DOCSLIB.ORG

Eu Overshoot Day 10 May 2019

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Eu Overshoot Day 10 May 2019 REPORT EU 2019 EU OVERSHOOT DAY LIVING BEYOND NATURE’S 10 MAY 2019 LIMITS CONTENTS Front cover © ESA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 WWF is one of the world’s largest and most experienced independent conservation organisations, with over five million supporters and a global network active in more than 100 countries. EDITORIAL 8 WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by conserving the world’s biological diversity, ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable and promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption. THE EU’S ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT ANALYSED 10 The European Policy Office contributes to the achievement of WWF’s global mission by leading the THE ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT AND BIOCAPACITY EXPLAINED 10 WWF network to shape EU policies impacting on the European and global environment. THE EU’S FOOTPRINT COMPARED TO THE REST OF THE WORLD 12 Global Footprint Network is a research organization that is changing how the world manages its FOOTPRINT AND BIOCAPACITY IN THE EU 16 natural resources and responds to climate change. Since 2003 Global Footprint Network has engaged THE IMPACT OF OUR ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT ON BIODIVERSITY 20 with more than 50 countries, 30 cities and 70 global partners to deliver scientific insights that have driven high-impact policy and investment decisions. Together, we’re creating a future where all of us can thrive within our planet’s ecological limits. WWF POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS: EUROPE AT A CROSSROADS 23 Lead authors: Tycho Vandermaesen and Rebecca Humphries at WWF European Policy Office. I. SHIFT TO SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND FOOD SYSTEMS 24 Mathis Wackernagel, Adeline Murthy, and Laetitia Mailhes at Global Footprint Network. Layout: bitter grafik, Hamburg II. MAKE EUROPE CLIMATE-NEUTRAL BY 2040 26 Printed by ZwartOpWit - Drukkerij Bulckens, Herenthout III. RESTORE NATURE 27 IV. PROTECT THE OCEANS 29 V. FINANCING OUR SUSTAINABLE FUTURE 30 Certificate No. 17/319 GLOSSARY 34 Published in April 2019 by WWF – World Wide Fund For Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund), WHAT IS FOOTPRINT ACCOUNTING? 35 Brussels, Belgium. Any reproduction in full or in part must mention the title and credit the above-mentioned publisher as the copyright owner. © Text 2019 WWF. All rights reserved. This programme is implemented with the support of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of WWF and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. © Elizabeth Lies / Unsplash If everybody in the world lived like the average EU resident, we would have used up nature’s budget for the year by the 10 May, and would need 2.8 planets. This is unsustainable - we’re depleting natural ecosystems at a faster rate than what can be renewed. The solutions to reduce the EU’s Ecological Footprint are at hand – but there is only a narrow window for the EU to act. Executive Summary OVERSHOOT DAYS ACROSS THE EU AND THE WORLD Executive Summary Cuba 112 Luxembourg 102 Estonia 203 Morocco 112 Denmark 203 Niger 2512 an. Sweden 304 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY J Fe . b Latvia 404 c . e D Finland 04 Lao People’s M 04 Belgium a Democratic Republic 11 . r In 2019, the EU Overshoot Day falls on 10 May, based on the latest v s Austria 04 o N Malta 1304 data produced by Global Footprint Network. The date of the EU Lithuania 104 Overshoot Day is calculated by comparing the EU’s Footprint per A Czech Republic 104 p . resident to the globally available biocapacity per person. In other r Ireland 204 t Viet Nam 10 . c words, if everybody in the world had the same Ecological Footprint 204 Slovenia Colombia 110 O 26,205 as the average EU resident – emitting as much carbon, consuming M Germany 305 as much food, timber and fibres, and occupying as much built-up a . t y Netherlands 405 p space – 10 May would be the date by which humanity would e S EU average 1005 have used as much from nature than our planet can renew in the Gabon 10 J 1505 France u n . 230 e Peru g whole year. For the rest of the year, humanity would have to live u 1505 Italy A J u l Tunisia 20 y off depleting the natural capital of the Earth. This means more Poland 1505 carbon emissions than the planet’s natural ecosystems can absorb, United Kingdom 105 more biomass destroyed through deforestation than nature can Greece 2005 regenerate, depleted fishing grounds, soil erosion and biodiversity Slovakia 2205 loss. Costa Rica 100 USA 1503 Portugal 205 Mexico 10 Norway 104 Spain 205 Russian Fed. 204 When taking into account the EU’s Ecological Footprint and Switzerland 05 the biocapacity within its borders – meaning the biologically China 140 productive areas within the EU – the EU and its citizens are Brazil 310 Croatia 10 Cyprus 0 currently using twice more than what the EU’s ecosystems can Hungary 140 renew. EU Overshoot Day EU-28 and Member States 20% Bulgaria 220 Earth Overshoot Day Key