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Naming the Extrasolar Planets
Naming the extrasolar planets W. Lyra Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K¨onigstuhl 17, 69177, Heidelberg, Germany [email protected] Abstract and OGLE-TR-182 b, which does not help educators convey the message that these planets are quite similar to Jupiter. Extrasolar planets are not named and are referred to only In stark contrast, the sentence“planet Apollo is a gas giant by their assigned scientific designation. The reason given like Jupiter” is heavily - yet invisibly - coated with Coper- by the IAU to not name the planets is that it is consid- nicanism. ered impractical as planets are expected to be common. I One reason given by the IAU for not considering naming advance some reasons as to why this logic is flawed, and sug- the extrasolar planets is that it is a task deemed impractical. gest names for the 403 extrasolar planet candidates known One source is quoted as having said “if planets are found to as of Oct 2009. The names follow a scheme of association occur very frequently in the Universe, a system of individual with the constellation that the host star pertains to, and names for planets might well rapidly be found equally im- therefore are mostly drawn from Roman-Greek mythology. practicable as it is for stars, as planet discoveries progress.” Other mythologies may also be used given that a suitable 1. This leads to a second argument. It is indeed impractical association is established. to name all stars. But some stars are named nonetheless. In fact, all other classes of astronomical bodies are named. -
The Streak of Sadness in Keats' Poetry: Understanding Meaning
The streak of sadness in Keats’ poetry: understanding meaning through his structures and lexis Dr. Sukanya Saha VSWC, Chennai Tamilnadu India Abstract Keats‟ short and tragic life left him with fewer options to enjoy and celebrate the colours of nature and fruits of love. His odes communicate a host of emotions which strived to find expression. Keats‟ preoccupation with self, his fear of pain and death, his unfulfilled desires of love, his tendency to escape from the agonising present to nature or to a world of fancy are some predominant emotions which find their place in different forms in his poetry. Through all his odes, there runs a streak of sadness which connects his odes in a very eloquent manner. The sorrow reverberates throughout his odes in different fashion and haunts the reader in the same way as it haunted Keats himself. Keats‟ poetry has been a subject of appreciation and criticism both. The genuineness with which he voiced his feelings capture attention. Keats did not obscure his writing by adding complex tropes or intellectual allusions and employing intricate structures. Agreeable rhythmic patterns, simplistic structures and lexis retain interest and are prime reason for the admiration of his odes. The present paper studies the theme of sadness in Keats‟ odes. As we go through his famous odes we understand how his world was revolving around his lone self, its fears, desires and wishes. We also understand the way he handled sadness and pain and wished to escape repeatedly. The paper is an attempt to observe the structure and lexis of his odes and understand a connection between his style and theme. -
The Poetry of John Keats: Lamia, Endymion, Poems 1817, and Poems 1820
Keats’ Poetry: 4 Books The poetry of John Keats: Lamia, Endymion, Poems 1817, and Poems 1820 AN ELECTRONIC CLASSICS SERIES PUBLICATION Keats’ Poetry: 4 Books by John Keats is a publication of The Electronic Classics Series. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State University nor Jim Manis, Editor, nor anyone associated with the Pennsylvania State Uni- versity assumes any responsibility for the material con- tained within the document or for the file as an elec- tronic transmission, in any way. Keats’ Poetry: 4 Books by John Keats, The Electronic Classics Series, Jim Manis, Editor, PSU-Hazleton, Hazleton, PA 18202 is a Portable Document File pro- duced as part of an ongoing publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them. Jim Manis is a faculty member of the English Department of The Pennsylvania State University. This page and any preceding page(s) are restricted by copyright. The text of the following pages are not copyrighted within the United States; however, the fonts used may be. Cover Design: Jim Manis Copyright © 2010 - 2012 The Pennsylvania State University is an equal opportunity university. Contents LAMIA .................................................... 6 ENDYMION: ....................................... 27 PREFACE..................................................................28 -
Chthonic Aspects of Macdonald's Phantastes: from the Rising of The
