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Associations Between Greenspace and Street Crimes in Toronto: Evidence from a Spatial Analysis Study at Dissemination Area Level
Associations between Greenspace and street Crimes in Toronto: Evidence from a spatial analysis study at dissemination area level by Odunayo Onifade A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Geography Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2020 © Odunayo Onifade 2020 Author’s Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract Introduction: Earlier criminologists have explored various factors generating or attracting crime in urban cities coupled with crime studies focusing on the influence of social, built and natural environments in urban centres. According to Statistics Canada (2019), the Crime severity index of Canada and Toronto has been on the rise since 2014, which found the violent crime severity index showing higher trends than non-violent crime severity. This study, first, examined the crime trends and seasonality in Toronto. Next, the association between greenspace variables and street crime rates across the city at the dissemination level using the spatial statistical methods were explored. Previous crime studies have also investigated the relationship between the crime rate (property and violent) and greenspace, albeit this study only focused on analyzing crime that usually occurs outsides, namely “street crimes.” There are two schools of thought concerning the association between crime rates and greenspace. The first belief suggests greenspace facilitates criminal activities because it conceals the offender from the victims/bystanders, while the second belief insists that greenspace deter criminal activities. -
Planning Rationale Report November 2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 SITE LOCATION & CONTEXT ................................................................................................................. 2 2.1 Subject Site ........................................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Surrounding Context .............................................................................................................................. 2 2.3 Community Services and Facilities ........................................................................................................ 6 3.0 PROPOSAL & APPROVALS .................................................................................................................... 7 3.1 Proposal ................................................................................................................................................ 7 3.2 Required Approvals ............................................................................................................................... 8 4.0 POLICY CONTEXT & PLANNING ANALYSIS ........................................................................................... 9 4.1 Provincial Policy Statement (2020) ......................................................................................................... 9 4.2 Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe (2020) -
YOUTH ARMED VIOLENCE INTERVENTIONS: the Caribbean and Its Toronto Diaspora
YOUTH ARMED VIOLENCE INTERVENTIONS: The Caribbean and its Toronto Diaspora Sandra Chadwick-Parkes, PhD Project Ploughshares 57 Erb Street West Waterloo, Ontario Canada N2L 6C2 Tel: (519) 888-6541 Website: http//www.ploughshares.ca About this Paper This paper was prepared for the Small Arms Working Group of Peacebuild. Project Ploughshares was the Coordinator of the Small Arms Working Group from 2004 through to 2010. The paper is part of a series that explored the relationship between armed violence and development. Peacebuild Peacebuild, the Canadian Peacebuilding Network, is a member-based network of Canadian non-governmental organizations and institutions, academics and individuals engaged in a wide range of activities related to addressing the cause and consequences of violent conflict, Peacebuild 207-145 Spruce Street Ottawa, Ontario, KIR 6P1, Canada Tel: (613) 232-0647 www.peacebuild.ca Project Ploughshares Project Ploughshares is a non-governmental organization that works with churches, nongovernmental organizations, and governments, in Canada and abroad, to advance policies and actions that prevents war and armed violence and build peace. Project Ploughshares 57 Erb Street West Waterloo, Ontario N2L 6C2 Canada 519-888-6541 Fax: 519-888-0018 [email protected] www.ploughshares.ca Acknowledgment This research was undertaken with the financial support of the Government of Canada provided through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). Disclaimer Peacebuild and Project Ploughshares Working Papers are published to contribute to public discussion and debate of peace and security issues. The views and policies presented in this paper are the author’s and do not necessarily reflect the policies of Peacebuild, Project Ploughshares and its sponsoring churches and agencies, or the Canadian International Development Agency. -
