Human Reproduction Update, Vol.21, No.4 pp. 411–426, 2015 Advanced Access publication on March 22, 2015 doi:10.1093/humupd/dmv016 Infertility around the globe: new thinking on gender, reproductive technologies and global movements in the 21st century Marcia C. Inhorn1,* and Pasquale Patrizio2 1Department of Anthropology, Yale University, 10 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8277, USA 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale Fertility Center, Yale School of Medicine, 150 Sargent Drive, 2nd Floor, New Haven, CT 06511-6110, USA Downloaded from *Correspondence address. Tel: +1-203-432-4510; E-mail:
[email protected] Submitted on September 1, 2014; resubmitted on January 30, 2015; accepted on February 28, 2015 table of contents http://humupd.oxfordjournals.org/ ........................................................................................................................... † Introduction † Methods † Infertility demography † Globalization of ART † ART and changing gender relations † The LCIVF movement † Catastrophic expenditure and CBRC † Future directions by Geeta Nargund on July 11, 2015 † Conclusion background: Infertility is estimated to affect as many as 186 million people worldwide. Although male infertility contributes to more than half of all cases of global childlessness, infertility remains a woman’s social burden. Unfortunately, areas of the world with the highest rates of infertility are often those with poor access to assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs). In such settings, women may be abandoned to their