non-EU countries Romania 120 OF THE EARTHS The EU’s impact on the planet’s resources is inequitable: the BIOCAPACITY EU uses almost 20% of the Earth’s biocapacity although it IS USED BY THE EU, comprises only 7% of the world population. In other words, 2.8 WITH ONLY 7% planets would be needed if everyone consumed at the rate of the average EU resident. This is well above the world average which is The picture within the EU is not homogeneous either. Data shows OF THE WORLD approximately 1.7 planets. Whether at the regional or global level, a wide range between different countries’ consumption patterns, POPULATION human demand on nature is way beyond what is sustainable for although none of them stay within the planetary boundaries. our planet. Luxembourg is the first country in the EU to reach its Overshoot Day just 46 days into the year, whereas Romania comes last, using up the available resources for the entire year in 192 days – still earlier than the global average1. The reasons for these differences are diverse and discussed in this report. 2.8 EARTHS wold e needed if everone consmed lie the average 1 Earth Overshoot Day took place on 1 August in 2018. E resident EU Overshoot Day – Living Beyond Nature’s Limits – page 6 EU Overshoot Day – Living Beyond Nature’s Limits – page 7 © Global Warming Images / WWF Editorial Editorial EDITORIAL If everybody in the world lived like the average EU resident, we would have used up nature’s budget for the year by 10 May 2019 – almost three months before Earth Overshoot Day which takes place earlier and earlier every year. These figures are stark and show that Europe by Ester Asin, is using up more than its fair share of the Director, world’s ecological resources. Yet we only have WWF European one planet, and we’re depleting its natural Policy Office ecosystems at a faster rate than they can be renewed. Continuing at this rate is no longer an option. It is also irresponsible. This carries a significant cost, both for our economies and CONTINUING our health: extreme weather events have cost AT THIS RATE the European economy €450 billion since 1980 IS NOT ONLY and air pollution causes 430.000 premature NO LONGER AN deaths in Europe each year. By tackling climate change and environmental degradation, the OPTION, IT IS well-being and quality of life of European why WWF is calling for leaders across Europe to adopt a European IRRESPONSIBLE citizens can be improved. Sustainability Pact with concrete goals and actions on climate change, nature and sustainable development to be achieved over The solutions to tackle this crisis are within reach: numerous the next five years. examples show it is possible to move towards a climate neutral society which is respectful of nature. Whether businesses, cities, The course of action would benefit not only the environment, and regions invest in the sustainable economy, or governments are but also our quality of life and well-being. As the Sustainable pledging to achieve net-zero emissions, it is possible to make the Development Goals show, the economy cannot thrive without right choices for our planet and for us all, leaving no one behind. putting the concerns of the environment and people at its centre. And if we are to safeguard the EU’s security and stability, and The upcoming European parliamentary elections of 23-26 May ensure our resource security in the long term, tackling climate 2019 are a unique opportunity to let our elected representatives change and environmental degradation is not optional. Europe’s know that we trust them to lead the way, protecting us and the continued leadership can only be guaranteed if it invests in those planet by stepping up for the environment and honouring the sectors that will be at the heart of tomorrow’s economies, such commitments of the Paris Climate Agreement. The way priorities as renewable energy, sustainable transport and environmentally set by national and European decision makers will determine responsible agriculture and fisheries. whether they are up to the challenge: the next few years are decisive, the EU will need to take ambitious policy decisions to set Solutions are available. If we don’t firmly decide to support them us on the path towards climate neutrality, and to restore our nature today, tomorrow will be too late. The appropriate policy decisions and protect our environment both in Europe and globally. This is need to be taken now.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 'Zero Carbon': the Wrong Problem Diagnosis, the Wrong 2050 Metric of Success, for New Zealand and the World
