO FREEZE AND/OR FROST.

The reason the Committee chose lowering the Lake as the primary short-term solution is quite simple: Weed kill by winter freeze could be accomplished without spending large amounts of money. As a matter of fact, n2 ~ to the Township would be involved. Also, during this same period of time, some percentage of clean-up work could be voluntarily accomplished by lakefront property owners.

According to minutes of the Morris Canal and Banking Company,

Greenwood Lake could be lowered six to seven feet with permission.

The Committee, however, does not recommend lowering the Lake to such an extent, but rather recommends a lowering of the Lake level only to a maximum of upto two or three feet. Prior to lowering, written permission would be obtained from the following entities having jurisdiction over Greenwood Lake: 1. Municipal approvals:

Mayor and Township Council of ~vest Milford, I'~J Supervisor and Town Board of Warwick, NY Mayor and Trustees of Greenwood Lake Village, I'7Y 2. County approvals: Passaic County Department of Health Passaic Valley Water Commission Orange County Department of Health 3. State aporovals: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Kew Jersey Division of Parks and Forests New Jersey Water Commission t

~ew York Department of Environmental Conservation New York Department of Health, Division of Sanitary Engineering, Bureau of Public \-later Supply New York Office of the Governor 4. Other approvals: Morris Canal and Banking Company United States Geological Survey United States Environmental Protection Agency

Naturally, sufficient public notification via news media and official notices would be given in order that those who live by the Lake, and those who use the Lake would be apprised of the program. Incorporated in the news releases and official notices would be necessary information regarding the Township's - 138

dock and pier ordinance. That ordinance reads in pertinent part as follows: "The following technical requirements shall apply to all waterfront developments: ••• No dredging, filling or structures shall be permitted except by permission of the NJ Department of Environmental Protection and/or the US Army Corps of Engineers." Effective dat•: May 24, 1977. (See Dock and Pier Ordinance in Chapter 3, page 146 of the Report and construction permit procedures in Appendix B)

During the time the Lake is low, the following work could be accomplished by individuals living along the Lake, if they so desire and once necessary permit approvals have been obtained: 1. repair of docks, bulkheads, swim areas, etc. 2. removal of rocks, stumps, debris, etc. 3. inspection of properties to discover septic outflow.

Timetable& The Committee recommends that lowering of the

Lake should commence on the first of ~ovember, and the specified draw-down level should be maintained until the first of March.

ONGOING SOLUTiot'S I. Dredging THE COMMITTEE RECOMMENDS DREDGil'"G AREAS OF GREENWOOD LAKE WHERE NUTRIENT BUILD-UP HAS DEVELOPED, ACCuRDU:G TO ENGU~EERING STUDIES AND RECOMMENDATIOf·-S, li\TO A SEVERE PROBLEM.

Two possible methods studied by the Committee are: 132

A. Hydraulic dredging using a "Mud Cat" type dredge. This type dredge is normally small and easy to manage. The material dredged may hold some commercial value and may, therefore, allow an opportunity to reclaim some of the money spent on this project.

B. Large non-hydraulic dredgi~ and/or construction equipment to remove stumps and other large obstructions from navigational areas of Greenwood Lake. This type of equipment could also remove the remainder of the floating islands which rise during summer months in various areas. This type of dredging would be accomplished by either contracting with private dredging companies who perform this work on other lakes or by applying to the US Army Corps of Engineers for specific designation of parts of Greenwood Lake, i.e., Belcher's Creek, as a "navigation project", thus enabling the Corps to dredge the Lake. NOTE: Both dredges could operate without lowering the Lake level for an extended time. Before starting a dredging operation, permits would be obtained from the US Army Corps of Engineers, US Environmental Protection Agency, New York and l':ew Jersey environmental agencies, as well as local authorities.

