E CAMPBELTH F LERAGO L S CROS T KILBRIDEA S 3 14 .

IV. THE CAMPBELL OP LERAGS CROSS AT KILBRIDE, NEAR OBAN, WITH A NOTE ON CROSS-HEADS OP LATE MEDIEVAL DATE IN THE WEST HIGHLANDS. BY JAMES S. RICHARDSON, P.S.A. SCOT., CURATO MUSEUME TH P RO .

Quit enumbea f free-standino r g crosse d detachean s d cross-headf so late mediaeval date bearing representation e Crucifixioth f o s n survivn ei mainlane th islandd dan Argyllf so . The Campbel f Lerago l s Crosimportann a s i s r t fo example y la t I . more than two centuries, in three fragments, on graves on the south side of the ruined church in the kirkyard of Kilbride.1 It has recently been assemble erected da conspicuouan n do s positio soute th n he no sidth f eo roadway that passes through Glen Mid Lorn to the northern shore of Loch Feochaii. The site chosen is 230 yards north-east of the kirkyard, and 200 yards north of a small mound called Bealach-an-t-sleuch-daidh,2 which local tradition affirms was where the cross formerly stood. The crosf greenish-coloureo s si d schist belongd disc-headee an , th o st d class. It bears the date 1516, and is sculptured on both sides in low relief within an outlining margin, but the carving is worn in places, owing to e fragmentth s lyinlona r g gfo e groun perioth beind n o ddan g trodden upon. Set in its modern base, the cross stands 10 feet 3 inches high a shafe Th t . taper2) d (figsan s 1 .fro inche5 m1 s wid 3y ^eb inches thick inche 1 base 1 th o e t t s a widinche3 y eb s neck e thicmeasuree th Th t k.a - ment acros arm e fee2 s th inches s 3 ti s , eacbeinm har g equa one-thiro lt d of the diameter of the disc, a proportion greater than in other examples of this type.

1 From a note made circa 1700 by Master Colin Campbell, Minister of Ardchattan, Argyll, from 1664 to 1726, in the possession of his descendant, Angus M. Gregorson, Esq., 17 Cornwall Street, Edinburgh— "Inscription of a Crosse sometyme standing on the highway eastward from Kilbryd in Lorn t •wabu ,s broke thren i e piece lyind s an graven ge Kiro th f Kilbryde o kn si . Archibaldus Campbell, etc." The cros s re-erectewa s d unde e supervisioth r e Ancienth f no t Monuments Department, H.M. Office of Works, and is now a scheduled monument. O.S. 6-inch map, Argyll, Sheet 110, N.E. 1 A Gaelic designation signifying the place of prostration. Mr Dugald M'lsaac of Oban, who first called my attention to the cross, has informed me that Bealach-an-t-sleuch-daidh is by the d roadol ,n a sidrunnin f eo a coasg se t fro Gallanacha e t mth , which crosse e presensth t road about 200 yards north of the entrance to the graveyard, and goes east by south away to the Lowlands. actuae Th 3 l length-o stone fee1 th 1 finches 6 ts ei . 144 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , JANUAR , 1927Y10 .

Following precedent monumene th , s beeha tn erected wit s fronit h t facing the west. On this side a representation of the Crucified Saviour

