84 Ignacio Paricio Edgardo Mannino GATCPAC Architectural drawings globus vermell ©el de Catalunya (Arxiu Històric del COAC) ©Fons Sindicat d’Arquitectes MiróFundació Joan ©Arxiu Josep Lluís Sert, Photos la correccional (serveis textuals) English translation Museu del Disseny de MiróFundació Joan With the support of globus vermell el Concept and texts Guide-Map Josep Lluís Sert and GATCPAC Avant-garde Architecture in Barcelona 3701 36 99112 Fundació Joan Fundació Joan Miró Miró Joan Fundació by organized Visits and reservations: Information 93 443 94 79 Tel. 10 am to 2 pm) to Friday, (Monday [email protected] www.fmirobcn.org of the Spanish Republic Pavilion vermell el globus by organized Visits and reservations: Information [email protected] www.elglobusvermell.org © texts and images: the authors © edition: Ajuntament de Barcelona, 2016 All rights reserved Reina Sofía del COAC, Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Arxiu Josep Lluís Sert, Arxiu Històric Freixa, Edgardo Mannino, Ignacio Paricio, Rossend Casanova, Mario Corea, Jaume Acknowledgments , we Avant-garde Avant-garde Architecture in Barcelona Lluís Sert Josep and GATCPAC Josep Lluís Sert and GATCPACJosep GUIDED VISITS about the architecture nd out more fi To of Casa Bloc Museu by organized Visits de Barcelona del Disseny and reservations: Information Friday, to 93 256 68 01 (Tuesday Tel. 3 pm to 5 pm) Thursday, 10 am to 1 pm and [email protected] museudeldisseny.barcelona.cat Macià Plan (1932-1934) invite you to sign up for any of the guided any to sign up for you invite buildings the following for visits offered