II. Chemical Control THE COMMITTEE RECCHXENDS MAINTAINING THE PRESENT CHEMICAL TREA'I'}fENT CF GREEN'i-lOOD LAKE, Gt-.LY AS REQUIRED TO AID IN THE OVERALL EFFECTIVENESS CF OTHER PROJECTS l:NITIATED. It is hoped that funding for chemical treatment would be forthcoming from the appropriation contained in Senator Wayne

Dumont's bill that deals with weed control on Greenwood Lake specifically.

LONG-TERM SOLUTIONS

The Committee recommends the implementation of the follow ing long-term solutions:

I. Elimination of the ~utrient Source

A. A monitoring program for septic discharges as described

by Mr. Kenneth Hawkswell, Township Health Officer, is

most necessary. (See Chapter 2, pages129-130 of this Report)

B. It is also most necessary for the Township Health

Department to begin a system of monitoring the main

streams that flow into Greenwood Lake and Belcher's Creek

as well.

c. Recommendations should be made to the Greenwood Lake Beautification and Improvement Committee, established in

1978 as a joint venture between West Milford, NJ and

Warwick/Greenwood Lake, NY, to discuss and develop a

plan to include the r~ew York East and West arms of the

Lake in a similar monitoring system.

D. A study of possible restrictions on lawn fertilizers

in the watershed area of Greenwood Lake needs to be

engaged. 14J

s. An in-depth study and action by the Township Municipal Utilities Authority on sewers to move the effluent

away from Greenwood Lake should be instituted.

II. Lake Management Program

A. Periodic dredging of silt concentration.

B. Close adherance to existing laws regarding development

on and around Greenwood Lake.

C. Development of a schedule for periodic Lake lowerings.

D. Limited preventive chemical program for weed control

or clarification of the water.

E. Continuous monitoring along Belcher's Creek by the

Township Department of Health.

Ill. Development of buffer zones and the construction of a

contained catch basin along Belcher's Creek to be

routinely tested and cleaned before water enters Greenwood

Lake. (See sample catch basin in Chapter 3, page 156of this

Report)

IV. Appointment of a Standing Committee authorized by the Township

Council to continue research and recommendations concerning

Greenwood Lake and to oversee a lake management program. SOLUTior,:s FOT RECC~!1-fE!-.DED

The Committee has discussed and specifically rejected as unfeasible for the reasons given the following proposed solutions for solving the weed control problem on Greenwood

Lake:

1. Long-term draw down of Greenwood Lake.

This would have an overall adverse effect on

water supply, recreation, aesthetic value, etc.

2. Soil mining.

This would be too expensive, dangerous to the

Lake bottom and could involve destruction of

marine life.

3. Weed-eating carp. This was never seriously discussed as a possible

solution because of possible dietary changes,

extensive growth pattern and potential danger

to other forms of marine life in the Lake. 14~

FUNDI!

Early in its investigation the Committee determined

that it would take a substantial expenditure of money to do

an effective job of controlling weeds in Greenwood Lake. The

question that was constantly on the minds of the Committee's members as we drafted our recommendations was ~ would pay

for the program eventually to be adopted in cleaning up

Greenwood Lake's weed problem.

Federal/State Clean Lakes Pro&ram

The Committee is pleased to report that it believes it has found the answer to this all-important question. Section

314 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (PL 92-500) is called the "Clean Lakes Act". This act makes federal monies available to localities on a matching fund basis for just such a program as is envisioned for Greenwood Lake under the Committee's recommendations.

While the matching ratio is currently 50% federal and

50% state, certain amendments are soon to be implemented which would allow the federal share to increase to 60%. In addition, if Greenwood Lake is approved for funding under the Clean Lakes program, the early stage or diagnostic study of the Lake could be paid for on a 70% federal 30% state matching fund basis. The Committee in the past several months has been in

close contact with the State Department of Environmental

Protection and the official in Trenton who is responsible

for administering the Clean Lakes Act in ~ew Jersey, Mr.

Robert Kotch. The Committee has alerted his office as well

as others to the extent of the weed problem on Greenwood Lake

and concerning the serious and determined attitude of the

public around Greenwood Lake who want decisive action taken

now.