Lerage FigTh . s1 . Cross, Kilbride, Argyll (front). Fig. 2. The Lerags Cross, Kil- bride," Argyll (back). THE CAMPBELL OF LERAGS CROSS AT KILBRIDE. 145 occupies the head and one-fifth of the shaft (fig. 3). In order to empha- sise it the sculptor has cut the stone deeper round the figure. Above, on the upper arm of the cross in interlaced Gothic ribbon capitals, is the sacred cypher "I.H.S., througd "an h this passe stee th sm of one of the foliaceous sprays that sur- round the figure. The inscription, carved in raised Gothic ribbon letters, next occupie spaca s e equal o hale e t heighcarveth th f f o dt facf o e the shaft. It is arranged in eleven lines, and reads| , A ARCC : | HI BALS U | D MPBEL [ DE : LAE I RRAIG | ME : FIE | Rl : FECI | T : ANO | DNI : M° | VCXVI . Below this are two panels ; the upper one contains a square pattern of interlaced ribbon work, and the lower a unicorn passant guardant, s taiit l terminatina n gi foliaceous spray initiale Th . s S.M.D.n i t cu , relief on a sunk panel at the bottom of the e origina t th par no f shaft o te l ar ,design , but have been added at a much later date. The e desigbacth kn o n(fig ) consist2 . s of two similar foliaceous scrolls running Fig . Hea.3 Leragf do s Cross, Kil- parallel up the shaft until they branch out bride, Argyll. at the top into the horizontal arms of the cross. Set within the upper arm is an heraldic shield bearing the arms of Archibald Campbell1 (fig. 4). awarem a I onle s , a thi th r yS s osinstanci fa whicn ei "e I.H.S.hth r "o unicore th e Westh nf t o appearHighlany an n o s d sculptured stonef o s pre-Beformation date d thi s probablan i ,s e onlth y y instancn a f o e heraldic shield on one of the free-standing crosses. Plait-work panels are common on monuments of this period and thin o se ston on e patter e s uniqueclassth ei th t alss i f e bu n,o os th a , 1 The Duke of Argyll in a letter to the Oban Times, 4th October 1924, states: "Years ago I identifie erectoe dth f thiro s cross s fatherHi . , Duncan Campbel f Lerago l s (Lereage), occurn si charterd ol y 1478m n si . They wer brancea anciene th f ho t MacConochie Campbells t whethebu , r of Stronchormaig in Glenfeochain or of the Inverawe branch of the same patronymic, I do not t knowye . Anyway, this very Archibal h Augusd6t appeare th t n 151 o s sArchibaldua 0 s Machonzi Leragie ed Inques n a n so t ordehele b Archibaldy db o r t Eard Argylf 2n , lo l (whn oi 1513 fell at Flodden). The others named in this old writ are lain Makchonzie in Stronchormaig, Gillespuid an g McCual McChonzi e Kneppachth n i e wero wh ,e undoubtedl s neayhi r kindred. {Argyll Charters.)" n Archibala Ther s wa e d Campbell designated firs f Lerago t 1630n i s e h ; f Joho n so Campbell a s wa , fourt f Lochnellho . VOL. LXI. 10 146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JANUARY 10, 1927. arrangement of the quite common foliaceous scrolls on the back of the monument. Regarding the figure of Our Lord, the attitude in which He is repre- sented, the body slightly sunk and ! the knees forced outwards, is remin- e traditionaiscenth f o t l linef o s French fourteenth-century ivory carvings inference Th . e y thama t be drawn from this is, that an im- ported ivory carving or other work of art was perhaps the origin of the sculptor's conception of the subject. The head of the Crucified is inclined to the right at a lesser angle than as shown on the ivory examples, wher t hangei s forward againse th t Fig. 4. Coat of Arms on Lerags Cross. right shoulder; but on the Lerags Cross this can be accounted for by the thin nature of the slab the sculptor had at his disposal, it being impos- sibl rendeo et heae th rgreaten di r relief than the rest of the body. There is a marked similarity be- twee Lerage e nth on se figurth d ean on a simple cross-head of slate from Taynuilt(figr5)7now in the National^ Museu f Antiquitiesmo outline Th . e of the bodies and the arrangement e loin-clothth of s corresponde th , only difference being that the hair formee th n i r falls fro Crowe mth n of Thorns in conventional locks ter- minatin n curlsi g , whereae th n i s other case hai th es straighi r n i t outline and disappears behind the shoulders. A figure, somewhat similae th o rt above s i depicte, n tho de margin Fig. 5. Cross from Taynuilt. oe e Herdpagef th th on f f o so -e manston Breviary1 (fig. Thi6) . s drawin s probablwa g y executen i d 1 This Breviar probabls ywa y mad Bnglann thirteente i th f o dd abouhen centurye th t n I . firse th followine t halth f o f g centur t appearyi havo st e come int possessioe oth famile th f f no yo St Clair of Herdmanston in Bast Lothian. It is now preserved in the National Library of Scotland. WEST HIGHLAND CROSS-HEADS. 147 e latteth e fourteentr th par f o t h century, afte e boocomd th r kha o et Scotland. e crosTh heads- s bearing Crucifixion scenes can be con- veniently arranged into three classes : e disc-heaClasTh . 1 s d —this is the commonest form, and can be subdivided into three ) Thostype(A se: bear- e Crucifiee figurth th f g o e in d Saviour with or without the rood. (B) Those wit figure hth e e roooth n d betwee t MarnS y and St John. (C) Those similar e lastt havinth bu , o t g atten- dant figures of saints and angels. e cross-Th Clas . 2 s patonce head wite singlth h e figure only. Class 3. The Latin cross with or without adjuncts at the intersection of the arms, and having the single figure only. In general e treatmenth , t of the figures on the cross- heads show an indifference on e craftsma e th par th f o t n ade- quatel reproducyo t humae eth n

form. All the attendanBreviary. t figures . n Herdmansto m fro x Cruoifl 6 g

e smallear n scali r e thae th n p principal with which they are grouped.