GATCPAC

In the fi rst half of the 1930s the Generalitat of Catalunya The GATCPAC (Group of Catalan Architects and Techni- cities and residential buildings. time to be reactivated after the Civil War, and it was not was a government committed to addressing social needs. cians for the Progress of Contemporary Architecture) On an urban scale they proposed the Macià Plan (1932- until 1951 that Grup R would be founded, a collective Avant-garde At that time more modest neighbourhoods in cities like was comprised of a group of young, ambitious architects 1934), a new urban plan for the city of Barcelona devel- that brought together architects from a broad span of Barcelona had serious hygiene and health problems, and who took a belligerent stance against the dominant oped along with Le Corbusier. The plan sought to rethink generations (Oriol Bohigas, José Antonio Coderch, Josep the government of the Republic considered it urgent and architectural style in the country in the 1920s, striving Cerdà’s Eixample Plan with the goal of responding to the Martorell and Antoni de Moragas, amongst others) with Architecture necessary to emphasize policies for social and urban to rethink twentieth century Catalan architecture in social needs of the moment and clean up the historic the idea of continuing the GATCPAC legacy and forging betterment. general. It was no coincidence that a few months before centre. It also proposed improving communication with international ties anew. The delegates of GATCPAC in Athens (1933) The Generalitat commissioned various projects to the the start of the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition the beaches on the Llobregat Delta as part of the study in Barcelona GATCPAC, a group of architects who introduced the crite- an exhibit on the group was inaugurated at the Galeries for the creation of a City of Rest and Vacations, primarily ria of modern architecture into the country, welcoming Dalmau, entitled Arquitectura nova [New Architecture], destined to the working class. innovative proposals to dignify cities and housing, think- setting itself up in contrast to the outdated style of Furthermore, the GATCPAC did research on housing ing above all of the working class. These initiatives gave the majority of buildings done for the World’s Fair. The materials and medical-service buildings in relation to rise to projects in both urban planning and residential group’s fi rst projects were shown in the gallery, under health and hygiene, redefi ning the minimum standards Josep Lluís Sert construction where the main priorities were public health, the infl uence of new architectural currents emerging for twentieth century society. The concrete problems of hygiene and socialization, along with the prerogative to across Europe. their immediate context (namely Barcelona and Catalo- and GATCPAC come up with innovative solutions in construction. During a voyage throughout Europe, a group of GATCPAC nia) allowed them to refl ect and come up with solutions With their manifestos and writings, the GATCPAC refor- members were able to see the emergence of new that could be extrapolated to common problems found mulated the foundations of architecture as a profession. rationalist, avant-garde architecture fi rst-hand. This worldwide. The group was active in a period when architecture and movement was grounded in functionalism (the function Their determination to spread these new ideas led them urban planning played a key role in Catalan development. of the building was meant to determine the form) and to publish the journal AC. Documentos de Actividad The rationalism introduced by the GATCPAC in did away with everything considered superfl uous, such Contemporánea [AC. Documents of Contemporary Activ- brought with it new criteria and ideas that were likewise as ornamentation. The emergence of new materials ity], which became a shared organ for all groups in the being conceived and put into practice in the most advan- and technologies applied to construction, allowing for GATEPAC. Besides publishing projects and manifestos ced countries of Europe. At the same time, the group paid standardized industrial production, was also particularly on architecture and urban planning, they printed arti- attention to the country’s vernacular architecture and valued, paving the way for architectural innovation. cles on other cultural fi elds (painting, cinema, design, traditional construction techniques, which in the end were The movement spread to the rest of the and and others). Furthermore, they opened an exhibition understood as expressions of pure functionalism. caught the interest of architects from all over the coun- space and sales point known as MIDVA (the Catalan Avant-garde Architecture in Barcelona, seeks to encourage try, who created the group known as the GATEPAC in initials stood for Furniture and Decor for Today’s Home) understanding of the GATCPAC’s architectural legacy and 1932. It was organized into three sections, including on Passeig de Gràcia, where they showed furniture and its best known architect, Josep Lluís Sert, in relation to the the Catalan group: Grupo Centro, based in Madrid, design products in the style of the Modern Movement. city of Barcelona. This guide-map is a refl ection of the im- Grupo Norte, with its headquarters in Bilbao, and Grupo After the Spanish Civil War broke out, the activity of the portance of the GATCPAC in the development of modern Este (GATCPAC), working out of Barcelona. The Catalan GATCPAC fell off sharply, as the majority of the projects society and on Barcelona as it is known today. Government during the Republic, driven by the desire they were working on were dependent upon the public This publication includes all buildings of the GATCPAC to modernize the country, worked on policies to improve administration. that have been preserved to the present. the social, labour and life conditions of the working In 1937 the last issue of the magazine AC was pub- class. In this political context, the GATCPAC became the lished, and in 1939 they closed the MIDVA space. The technical branch of the government, putting the princi- dictatorship meant that many GATCPAC members were ples of the new architecture into practice. prohibited from working in Spain, and quite a few chose Cover of issue no. 11 of the journal AC. The main projects of the GATCPAC were conceived with to go into exile. Documentos de Actividad Contemporánea the goal of improving health and living conditions in Debate and research related to architecture took some

JosEP LLUÍs sErT oUTsTANDING I LÓPEZ ArCHITECTs (Barcelona, 1902–1983) Josep Torres Joan Baptista subirana Luis Lacasa sixte Illescas ricardo Antoni Bonet Clavé i subirana Navarro i Mirosa de Churruca i Castellana (Barcelona, 1906 – (Rosario de Santa Fe, Argentina, 1904 – (Ribadesella, Asturias, Spain, 1899 – (Barcelona, 1903–1986) (Manila, Philippines, 1900 – (Barcelona, 1913–1989) Els Omellons, Lleida, Spain, 1939) Barcelona, 1978) Moscow, Russia, 1966) Barcelona, 1963)