We are indeed encouraged that Mr. Kotch and the other

environmental authorities having jurisdiction over the Lake

have promised their fullest cooperation in securing the

necessary funds to do the job under the Clean Lakes program.

If federal funding is approved for Greenwood Lake, !''ew Jersey's

share would be forthcoming from monies currently in the

Green Acres program.

Accordingly, the Committee has purposefully structured

the form and content of the Report so as to enable it to be

the "preapplication" necessary under the Clean Lakes Act to

obtain the required funding, thereby demonstrating the important

decisions which we believe must be made as to the overall

direction of the restoration of Greenwood Lake.

State Appropriation

As is pointed out elsewhere in the Report, the State of

New Jersey allots a certain minimum amount of money each year for chemical weed control on Greenwood Lake. In recent years that expenditure has not exceded $6,000. This coming year, however, through the Committee's efforts and those of concerned residents around the Lake, Senator Wayne Dumont has introduced a bill in the State legislature which, if passed, would appropriate $50-75,000 for chemical weed control on Greenwood

Lake alone. As this Report is being printed, that bill is about to be reported out of committee and to the floor for a vote. Senator Dumont believes the bill's chances of passage to be very good.

Local Funding

At the present time there is no funding for weed control purposes on Greenwood Lake in the Township of West Milford's budget. The same is true in West Milford's sister municipalities on the I'."ew York side of the Lake, viz, the Town of Warwick and the Village of Greenwood Lake. In 1978 Greenwood Lake Village funded a concentrated chemical weed control program with local revenue which was approved in a special referendum.

Although the Committee has been made aware of several offers by private individuals and groups and organizations on the Lake to contribute money for weed control in their respective areas, the Committee, while recognizing their good intentions, advises. against such involvement by the private sector as premature given the other more promising sources of funds discussed above. ..

ORDIN~~CE NO. 1977-8 PAGE 1

All ORDI!!Ar!CE TO .AHEl!D THE ZO:IH!G ORDit!AilCE Ill THE TOHNSHIP OF viEST ll!L."'ORD, COU~!T" OF' PASSAIC, rTF.:H JERSEY TO PRO"HDE FOR THE REGULATION OF DOCY.S, PIERS, BOATI!OUSE:1 Al!D ~!A.n!i!AS 011 G!'\EEiTFOOD LA:CS

BE IT ORDAINED by the Hayer and Council of the Toomship of ~-!est f~ilford,

County of Passaic, Iiev Jersey that the Zoninp: Ordinance of the To}mship of '\-lest

_~-lilford, !lev Jersey, Revision 1972, be and the sa.'1e is hereb;r 3.I'lended and supplemented

as follovs:

SECTiorr 1 Chapter 18-30 - Exceptions and Hodifications is hereby supplemented

by addin~ thereto and inserting therein the folloving para~raph to be knovn as

ParaF.raph 18-30.9.

18-30.9 PROVIi>IONS FOR THE REGULATIO!I OF DOCY'.S, * PIERS, BOATHOUSES A!ID I!ARI!TAS 011 GREE!fi-!OOD LAKE

In viev of the need to insure safe and unobstructed novenent of vater traffic

as well as the most appropriate utilization of water resources and onen space on

Greenvood Lake, the following provisions shall app~ to docks, piers, boathouses

and marinas.

* NOTE: The Purpose Section (18-2) of the Zoninr. Ordinance shall be

amended to read: This Chapter is intended to re~ate the

use of land •••• limit conp,estion in the street, control

vater oriented activities, protec~ a~ainst hazards ••••

l!ev definitions to be added to 18-4 are listed as follovs:

Def"initions:

"Boat" means any vessel or ;.ratercraft, other than a seaplane on the ~•ater,

used or capable of beinp; used as a neans of transnortation on •,rater;

"Boathouse" cleans an:t enclosed structure extendinp; into or oYer the ·.rater

of r.reenwood Lake used for the sole purr-ose of storin~ and ~oorin~ boats and r~ating

ecuipl'!ent;

"Bulkhead line" means on Greenwood Lake, the shoreline occurrinp; at the

ti;-,~ the lclr>:h wat~r ~n.rf: of 10.25 feet O!'l th!> p:au>';e lo.::-ated

lines are established b;r the Bureau o'f Havigat.ion, :'tate Denartr.ent of F:nvi.ror~ental ' -Pro teet i.on, defini!"lr; the Lnke'::; pe!""r.D..rh~nt :3P0rcline.