CLAS . EXAMPLES1 ) TYPE(A F SO . The MacLean Cross, lona1 (fig. 7) . The figure is set within a panel contained in the disc; it is now indistinct, being so heavily coated with lichen that it is impossible to determin e detailsth e . Former illustrations sho heae wth d surrounded b ya nimbus e feeth , t separatee bodth yd habitean , lona n di g robe. Judging from other West Highland examples garmene th , mors ti e likely 1 Stuart, Sculptured Stones of Scotland, Pis, 27 . . xliivolxliiip d . .ii an ; .O.S . 6-inch map, Argyll, Sheet 104. Scheduled Ancient Monument, 1927. 148 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , JANUAR , 192710 Y . extenden a e b o t d loin-cloth falling fro e anklee waisth mth o t ts likea skirtrooe dTh . appear havo st e expande Crucifie e th d th endn i n xo s sa font from Loch Eynort Nationae th ,n i Skye w l Museuno , Antiquitief mo s (fig. 22). Cross, formerly t Kilimchael-Glassary,a t Poltallocha w no 1 (fig. 8) . In this case the figure is set within the disc and the upper part of the headcross-shafte th levea f ,o n whichande p o l to .witTh e s .e har s i hth

Fig. 7. The MacLean Cross, lona. Fig . Kilmichael-Glassar8 . y t Crossa w no , Poltalloch. slightly inclined toward e righth s t shoulder loin-clote Th . simpls hi y represente seriea y db angulaf so r folds place above don othere eth .

The High Cross at Oronsay Priory2 (fig. 9). This cross is one of the finest examples of its class. The Saviour is suspended on the rood with the head well helow the level of the hands. 1 Stuart, Sculptured Stones of Scotland, vol. ii. p. 30, PI. Iviii. ; O.S. 6-inch map, Argyll, Sheet 149, S.W. Scheduled Ancient Monument, 1927. 2 Ibid., vol. ii. p. 25, Pis. xxxviii. and xxxix.; O.S. 6-inch map, Argyll, Sheet 165. Scheduled Ancient Monument, 1927. WEST HIGHLAND CROSS-HEADS. 149 The bod straighs heae yi th dloin-clote d erectth an t d ,an he th fall o t s knees in four petal-shaped divisions. The rood is of the cross-ragulyJ

j-s/e. Fig. 9. Head of the High Cross at Oronsay Priory.

pattern, i.e. showing projections resemblin e stumpth g f lopped-ofo s f branches. Elaborate plaited ribbon designs fill the spaces surrounding the Crucifix.

Head of a Cross at Kilchoman, Islay'* (fig. 10, No. 1). The figur s representeei d withou s closeli e rood th td an ,y surrounded by foliated scroll-work. Wit e exceptiohth containes e feei th t i t f no d exampln A shaf a cross-raguly a f ef o o t appear lowee th n rso parcross-shafa f to t preserved

e churce porcith th n f 1 t ho Kilchomaha n along -wit e cross-heahth typf ) Clasdo (A e 1 snote d (Graham, Carved Stones of Islay, p. 56, PI. xv.), and also on a cross-shaft similar to the last at Kilmoruy, Bracadale, Skye (Inventory of Ancient Monuments (Scotland): Outer Hebrides, Skye Smalle th d Isles,an . 474No , fig. 226). Eaguly crosse sfifteente werth n i e e much us century n hi , pattere th t nbu goes bac muco kt h earlier commos timesi d an ,Englis n no h elevente MSSth f .o h century. 1 Graham, Carved Stones PI, . 52 greate e xvi. th of ; .No , Islay, shafre 58 parth . p f t o twhic h is detached from the head still survives. O.S. 6-inch map, Argyll, Sheet 207. 150 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , JANUAR , 192710 Y . within the circumference of the disc. The head is inclined, and on the same level as the hands.

