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Erosion and Sediment Control Manual

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Erosion and Sediment Control Manual GOVERNMENT OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION - EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL MANUAL THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY. VERSION HISTORY Version No. Date Description PREFACE This manual provides guidelines for analysis, design, construction, and maintenance of erosion and sediment control systems for transportation construction projects in the Northwest Territories (NWT). This document was developed with the intent that it would provide a convenient and comprehensive resource and a rational basis for the design of erosion and sediment control systems. It is intended primarily for use by design consultants but also provides valuable information for contractors and field personnel. It is intended to assist and provide direction in the analysis and design of erosion and sediment control structures, but is not intended to preclude innovative or alternative designs. This manual was adapted for use in the NWT from the Alberta Ministry of Transportation’s Erosion and Sediment Control Manual (Alberta Transportation 2011). The intent is for the manual to reflect the climatic and biophysical conditions that influence the processes of erosion and sedimentation in the NWT, in order to design and implement erosion and sediment control in a way that reflects conditions in the territory. Continuing comment is essential to the regular updating of this document and feedback is welcome. Periodic updates and revisions will be undertaken in response to user feedback, changes in technology, regulatory requirements and many other factors. The most current version of this document will be posted on the Government of the Northwest Territories Department of Transportation (GNWT-DOT) website (www.gov.nt.ca). Inquiries, suggestions for revisions or additions, and comments may be sent to the Planning, Policy and Environment Division, Government of the Northwest Territories, Transportation, PPE, P.O. Box 1320, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2I9. GNWT-DOT thanks all those who have contributed to the development of this document. Special thanks are expressed to Alberta Transportation and Don Snider, Manager of Transportation Projects and Environmental Services, in particular, who agreed to provide the Alberta ESC manual to the GNWT to form the basis of the current volume. GNWT-DOT also extends its gratitude to the Department of Fisheries and Oceans for its willingness to review and comment on this document during development. The manual was adapted for the GNWT-DOT by Summit Environmental Consultants Inc. of Yellowknife, NT. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Objectives................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.3 Document Disclaimer ............................................................................................... 1-2 1.4 Selected Key Terms and Acronyms .......................................................................... 1-2 2.0 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Federal Legislation ................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Navigable Waters Protection Act ................................................................... 2-1 2.1.2 Fisheries Act ................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1.3 Canada National Parks Act ........................................................................... 2-2 2.2 Territorial Legislation ................................................................................................ 2-3 2.2.1 Mackenzie Valley Resource Management Act .............................................. 2-3 2.2.2 Mackenzie Valley Land Use Regulations ...................................................... 2-3 2.2.3 Northwest Territories Waters Act .................................................................. 2-4 2.2.4 Northwest Territories Water Regulations ....................................................... 2-4 2.2.5 Type A and Type B Water Licences .............................................................. 2-4 2.2.6 Environmental Protection Act ........................................................................ 2-5 2.3 Due Diligence ........................................................................................................... 2-6 3.0 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ............................. 3-1 3.1 Government of the Northwest Territories – Department of Transportation (GNWT- DOT) Requirements ................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1.1 Design Engineer/Technician Responsibility – Permanent Erosion and Sediment Control (PESC) Plans (Design Phase) .......................................... 3-1 3.2 Overview of Preparation of Erosion and Sediment Control Plans ............................. 3-2 4.0 EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION PROCESS ................................................................. 4-1 4.1 Mechanics of Erosion ............................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 Types of Water Erosion ............................................................................................ 4-2 4.3 Factors Affecting Erosion .......................................................................................... 4-3 4.3.1 General ......................................................................................................... 4-3 4.3.2 Climate ......................................................................................................... 4-3 4.3.3 Soil Characteristics ....................................................................................... 4-5 4.3.4 Vegetative Cover on Soil ............................................................................... 4-9 4.3.5 Topography ................................................................................................. 4-10 5.0 SITE ASSESSMENT ......................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 General .................................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1.1 Review of Construction Drawings.................................................................. 5-1 5.1.2 Geotechnical Investigation Reports ............................................................... 5-2 5.1.3 Aerial Photography/Imagery Review ............................................................. 5-3 5.1.4 Surficial Geology Maps ................................................................................. 5-3 5.1.5 Vegetative Cover Maps ................................................................................. 5-3 5.1.6 Floodplain Information ................................................................................... 5-4 5.1.7 Site Inspection (Data Collection) ................................................................... 5-4 GNWT – Department of Transportation, January 2013 TOC-i TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.1.8 Risk Assessment .......................................................................................... 5-5 5.1.9 Consultation with Regulatory Agencies ......................................................... 5-7 6.0 SITE EROSION POTENTIAL AND EVALUATION ............................................................ 6-1 6.1 General .................................................................................................................... 6-1 6.2 Regional Erosion Potential Issues ............................................................................ 6-2 6.3 Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) ....................................................... 6-7 6.3.1 Rainfall Factor, R .......................................................................................... 6-8 6.3.2 Soil Erodibility Factor, K .............................................................................. 6-10 6.3.2.1 Estimation of K ............................................................................. 6-10 6.3.2.2 Soil Erodibility Adjustment Factor (ØK) .......................................... 6-11 6.3.3 Topographic Factor, LS ............................................................................... 6-11 6.3.3.1 Estimation of LS ........................................................................... 6-11 6.3.3.2 Topographic Adjustment Factor (ØLS) ........................................... 6-13 6.3.4 Vegetation and Management Factor, C ....................................................... 6-13 6.3.5 Support Practice Factor, P (Practice Factor) ............................................... 6-13 6.4 Empirical Methods for Sediment Storage/Impoundment Design ............................. 6-14 6.5 Examples for Estimating Site Erosion Potential ...................................................... 6-14 6.6 Site Evaluation ....................................................................................................... 6-14 6.6.1 Slope Analysis Summary ............................................................................ 6-15 6.6.2 Drainage Analysis
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