11 Docl: " :-:ea.n:; !'.ny flotation and non-flotation, per:::a."!ent or tc:-:norl'.r;.-

stn:cture ente:1din~>: lo.ke~.;.ard of the bulkhead line;

"Cntwal1-:" r:c:1.:1s ti:at part of a dod: exten·.li!!;:: t:-nversel;r fro"! t!~e r.'tin' •,ral?:; ORDIN.~"'CE NO. 1977-8 .. PAGE -2- /

"l!ain \Talk" r.:ea:1s that part of a dock extendinil; into the La.Y.e fro~ the :::;ho!"eline;

''llarina" neans any public, semi-public or private :'"acilit;v capable of' hcrthin~ or noorinp, five (5) or nore boats;

or other structure may be affixed;

"Pierhead line" means a line runninp; parallel Yith the bulk':ead line and extendin~ lakeYard not more than fifty (50) feet from said bulkhead line and ~~til such ti.I!Ie as established by the natural Resources Council and Bureau of Nav:!.p:ation,

State Department of Enviro~ental Protection, beyond Yhich no dock, pier, boathouse of marina or O·ther structure, per::~anent or temporary, floatinp; or affixed to shore or water bottom, na:r be located;

"Shoreline" means Yhere land and Yater meet.

"Water lot area" means that area of Yater surface bounded by bulkhead line, the pierhead line and the side lot lines extended to the pierhead line Yhich would extend for the purpose of this definition only, the side lot lines of those lots havinY, water frontap,e from the bulkhead line to the pierhead line.

18-30.9a GEi!F::RAL REOU!REHENTS APPLICABLE TO ALL DOCY.S, PIERS, PJJJ\THOUSES AHD HARI!lA.S:

(1) No dock, pier, boathouse or marina shall be constructed, enlarr:ed or extended unless and until the mmer and/or lessee secures from the Buildinl"

Inspector, a buildinp, nernit as provided under Section 900 thereof. llor.1al maintenance and repair and seasonal replacenent of nre-existinP- structures shall not reouire a buildinp, nernit.

(2) Ha.rina Site Plan: Prior to the issuance of a building permit for a narina, the Planning Board shall review and approve a site plan showin~ those items required in Section 18-21 plus a water lot site plan vhich r.ha.ll inclune a ;rater traff: circulation plan.

(3) Permit applications for a marina shall be referred to the Division of l'.arine Services for any co~~ents and sug~estions as part of the site plan reviev.

(4) Ho dock, pier, boathouse or r.1arina shall extend into r.reenwood Lake

C.z::ron1 the -pierhead line or ~.ore than fifteen per cent (1.);·:) of ti·.~ vi

Green'.lood Lake neasured on a line perpendicular to the clor.est ::>pposite shore,

Yhic!'le~'er is less; except that in the case of o. pror,osed extensio:1 or enlnrro:er.~ent or

a nre-e:dstinr: r,!!.rinn., the outer linit of :::;uch extension or enlarr:e>':lent shall be in tho

len~th of the lon~est dock or r.1~in walk existin~ at such r.~rina at the ti~e of the ado·

ion of this Ordinance. - .... _____-.,·,w..- ..' ... -~.r,;.- ..:·-.. · .. ~.. -... ·..,, .. -~&lilit;a"""'~- ~-~,~;y~·-~;;,~-~=~·~em~Y~a~=~--~·-~;;-,~,·, ... -~· ~--~·-~-· ~- ;,.~·..... -•....;._..;.;....;;..;._._ ...... ;;~-.;;···;.;· ·;..·.~, ·i:,;·-;;.;,;,··._.;..: 14& ORDINANCE NO. 1977-8 PAGE -3-

(5) For the purpose of dete~inin~ the exterior limits of piers, docks,

boathouses and main walks, any structure (including any tY?e of anchors or pilin~s

placed or driven independently of the main structure) used for the moorin~ of bo~ts

of the securin~ of the main structure, shall be considered to be part of the nier,

dock, boathouse or main walk.