Heada Cross f o t Kilchoman, a . Islay2) . l No (fig, 10 . The Crucifix occupie e uppeth heae d rse shaftth e dan parth Th f o .t treatmen s simplei t e loin-clotth , h is represented terminatino tw n gi pointed folds.

ISLAY CROSS HEADS.

Fig . t HeadKilchomaa 10 ) . (2 f Crosse so d exac) an (3 ) n; s(1 t locality unknown; (4) at Nereabolls, Kilchoman.

Fragment e Heada Crossth f f o o from . Islay3) . No (fig, 10 . n thiI s exampl e crucifiee bodth th ef o y d e roos figurth ha dn o e occupied the upper part of the shaft only. The head and arms are within the disc. The head is slightly inclined, and the hands are extended to a level above it. Foliaceous sprays fill the spaces above the arms of the rood, but these are greatly worn down. The stone is e Nationainth l Museu f Antiquitiesmo .

1 Graham, Carved , PI53 . . StonesxviiNo ., f Islay,o 59 . p WEST HIGHLAND CROSS-HEADS. 151

Head of a Cross at Neredbolls, Kilchoman, Islay (fig. 10, No. 4). l The arrangemen f thio t s figur s similarooi e e lasts th Th dha . o t r a simple margin which terminates at the top in a fleur-de-lis; the rood extends into the arms of the cross.

Cross-head at Rodil, Harris'' (fig. 11, No. 1). a moder n o t ns preservei se base d w an Thino , s di s withie th n Church of St Clement. The figure occupies the lower part of the disc

Hea) Crucifixio) (1 CrosFigf (2 d. o d 11 . san n Pane t Eodila l , Harris.

e shaft nece th appeard th f an k,o d havan o t s e been suspended froma s heavilroodi t I . y girdewaise th t tda wit hloin-clotha bace th , k fold of which falls to the heels and terminates in a V-pointed end. The knees bene ar t outwards e legcrossee th ar s d an d, above e ankleth th ed an s a prominen s i e uppe th m e toesn ar rth I fee tt . a objectt doubo n , t representin gmanusa Dei.

1 Graham, Carved Stones of Islay, p. 66, No. 62, PI. xix. ' O.S. 6-inch map, Inverness-shire (Hebrides), Sheet 28. Under the guardianship of the Anc. Mon. Dept., H.M. Offic eighteente Worksf th o e crose f o Th d s. untien h e centurlth y stood oeminencn na shorea t distanc echurche westh f to , wher ecaira mark w nspotno e sth . 152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JANUARY 10, 1927. EXAMPLES OF (B) TYPE. The MacMillan Cross, Kilmory of Knapdale1 (fig. 12, No. 1). groue Th figuref po t withi se s circumference si nth disce th .f eo That e heath e rood s r th Lore leanin ha de th rightn o Ou o dfth d o an ,gt arms inclined slightly upwards. There are indications that the figure may have been bearded e bod Th s girdei .ya loin-clot y b da f o h looped conventional form, widely splayee attendane footth Th t . a d t figures are crudely represented; their feet rest on the terminals of the foliated scroll-work that occupie e uppeth s e rshaft th par f .o t Over o interlacetw e rooe th ar d d foliaceous e f whico stemsth e s i hon , extension anima a e tai f th o l f l o nwhic h occupief o e righth m s ar t interlacen e othea th crosse f th d o r an , d knot which occupie e lefth st arm. Cross, formerly Kirkapool,at Inverarayat Tiree, now Castle2 . 2) . No (fig, 12 . In this case the group is set well within the disc and surrounded by a pattern of trefoil leaves which spring from the margin, a border which also occurs on the back of the head of the MacLean Cross at e Saviou th e lonahea f Th o ds .inclinedi r e loin-clota th , f o s i h simple conventional form e feeth , t a crudelres n o t y executed foliated e rooth df e o uppeterminate sprayth d d en trefoiro an ,tw n lsi leaves which exten n eitheo d r side abov e armsth e . Withi e na pane th n i l upper arm of the cross is an archaic' representation of St Michael.3