· 1942 The publication of the book 1933–1937 1922–1928 Meets Josep Lluís Sert, 1928 Designs the Gran Hotel Atlán- Works at a young age on projects Can Our Cities Survive?, opens the Tuberculosis Hospital Josep Torres Clavé and other future tico in Cadiz. · 1929 Participates like the Macià Plan and the City of doors for him to the academic world. Currently CAP Lluís Sayé (Barcelona) members of the GATCPAC at univer- in the founding of the GATCPAC. · Rest and Vacations in Castelldefels. He begins to give classes at Yale sity. Works with Josep Goday and 1930 Designs the Delegation of the · 1931 Participates in the founding University, and together with other 1937 Jaume Torres Grau, architects in National Tourism Board, on the Gran of the MIDVA. · 1932 Collaborates in architects, planners and engineers Pavilion of the republic, 1937 the noucentista neo-classical style. Via.. · 1931 With Germán Rodríguez the studio of Josep Lluís Sert. · 1933 he creates the Town Planning Asso- Universal Exposition (Paris) After fi nishing university he opens Arias, he designs the single family While still a student he attends the ciates, designing urban plans, many (rebuilt in 1992 in Barcelona) a studio with Josep Lluís Sert. · 1929 dwelling on Plaça de Mons. · 1935 CIAM conference held on a cruise for South American cities. Participates in the exhibition Arqui- Designs the residential building on ship from Marseille to Athens. · 1936 · 1947–1956 He is named president 1955 tectura nova [New Architecture] at Iradier Street. · 1935–40 With Ger- Works in Le Corbusier’s studio in of the CIAM. · 1953–1969 He is Joan Miró studio the Galeries Dalmau, with a project mán Rodríguez Arias, he builds the Paris.. · 1937 Works with Josep Lluís named Dean of the Harvard Gradu- Currently part of the Fundació Pilar for an airport terminal. Participates residential buildings in the block Sert again on the project for the Born into a family of the upper ated School of Design and moves to i Joan Miró (Palma de Mallorca) in the founding of the GATCPAC, and defi ned by Diagonal, Enric Granados Pavilion of the Spanish Republic Catalan bourgeoisie in contact with Cambridge, Massachusetts.· 1958 Architect with Josep Lluís sert of Architect with Josep Lluís sert Architect with Josep Lluís sert of receives the commission for Casa and París streets. After the Civil War in Paris. · 1938 Goes into exile to the world of art (the painter Josep He founds a new architecture offi ce 1958–1966 the Casa Bloc and Tuberculosis of the Casa Bloc and Tuberculosis the Pavilion of the spanish republic Vilaró, one of the fi rst examples of he turns to business pursuits. Argentina and does various archi- Maria Sert was his uncle) and intel- with Huson Jackson and Ronald Holyoke Center, Hospital Hospital modern architecture in Barcelona. tectural and furniture design pro- lectual circles, throughout his life he Gourley. On the Harvard University (Cambridge, United States) Born into a well-off family who were 1926 Receives a degree in Math- While he was not a member of the · 1930 Attends the founding meeting jects. · 1953–1960 From Argentina he would cultivate cultural relation- campus he designs various build- founders of the Foment d’Obres i ematics. · 1930 Receives his degree GATCPAC, he contributed to the for the GATEPAC and becomes a designs the La Ricarda residence, ships. Joan Miró, Alexander Calder ings with a Mediterranean feel. · 1960 Construccions construction com- in Architecture after studying in introduction of the rationalist move- member of the board.· 1935 Resigns raimon Duran in Prat del Llobregat. · 1962 With and Pablo Picasso were amongst his 1976 He receives the Gold Medal of United states Embassy (Bagdad) pany. From a young age he proves Barcelona, Madrid and Berlin. Also ment in Spain, and is considered as a board member of the GATCPAC. i reynals Josep Puig Torné, he designs the closest friends. 