CRIME and INDIVIDUAL and NEIGHBOURHOOD SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS in the CITY of TORONTO BY: GABBY LEE BA Geographic Analysis, Ryerson University, 2016
CRIME AND INDIVIDUAL AND NEIGHBOURHOOD SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS IN THE CITY OF TORONTO BY: GABBY LEE BA Geographic Analysis, Ryerson University, 2016 A MRP presented to Ryerson University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Spatial Analysis in the program of Spatial Analysis Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2017 ©Gabby Lee, 2017 Abstract: The overall objective of this study is to determine what neighbourhood and offender-related demographic characteristics impact crime rates in the City of Toronto. By doing so, quantitative and qualitative approaches were implemented in this study. This study includes both property and violent crime datasets from 2014-2016 and census related information from the 2011 Canadian Census. The advancing techniques of Geographical Information System (GIS) has been explored and applied to achieve a thorough understanding of crime occurrences and patterns in the city. Hotspot and Kernel Density mapping were applied to analyze the spatial distribution of crime occurrences and account for spatial autocorrelation. Findings revealed that property and violent crimes across the three years of study showed similar distribution of significant hotspots in the core, Northwest, and East end of the city. An Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression was conducted to examine the ways in which individual and neighbourhood demographic characteristics predict the effects of crime occurrences. The OLS model was a good predictor for offender-related demographics as opposed to neighbourhood level demographics at the 0.05 significant level. These findings revealed that social disadvantaged neighbourhood characteristics such as low income, unemployment, low education, female lone parent were poor predictors of property crimes but good predictors for violent crimes. -
Yorkdale Block Master Plan & Transportation Master Plan
Yorkdale Block Master Plan & Transportation Master Plan Local Advisory Committee Meeting #2 November 21, 2019 © 2016 HDR, Inc., all rights reserved. 1. TRANSPORTATION MASTER PLAN STUDY OVERVIEW 2 Transportation Master Plan Study Area There are two study areas for the TMP: Larger Study Area Addresses the broader travel issues of the area. Project Focus Area Addresses the area in which the shopping centre, and associated infrastructure, is situated. 3 Transportation Master Plan Study Process Transportation Master Plans are an approved Provincial process to address infrastructure planning projects under the Environmental Assessment Act. It creates a framework for planning a range of infrastructure projects that may be implemented over a period of time. Public stakeholder consultation is a key component. Larger infrastructure recommendations will require further study by completing Phases 3 and 4 of the Municipal Environmental Assessment process. We are here 4 2. EXISTING CONDITIONS 5 Population and Employment Growth Projections • Larger study area will experience significant growth • 58% growth in population • 21% growth in employment • Planned growth for the Yorkdale Shopping Centre will result in • 723% growth in population • 15% growth in employment • Net Traffic Growth in the larger study area will be approximately 8-12% Notes: 1. The land use growth represents the City of Toronto’s 2041 Medium Growth with SmartTrack forecasts. This does not account for the proposed land use in the Yorkdale Block Master Plan. 2. Note that the existing -
923466Magazine1final
www.globalvillagefestival.ca Global Village Festival 2015 Publisher: Silk Road Publishing Founder: Steve Moghadam General Manager: Elly Achack Production Manager: Bahareh Nouri Team: Mike Mahmoudian, Sheri Chahidi, Parviz Achak, Eva Okati, Alexander Fairlie Jennifer Berry, Tony Berry Phone: 416-500-0007 Email: offi[email protected] Web: www.GlobalVillageFestival.ca Front Cover Photo Credit: © Kone | Dreamstime.com - Toronto Skyline At Night Photo Contents 08 Greater Toronto Area 49 Recreation in Toronto 78 Toronto sports 11 History of Toronto 51 Transportation in Toronto 88 List of sports teams in Toronto 16 Municipal government of Toronto 56 Public transportation in Toronto 90 List of museums in Toronto 19 Geography of Toronto 58 Economy of Toronto 92 Hotels in Toronto 22 History of neighbourhoods in Toronto 61 Toronto Purchase 94 List of neighbourhoods in Toronto 26 Demographics of Toronto 62 Public services in Toronto 97 List of Toronto parks 31 Architecture of Toronto 63 Lake Ontario 99 List of shopping malls in Toronto 36 Culture in Toronto 67 York, Upper Canada 42 Tourism in Toronto 71 Sister cities of Toronto 45 Education in Toronto 73 Annual events in Toronto 48 Health in Toronto 74 Media in Toronto 3 www.globalvillagefestival.ca The Hon. Yonah Martin SENATE SÉNAT L’hon Yonah Martin CANADA August 2015 The Senate of Canada Le Sénat du Canada Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0A4 K1A 0A4 August 8, 2015 Greetings from the Honourable Yonah Martin Greetings from Senator Victor Oh On behalf of the Senate of Canada, sincere greetings to all of the organizers and participants of the I am pleased to extend my warmest greetings to everyone attending the 2015 North York 2015 North York Festival. -