Chthonic Aspects of MacDonald’s Phantastes: From the Rising of the Goddess to the Anodos of Anodos Fernando Soto The Herios was a woman’s festival. Plutarch of course could not be present at the secret ceremonies of the Thyaiades, but his friend Thyia, their president, would tell him all a man might know . From the rites known to him he promptly conjectured that it was a “Bringing up of Semele.” Semele, it is acknowledged, is but a Thraco-Phrygian form of Gaia, The “Bringing up of Semele” is but the Anodos of Gala or of Kore the Earth Maiden. It is the Return of the vegetation or Year-Spirit in the spring. (Jane Harrison, Themis 416) 1. Introduction and General Backgrounds hantastes is one of the most mysterious books George MacDonald wrote andP one of the least understood books in the English tradition. Since its publication in 1858, reviewers, readers and researchers have experienced great difficulties understanding the meaning of this complex work.The perceived impediments have been so great that some scholars remain unsure whether Phantastes contains a coherent plot or structure (Reis 87, 89, 93-94; Robb 85, 97; etc.). Other critics appear adamant that it contains neither (Wolff 50; Manlove, Modern 55, 71, 77, 79; England 65, 93, 122). Even those scholars who sense a structure or perceive a plot differ not only regarding the types of structure(s) and/or plot(s) they acknowledge (Docherty 17-22; McGillis “Community” 51-63; Gunther “First Two” 32-42), but in deciding into what, if any, genres or traditions Phantastes belongs (Prickett, “Bildungsroman” 109-23; Docherty 19, 23, 30, McGillis, “Femininity” 31-45; etc.). -
Keats Essay Ode to Psyche October 2015 Final
1 Keats, Myth, and the Science of Sympathy Gregory Tate Keywords: Keats, ‘Ode to Psyche’, science, medicine, sympathy, myth Abstract This essay considers the connections between myth and sympathy in Keats’s poetic theory and practice. It argues that the ‘Ode to Psyche’ exemplifies the way in which Keats uses mythological narrative, and the related trope of apostrophe, to promote a restrained form of sympathy, which preserves an objectifying distance between the poet and the feelings that his poetry examines. This model of sympathy is informed by Keats’s medical training: the influential surgeon Astley Cooper and The Hospital Pupil’s Guide (1816) both identify a sensitive but restrained sympathy for patients’ suffering as an essential part of the scientific and professional methods of nineteenth- century medicine. However, while The Hospital Pupil’s Guide claims that mythological superstition has been superseded in medicine by positivist science, Keats’s ode suggests that myth retains a central role in poetry, as the foundation of a poetic method that mediates between imaginative sympathy and objective impartiality. In an 1843 biography of Sir Astley Cooper, one of Cooper’s students, Benjamin Travers, comments of the eminent surgeon that Neither his temperament nor his education had endowed him with a sensitiveness which in any degree disqualified him for the performance of his professional duties on the most trying occasions. In other words, he possessed an insusceptibility, equal to his powers of physical endurance. I mention this to meet the imputation of want of sensitiveness, with which I have heard him 2 reproached. He was not deficient in feeling, although it flowed in a deeper current, out of the reach of ordinary circumstances.1 Travers insists that there was no ‘want of sensitiveness’ in Cooper’s treatment of patients; the professional surgeon was also a man of feeling. -
Dialogical Odes by John Keats: Mythologically Revisited
ISSN 1799-2591 Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 4, No. 8, pp. 1730-1734, August 2014 © 2014 ACADEMY PUBLISHER Manufactured in Finland. doi:10.4304/tpls.4.8.1730-1734 Dialogical Odes by John Keats: Mythologically Revisited Somayyeh Hashemi Department of English, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran Bahram Kazemian Department of English, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran Abstract—This paper, using Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of dialogism tries to investigate the indications of dialogic voice in Odes by John Keats. Indeed this study goes through the dialogic reading of ‘Ode to a Nightingale’, ‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’, ‘Ode to Psyche’, and ‘Ode on Melancholy’, considering mythological outlooks. Analyzing Keats’s odes through dialogical perspective may reveal that Keats plays a role of an involved and social poet of his own time. Moreover, Keats embraces the world of fancy and imagination to free himself from sufferings of his society. Keats’ odes are influenced by expression of pain-joy reality by which he builds up a dialogue with readers trying to display his own political and social engagement. Applying various kinds of mythological elements and figures within the odes may disclose Keats’s historical response and reaction toward a conflicted society and human grieves in general. Index Terms—Bakhtinian dialogism, Keats’ Odes, pain, pleasure, mythology I. INTRODUCTION John Keats as one of the major poets of Romanticism, composed multiple popular poems and his odes gained the most attention of them. Going through his odes, it appears to the reader that Keats attempts to deal with different interpretation of pain and pleasure concepts. -
