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Exploring Types of Linguistic Deviations in the Poem Adonais

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Exploring Types of Linguistic Deviations in the Poem Adonais Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in Exploring Types of Linguistic Deviations in the Poem Adonais Sohaila Abbas M.Phil Student (English Literature and Linguistics) Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University Quetta, Pakistan. Abstract: The present study makes an attempt to Crystal (2003) defines discourse as utterance set explore the types of linguistics deviations and the that occurs in any speech event. Discourse is the reasons for the usage of linguistic deviations by the language usage either in written or spoken form for poet P. B. Shelley in his poem Adonais. Linguistic the production of meaning. All the above deviations embody stylistic beauty to the writing. It definitions collectively mean that language in use is also a distinct way of analyzing discourse. The is called discourse. poem has been analyzed based on the theory of linguistic deviations which has been proposed by Cook (1989) states that the search which facilitates Leech in 1969. Literary works always contain discourse with coherence is called discourse certain linguistic deviations. This research only analysis. Discourse analysis studies the spoken or takes the poem Adonais. The linguistic deviation written language in relation to its social and theory revolves around eight types of deviations. psychological context. It constructs a bond The study has found out that Adonais contains six between language and the context in which types of linguistic deviations out of the eight language is utilized. Every writer has his/her own proposed by Leech. The study concludes that there peculiar style of writing. Turner (1973) states that are several reasons for using linguistic deviations. style is the way in which a person expresses Linguistic deviations are used for abrogating the himself by speaking or writing (i. e. style is ‘what regular grammatical and syntactic rules, they are grammar leaves out’). Style refers to usage of used to enhance aesthetic sense and express language in a manner that varies from person to certain emotions. They are also used to create new person. Style can be deemed as a distinctive use of words. The study has been accessed through language which differs from one to another. textual analysis in a qualitative mode of inquiry. Stylistics is the study of style. Turner (1973) Textual analysis has further been specified to deems stylistics as domain of linguistics that content analysis and the data is analyzed using emphasizes on the variations in language use. It descriptive method. The theoretical framework that places its focus on the use of language in literature. supports the study is linguistic deviation theory of Stylistics is the study of style which is very Leech (1969). The study ends up discovering the organized and systematic. The variations in types of linguistic deviations and the reasons for language use are the root cause of linguistics their use in the poem Adonais by P. B. Shelley. deviations. Linguistics deviation is a creative Key words: Linguistic Deviation, Leech, manner of using language in a way that is distinct Discourse, Stylistics, Adonais from everyday speech. Leech (1969) claims that linguistic deviation paves the way for the creation of interesting elements and surprise. Deviations can be of various forms-phonological, INTRODUCTION grammatical, lexical, semantic etc. any sort of linguistic or social deviation from a set norm is 1.1. Introduction: referred to as foregrounding. Foregrounding resembles a situation in which a picture is viewed Discourse is a word that explores structures of against a background. Linguistic deviations have language beyond the sentence level. It exists in two been incorporated by many writers and poets in forms-written and spoken. Ochs & Shieffeline their works in order to make their work more (1983) declare that discourse is a sequence that inventive and creative in nature. The use of interacts between two or more speakers. Language linguistic deviations, in fact, makes the writing when used is regarded as discourse (Brown & style of each writer different from the other. Yule, 1983). Carter (1993) defines discourse as a term that is parallel to text. Generally speaking, The present study transpires to explore the types of discourse is spoken or written stretch of language. linguistic deviations inculcated in the poem Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 1704 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in Adonais written by P. B. Shelley in 1821. Adonais The study also informs the readers the reason why is a poem that was written as an elegy to mourn the linguistic deviations have been incorporated into death of John Keats, a friend of Shelley. Shelley the poem Adonais. This is a linguistic analysis of adopted “Adonais” the title of the poem from the poem Adonais. “Adonis”, the Greek mythical character believed to 1.6. Delimitations: have conquered the heart of Aphrodite, the goddess The current study is delimited to the exploration of of love. Adonais is celebrated as the poem of linguistic deviations in one of the poems Adonais Shelley that is perfect in its form, use of written by Shelley. The study is accessed by the Spenserian stanza and imagery. The poem is qualitative mode of inquiry which is further divided into fifty five Spenserian stanza. The specified to content analysis in textual analysis. youthful death of Keats left many grieved and The study uses Leech’s theory of linguistic mourning like Shelley. Shelley expresses his grief deviation (1969) as its theoretical framework. Data and sorrow for Keats’ death in the composition of analysis has been executed by descriptive method his poem Adonais. This poem capture the rank of as the data has been described in words. being finest and most sublime among the English elegies. LITERATURE REVIEW Shelley considered Keats’ death a lose that was irreplaceable for nature and poetry. The current 2.1. Discourse and Discourse Analysis: study is supported by the theory of linguistic In linguistics, discourse refers to an in depth study deviations proposed by Leech in 1969 and follows of sentence structure be it written or spoken. a qualitative mode of inquiry. Discourse is the meaningful use of language, it is the use of language for communication in either 1.2. Research Objectives: written or spoken form. Once discourse is analyzed To explore the types of linguistic in relation to the context in which it is carried out deviations that have been used in the poem is called discourse analysis. It does not exclusively Adonais by P. B. Shelley. concentrate on texts of different types, but also the spoken language in conversations and talks. Carter To discover the purpose of incorporating (1993) opines that discourse analysis is a novel linguistic deviations in the poem Adonais. domain of linguistics that seeks to illustrate the irregularities and irregularities in sentences which 1.3. Research Questions: cannot be comprehended at grammatical level. He is of the view that discourse analysis concerns the What are the types of linguistic deviations exploration of language beyond sentence which have been used in the poem Adonais by P. boundaries to form an understanding of B. Shelley? organizations of texts. Discourse analysis is an What is the purpose of incorporating investigation of language use in all possible forms linguistic deviations in the poem Adonais? and functions. It not only probes the social function of language, but also unveils how texts 1.4. Significance of the Research: have been constructed in appropriate form that is Adonais is the poem that constitutes a number of the expression of both thought and experience different types of linguistic deviations. The (Yule, 1996). Grenoble (2000) mentions that researcher tries to unearth what types of linguistic discourse analysis demands a comprehensive deviations have been integrated into the poem by knowledge of understanding language. using Leech’s theory of linguistic deviations Comprehensive knowledge not only refers to (1969), and why have they been incorporated. The competency in speaking, but literary and social study is significant as it will give us a linguistic traditions’ understanding. She furthermore states analysis of the poem from stylistic point of view. It that a thorough analysis of discourse requires also casts light on the writing style of P. B. Shelley command on phonetics, syntax, pragmatics, and the creative elements he has used in his poem. semantics, paralinguistic features and knowledge of real world. 1.5. Statement of the Problem: 2.2. Introduction to Style and Stylistics: It has been observed that the use of language varies Style generally refers to different types of activities greatly from one person to another. The reason that executed by human beings. It can be an individual demarcates distinctions in writing style of different characteristic, a variant personality, a fashion mode authors or poets is the incorporation of linguistic or living manner. Style refers to the way one deviations in their writings. The current study expresses himself through speaking or writing explores the types of linguistic deviations (Turner, 1973). Wale in 1990 (as cited in embodied in the poem Adonais by P. B. Shelley. Missikova, 2003) states that style is a language Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 1705 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in variation used for literary or non-literary purpose. They came up with the reason that why It is the sum total of those linguistic features which phonological deviations have been used and how prove to be the characteristics of authors. It also they reflect Dickens’ philosophy and style in refers to the selection of items, the way they are presenting class distinction in the novel. The result distributed and arranged into patterns.
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