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The Origin of the Peculiarities of the Vietnamese Alphabet André-Georges Haudricourt
The origin of the peculiarities of the Vietnamese alphabet André-Georges Haudricourt To cite this version: André-Georges Haudricourt. The origin of the peculiarities of the Vietnamese alphabet. Mon-Khmer Studies, 2010, 39, pp.89-104. halshs-00918824v2 HAL Id: halshs-00918824 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00918824v2 Submitted on 17 Dec 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Published in Mon-Khmer Studies 39. 89–104 (2010). The origin of the peculiarities of the Vietnamese alphabet by André-Georges Haudricourt Translated by Alexis Michaud, LACITO-CNRS, France Originally published as: L’origine des particularités de l’alphabet vietnamien, Dân Việt Nam 3:61-68, 1949. Translator’s foreword André-Georges Haudricourt’s contribution to Southeast Asian studies is internationally acknowledged, witness the Haudricourt Festschrift (Suriya, Thomas and Suwilai 1985). However, many of Haudricourt’s works are not yet available to the English-reading public. A volume of the most important papers by André-Georges Haudricourt, translated by an international team of specialists, is currently in preparation. Its aim is to share with the English- speaking academic community Haudricourt’s seminal publications, many of which address issues in Southeast Asian languages, linguistics and social anthropology. -
F(P,Q) = Ffeic(R+TQ)
674 MATHEMA TICS: N. H. McCOY PR.OC. N. A. S. ON THE FUNCTION IN QUANTUM MECHANICS WHICH CORRESPONDS TO A GIVEN FUNCTION IN CLASSICAL MECHANICS By NEAL H. MCCoy DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, SMrTH COLLEGE Communicated October 11, 1932 Let f(p,q) denote a function of the canonical variables p,q of classical mechanics. In making the transition to quantum mechanics, the variables p,q are represented by Hermitian operators P,Q which, satisfy the com- mutation rule PQ- Qp = 'y1 (1) where Y = h/2ri and 1 indicates the unit operator. From group theoretic considerations, Weyll has obtained the following general rule for carrying a function over from classical to quantum mechanics. Express f(p,q) as a Fourier integral, f(p,q) = f feiC(r+TQ) r(,r)d(rdT (2) (or in any other way as a linear combination of the functions eW(ffP+T)). Then the function F(P,Q) in quantum mechanics which corresponds to f(p,q) is given by F(P,Q)- ff ei(0P+7Q) t(cr,r)dodr. (3) It is the purpose of this note to obtain an explicit expression for F(P,Q), and although we confine our statements to the case in which f(p,q) is a polynomial, the results remain formally correct for infinite series. Any polynomial G(P,Q) may, by means of relation (1), be written in a form in which all of the Q-factors occur on the left in each term. This form of the function G(P,Q) will be denoted by GQ(P,Q). -
Control of Equilibrium Phases (M,T,S) in the Modified Aluminum Alloy
Materials Transactions, Vol. 44, No. 1 (2003) pp. 181 to 187 #2003 The Japan Institute of Metals EXPRESS REGULAR ARTICLE Control of Equilibrium Phases (M,T,S) in the Modified Aluminum Alloy 7175 for Thick Forging Applications Seong Taek Lim1;*, Il Sang Eun2 and Soo Woo Nam1 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701,Korea 2Agency for Defence Development, P.O. Box 35-5, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-600, Korea Microstructural evolutions, especially for the coarse equilibrium phases, M-, T- and S-phase, are investigated in the modified aluminum alloy 7175 during the primary processing of large ingot for thick forging applications. These phases are evolved depending on the constitutional effect, primarily the change of Zn:Mg ratio, and cooling rate following solutionizing. The formation of the S-phase (Al2CuMg) is effectively inhibited by higher Zn:Mg ratio rather than higher