Race, Place and Crime Through the Lens of Toronto's Print Media By
Race, Place and Crime through the Lens of Toronto’s Print Media By Vanessa N. Rhodes A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in The Faculty of Social Science and Humanities Criminology University of Ontario Institute of Technology July 2015 © Vanessa N. Rhodes, 2015 RACE, PLACE AND CRIME IN MEDIA Abstract Geographical areas with high concentrations of impoverished racialized groups tend to experience disproportionate rates of violence in Canada. As news media heavily focuses on crime reports, violence often comes to characterize the affected neighbourhoods. News reports can impact audience levels of fear and scholars argue that disproportionate reporting of crime-related events can instil fear among the public. To date, there has been no study that examines a moral panic of neighbourhoods. Therefore, this thesis examines how the racialization of crime and the criminalization of place coalesce to create a moral panic of a neighbourhood. To examine the media’s role in creating fear, two Toronto newspapers were sampled over a 14-year period. A frame analysis was conducted to investigate how Toronto newspapers framed Kingston- Galloway between 1998-2012. Findings suggest that Toronto newspapers racialize crime and criminalize place, which may aid in the construction of a moral panic of a neighbourhood. Keywords: Crime, frame analysis, moral panic, race, racialization i RACE, PLACE AND CRIME IN MEDIA Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my committee members, Dr. Steven Downing and Dr. Carla Cesaroni for your support throughout this process. Also, Dr. Scot Wortley for your insight and thoughtful advice. -
2005 Environmental Scan
22000055 EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTTAALL SSCCAANN AUGUST 2005 2005 Enviirronmenttall Scan TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE I. Demographic Trends Highlights.............................................................................................................1 A. Toronto Population..........................................................................................2 B. Age Structure of the Population.......................................................................3 C. Population Composition...................................................................................6 Immigration..............................................................................................6 Diversity...................................................................................................8 Language..................................................................................................11 Religion ....................................................................................................13 Income......................................................................................................14 D. Divisional Profiles...........................................................................................17 Recommendations/Implications for Police Service .............................................17 Chapter Appendix (Divisional Demographics)....................................................20 II. Crime Trends Highlights.............................................................................................................31 -
Race, Place and Crime Through the Lens of Toronto's Print Media By
Race, Place and Crime through the Lens of Toronto’s Print Media By Vanessa N. Rhodes A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in The Faculty of Social Science and Humanities Criminology University of Ontario Institute of Technology July 2015 © Vanessa N. Rhodes, 2015 RACE, PLACE AND CRIME IN MEDIA Abstract Geographical areas with high concentrations of impoverished racialized groups tend to experience disproportionate rates of violence in Canada. As news media heavily focuses on crime reports, violence often comes to characterize the affected neighbourhoods. News reports can impact audience levels of fear and scholars argue that disproportionate reporting of crime-related events can instil fear among the public. To date, there has been no study that examines a moral panic of neighbourhoods. Therefore, this thesis examines how the racialization of crime and the criminalization of place coalesce to create a moral panic of a neighbourhood. To examine the media’s role in creating fear, two Toronto newspapers were sampled over a 14-year period. A frame analysis was conducted to investigate how Toronto newspapers framed Kingston- Galloway between 1998-2012. Findings suggest that Toronto newspapers racialize crime and criminalize place, which may aid in the construction of a moral panic of a neighbourhood. Keywords: Crime, frame analysis, moral panic, race, racialization i RACE, PLACE AND CRIME IN MEDIA Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my committee members, Dr. Steven Downing and Dr. Carla Cesaroni for your support throughout this process. Also, Dr. Scot Wortley for your insight and thoughtful advice. -