    ‘Zero Carbon’: The Wrong Problem Diagnosis, The Wrong 2050 Metric of Success, for New Zealand and The World. The government surely must agree?: Climate Change is 'merely' one symptom' of ‘The Real Problem’? ‘The Real Problem’ is that Humanity is living well beyond the bioregenerative capacity of the Planet's Ecosystem. (>70% Beyond!) 1970 was the last time the world was in balance, and ever since then the deficit has been steadily increasing without any sign of abating! (This with all the ‘amazing’ ‘Sustainability’ work going on around the world!) The ‘Issue’ is about ‘real’ 'Sustainable Living' and what ‘that’ really means for ‘The World’, a ‘Nation’, and right down to each, and every individual? I'm sure every New Zealander would agree: 'Sustainable Living', and being a 'Sustainable Nation', means: 'We' as a collective, should all be living within our 'fair share' of less than One Planet's, Ecological Regenerative Biocapacity limits? This surely must be, '‘The Ultimate Goal’' of humanity? It's well accepted that anthropogenic Carbon Emissions are a huge contributor to ‘The Real Problem’, but due to the inter-relationship between the Earth's bioregenerative resources, the solution, and particularly when looking to 2050, requires more than a simple, Carbon Emissions, or a ‘Zero Carbon’ focus. (This particularly for nation’s like NZ with strong and diverse Biocapacity Balance Sheets.) At an ‘enclosed system’, global level, a ‘Zero Carbon’ goal may have real relevance in solving ‘The Real Problem’, however, given the huge demographic, and biodiversity diversity between the nations of the world, setting ‘Zero Carbon’ goals at a nation level has the potential to delay, deceive, and confuse efforts to solve ‘The Real Problem’.
    [Show full text]
  • Land-Use, Land-Cover Changes and Biodiversity Loss - Helena Freitas
    LAND USE, LAND COVER AND SOIL SCIENCES – Vol. I - Land-Use, Land-Cover Changes and Biodiversity Loss - Helena Freitas LAND-USE, LAND-COVER CHANGES AND BIODIVERSITY LOSS Helena Freitas University of Coimbra, Portugal Keywords: land use; habitat fragmentation; biodiversity loss Contents 1. Introduction 2. Primary Causes of Biodiversity Loss 2.1. Habitat Degradation and Destruction 2.2. Habitat Fragmentation 2.3. Global Climate Change 3. Strategies for Biodiversity Conservation 3.1. General 3.2. The European Biodiversity Conservation Strategy 4. Conclusions Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary During Earth's history, species extinction has probably been caused by modifications of the physical environment after impacts such as meteorites or volcanic activity. On the contrary, the actual extinction of species is mainly a result of human activities, namely any form of land use that causes the conversion of vast areas to settlement, agriculture, and forestry, resulting in habitat destruction, degradation, and fragmentation, which are among the most important causes of species decline and extinction. The loss of biodiversity is unique among the major anthropogenic changes because it is irreversible. The importance of preserving biodiversity has increased in recent times. The global recognition of the alarming loss of biodiversity and the acceptance of its value resultedUNESCO in the Convention on Biologi – calEOLSS Diversity. In addition, in Europe, the challenge is also the implementation of the European strategy for biodiversity conservation and agricultural policies, though it is increasingly recognized that the strategy is limitedSAMPLE by a lack of basic ecological CHAPTERS information and indicators available to decision makers and end users. We have reached a point where we can save biodiversity only by saving the biosphere.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ecological Footprint Emerged As a Response to the Challenge of Sustainable Development, Which Aims at Securing Everybody's Well-Being Within Planetary Constraints
    16 Ecological Footprint accounts The Ecological Footprint emerged as a response to the challenge of sustainable development, which aims at securing everybody's well-being within planetary constraints. It sharpens sustainable development efforts by offering a metric for this challenge’s core condition: keeping the human metabolism within the means of what the planet can renew. Therefore, Ecological Footprint accounting seeks to answer one particular question: How much of the biosphere’s (or any region’s) regenerative capacity does any human activity demand? The condition of keeping humanity’s material demands within the amount the planet can renew is a minimum requirement for sustainability. While human demands can exceed what the planet renew s for some time, exceeding it leads inevitably to (unsustainable) depletion of nature’s stocks. Such depletion can only be maintained temporarily. In this chapter we outline the underlying principles that are the foundation of Ecological Footprint accounting. 16 Ecological Footprint accounts Runninghead Right-hand pages: 16 Ecological Footprint accounts Runninghead Left-hand pages: Mathis Wackernagel et al. 16 Ecological Footprint accounts Principles 1 Mathis Wackernagel, Alessandro Galli, Laurel Hanscom, David Lin, Laetitia Mailhes, and Tony Drummond 1. Introduction – addressing all demands on nature, from carbon emissions to food and fibres Through the Paris Climate Agreement, nearly 200 countries agreed to keep global temperature rise to less than 2°C above the pre-industrial level. This goal implies ending fossil fuel use globally well before 2050 ( Anderson, 2015 ; Figueres et al., 2017 ; Rockström et al., 2017 ). The term “net carbon” in the agreement further suggests humanity needs far more than just a transition to clean energy; managing land to support many competing needs also will be crucial.