solutionizing temperature. The formation of M-phase (MgZn2) and T-phase (Al2Mg3Zn3)is closely related with both constitution of alloying elements and cooling rate. Slow cooling after homogenization promotes the coarse precipitation of the M- and T-phases, but becomes less effective as the Zn:Mg ratio increases. In any case, the alloy with higher Zn:Mg ratio is basically free of both T and S-phases. The stability of these phases is discussed in terms of ternary and quaternary phase diagrams. In addition, the modified alloy, Al–6Zn–2Mg–1.3%Cu, has greatly reduced quench sensitivity through homogeneous precipitation, which is uniquely applicable in 7175 thick forgings. -
Dutchess County Public Transit Route L
Route L: Main Street Shuttle Please see map on page 44 / Favor ver el mapa en la página 44 LUNES–SABADO 9 NORTH / NORTE MONDAY–SATURDAY / Ave Violet Ave EASTBOUND: Poughkeepsie to Stop & Shop or Adams Fairacre Farms / HACIA EL ESTE: Poughkeepsie a Stop & Shop or Adams Fairacre Farms Poughkeepsie Train Station DCPT Routes: A,B,C,D,E,H,J,K,L,P,PRL Map not to scale Amtrak, MTA Metro-North Mapa no a escala Dutchess County Transit Hub Interfaith DCPT Routes: A,B,C,D,E,H,J,K,L,M,P,PRL Adams Fairacre Farms & Route 44 (Arrives) POUGHKEEPSIE Washington St & Mansion St (Interfaith Towers) POUGHKEEPSIE Poughkeepsie StationTrain POUGHKEEPSIE Main St & Worrall Ave POUGHKEEPSIE Colledgeview Ave & Fairmont Ave (Vassar College) POUGHKEEPSIE Route 44 & Burnett Blvd POUGHKEEPSIE Stop Shop & (Arrives) POUGHKEEPSIE Towers County Dutchess Hub Transit (Departs) POUGHKEEPSIE Stop # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mill St 1 286 3 306 308 131 313 311 2 SEE DOWNTOWN POUGHKEEPSIE INSET ON PAGE 12 Market 6:45 6:48 6:52 7:03 7:08 7:11 — 7:15 7:15 7:18 7:22 7:33 7:38 7:41 7:44 — 3 Main St 7:45 7:48 7:52 8:03 8:08 8:11 — 8:15 1 Adams 8:15 8:18 8:22 8:33 8:38 8:41 8:44 — Fairacre 8:45 8:48 8:52 9:03 9:08 9:11 — 9:15 Ea Stop & st- Farms AM 9:15 9:18 9:22 9:33 9:38 9:41 9:44 — We s Shop 9:45 9:48 9:52 10:03 10:08 10:11 — 10:15 Mid-Hudson t A rter Bridge ial 8 10:15 10:18 10:22 10:33 10:38 10:41 10:44 — Main St Arlington 10:45 10:48 10:52 11:03 11:08 11:11 — 11:15 7 11:15 11:18 11:22 11:33 11:38 11:41 11:44 — Innis Ave 11:45 11:48 11:52 12:03 12:08 12:11 — 12:15 D E a s t- W 44 12:15 12:18 -
21Ia'b;Q'c/Ablc (C/A)(C/B).__(C)(C/Ab)
ON THE q-ANALOG OF KUMMER’$ THEOREM AND APPLICATIONS GEORGE E. ANDREWS 1. Introduction. The q-analogs for Gauss’s summation of 2Fl[a, b; c; 1] and Saalschutz’s summation of 3F2[a, b, -n; c, a b c n 1; 1] are well known, namely, E. Heine [8; p. 107, Equation (6)] showed that (1.1) 21Ia’ b;q’c/ablc (c/a)(c/b).__(c)(c/ab) where - - and (a). (a; q), (1 -a)(1 -aq) (1 -aq-a), (a) (a; q),(R) lim,. (a),. (See also [12; p. 97, Equation (3.3.2.2)].) F. H. Jackson [9; p. 145] showed that b, q-"; q, (c/a),,(c/b). (c),,(c/ab), a2ia, c, abq/cq ql The q-analog of Dixon’s summation of 3F[a, b, c; 1 a b, 1 -[- a c; 1] was more difficult to find, and indeed only a partial analog is true; namely, W. N. Bailey [5] and F. tI. Jackson [10; p. 167, Equation (2)] proved that if a where n is a positive integer, then b, c; q, qa[ bc | (b/a),(c/a)(qa)(bca-). (1.3) 34 | ba-)-(ai (a- qa) bca-1), b,c There are three other well-known summations for the .F1 series, namely, Kummer’s theorem [12; p. 243, Equation (III. 5)] r(1%a-- b) (1.4) 2F[a, b; 1 a- b;--1] r(1 Gauss’s second theorem [12; p. 243, Equation III. 6)] Received December 23, 1972. The author ws partiMly supported by NtioaM Science Foundation Grat GP-23774. -
General Probability, II: Independence and Conditional Proba- Bility