1923–1929 Studies the French Academy of Architecture. to be skilled in drawing and painting. receives his PhD in Exact Sciences. a member of what is known as the · 1934–1935 Designs the residential (Barcelona, 1895–1966) Canòdrom Meridiana greyhound at the Barcelona School of Archi- · 1981-1983 He receives the Gold 1962–1966 · 1914 His father, Raimon Torres Begins his professional career win- Generation of 25. · 1921 Receives his building on Padua Street, an exam- racing track. · 1963 With J. Puig tecture (Escola Tècnica Superior Medal for Architecture, awarded by Peabody Terrace Grau, dies prematurely. Jaume Tor- ning a contest for the construction degree from the Madrid School of Ar- ple of modernity. After the Civil War His fi rst works as an architect are in Torné, he designs the Mediterrani d’Arquitectura de Barcelona). · 1927 the Spanish College of Architects, Apartment buildings res Grau, his uncle, a noucentista of inexpensive housing in Valen- chitecture and continues his studies his professional activity falls off the noucentista neo-classical style. building.· 1975–1980 Designs the Travels to Paris where he learns and the Gold Medal of the Generali- at Harvard University (neo-classical revival) architect, tutors cia, doing schools in Madrid and in urban planning at the Bauhaus considerably. · 1926–1929 Does the lobby of the Constitutional Courthouse of the work of Le Corbusier. · 1929 tat de Catalunya. (Cambridge, United States) (1) his education and later on invites Valladolid. · 1931 Works with Walter in Weimar, Germany.. · 1926–1932 Estació de França train station in in Madrid. Finishes his degree and joins the him to join his studio. · 1926–1927 Gropius during a stage in Berlin With Manuel Sánchez Arcas he wins Barcelona and the Graphic Arts Le Corbusier studio. · 1930 Returns Some of Sert’s most 1964 Studies architecture, meeting Josep · 1931–1932 With Fernando García contests for the construction of hos- Palace of the 1929 International Ex- to Barcelona and receives his fi rst representative works: Maeght Foundation Lluís Sert and Sixte Illescas. Travels Mercadal he organizes the Interna- pitals and the Rockefeller Institute Germán position. · 1931–1935 Infl uenced by commissions. The GATCPAC is (Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France) (3) with them to Italy to study master tional Exposition of Modern Schools.. in Madrid, demonstrating the combi- rodríguez Arias Rationalism, he becomes a member constituted and Sert will be its main 1930–1931 painters. · 1929 Finishes his degree · 1932–1938 Becomes an active nation of rationalist principles and (Barcelona, 1902–1987) of the GATCPAC. Basing his designs participant. · 1932 Cofounder of residential building 1966–1971 in architecture. Participates with member and founding director of traditional construction practices. · on rationalist criteria, he designs the ADLAN (Amics de l’Art Nou) [Friends on Muntaner street (Barcelona) Houses at Punta Martinet (Ibiza) Josep Lluís Sert in the exhibition at the GATCPAC. Works with Josep Lluís 1925–1930 Member of the organizing 1929 Takes part in the founding Casa Espona (1934–1935), the Casa of New Art], an initiative that the Galeries Dalmau Arquitectura Sert and Josep Torres Clavé until the committee of the 11th National Con- of the GATCPAC. Travels to Ibiza, Cardenal (1935–1940) and the Can strengthens his ties to the national 1933–1939 1970–1973 nova [New Architecture], with a onset of the Civil War. · 1933 With F. gress for Architecture and the 1st and studies its rural architecture, Móra single-family dwelling (1935). artistic community. Casa Bloc science Center project entitled Planning of a village Garcia Mercadal he designs a project National Congress for Urban Plan- introducing interest in traditional After the Civil War he does architec- · 1936–1939 During the Civil War, With Josep Torres Clavé and Joan Harvard University on the coast, a group of