John Keats 1 John Keats
John Keats 1 John Keats John Keats Portrait of John Keats by William Hilton. National Portrait Gallery, London Born 31 October 1795 Moorgate, London, England Died 23 February 1821 (aged 25) Rome, Italy Occupation Poet Alma mater King's College London Literary movement Romanticism John Keats (/ˈkiːts/; 31 October 1795 – 23 February 1821) was an English Romantic poet. He was one of the main figures of the second generation of Romantic poets along with Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley, despite his work only having been in publication for four years before his death.[1] Although his poems were not generally well received by critics during his life, his reputation grew after his death, so that by the end of the 19th century he had become one of the most beloved of all English poets. He had a significant influence on a diverse range of poets and writers. Jorge Luis Borges stated that his first encounter with Keats was the most significant literary experience of his life.[2] The poetry of Keats is characterised by sensual imagery, most notably in the series of odes. Today his poems and letters are some of the most popular and most analysed in English literature. Biography Early life John Keats was born in Moorgate, London, on 31 October 1795, to Thomas and Frances Jennings Keats. There is no clear evidence of his exact birthplace.[3] Although Keats and his family seem to have marked his birthday on 29 October, baptism records give the date as the 31st.[4] He was the eldest of four surviving children; his younger siblings were George (1797–1841), Thomas (1799–1818), and Frances Mary "Fanny" (1803–1889) who eventually married Spanish author Valentín Llanos Gutiérrez.[5] Another son was lost in infancy. -
Fate and Death Through a Daimonic Lens
FATE AND DEATH THROUGH A DAIMONIC LENS FATE AND DEATH THROUGH A DAIMONIC LENS By JASON SOLOMON BINDER, B.A.Sc., B.A. Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts McMaster University © Copyright by Jason Solomon Binder, September 2014 MA Thesis – J. Binder; McMaster University – Classics. McMaster University MASTER OF ARTS (2014) Hamilton, Ontario (Classics) TITLE: Fate and Death through a Daimonic Lens AUTHOR: Jason Solomon Binder, B.A.Sc., B.A. (McMaster University) SUPERVISOR: Dr. Sean Corner NUMBER OF PAGES: vi, 101 ii MA Thesis – J. Binder; McMaster University – Classics. Abstract This thesis is concerned with the ancient Greek conceptualization of fate and death, as explored through the figure of the daimon in literature from Homer and Hesiod to Plato and Euripides. Filling a gap in scholarship, I elucidate the spectrum of meaning inherent in the word daimon, and how it shifts over time. From the Archaic to the Classical period the word daimon is found as a synonym for theos, “god”, as a vocative address, or in reference to “fate” and the generalized “will of heaven.” At the same time, a particular group of divine personifications, including Thanatos, Moira, Ker, and Erinys are counted as daimones. We also find the term used to designate unnamed but individuated lesser divinities, guardian spirits, and demonic possessors, and even as the divine aspect of the self. In the early Archaic poets these latter categories are only nascent. The individuated daimon becomes the focus of the lyric poets and pre-Socratic philosophers; in the later pre-Socratics the daimon begins to be internalized, moving from possessive spirit to psychic force. -
Unit -4 Alastor : Shelley
Unit -4 qqq Alastor : Shelley Structure 4.0 Brief Note on Shelley. 4.1 About Alastor : Composition 4.2 Theme 4.2.1 Shelley’s idea of love 4.2.2 Critical Analysis 4.2.3 Allegorical Significance 4.4 Sample Questions 4.5 Recommended Reading 4.0 qqq BRIEF NOTE ABOUT SHELLEY Bora in 1792, Percy Bysshe Shelley was the only son of an aristocratic family. After his initial schooling at Eton, an exclusive public school, Shelley went to University College, Oxford in 1810, from which he was expelled the following year for having written and circulated an essay entitled The Necessity of Atheism. He also went against the wishes of his family by marrying a sixteen year old girl, Harriet Westbrook. This marriage however broke down in 1814, and Shelley eloped to the continent with his new love, Mary Godwin, who was then only seventeen years old. Two years later in 1816, Shelley published his first mature poem, Alastor. 4.1 qqq ABOUT ALASTQR ; COMPOSITION Alastor, Mary Shelley wrote in a “Note” on the poem, was composed by the poet after she, Shelley, and two of their friends Charles Clairmont and Thomas Love Peacock - had come back from a boating trip up the river. Thames is August- September 1815. The date mentioned in the “Preface” to the poem is December 14, 1815, and this is very probably the date on which Shelley flushed his poem. It was finally published in February 1816 tohether with a number of other poems in a volume entitled Alastor; or, the Spirit of Solitinde : and older Poems. -