Math 408, Actuarial Statistics I A.J. Hildebrand General Probability, II: Independence and conditional proba- bility Definitions and properties 1. Independence: A and B are called independent if they satisfy the product formula P (A ∩ B) = P (A)P (B). 2. Conditional probability: The conditional probability of A given B is denoted by P (A|B) and defined by the formula P (A ∩ B) P (A|B) = , P (B) provided P (B) > 0. (If P (B) = 0, the conditional probability is not defined.) 3. Independence of complements: If A and B are independent, then so are A and B0, A0 and B, and A0 and B0. 4. Connection between independence and conditional probability: If the con- ditional probability P (A|B) is equal to the ordinary (“unconditional”) probability P (A), then A and B are independent. Conversely, if A and B are independent, then P (A|B) = P (A) (assuming P (B) > 0). 5. Complement rule for conditional probabilities: P (A0|B) = 1 − P (A|B). That is, with respect to the first argument, A, the conditional probability P (A|B) satisfies the ordinary complement rule. 6. Multiplication rule: P (A ∩ B) = P (A|B)P (B) Some special cases • If P (A) = 0 or P (B) = 0 then A and B are independent. The same holds when P (A) = 1 or P (B) = 1. • If B = A or B = A0, A and B are not independent except in the above trivial case when P (A) or P (B) is 0 or 1. In other words, an event A which has probability strictly between 0 and 1 is not independent of itself or of its complement. -
214 CHAPTER 5 [T, D]-DELETION in ENGLISH in English, a Coronal Stop
CHAPTER 5 [t, d]-DELETION IN ENGLISH In English, a coronal stop that appears as last member of a word-final consonant cluster is subject to variable deletion – i.e. a word such as west can be pronounced as either [wEst] or [wEs]. Over the past thirty five years, this phenomenon has been studied in more detail than probably any other variable phonological phenomenon. Final [t, d]-deletion has been studied in dialects as diverse as the following: African American English (AAE) in New York City (Labov et al., 1968), in Detroit (Wolfram, 1969), and in Washington (Fasold, 1972), Standard American English in New York and Philadelphia (Guy, 1980), Chicano English in Los Angeles (Santa Ana, 1991), Tejano English in San Antonio (Bayley, 1995), Jamaican English in Kingston (Patrick, 1991) and Trinidadian English (Kang, 1 1994), etc.TP PT Two aspects that stand out from all these studies are (i) that this process is strongly grammatically conditioned, and (ii) that the grammatical factors that condition this process are the same from dialect to dialect. Because of these two facts [t, d]-deletion is particularly suited to a grammatical analysis. In this chapter I provide an analysis for this phenomenon within the rank-ordering model of EVAL. The factors that influence the likelihood of application of [t, d]-deletion can be classified into three broad categories: the following context (is the [t, d] followed by a consonant, vowel or pause), the preceding context (the phonological features of the consonant preceding the [t, d]), the grammatical status of the [t, d] (is it part of the root or 1 TP PT This phenomenon has also been studied in Dutch – see Schouten (1982, 1984) and Hinskens (1992, 1996). -
Tail Risk Premia and Return Predictability∗
Tail Risk Premia and Return Predictability∗ Tim Bollerslev,y Viktor Todorov,z and Lai Xu x First Version: May 9, 2014 This Version: February 18, 2015 Abstract The variance risk premium, defined as the difference between the actual and risk- neutral expectations of the forward aggregate market variation, helps predict future market returns. Relying on new essentially model-free estimation procedure, we show that much of this predictability may be attributed to time variation in the part of the variance risk premium associated with the special compensation demanded by investors for bearing jump tail risk, consistent with idea that market fears play an important role in understanding the return predictability. Keywords: Variance risk premium; time-varying jump tails; market sentiment and fears; return predictability. JEL classification: C13, C14, G10, G12. ∗The research was supported by a grant from the NSF to the NBER, and CREATES funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (Bollerslev). We are grateful to an anonymous referee for her/his very useful comments. We would also like to thank Caio Almeida, Reinhard Ellwanger and seminar participants at NYU Stern, the 2013 SETA Meetings in Seoul, South Korea, the 2013 Workshop on Financial Econometrics in Natal, Brazil, and the 2014 SCOR/IDEI conference on Extreme Events and Uncertainty in Insurance and Finance in Paris, France for their helpful comments and suggestions. yDepartment of Economics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, and NBER and CREATES; e-mail: [email protected]. zDepartment of Finance, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208; e-mail: [email protected]. xDepartment of Finance, Whitman School of Management, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244- 2450; e-mail: [email protected]. -
ISO Basic Latin Alphabet
ISO basic Latin alphabet The ISO basic Latin alphabet is a Latin-script alphabet and consists of two sets of 26 letters, codified in[1] various national and international standards and used widely in international communication. The two sets contain the following 26 letters each:[1][2] ISO basic Latin alphabet Uppercase Latin A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z alphabet Lowercase Latin a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z alphabet Contents History Terminology Name for Unicode block that contains all letters Names for the two subsets Names for the letters Timeline for encoding standards Timeline for widely used computer codes supporting the alphabet Representation Usage Alphabets containing the same set of letters Column numbering See also References History By the 1960s it became apparent to thecomputer and telecommunications industries in the First World that a non-proprietary method of encoding characters was needed. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) encapsulated the Latin script in their (ISO/IEC 646) 7-bit character-encoding standard. To achieve widespread acceptance, this encapsulation was based on popular usage. The standard was based on the already published American Standard Code for Information Interchange, better known as ASCII, which included in the character set the 26 × 2 letters of the English alphabet. Later standards issued by the ISO, for example ISO/IEC 8859 (8-bit character encoding) and ISO/IEC 10646 (Unicode Latin), have continued to define the 26 × 2 letters of the English alphabet as the basic Latin script with extensions to handle other letters in other languages.[1] Terminology Name for Unicode block that contains all letters The Unicode block that contains the alphabet is called "C0 Controls and Basic Latin". -
Nuclear Data Library for Incident Proton Energies to 150 Mev
LA-UR-00-1067 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 7Li(p,n) Nuclear Data Library for Incident Proton Title: Energies to 150 MeV Author(s): S. G. Mashnik, M. B. Chadwick, P. G. Young, R. E. MacFarlane, and L. S. Waters Submitted to: http://lib-www.lanl.gov/la-pubs/00393814.pdf Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer, is operated by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract W-7405-ENG-36. By acceptance of this article, the publisher recognizes that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty- free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or to allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Los Alamos National Laboratory requests that the publisher identify this article as work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy. Los Alamos National Laboratory strongly supports academic freedom and a researcher's right to publish; as an institution, however, the Laboratory does not endorse the viewpoint of a