(6) The deck of any non-flotation dock, catwalk or ~Ain walk and top of any

pier shall not be less than 14" from the hip;hwater mark of 10.25 on the F:Uap,e at the

Awosting dam.

{7) It shall be the responsibility of the ovner and/or lessee of a dock,

pier, boathouse or marina to provide for the proper sunervision of such facility and

to maintain such facility in a good condition, free of litter or refuse, so as not to

· be offensive to surrounding lot owners or the general public. If such facility is in

danger of becoming a hazard to residents, visitors, swimners or boats, or could

. adversely affect navigation by reason of structural members extending or floatin~ into

Gree~~od Lake, then the Building inspector shall notify and require the owner and/or

lessee to undertake repairs.

(8) !Tothing in this paragraph shall be construed to trn.ive the ,1urisdiction

or r~edies of the Zoning Board of Adjustment, where apnlicable, and additionally,

any dock, pier, boathouse or marina proposed to be extended beyond the pierhead line

or beyond fifteen per cent (15%) of the width of Greenwood Lake shall be approved by

the State Department of Enviror~ental Protection. Any owner and/or lessee shall also

be advised that approval from the U.S. A~v Corns or En~ineers must be secure1.

18-30.9b DF:'.J'ELOPME!lT COUTROLS FOR PRIVATE PIERS Al'ID DOCKS:

no pier or dock shall be constructed, enlar~ed or extended and no building

permit shall be issued therefor except in compliance with the following recuirements:

(l) Private piers and docks shall be pe~itted in all zonin~ districts

where lots have water frontage.

(2) l!o pier or dock sr.a.ll be located within ten (10) feet of the side lot lir

(3) Ilo combination of piers, docks and boathouses shall occu}ly more than

fi ft:.• r•er cent (50%) of the vater lot area '1-ri thin t~e pierhe~.tl, line.

(4J Ho pier, dock or l'lai:·n·Tal.k sha.ll haYe a ~rid!:h ,.,;' le:;R tr~-J.n ~O'..l!" (h) f'eet,

e:~clu:;ive of -pilinp::; or other structural r.tenbers.

( 5) '!'here ::;hnll not be r.ore than one (l) docl<, nicr or 1111-in~r~D: for" each

100 feet o~ frontaP.e.

(6) lio dock, pier or l".P..ir.wa.lk ::;hnll nrovide neZ":'!Innent Moorinl'!; facilities for PAGE -4-

(7} In cases vhe::-e docks o::- piers are co•1ered wit:, other than canvas-t;rpe

18-30. 9c DF:.!F:LO?'!E!!T CO:!T?.OLS FO:l 30A~F.O!ISES:

ib boathouse shall be constructed, enlar~ed or extended ~~d no buildin~

(1) P..o~tthouses shall be nernitt.,d in all zones vhere lot" ha'"./e water frontl

(2) r~ boathouse ~hall be located closer to the side lot. line than the

Zoning Ordinance permits for an accessory building.

(3) Any combination of piers, docks and boathouses s~~ll not occupy more than tventy percent (20%) of the vater lot area vithin the pierhead line. In no case shall a boathouse alone exceed fifteen per cent (15%) of the water lot area vithin the pierhead line.

(4) There shall not be more than one (1) boathouse for each water lot.

(5) Boathouses sr~ll be located over the vater and shall abut the shoreline of the watervay.

(6) Ingress and egress for boats shall be perpendicular to the shoreline.

(7) There shall be no living or sleepin~ accommodations, nor cookin?, or toilet facilities provided in any boathouse.