residential for popular beaches in Jarama, Ma- ning. Participates in the creation of architecture into the criteria of the ture infl uenced by the Renaissance. with Luis Lacasa, he designs the Baptista Subirana (Barcelona) (Cambridge, United States) (2) buildings based on novel concepts. drid, inspired in the City of Rest and the College of Architects of Madrid. GATCPAC. · 1930–1931 Designs the Pavilion of the Spanish Republic for · 1930–1937 Participates in the Vacations. · 1934 Participates in cre- Befriends Alberto Sánchez, Federico Rodríguez Arias building, built for the 1937 Paris International Exposi- 1933–1934 1970–1975 founding of the GATEPAC and the ating regional hospital organization García Lorca and Luis Buñuel. Is a his own family. · 1933–1934 Designs ricard ribas tion. While the war lasts in Spain J. roca Jewellery shop Apartments at roosevelt Island and magazine AC, which he comes to policy in Catalonia and does projects founding member of the Alianza the Astoria building, whose facade i seva he remains in exile. · 1939 After the Currently Tous boutique (Barcelona) Yonkers, (New York, United States) direct. Associates with J. L. Sert to renovate and enlarge various de Intelectuales Antifascistas para recalls the style of the Bauhaus.· (Barcelona, 1907–2000) fascist victory, he is prohibited from and J. B. Subirana. Begins his hospitals, some in collaboration la Defensa de la Cultura (Alliance 1935–1940 With Ricardo de Chur- working as an architect in Spain 1972–1975 participation in projects that will with Josep Torres Clavé. · 1939 After of Anti-fascist Intellectuals for the ruca, he designs the group of 1933 Joins the GATCPAC. With Franc- and leaves for the United States Fundació Joan Miró (Barcelona) lead to some of the masterpieces the Civil War he stays in Barcelona, Defence of Culture). · 1928–1932 residential buildings in the block esc Perales, designs a prototype of Catalan rationalist architecture: fi nishing the interrupted projects Designs a new building as a student defi ned by Diagonal, Enric Granados fl ower stall on the Rambla. · 1934 the Macià Plan for Barcelona, the of the GATCPAC and restarting his residence at the University City of and París streets. · 1939 After the Works as a labourer on the prototype Casa Bloc, the Tuberculosis Hospital professional career in spite of two Madrid.. · 1937 Together with Josep Civil War he goes into exile, ending “house and garden” done on Passeig and the City of Rest and Vacations. expulsion orders against him for Lluís Sert he designs the Spanish up in Chile, where he continues de Torras i Bages. · 1935 Designs · 1936–1937 Intensifi es his activity collaborating with the government Pavilion for the Paris International his career and ends up working for the residential building at 166-168 to apply progressive ideas to urban of the Republic. Exposition.. · 1939 With the begin- Pablo Neruda, who commissions Balmes Street, in a clearly rational- planning and architecture. As the ning of the Franco regime Lacasa is him various projects.· 1956 Returns ist style. With the Civil War, political founder of the Union of Architects of punished with the total suspension to Ibiza where he lives and works. positions polarize and he leaves Catalonia, he reorganizes the techni- of his right to work as an architect Spends his fi nal years in Barcelona. the GATCPAC. Also separates from cal services of Barcelona Town Hall, in national territory. Goes into exile certain family members linked to and as the director of the School of to Moscow, where he lives until the Falange. · 1936 Decides to go into Architecture, he renews its ageing his death. exile and lives and works in academic structure. · 1938–1939 He Milan, Paris, Bogotá and Buenos goes to the front during the Spanish Aires· 1949 Marries in Uruguay. Civil War, where he is killed during · 1952 Returns to Spain. (1) (2) (3) the retreat of the Republican army. 44