Transportation Master Plan Report
Transportation Master Plan Final Report City of Toronto May 9, 2017 City of Toronto | ConsumersNext TRANSPORTATION MASTER PLAN REPORT Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................11 1.1 Study Area and Background .......................................................................................11 1.2 TMP Purpose and EA Process....................................................................................12 2 Planning Context ................................................................................................................14 2.1 Local Area Characteristics ..........................................................................................14 2.1.1 Profile Summary ..................................................................................................14 2.1.2 Natural Environment ............................................................................................14 2.1.3 Cultural and Archaeological Heritage ...................................................................14 2.2 Provincial Planning Context ........................................................................................15 2.3 City of Toronto Policy Framework ...............................................................................16 2.3.1 Toronto Official Plan ............................................................................................16 2.3.2 Transportation Policies ........................................................................................16 -
Community Violence in Toronto - Trends and Selected Demographic Patterns
HL11.1 Attachment 1 Attachment 1: Community Violence in Toronto - Trends and Selected Demographic Patterns Table of Contents Background ..................................................................................................................... 2 Data sources ................................................................................................................ 2 Data limitations ............................................................................................................ 2 Key Findings ................................................................................................................... 3 Police-Reported Violent Crime in Toronto ....................................................................... 5 Trends in police-reported violent crime by sex ............................................................. 5 Trends in police-reported violent crime in Toronto and select Canadian cities ............ 7 Trends in police-reported violent crime by weapon causing injury ............................... 8 Trends in firearm-related violent crime by age group of the accused ........................... 9 Homicide Rates in Toronto ............................................................................................ 10 Trends in homicide rates by sex ................................................................................ 10 Firearm-related homicide rates in Toronto and select Canadian cities ...................... 11 Gang-related homicide victims and persons accused by age group and sex -
Performance Measurement and Benchmarking Report
2011 Performance Measurement and Benchmarking Report CITY MANAGER’S OFFICE MARCH 2013 NUMBER (000’S) COST ($) RATE (PER CAPITA) VOLUME (M3) DISTANCE (KM) FREQUENCY (%) AREA (HECTARES) TIME (MIN:SEC) 2011 Performance Measurement and Benchmarking Report TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page Reference Introduction 1 Context How much and what types of taxes did an Ontario family pay in 2012? 2 How much tax did each order of government receive from the average 2 Ontario family in 2012? How did the City of Toronto spend its 8.9 percent share of taxes paid by 2-3 the average Toronto family in 2012? What's New in this Year's Report? 4 Summary of Toronto’s Performance Results 4 Internal Comparison of Toronto’s 2011 vs. 2010 results Service/activity level indicator trends 5 Performance measurement result trends 6-7 Comparing Toronto’s 2011 results externally to other Canadian municipalities Service/activity level indicators (quartile results) 8 Performance measurement results (quartile results) 9-10 Continuous Improvement Initiatives – What Actions are Toronto’s Service Areas Taking to Further Improve Operations and Performance Initiatives to improve customer service 11-12 Efficiency improvement initiatives 12-13 Initiatives to improve effectiveness 13-15 Initiatives to improve the quality of life of Torontonians 15 Other Methods of Assessing Toronto’s Progress Toronto’s award-winning initiatives 16 The City Manager's Awards for Toronto Public Service Excellence 16 Other indicator reports 17 Toronto in international rankings and reports 17-21 Global City