18-30. 9d DE"lF.L0?1l:-:ilT cm:'!'ROLS FOR I~RI!!AS:

ITo Marina shall be constructed, enlarged or extended and no buildinv, permit shall be issued ther-efor except in conpliance vith the following reauirements:

(1) llarinas shall be permitted only in those zoning districts wherein said use is a permitted use provided, however, that no marina shall be located vi thin hro hundred ( 200) feet of a. public or private beach or swirJ!!inp: area.

(2) lie dock, pier or nainwalk constitutir..g part of a narina shall be located within sixteen (16) feet of a side lot line, nor shall a pier, dock or -rr.aimralk within

a marina be located closer than thirty (30) feet fro:1 a nrivate, pier, dock or mainwa.lk.

(3) !lo narina shall occupy !'lOre than thirty per cent (30%) of the water lot

area within the pierhead line.

(h) t:o r:ain ~ralk::: shall be less th~.n four (4) feet in -w-idth and no catwalkl

( 5) 1:o r:ore than one maimrall: or pier or dock is permitted providinr: the

(6) Ho dock, ;>ier or nainwalk constitutinp: part of a narina uhich a1,1oins

a resj denti:ll lot n?.:r be located ;:ithin five ( 5) feet of the side lot line; ho•.rever,

no ~oorir.:>: ~ervices or other activit:~ :::h:J.ll be al:..c·,·ed on that ~ide of the doci:, pier ORDIN~~CE NO. 1977-8 PAGE -5- or ~~invalk vhich adjoins the residential lot line.

(7) In cases vhere piers, docks or ~ainvalks are covered, the ~axi~~~ hei~ht shall not exceed tvelve (12) feet above the high water mark.

18-30. 9e THE FOLLOHI!IG TECHrTICAL :rmCJUIPJ-:~.'?1:'!'3 SHALL APPL~ TO ALL HATERFROilT DF:'"ll':LO?~:;::uTf>:

No dredging, filling or structures vhich may lower, raise or affect the capacity of Greenwood Lake or the flow of vater shall be permitted except by permission of the State Department of Enviro~ental Protection and/or the u.s. Army Corus of En!';ineers.

SECTIOU 2- If any section or provision of this·Ordinance shall be held invalid in any Court, the s~~e shall not affect the other section or provision of this Ordinance, except so far as the section or provision so declared invalid shall be inseparable from the remainder or any portion thereof.

SECTION 3 - .IIJ.l ordinances or parts of ordinances vhich are inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed to the extent of such inconsistency.

SECTION 4 - This Ordinance .shall take effect im."":lediately after final passap,e publication in the manner provided by lav.

Introduced: April 20, 1977 Passed: Nay 4, 1977 Effective date: Nay 24, 1977

ATTEST: To·.mship clerk N

I II

I GREENWOOD LAKE

BASE MAP I '

CREENWOOD LAKE I

OVERLAY

AREA CIIEMl CALLY TREATED FOR WEEDS

Ll77-1978

~ AIO:A Nt ·T fll'NE DU :: TO NE'V YORK STA Tr OBJECT.:· lN ... . v '!)..; ... ·.··} ~-)I

OVERLA\' II

AREA I)F HEAVY IIJEED GROI\ITII -~---.1· ······--·- ./ N I

GREENI'JOOU LAKE

OVERLAY 1 II

AREA PROPOSED rOR DREDGING ,._. .... ( r··~·- .. ···~-·-•·····... .. ,· N __

I I

GREENWOOD LAKE

OVEHLAY lV

AREA PJ{Ol'OSEO I'OR STUMP AND FLOATfNG ISLAi'JD RE'K1/AL . Above-Components of a typical .. : }·: ...... --' concrete drop structl.l"e. S.w X~:· •· j-e of Gravel bose Typical section and bottom w..unent of the ~ass-lined channel. a ~ l ;ilfer cloth ~ubdroin system

25'

Bermuda ;rass 1 /

' ....----1--i i ~~ -·..Ji 616-1.411.4WWF

Sample Catch Basin F•'-· 3/f