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DIE SCILLY-INSELN Die Scilly-Inseln Liegen 45 Km SW Land's

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DIE SCILLY-INSELN Die Scilly-Inseln Liegen 45 Km SW Land's Eva Leuze: Die Scilly-Inseln 93 - Peucker, K.: Der Bergschatten die Einschrankung solar Tonne, F.: Besser Bauen. Mit Besonnungs- und Tageslicht klimatischer Faktoren durch ein Bergprofil und ihre planung. Schorndorf 1954. in: Verhandl. d. 12. Dtsch. Geo graphische Ermittelung, Troll, C: Studien zur vergleichenden Geographie der Berlin S. 225-252. graphentages Jena 1897, 1897, Hochgebirge der Erde. Bericht d. 23. Hauptvers. d. Ges. in Ost-West Prohaska, K.: Sonnenbestrahlungsverhaltnisse d. Freunde u. Forderer d. Univ. Bonn, in: Bonner Mit enden in: Met. Zeitschr. S. 69. verlauf Talern, 1928, teil. H. 21, 1941. Roller, M.: Charakteristische Besonnungstypen der Ost Troll, C.: Buflerschnee in den Hochgebirgen der Erde, in: alpenlander, in: Wetter und Leben 9, 1957, S. 96-99. Peterm. Mitteil. Erg. H. 240, Gotha 1942. Kuhmann, H.: Ober den Einflufi des Neigungswinkels auf u. C.: Die Landschaft und ihre Erfor die Flachen- und Ertragsverhaltnisse, in: Technik Troll, geographische in: Studium 1950, Landwirtschaft, H. 4,1961, S. 84-88. schung, Generale, Berlin, Gottingen, S. 163-181. Sauberer, F. und Dirmhirn, I.: Das Strahlungsklima, in: Heidelberg, Klimatographie von Osterreich, Dsterreichische Akademie Troll, C.: Die dreidimensionale Landschaftsgliederung der der Wissenschaften. Denkschriften der Gesamtakademie, Erde, in: Hermann-v.-Wissmann-Festschrift. Hrsg. v. Bd. 3,1, Wien 1958, S. 13-102. A. Leidlmair. Tubingen 1962, S. 54-80. A.: Die Flachen durch die Schedler, Bestrahlung geneigter Turner, H.: Uber das Licht- und Strahlungsklima einer in: Zentralanst. f. Met. u. Wien Sonne, Jahrb. Geodyn. Hanglage der Dtztaler Alpen, in: Arch. f. Met., Geoph. N.F. S. 52-64. 87, 1950, u. Bioklimatol., Serie B 8, 1958, S. 273-325. Schubert, J.: Die Sonnenstrahlung im mittleren Nord Vessereau, M.: L'adret et Tubac dans les Alpes Occiden deutschland nach den Messungen in Potsdam, in: Met. tales, in: Ann. d. 1921, S. 321-333. Zeitschr. 1928, S. 1-16. Geographie Shanks, R. E. und Norris, F.: Microclimatic variation in Zangerl, J. Chr.: Chronik des Paznauntales. Handschrift a small valley in eastern Tennessee, in: Ecology 31, 1950, aus dem Pfarrarchiv in Ischgl (mit einzelnen Nachtragen), S. 532-539. Ischgl 1837. DIE SCILLY-INSELN Mit 5 Abbildungen und 6 Bildern Eva Leuze Summary:The Isles of Scilly wohnten Inseln, mehr als hundert Felseilanden und zahllosen The Isles of Scilly experience a maritime climate, similar Klippen (Abb. 1).Geologisch liegen to that in parts of Chile and New Zealand, with a low die Inseln im Bereich des Armorikanischen Mas annual range of temperature. sivs; sie bestehen ganz aus Granit und stehen in Due to this flowers can be grown and harvested in win genetischem Zusammenhang mit den vier Granit ter,when they sell at a high price in the big cities of Eng land. massiven der Halbinsel von Devon und Cornwall, To protect the delicate daffodils from Atlantic gales, deren und Dartmoor ist. - grofites hochstgelegenes high evergreen windbreaks are grown around the fields as mainly of plants from the southern hemisphere, such Natur der Inseln Pittosporum, Euonymus, Veronica, and Escallonia. The Das Relief der Inseln ist effect of the climate, especially the wind, on the vegetation grofieren flachwellig of the islands is dealt with. mit sanften Kuppen und marinen Terrassen. Der Over 90 ?