Cross-head formerly at Eileen Mor, Kilmory, Knapdale 4 . 3) . No (fig, 12 . It is to be regretted that this interesting example has recently dis- appeared from the island. For many years it was preserved within Stuart, Sculptured Stones, , PI.23 xxxiii.. volp . .ii ; "White, Knapdale, PI, .60 xvi. p .; O.S . 6-inc1 h map, Argyll, Sheet 190 W. N ,. Scheduled Ancient Monument, 1924. Stuart, Sculptured Stones, PI, .29 lii.. volp ,. .O.Sii . 6-inch map, Argyll, Sheet 133, N.W. 32 Carvings of St Michael are not infrequent on mediaeval West Highland monuments (this saint is associated with early Norse imagery), and the cult appears to have originated in these part Vikinn si g times e survivaTh . f Vikino l e th g f influenceo e us als y e notee ob th ma s n di two animals connected with the foliaceous scrolls, and in the carved representations of the so-called Galley of Lorn; the latter resemble the Viking long boat and not the ship used in mediaeval times elsewher Western i e n Europe. White, Knapdale, p. 78, PI. xxxii. Reported in 1922 as having been removed. An attempt

wa4 s made through the press in 20th-21st January 1926 to have the stone restored, but this was unsuccessful. Two fragments of the shaft of this cross are still to be seen on the island. The lower one is set into the ground on an eminence, and the other is built into the masonry of late date at the Chapel. The guardianship of the monuments on the island is now under Anc, Mon. Dept., H.M. Offic f Workso e .• O.S . 6-inch map, Sheet 190, N.W. WEST HIGHLAND CROSS-HEADS. 153

Pig . Head12 . f Crosses so MacMilla e th ) (1 , n Cros t Kilmorya s , Knapdale fro) (2 ;m Tireew no , t Inveraraa y Castle formerl) (3 ; t Eileaa y n Mor, Kilmory, Knapdale t Kilchomana ) (4 ; , Islay t Kilmorea ) (5 ; , Dervaig, Mull. 154 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , JANUAR , 1927Y10 . e ruineth d Chapet CormacS f e o roo l n whicTh o d. e Saviouth h r hangs occupies the head and upper part of the shaft of the cross. The three arms are margined and crocketted (cross-raguly pattern), and the top of the rood terminates in a fleur-de-lis. Over the Crucified, affixed to the rood, is the titulus or scroll bearing the inscription INRI, now badly defaced. e onlThith ys i s instanc n whici e h this feature occurs on these monuments. The attendants are much smaller in scale tha centrae nth l figure. The arrangee yar d withi e disoccupd nth c an y e spacth e immediately unde e Crucifiedarme th th r f remainine so Th . g space e fillear s d wit hleaa f pattern. Fragment of a Cross at Kilchoman, Islayl (fig. 12, No. 4). The Crucifixion scene occupies the head and the upper part of the shaft. Small figures of St Mary and St John are introduced into the narrow spaces on either side of the legs of the Saviour, their heads being level wit kneese hth . EXAMPLES OP (C) TYPE. The Campbeltown Cross2 (fig. 13, No. 1). This fine example of a free-standing cross has a disc-head measuring

Campbeltowe Th Fig. 13 . nHige Crosth hd Crosssan , Kilchoman.

1 Graham, Sculptured , PI.52 . xvStones ; .O.SNo , f Islay,o 58 . . 6-incp h map, Argyll, Sheet 232. Scheduled Ancient Monument, 1927. 2 White, Kintyre, p. 97, PI. xi.; Stuart, Sculptured Stones, vol. ii. p. 22, Pis. xxix. and xxx.; O.S. 6-inch map, Argyll, Sheet 257, N.B. Scheduled Ancient Monument, 1927. WEST HIGHLAND5 CROSS-HEADS15 . 3 feet 4£ inches in diameter, the largest one recorded. The figure of the Saviou bees rha n erased; when donthis swa e stems were introduce lino dt k foliaceoue uth p s scroll patterns which occupy spaces withi e discth n . t BeloJohn o t MarS S rooabove d arm tw d e e w th ,an y th e an df ar so ear other saints. A figure of St Michael occupies the right arm of the cross.

The High Cross, Kilchoman, May1 (fig. 13, No. 2). Thi e grous th cros s p ha st complet withise e discd n th I nan e. addition to the three principal figures of the Crucifixion scene there e angelhorizontao th tw n e o s ar e cross le th heaarm th A f .o df o s t Mary'S n saino s s i a tright d an , winged figure, probabl t MichaelyS , t John'S n o i sse rooleftTh d . e cross-ragulyth f o appear e b o t s pattern, and the space above its e Oronsath arm n s filledi i s ys a , example, with plaited ribbon pattern. The feet of Our Lord rest on an arch "which forms the head of an under- lying niche containin o figuretw g s larger but similar to that repre- senting St John.