    [Show full text]
  • Partial Correlation Analysis of Association Between Subjective Well-Being and Ecological Footprint
    sustainability Article Partial Correlation Analysis of Association between Subjective Well-Being and Ecological Footprint Jinting Zhang 1, F. Benjamin Zhan 2, Xiu Wu 2,* and Daojun Zhang 3 1 School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; [email protected] 2 Department of Geography, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; [email protected] 3 College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-512-781-0041 Abstract: A spatial-temporal panel dataset was collected from 101 countries during 2006–2016. Using partial correlation (PC) and ordinary correlation (OR) analyses, this research examines the relation- ship between ecological footprint (EF) and subjective well-being (SWB) to measure environmental impacts on people’s happiness. Gross domestic product (GDP), urbanization rate (UR), literacy rate (LR), youth life expectancy (YLE), wage and salaried workers (WSW), political stability (PS), voice accountability (VA) are regarded as control variables. Total bio-capacity (TBC), ecological crop-land footprints (ECL), ecological grazing-land footprint (EGL), and ecological built-up land footprint (EBL) have significant positive influences on SWB, but ecological fish-land (EFL) has significant negative influences on SWB. Ecological carbon footprint (ECF) is significantly negatively related to SWB in developed countries. An increase in the amount of EF factors is associated with a country’s degree of development. Political social–economic impacts on SWB disguised environmental contribution on SWB, especially CBF impacts on SWB. The use of PC in examining the association between SWB and EF helps bridge a knowledge gap and facilitate a better understanding of happiness.
    [Show full text]
  • EAZA Bushmeat Campaign
    B USHMEAT | R AINFOREST | T IGER | S HELLSHOCK | R HINO | M ADAGASCAR | A MPHIBIAN | C ARNIVORE | A PE EAZA Conservation Campaigns EAZA Bushmeat Over the last ten years Europe’s leading zoos and aquariums have worked together in addressing a variety of issues affecting a range of species and Campaign habitats. EAZA’s annual conservation campaigns have raised funds and promoted awareness amongst 2000-2001 millions of zoo visitors each year, as well as providing the impetus for key regulatory change. | INTRODUCTION | The first of EAZA's annual conservation campaigns addressed the issue of the unsustainable and illegal hunting and trade of threatened wildlife, in particular the great apes. Bushmeat is a term commonly used to describe the hunting and trade of wild meat. For the Bushmeat Campaign EAZA collaborated with the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) as an official partner in order to enhance the chances of a successful campaign. The Bushmeat Campaign can be regarded as the ‘template campaign’ for the EAZA conservation campaigns that followed over the subsequent ten years. | CAMPAIGN AIMS | Through launching the Bushmeat Campaign EAZA hoped to make a meaningful contribution to the conservation of great apes in the wild, particularly in Africa, over the next 20 to 50 years. The bushmeat trade was (and still is) a serious threat to the survival of apes in the wild. Habitat loss and deforestation have historically been the major causal factors for declining populations of great apes, but experts now agree that the illegal commercial bushmeat trade has surpassed habitat loss as the primary threat to ape populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Capital for Governments: Why, What and How
    Natural capital for governments: why, what and how Natural capital for governments: why, what and how (DRAFT 1.0, 20 November 2018) is developed in the context of the Government Dialogue on Natural Capital (https://naturalcapitalcoalition.org/projects/government-dialogue-on-natural-capital/). It is written by a core-team of authors from the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, Green Economy Coalition, World Bank WAVES Programme and Natural Capital Coalition and builds on contributions from the Narrative Working (France, Germany, Ghana, Japan, Netherlands, Nigeria, South Africa, United Kingdom, CISL, European Commission ICAEW and IUCN, plus the core-team members mentioned before). It also builds on the wealth of best practices that is collected by the Best Practices and Accounting Working Groups, as well as on examples published by the Green Economy Coalition and the World Bank’s WAVES Program. This document contains over 50 examples of government best practices that show that many governments already do act on natural capital. All examples in the text are underlined and in majority hyperlinked. However, 15 of these hyperlinks are not yet in place in this draft and will be added. As soon as all links are available an updated draft will be published on the web on https://naturalcapitalcoalition.org/projects/government-dialogue-on-natural-capital/ and on the webpage of the Policy Forum on Natural Capital . This draft will be discussed at the Policy Forum on Natural Capital that convenes at 26-27 November 2018 in Paris). Three questions are key for government consideration and will be discussed in Paris: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplemental Wildlife Food Planting Manual for the Southeast • Contents