17 30 37

47 13 12

16 42

19 2 21 34 43

35 9 14 25 45 3 18 33 40 6 38

31 5 15 26 11 4 41 32 39 27 36 8 1 7

24 20 29

22

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23

46

1928 1929 1930 1931 11 1932 1933 20 1934 25 1935 35 39 1936 1937 1938 1975 Casa Ginestà Roca Jewellery Shop Casa Jaume Sans Residential building, Residential building, 1 2 5 7 Jaume Mestres 13 16 Josep Lluís Sert 23 Jaume Mestres 28 Lincoln Street Enric Granados Street 43 44 45 46 Myrurgia Factory Casa Vilaró Casa Viladot Residential building, Av. Gaudí, 44 Casa F. Espona Single family dwelling Passeig de Gràcia, 18 Former SEPU Plaça Molina, 1–7 Cottet Shop Sixte Illescas Sixte Illescas Adaptation of a convent Pavilion of Casa Montepio Fundació Joan Miró Antoni Puig Gairalt Sixte Illescas Jaume Mestres Navas Street Raimon Duran i Reynals Passatge Roserar department store Antoni Audet Lincoln, 42 Enric Granados, 133 for the CENU school the Spanish Republic workers residence Josep Lluís Sert Mallorca, 351 Avinguda Coll de Avinguda Gaudí, 71 Joan Baca 12 Muntaner, 568 Marino Canosa 21 Ricardo de Churruca and 26 Portal de l’Àngel, 40 Antoni Fisas (replicate building) Raimon Duran i Reynals Parc de Montjuïc, s/n Portell, 43 Navas de Tolosa, 240 Single family dwelling Passatge Roserar, 18 Casa Bloc Ricard Ribas Residential Building, 36 40 Larrard, 13 Josep Lluís Sert Fabra i Puig, 43 6 Ricardo de Churruca and Josep Lluís Sert, Joan Rambla dels Estudis, 122 Balmes Street 29 Residential building, Casa Sardañes i Bonet and Luis Lacasa 3 Casa Rodríguez Arias 8 Germán Rodríguez Arias 14 17 Baptista Subirana and Ricard Ribas Residential building Padilla Street Ramon Puig Gairalt Avinguda Cardenal Vidal Casa Josefa López Germán Rodríguez Arias Residential building, Plaça. Mons / Gustavo Blanquerna school Single family dwelling Josep Torres Clavé Balmes, 168 Gran Via 32 Sixte Illescas Déu i Mata, 146 i Barraquer, 34-36 Josep Lluís Sert Via Augusta, 61 Navas Street Bécquer Street buildings Raimon Duran i Reynals Passeig Torras Ricardo de Churruca Casa Cardenal Padilla, 244 Muntaner, 342-348 Juan José Olazábal Jaume Mestres Plaça Jaume II, 8 i Bages, 91-106 Gran Via, 737 Raimon Duran i Reynals 41 Navas de Tolosa, 238 Via Augusta, 140 Roger de Llúria, 132 37 Residential building, 4 18 22 30 Residential building, Viladomat Street Residential building, 9 15 Casa J. Espona Tuberculosis Hospital Residential building, 33 plaça Bonanova Nilo Tusquets Rosselló Street Residential building, Astoria Building Raimon Duran i Reynals Josep Lluís Sert, Joan Iradier Street Residential building, Sixte Illescas Viladomat, 265 Josep Lluís Sert Rector Ubach Street Germán Rodríguez Arias Camp d’en Vidal, 16 Baptista Subirana and Ricardo de Churruca carrer de l’Art Plaça Bonanova / Passeig Rosselló, 36 Antoni Fisas París, 193-199 Josep Torres Clavé Iradier, 3 Antoni de Ferrater de Sant Gervasi 42 47 Rector Ubach, 19 19 Torres i Amat, 8 Art, 2 Residential building, Les Escales Park X Residential building, 24 31 38 Balmes Street Josep Lluís Sert works by 10 Pàdua Street Renovation of Bloc Diagonal 34 Residential building, Josep Soteras Sor Eulàlia d’Anzizu, 46 Josep Lluís Sert Residential building, Sixte Illescas the Chemistry Hall, 27 Ricardo de Churruca and Sant Josep de la Pi i Margall Street Balmes, 371 Jonqueres Street Pàdua, 96 University of Barcelona Renovation of an attic Germán Rodríguez Arias Muntanya Hospital Sixte Illescas X Sixte Illescas Josep Gonzàlez and Josep Lluís Sert Avinguda Diagonal, 419 Antoni Fisas Pi i Margall, 17 works by other Jonqueres Street / Francesc Perales Provença, 269 Sant Josep de GATCPAC members Ortigosa Street Gran Via, 585 la Muntanya, 12

Works 1933–1939 1933–1937 1937. Rebuilt in 1992 1972–1975 Casa Bloc Tuberculosis Pavilion Fundació Hospital of the Republic Joan Miró