/o of the population used to be engaged in the hochste Punkt, 50 m, liegt auf St. Mary's. Sanft flower trade as means of recent their only living. During vielfach Buchten, ein ver the tourist has become more and more im geschwungene, sandige years industry schieden hoher Granitsockel oder Kliffs mit portant, claiming labour that is needed on the flower farms. phan tastischen die durch die Struktur des Young people leave their homes to have their secondary Felsformen, education in Doarding schools on the mainland. This means Granits bedingtsind, bilden die Kiiste. Diinen gibt most never return to that of them will their homes, having es im Siiden und Osten der Insel Tresco. Die ge trained for for which are no professions there opportunities samte Flache der Inseln nur km2. in the islands. betragt 16,4 St. hat daran einen Anteil von etwa 6 km2. Shortage of labour and bad flower seasons will encourage Mary's many farmers to take in visitors during the summer, to the Die anderen bewohnten Inseln sind der Grofie detriment of the flower Communications have industry. nach Tresco, St. Martin's, Bryher und St. Agnes altered greatly. Tourism has invaded the shores of these mit Gugh. Samson ist die grofite der heute un islands; it might have the effect of superseding the still - bewohnten Inseln. flourishing 80 year old flower trade a new change in the ever changing economy of the islands. This is characteristic Die kleineren Inseln sind sehr vielgestaltig. of all marginal areas, where life is hard and people have Manche sind flache Granitbuckel und ragen nur to adapt themselves to circumstances in order to find the wenige Meter iiber den Meeresspiegel. Andere best way of gaining a living. sehen aus wie grofie Gerollhaufen. Gelegentlich sind sie durch Sandbanke miteinander verbunden, Die Scilly-Inselnliegen 45 km SW Land's End, die bei Ebbe trockenliegen.Einige Felseilande sind der im Siidwestspitze Englands, Atlantik (49? hohe, unzugangliche Klippen. Dazu gehort Scilly Es ist eine von 55'N, 6?20,W). Gruppe fiinf be Rock im Nordwesten, der dem Archipel seinen ^2 Garrison ^^C's Annetgf> ^K*M-I1|'C.Gugh1-^ \4Samson$JJ^S^ St.Agnes^^SX6 ^ ~-?_______j1^'^<~_ <ovsXeS '-1-125 7 1 ?* ^^^^S^^tjpi^^ ^ \ ScillyRock^25 ^e^i2*Km1*?BishopRock0 6o20.w .-.-AI' Eva Leuze: Die Scilly-Inseln 95 Namen gab. Nur 100 x 200 m grofi und 25 m ten. Der Jahresniederschlag istmit 750 mm gerin hoch, ist dieser Felsblock mit anderen seiner Um ger als auf dem 'mainland', der Halbinsel von gebung weithin sichtbar, da an ihnen der Gischt Devon und Cornwall, und ist ziemlich gleichmafiig der atlantischen Wogen hoch aufspriiht. Hanjague, uber das Jahr verteilt (Maximum im Dezember). in der ostlichen Inselgruppe, ist ein unnahbarer, Die Luftfeuchtigkeit ist immer sehr hoch. 20 m hoher Granitblock. Alle Vorspriinge und Einen Eindruck von dem milden, ausgegliche Nischen des kahlen Felsens sind von langhalsigen nen Klima vermitteln die Abbey Gardens der In Kormoranen besetzt, die von dort aus Fischfang sel