CLAS. S2 Cross at Kilberry, Knapdale^ (fig. 14). The figure of the Lord depicted as in agony, with the body sunk and the legs contorted, may be con- sidered from the point of view of attitude the most remarkable of those dealt with. In a measure it resemble e e figureTayth sth n - o s Fig Hea. 14 . d of Cros Kilberryt sa , Knapdale. nuilt and the Campbell of Lerags e suppositioCrossesth d an , n thae craftsmath t n copie t froi d m some earlie agais i r t wornar f indicatedko lon a rooslendee d s gan Th d ha . r shaft which rises from a grotesque animal figure; above this, on either 1 Graham, Sculptured Stones of Islay, p. 52, PI. xiii. ; O.S. 6-inch map, Argyll, Sheet 232. Scheduled Ancient Monument, 1927. 2 White, Knapdale, p. 40, PI. ix.; O.S. 6-inch map, Argyll, Sheet 200, S.E. Scheduled Ancient Monument, 1927. 156 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F SO , JANUAR , 1927Y10 .

side branch off foliated stems that curl upward and terminate in entwined branches. At the top of the rood are two objects resembling pendant fruite whol Th f thi.o e s desig s encloseni d withi a nmargi n ornamented wit dog-toote hth h enrichment arm e e ende th th f s ar so d an , unfortunately damaged.

Cross at Inveraray1 (fig. 15). As in the Campbeltown Cross the Crucifix has been erased, and the stems of the foliaceous sprays which closely surround it are linked

Fig. 15. The Inveraray Cross. . Fig. 16. The Saddell Cross.

upfigurt MichaeA S . f o es jbee ha l n chiselled away fro e bacmth f ko the upper arm of the cross.

Cross-head formerly t Saddella Abbey, Kintyre (fig. 16). 2 This example has disappeared in recent years. The figure of Our e shaft nece th th f ko Lor;n o onl s dheae i armd yth dan s appear above this level illustration A . White'n ni s Kintyre suggests that there might have bee heraldin na c bacshiele th thif ko n do s relic. 1 Stuart, Sculptured Stones, vol. ii. p. 22, PL xxxi. ; O.S. 6-inch map, Argyll, Sheet 133, N.W. * Captain MacLeod Campbell of Saddell informs me that a yachting party carried away this relic some years ago; White, Kintyre, p. 169, PL xl. ; O.S. 6-inch map, Argyll, Sheet 247, S.W. WEST HIGHLAND CROSS-HEADS. 157 CLASS 3. Cross t Kilmartina d fig an (fig, Nos, . 18).2 17 . , 1 1. The arms of the cross-head have been broken off; they had slightly expande dt eaca endsd h an ,intersectio a pierce s wa nd quadrantal

•BI. 2fa, Fig . Cros.17 t Kilmartinsa . support suggestiv e ring-headeth f o e d cross-hea f earlo d y daten O . the front of the monument the figure of the Crucified occupies the head and the upper part of the shaft; it is much more refined in treatment than the contemporary figures on the crosses described. The head, which inclines forward towards the right shoulder, is in high relief, and a great dea f feelino l s expressegi e face circleth A haie .n di b f wha ro ty tma 1 O.S. 6-inch map, Argyll, Sheet 149, N.E. Scheduled Ancient Monument, 1927. 158 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , JANUARY 10, 1927. falls from the Crown of Thorns down the front of the neck. The arms placee ar horizontaa n di l manner lege straighe th , sar crossed an t t da anklee loin-clothe th Th . , fallin kneee foldn gth i rolles o i ,st d top e atth , and this appears to terminate in rope-moulded extensions. Below the figure is a double leaf scroll, ending at the top in a zoomorphic design.

Fig. 18. Cross at Kilmartin. e cross-hea e bacth O th nf o k a " Chriss di Majestyn i t " sculptured relie w surrounded lo an f n i rola y ldb moulding figure Th gownes .ei d and mantled and is represented seated; the feet are bare and the hands uplifted—the left one extended with the palm outwards, and the right, now broken, probably raised in the gesture of benediction. The influence of the twelfth-century representation of the subject can be discerne treatmene th n di desigd tan thif no s sculpture. The detache e crosth lief dw so s(Fig righno besidm ) ar t18 .e th e WEST HIGHLAND CROSS-HEADS. 159 monument; the front contains the hand of the Saviour and a dragonesque animal, the back, except for the moulded margin, is plain.