    Supplemental Wildlife Food Planting Manual for the Southeast • Contents Managing Plant Succession ................................ 4 Openings ............................................................. 6 Food Plot Size and Placement ............................ 6 Soil Quality and Fertilization .............................. 6 Preparing Food Plots .......................................... 7 Supplemental Forages ............................................................................................................................. 8 Planting Mixtures/Strip Plantings ......................................................................................................... 9 Legume Seed Inoculation ...................................................................................................................... 9 White-Tailed Deer ............................................................................................................................... 10 Eastern Wild Turkey ............................................................................................................................ 11 Northern Bobwhite .............................................................................................................................. 12 Mourning Dove ................................................................................................................................... 13 Waterfowl ............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Anthropocene: Acknowledging the Extent of Global Resource Overshoot , and What We Must Do About It
    Research, education, and policy guidance for a better global future. The Anthropocene: Acknowledging the extent of global resource overshoot , and what we must do about it. Research, education, and policy guidance for a better global future. Understanding the balance between human needs and environmental resources Research, education, and policy guidance for a better global future. The Anthropocene Story 3 minute video Reflections on the Anthropocene Story “ … we must find a safe operating space for humanity” “... we must understand resource limits and size ourselves to operate within planetary boundaries” Reflections on the Anthropocene Story “…our creativity, energy, and industry offer hope” Empty words Cognitive and behavioral paradigm shifts would offer ‘guarded’ optimism for the future. A preview of this afternoon’s discussion: 1. Realistic meta-level picture of humanity’s relationship with the planet 2. Talk about that relationship and the conceptual meaning of sustainability 3. Discuss the need for ‘transformative’ change and one approach to achieving future sustainability The Problem Climate change is not the problem. Water shortages, overgrazing, erosion, desertification and the rapid extinction of species are not the problem. Deforestation, Deforestation, reduced cropland productivity, Deforestation, reduced cropland productivity, and the collapse of fisheries are not the problem. Each of these crises, though alarming, is a symptom of a single, over-riding issue. Humanity is simply demanding more than the earth can provide. Climate change Witnessing dysfunctional human behavior Deforestation Desertification Collapse of fisheries Rapid extinction of species Supply = 1 Earth Today’s reality: Global Resource Overshoot How do we know we are - living beyond our resource means? - exceeding global capacity? - experiencing resource overshoot? • Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Released in 2005, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment was a four-year global effort involving more than 1,300 experts that assessed the condition of and trends in the world’s ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Growth & Resource Capacity
    Population Growth & Resource Capacity Part 1 Population Projections Between 1950 and 2005, population growth in the U.S. has been nearly linear, as shown in figure 1. Figure 1 U.S. Population in Billions 0.4 0.3 0.2 Actual Growth 0.1 Linear Approximation - - - H L Year 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Source: Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision. If you looked at population growth over a longer period of time, you would see that it is not actually linear. However, over the relatively short period of time above, the growth looks nearly linear. A statistical technique called linear regression can create a linear function that approximates the actual population growth over this period very well. It turns out that this function is P = 0.0024444t + 0.15914 where t represents the time variable measured in years since 1950 and P represents the (approximate) population of the U.S. measured in billions of people. (If you take statistics, you’ll probably learn how to obtain this function.) The graph of this linear function is shown in the figure above. (1) Just to make sure that you understand how to work with this function, use it to complete the following table. The actual population values are given. If you are working with the function correctly, the values you obtain should be close to the actual population values! Actual Population t P Year (billions of people) (years) (billions of people) 1960 .186158 1990 .256098 2005 .299846 (2) Use the linear function to determine the approximate year when the population of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading 23 Limits to Growth1 Overshoot