Tresco. Baumfarne, Fuchsien und Mesembry betreiben. Auf Annet, westlich St. Agnes, und anthemum ('ice plant'; neuerdings Disphyma etlichen kleinen Inseln nahebei sind im Torf unter australe genannt) sprechen fiir das ozeanische einem Teppich von Grasnelken die Nisthohlen Klima der Inseln, wie es ahnlich inWestpatago des 'Puffin' (Fratercula arctica grabae) und'Manx nien und Teilen von Neuseeland angetroffen Shearwater' (Puff inns puff inns puffinus). Die wird. Von den Touristen werden jedoch vorwie Scilly-Inseln sind ein beriihmter Brutplatz zahl gend allerlei Palmen, Yuccas und Bananen be reicher Seevogel. Seehunde, Delphine, Tummler wundert, die ihnen den Beweis liefern, dafi sie und Riesenhaie bereichern das Tierleben rund um ihren Urlaub im 'sonnigen Siiden' verbringen. die Inseln, in deren Bereich die See von einem Diesem Klima verdanken die Bewohner der - Scilly tiefen, klaren Blau ist ein deutlicher Gegensatz Inseln den Wohlstand der letzten 70-80 Jahre. zu den graugriinen Wassern der Kanalkiiste. Seit 1870 hat man sich dort auf den Anbau von Im Inneren der grofieren Inseln ist der Granit Narzissen spezialisiert, die zur Jahreswende den von einer bis 3 m machtigen Verwitterungsschicht Blumenmarkt von London und den anderen Grofi bedeckt. Die Boden, die sich darauf entwickelt stadten Englands beherrschen. haben, sind sandig oder sandig-lehmig. Die 'moor die nicht kultivierten Flachen in land'-Areale, Geschichte der Besiedlung und Wirtschaft haben oder Torf exponierten Lagen, Flugsand- Die waren boden Am Gesamtareal der Inseln haben Scilly-Inseln bereits in vorgeschicht (Bild 1). licher Zeit an sie einen Anteil von 60%. Sie sind bedeckt besiedelt. Sie sind reich archaologi schen Funden. Zu der Neuzeit hatten sie von Heidekraut, Stechginster ('gorse'), Adlerfarn Beginn etwa 250 Einwohner, die von Land ('bracken'), Grasern oder 'sea pink' (Armeria ma vorwiegend wirtschaft und lebten. Im ritima). Auf den bewohnten Inseln, vor allem auf erganzendem Fischfang 18. Jahrhundert nahm die felsigem Grund, kommen noch die von der Siid Bevolkerung plotzlich sehr stark zu. Schon 1724 war die eines halbkugel stammenden Gattungen Mesembryan Schaffung themum und Muehlenbeckia hinzu. Bei aller Klein Armengesetzes notwendig. Klima und Boden setzen der Landwirtschaft eine raumigkeit herrscht in diesem Inselreich eine durch Grenze. Selbst heute liefie sich kaum weiteres Land Exposition und Gelande Vielfalt von bedingte urbar machen. Eine Boden und vom nassen Torf Vergrofierung des Ernte Bodenbedeckung, lafit sich nur moor bis zur trockenen Heide reichend. Ortstein ertrages durch eine Intensivierung wie sie im 18. findet sich an vielen Stellen. erreichen, Jahrhundert nicht moglich war. Heute sind die Inseln in der von dem Das Klima der Inseln ist hochozeanisch und sogar Lage, Erlos des marktorientierten Blumenanbaus und noch milder als das bekannte von Killarney in des sommerlichen Fremdenverkehrs alle Einwoh Siidwest-Irland. Die mittlere Jahresschwankung ner zu ernahren. Landwirtschaft, und betragt nur 8,9? C1). Die mittlere Temperatur des Fischfang von zur Soda kaltesten Monats, Februar, ist + 7,2? C, die der 'kelp-making' (Brennen Seetang gewinnung) pragten das Bild beiden warmsten Monate, Juli und August,
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