publication or guarantee its technical correctness. FORM 836 (10/96) Li(p,n) Nuclear Data Library for Incident Proton Energies to 150 MeV S. G. Mashnik, M. B. Chadwick, P. G. Young, R. E. MacFarlane, and L. S. Waters Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 Abstract Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory are considering the possibility of using the Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA), constructed at LANSCE for the Ac- celerator Production of Tritium program (APT), as a neutron source. Evaluated nuclear data are needed for the p+ ¡ Li reaction, to predict neutron production from thin and thick lithium targets. -
B1. the Generating Functional Z[J]
B1. The generating functional Z[J] The generating functional Z[J] is a key object in quantum field theory - as we shall see it reduces in ordinary quantum mechanics to a limiting form of the 1-particle propagator G(x; x0jJ) when the particle is under thje influence of an external field J(t). However, before beginning, it is useful to look at another closely related object, viz., the generating functional Z¯(J) in ordinary probability theory. Recall that for a simple random variable φ, we can assign a probability distribution P (φ), so that the expectation value of any variable A(φ) that depends on φ is given by Z hAi = dφP (φ)A(φ); (1) where we have assumed the normalization condition Z dφP (φ) = 1: (2) Now let us consider the generating functional Z¯(J) defined by Z Z¯(J) = dφP (φ)eφ: (3) From this definition, it immediately follows that the "n-th moment" of the probability dis- tribution P (φ) is Z @nZ¯(J) g = hφni = dφP (φ)φn = j ; (4) n @J n J=0 and that we can expand Z¯(J) as 1 X J n Z Z¯(J) = dφP (φ)φn n! n=0 1 = g J n; (5) n! n ¯ so that Z(J) acts as a "generator" for the infinite sequence of moments gn of the probability distribution P (φ). For future reference it is also useful to recall how one may also expand the logarithm of Z¯(J); we write, Z¯(J) = exp[W¯ (J)] Z W¯ (J) = ln Z¯(J) = ln dφP (φ)eφ: (6) 1 Now suppose we make a power series expansion of W¯ (J), i.e., 1 X 1 W¯ (J) = C J n; (7) n! n n=0 where the Cn, known as "cumulants", are just @nW¯ (J) C = j : (8) n @J n J=0 The relationship between the cumulants Cn and moments gn is easily found. -
Percent R, X and Z Based on Transformer KVA
SHORT CIRCUIT FAULT CALCULATIONS Short circuit fault calculations as required to be performed on all electrical service entrances by National Electrical Code 110-9, 110-10. These calculations are made to assure that the service equipment will clear a fault in case of short circuit. To perform the fault calculations the following information must be obtained: 1. Available Power Company Short circuit KVA at transformer primary : Contact Power Company, may also be given in terms of R + jX. 2. Length of service drop from transformer to building, Type and size of conductor, ie., 250 MCM, aluminum. 3. Impedance of transformer, KVA size. A. %R = Percent Resistance B. %X = Percent Reactance C. %Z = Percent Impedance D. KVA = Kilovoltamp size of transformer. ( Obtain for each transformer if in Bank of 2 or 3) 4. If service entrance consists of several different sizes of conductors, each must be adjusted by (Ohms for 1 conductor) (Number of conductors) This must be done for R and X Three Phase Systems Wye Systems: 120/208V 3∅, 4 wire 277/480V 3∅ 4 wire Delta Systems: 120/240V 3∅, 4 wire 240V 3∅, 3 wire 480 V 3∅, 3 wire Single Phase Systems: Voltage 120/240V 1∅, 3 wire. Separate line to line and line to neutral calculations must be done for single phase systems. Voltage in equations (KV) is the secondary transformer voltage, line to line. Base KVA is 10,000 in all examples. Only those components actually in the system have to be included, each component must have an X and an R value. Neutral size is assumed to be the same size as the phase conductors.