    Reading 23 Limits to Growth1 Overshoot To overshoot means to go too far, to go be- cal, political, psychological, or other features of a yond limits accidentally—without intention. Peo- system. ple experience overshoots every day. When you The delays, too, arise in many ways. They may rise too quickly from a chair, you may momen- result from inattention, faulty data, delayed in- tarily lose your balance. If you turn on the hot formation, slow reflexes, a cumbersome or quar- water faucet too far in the shower, you may be relling bureaucracy, a false theory about how the scalded. On an icy road your car might slide past system responds, or from momentum that pre- a stop sign. At a party you may drink much more vents the system from being stopped quickly de- alcohol than your body can safely metabolize; in spite the best efforts to halt it. For example, de- the morning you will have a ferocious headache. lays may result when a driver does not realize how Construction companies periodically build more much his car’s braking traction has been reduced condominiums than are demanded, forcing them by ice on the road; the contractor uses current to sell units below cost and confront the possi- prices to make decisions about construction activ- bility of bankruptcy. Too many fishing boats are ity that will affect the market two or three years in often constructed. Then fishing fleets grow so the future; the fishing fleet owners base their deci- large that they catch far more than the sustainable sions on data about recent catch, not information harvest.
    [Show full text]
  • An Exploration of Human Population Demographic Data
    Tested Studies for Laboratory Teaching Proceedings of the Association for Biology Laboratory Education Vol. 32, 406–421, 2011 Behind the Numbers: An Exploration of Human Population Demographic Data Teresa C. Weglarz Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin – Fox Valley, 1478 Midway Rd, Menasha WI 54952 USA ([email protected]) Increasingly global population size has been a cause for alarm among scientists. Currently, global population size is 6.9 billion and estimates for 2050 range from 8-12 billion. It is estimated that the majority of population growth in the next 50 years will be in developing countries. This computer-based lab activity explores some of the social, economic, and political factors that influence population growth. Understanding the role of these factors in popula- tion growth is critical to the study of population demography. Population demographic data provides a glimpse into the population characteristics that are associated with rapid growth. The International Data Base provides popula- tion pyramids and demography data, on infant mortality rates, fertility rates, and life expectancy of populations in over 200 countries. This population demographic data provides a glimpse into the population characteristics that are associated with population growth and may provide clues on how to address population growth. Keywords: Population growth, demography, population pyramids Introduction Introduction Human demography is the study of population charac- tion data contains estimates and projections for more than teristics. The purpose of this computer investigation is to 200 countries, which includes population size, fertility, analyze the demographic relationships between different mortality and migration rates. The entire investigation can countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Buying a Mining Claim from BLM Field Offices Bureau of Land Management the Internet
    U.S. Department of the Interior Investigate before buying a mining claim from BLM Field Offices Bureau of Land Management the internet. The BLM manages public lands to support many uses, FRONT RANGE DISTRICT including mining claims Royal Gorge Field Office 3028 E. Main St. and mineral Cañon City, CO 81212 extraction. You 719-269-8500 can file mining Buying A claims on any San Luis Valley Field Office 1313 E. Highway 160 public lands Monte Vista, CO 81144 that are open to 719-852-7074 Mining Claim mineral entry, and the law NORTHWEST DISTRICT Important Information You Should Know encourages you Colorado River Valley Field Office to explore and 2300 River Frontage Road develop minerals Silt, CO 81652 in those areas. 970-876-9000 However, before Grand Junction Field Office buying an 2815 H Road unpatented mining claim from a private seller, make sure Grand Junction, CO 81506 you understand what you are purchasing. 970-244-3000 Kremmling Field Office A Federal unpatented mining claim describes a parcel 2103 E. Park Ave. of federal land that may contain valuable minerals. Any Kremmling, CO 80459 prospective buyer should understand federal mining laws, 970-724-3000 including the rights and responsibilities of an unpatented mining claim. Little Snake Field Office 455 Emerson St. Craig, CO 81625 Keep in mind the phrase “buyer beware” when 970-826-5000 deciding to purchase a mining claim via an White River Field Office Sellers may provide incomplete or internet site. 220 E. Market St. incorrect information about the mining claim or what Meeker, CO 81641 type of operation is allowable on the claim.
    [Show full text]