Josep Lluís Sert, Josep Torres in Spain. Josep Lluís Sert, Josep Torres setting out parameters that Josep Lluís Sert, Luis Lacasa and exhibiting politically com- Josep Lluís Sert of the symbiosis of Interna- Clavé and Joan Baptista Principles such as functio- Clavé and Joan Baptista have been used in hospitals Year built: 1937. Rebuilt in 1992 mitted work. Despite the diffi- Parc de Montjuïc, s/n tional Style rationalism and Subirana nality, spatial and material Subirana since then. by Antoni Ubach and Miquel culties of the time and the lack 08038 Barcelona Mediterranean architecture. Pg. Torras i Bages, 91–105 economy, socialization and Torres i Amat, 8 The building is laid out as an Espinet Architects and J. M. of material and organizational On the one hand, then, the 08033 Barcelona attention to community were 08001 Barcelona “L”, the two wings set off from Hernández León resources, the pavilion was the Found half-way up the moun- function determines the form expressed in this project, a a communication and service Av. Cardenal Vidal i Barraquer, most important concentration tain of Montjuïc, the Fundació of the building, while the com- Building complex with five paradigm of worker housing. The Central Tuberculosis Hos- axis, marking out a wide exte- 34-36. 08035 Barcelona of Spanish avant-garde art in Joan Miró is one of the most positional scheme is organized apartment blocks for workers, Good natural light, efficient pital (Dispensari Central Anti- rior access space. The layout is history to date. Pablo Picasso of how the pavilion was to be important art centres in the city around a central courtyard commissioned to members of ventilation and the perception tuberculós, in Catalan), located based on hygienist criteria to The Pavilion of the Republic showed Guernica, a representa- walked through, as proposed of Barcelona. Joan Miró sought making up two conceptual the GATCPAC by the Republican of open space are the three ba- in the Raval neighbourhood of optimize conditions of sun and was built to represent the tion of the bombing of the by Sert and Lacasa. While other to open a foundation that would concentric rings. The inside Generalitat in 1932. The Casa sic principles the proposal was featuring the bedrooms. Barcelona, was a commission of ventilation, freeing up a good light conditions. Spanish Republic at the 1937 Basque city on the part of Ger- pavilions at the Exposition, like not be just a container for his ring invites the visitors to has been conceived and defined Bloc was a pilot project to formulated upon. In this way, The blend of rationalist archi- the Ministry of Health and Social part of the lot to ensure a gar- Along with the clarity of the International Exposition in man aviation. Joan Miró did an the German pavilion and that important collection, but also move through the building, to explain the exhibited work. resolve one of the key problems project decisions such as the tecture and Mediterranean Assistance of the Republican dened area and the rationaliza- layout, a direct feature of Paris. The content of the pavilion in situ mural on an inside wall of of the USSR, competed to prove be able to present temporary and the exterior ring marks The relationship between of the city of Barcelona during layout in the open city block, vernacular architecture is the Generalitat, and was part of the tion of the functional concept. its functional program, the had a double goal: first, to de- the pavilion, called The Reaper who could be the largest and exhibitions of other artists and out the exhibition spaces. The the interior and the exterior, the twentieth century: shanty the elimination of interior ven- most significant contribution campaign against tuberculosis. In the lateral wing various constructive idea features a nounce the situation of the Civil (Catalan Peasant in Revolt), most spectacular, the Pavilion become a centre for cultural museum is a fine example between the museum and its towns and poor living conditi- tilation shafts or the placement of the GATCPAC to the Inter- The Hospital sums up all the services and rooms are placed metallic structure in porticos War devastating the country; which disappeared with the of the Spanish Republic put the agitation, serving as a platform of how to guide the visitor’s surroundings, is so strong that ons of the most needy. of the main rooms to enhance national Style. This is seen in postulates and ideological as- linearly, with the corridor differentiated from the closures. and second, to seek out inter- demolition of the pavilion itself. emphasis on the unique talent to spread knowledge of emer- experience using architectural it is difficult to know where the Now considered a symbol their orientation respond to the Casa Bloc project both in pirations its designers had set accessing them given the least These latter were resolved with national alliances to defend the The building features the combi- and unarguable power of its ging young art. strategies and features. The limits lie. Along with this, great of rationalist architecture these three principles. the design of the spaces and in out and developed in isolation favourable orientation. In the light modular elements and Republic from the fascists. For nation of functionalist principles artists. In 1992 a replica of the The Foundation is an artistic combination of single height effort has been made to let in Barcelona, it represents a The Casa Bloc apartments are construction techniques. until then. It combines the use wing set across from the en- the use of new materials such this reason various well-known and the Mediterranean character pavilion was built in Barcelona’s institution that was conceived and double height spaces and natural light into all the exhibi- new way of conceiving social organized as duplexes, with a of new materials (iron, glass trance there is an auditorium as iron moulding and glass artists were invited, such that typifies Sert’s work. The Vall d’Hebron neighbourhood. It as a shared venture of the the opening of visual perspec- tion spaces in the building. This housing. It also applied new lower floor for daytime activity bricks) with respect for local in a preferential location. brick walls. as Pablo Picasso, Joan Miró, influence of Le Corbusier comes currently is the location of the artist Joan Miró and the archi- tives and axes between various becomes immediately clear by ideas and solutions that were (kitchen, sink for clothes wash- construction traditions. It is a With its smooth parabolic vault Julio González, Alberto (Alberto to the fore, with his idea of CRAI Library of the Pavilion of tect Josep Lluís Sert. spaces in the same museum looking up, with the building’s already present in some parts ing, bathroom, dining room health services building with a it serves as a model and is Sánchez Pérez) and Alexander the architectural promenade, the Spanish Republic, University Josep Lluís Sert’s last great pro- means the visitor unknowingly roof featuring a great many of Europe but still unknown and terrace) and an upper floor modern, innovative conception, studied for its acoustic and Calder, with the idea of creating incorporated into the design of Barcelona. ject is one of the best examples ends up following a route that vaulted skylights.