Detached Head of a Small Cross at Kilmartin (fig. 19),' intersectione e crosThth th ebrokes f d si o uppean f m nof ar r s have each a small truss-like support. The figur mucs i e h t wornresemblei d an , s e cross-heath than o t d from Kil- inichael-Grlassary.

Cross-head from Taynuilt (fig. 5) . This is a simple Latin cross of alreads slatfigurha e t i th ey; n e o bee n described, beinn i e gon similae th o t r Lerage th s Cross. The following Crucifixion scenes notee b o dt besidee ar se thesth n eo cross-heads crudA . e representation e Crucifith of x with t figureS f o s Mary and St John on the top of a cross-shaf e kirkyarth n i tf Kilo d - more, Dervaig, Mull2 (fig. 12, No. 5). A similar grou f o considerablp e artistic merit sculptured in low relief on the upper end of a recumbent grave slab in the kirkyard of Kil- brennan, Kiiityre3 (fig. 20, No. 2). An extremely crude Crucifix in the centre oa stonf e pane t Innishaela l , Loch . CrosFig19 . t Kilmartinsa , Argyll. Awe4 (fig. 20, No. 1). On either side of the rood are simple figures, each presenting a chalice as if to collect e blooth d dropping fro e wound e handsmth th f o s. The e habiteyar d in long garments drawn in at the waist. In the kirkyard of Kilkerran, near Campbeltown, a cross-shaf n o t apparentl f latyo e mediaaval date,

there is a panel containin6 g a Crucifixion scene of a type different from those already described (fig r Lor. 21) Ou depictes di . d crucifiew lo a n o d 1 Scheduled Ancient Monument, 1927. ' Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. Ix. 123p . ; O.S. 6-inch map, Argyll, Shee. 52 t • White, Kintyre, . 186p , PI. lii. 2; O.S. 6-inch map, Argyll, Sheet 213, S.E. 4 O.S. 6-inch map, Argyll, Sheet 113, N.W. 5 Stuart, Sculptured Stones, PI, .29 lix. volp ; . White ii . , Kintyre, , PI .95 S 6-inc viii. p O • . h map, Argyll, Sheet 257, S.E. 160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JANUARY 10, 1927. crosappeard gownede an sb o st heae . nimbuseds !Th di arme th e , sar extended direct fro shoulderse mth e fee th t d appea separatee an , b o t r .

Centre of Sculptured Slab at Innishael, orecumbena f t Grave Fig. 20. Sla t Kilbrennanba . s righO nHi s Longinu i t s thrustin speae s gth Hi rn int o sidee d oth an , left is Stephaton presenting the sponge on a pole. Over the arms of the cross are the angel figures which are usually represented bearing respectively the Sun and Moone portraya Th e subjec.th f o thin li t s manner occur earln so y Christian monument Irelann si n i d dan e Northumbriath n distric f Englando t s rudeli t I y. depicted, without the angels, on an early free-standing cross from Camuston, now in the grounds of Panmure House, near Carnoustie,1 and also on the fragment of an early cross-shaft from Abernethy, Perthshire, now e Nationainth l Museu f Antiquities.mo scena s i et I 2 also frequently reproduced by the ivory and metal craftsmen of Carolingian times, and is often portrayed - . . CrucifixioFIR21 . n examplei n f Romanesquo s e art. Panel on a cross- There is little doubt that this is again a case of the shaft at Kllkerran. sculptoi . rdesigs > j n• beinv g• influence- importen aa y b d di wori k • , i i of art of an earlier period. 1 Early Christian Monuments, pt. iii. p. 252. 1 Ibid., . iii. 310pt p . , fig. 325. WEST HIGHLAND CROSS-HEADS. 161 A crucifix of archaic type is carved on the late fifteenth or early sixteenth century font from Loch Eynort, Skye (fig. 22)terminale Th . s e rooth ofd expan a manne n i d r e similaexample th th o t n r o e MacLean Crossfigure Th badls i e. y proportioned lege e crosseth , sar d belo kneese wth , whic e benhar t outwards. An interesting relic from Texa, Isla ye Nationa (figth n i . 23)w l ,no Museum of Antiquities, appears to have been an unfinished disc cross-head of large demensions, cut down and adapted as a socket stone for a free-standing cross. The carving, now incomplete, represents the Crucifixion with the two attendant figures. The hands of the one are