Romanticism in English Poetry
ROMANTICISM IN ENGLISH POETRY A MLiCT AHfMOTATeO BiaUOQRAPHV SUBMITTtp m PARTIAL FULFH-MENT FOR TNf AWARD OF THE OCQflEE OF of librarp aiili itifarmation i^tteme 19t344 Roll Mo. t3 LSM-17 EnroliMM No. V-1432 Undsr th* SuparvMon of STBD MUSTIIFIIUIDI (READER) DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY A INFORMATION SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 1994~ AIAB ^ **' r •^, '-fcv DS2708 DEDICATED TO MY LATE MOTHER CONTENTS page Acknowl edg&a&it ^ Scope and Methodology iii PART - I introduction 1 PART - II Annotated Bibliography ^^ List of Periodicals 113 PART - III Author index ^-^^ Title index 124 (i) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my sincere and earnest thanks to my teacher and Supervisor . kr» S. Mustafa Zaidi, who inspite of his many pre-occupations spared his precious time to guide and inspire me at each and every step/ during the course of this investigation. His deep critical understanding of the problem helped me in conpiling this bibliography. I am highly indebted to eminent teacher professor Mohd. sabir Husain, Chairman/ Department of Liberary & Information Science/ Aligarh Muslim University Allgarh for the encourage ment that I have always received from him during the period I have been associated with the department of Library Science. I am also highly grateful to the respected teachers of my Department Mr. Al-Muzaffar Khan, Reader, Mr. shabahat Husain, Reader/ Mr. Ifasan zamarrud. Reader. They extended their full cooperation in all aspects, whatever I needed. I am also thankful to the Library staff of Maulana Azad Library, A.M.U., Aligarh, Seminar Library Department of English, AMU Aligarh, for providing all facilities that I needed for my work. -
A Dictionary of Mythology —
Ex-libris Ernest Rudge 22500629148 CASSELL’S POCKET REFERENCE LIBRARY A Dictionary of Mythology — Cassell’s Pocket Reference Library The first Six Volumes are : English Dictionary Poetical Quotations Proverbs and Maxims Dictionary of Mythology Gazetteer of the British Isles The Pocket Doctor Others are in active preparation In two Bindings—Cloth and Leather A DICTIONARY MYTHOLOGYOF BEING A CONCISE GUIDE TO THE MYTHS OF GREECE AND ROME, BABYLONIA, EGYPT, AMERICA, SCANDINAVIA, & GREAT BRITAIN BY LEWIS SPENCE, M.A. Author of “ The Mythologies of Ancient Mexico and Peru,” etc. i CASSELL AND COMPANY, LTD. London, New York, Toronto and Melbourne 1910 ca') zz-^y . a k. WELLCOME INS77Tint \ LIBRARY Coll. W^iMOmeo Coll. No. _Zv_^ _ii ALL RIGHTS RESERVED INTRODUCTION Our grandfathers regarded the study of mythology as a necessary adjunct to a polite education, without a knowledge of which neither the classical nor the more modem poets could be read with understanding. But it is now recognised that upon mythology and folklore rests the basis of the new science of Comparative Religion. The evolution of religion from mythology has now been made plain. It is a law of evolution that, though the parent types which precede certain forms are doomed to perish, they yet bequeath to their descendants certain of their characteristics ; and although mythology has perished (in the civilised world, at least), it has left an indelible stamp not only upon modem religions, but also upon local and national custom. The work of Fruger, Lang, Immerwahr, and others has revolutionised mythology, and has evolved from the unexplained mass of tales of forty years ago a definite and systematic science. -
Ode to a Clothes Peg It Hasn't Evolved Much from the Humble Forked Twig
Ode to a Clothes Peg It hasn’t evolved much from the humble forked twig or a single finger of pine whittled into a split pin that gripped britches and bloomers between its loins to the pair of lightweight plastic opposable thumbs hinged by a fusewire spring, or the toothless baby croc that bites down on a nylon washing line. I’m staging this thought at the rotary dryer trying to conjure Keats, wondering whether he offered his small hands to the salty ropes or coughed stipples of blood on the white sail while the brig’s bowsprit needled for Rome. The pegs in this peg-bag (stitched in the shape of a saucy scullery maid) were handed down like the bony relics of women saints and I’ll guess have never been touched by a man until now; mouthy car-horns summoned a terrace of wives to their doors and out they came, flustered and vexed, extending the wooden props, masting clean sheets into the April air so husbands and feckless sons could nose their Ford Cortinas along the street. The wide afternoon skies were pinned with clouds the colour and shape of death masks and shrouds. Simon Armitage Written to commemorate the bicentenary of the composition of John Keats’ six famous odes, Ode to Psyche, Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode on Melancholy, Ode on Indolence, and To Autumn. Among his greatest works, the poems are also some of the most famous in the English Language. .