T.S-R. Fig . Crucifixio22 . Fona n no t from Fig . Unfinishe23 . d Cross-head from Loch Eynort, Skye. Texa, Islay. claspe righe breaste th th td n othe e dhano ,an th raisef s ri do portrao dt y grief. The socket has been cut through the body of the Crucified. Examples are also to be found in buildings. A crucifix with attendant e rounth f o d e pillaron f f freestono so figurep ca n e s carveo i esth 1 d01 soute th e choih th sid t lonf a reo a Cathedral similaA . r group appears inpanea f daro l k schist ove archee th r d reces muraa f so l e tomth n bi south wall of the nave of St Clement's, Rodil (fig. 11, No. 2). The upper part is decayed, but, however, there is sufficient evidence to show that crose expanded th sha d endthad e arman sth t f Chrisso t were extended in horizontal manner loin-clote Th . s similahi arrangemenn i r thao t t t e cross-heae figurth th n e samn o eth o n ei d buildin. 1) . g No (fig , 11 . There is also a crucifix carved in freestone over the late doorway in the north elevation time e stonon eth , t havina e g forme e keystonth d f eo archn figuree a Th . ,badl w whicno y s hweatheredi s beeha , n carven di high relief, and resembles the one on the Kilmichael-Glassary Cross 1 1 VOL. LXI. 162 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , JANUAR , 1927Y10 . e samth en I churc(fig . 8) . interestinn ha g panel representin Hole gth y Trinity (fig. 24) forms the central feature of the arch over the recessed tom f Alexandebo r Macleod, dated 1528 e seatee Th .th dd figurGo f o e Father, clothe roba mantle d n di ean , hold Crose sth Sone sth witd . hGo The Cross has slightly expanded ends, and in the treatment of the limbs the figure resembles the Christ on the Loch Eynort font (fig. 22). Above e winge th e eaglFathee d th shouldere th dan e th d humaar r Go f o sn figure d belo an e feet, wingee wth th , d bull and winged lion, each bearin a gscrol n o l whic s beeha hn inscribed respectivele th y name of the Evangelist symbolised. The descending dove representin Hole th yd gGo Ghost, which has now disappeai-ed, has no doubt been carveChriste th n do . f o e us e Owinsurviva e th th o t gf o l archaic representation humae th f so n figure and other features, which, strictly speaking, belon earlien a o gt r period tha timee nth s in which the free-standing crosses inven- toried in this paper were made, it is-difficult to date them. There are, however, three actual dated examples — the Lerags Cross, 1516 fragmene th ; cross-shafa f o t t Arda t - chattan Priory e fragmen, th 1500 d an f ; o t Abbot MacKinnon's Cross, now in the Cathe- dral of lona, 1489. We can therefore con- clude that, like these, the other crosses and cross-heads dealt with were produced dur- e infifteentth g d sixteentan h h centuries. Fig. 24. Holy Trinity Panel at I suggest thae Kilberryth t , MacMillan, Eodil, Harris. and MacLean Crosses, the one from Kirka- pool, Tyree, and the cross-shaft at Kilkerran are the earlier examples, f fifteenth-centuro ane dar y date tha d othere an ,th t s belonlase th t o gt quarte fifteente firse th th sixteente f t ro d th hal f han o f h centuries. Some of the drawings of the crosses have been copied from illustrations in Stuart's Sculptured Stones of Scotland, vol. ii., White's Archaeological Sketches—Knapdale d Kintyre,an d Graham'an s Sculptured Stonesf o Islay, havd an e been corrected fro availably man e photographs. Since going to press I have been informed by Mr J. Graham Callander that he had recently kirkyare seeth n ni f Kilmorydo , Arisaig grave-slaa , b witsculptureo htw d panels e dexteth , r containing a nimbed figure of Our Lord on the Cross, somewhat resembling those on the Loch Eynort font (fig. 22) and on the two panels at Rodil (figs. 11, No. 2 and 24) and the sinister the figurecclesiastin a f eo eucharistin ci c vestments.