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Ipswich Soil Management Guidelines Table of Contents

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Ipswich Soil Management Guidelines Table of Contents Ipswich Soil Management Guidelines Table of contents Section 1 1. Introduction .................................................................................. 1 1.1 Purpose of guidelines ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Background and area covered ........................................................................................... 1 Section 2 2. How to use the guidelines ........................................................... 2 2.1 Using the guidelines .............................................................................................................. 2 2.2 Identify soil type using the mapping ............................................................................... 2 2.3 Soil observations and testing ............................................................................................. 4 3. Soil Type Key ................................................................................. 9 Section 3 4. Soil Type Confirmation and Review ......................................... 10 4.1 Vertosols (Cracking clay soils) ..........................................................................................10 4.2 Hydrosols (Waterlogged soils) .........................................................................................14 4.3 Kurosols (Acidic texture contrast soils) .........................................................................17 4.4 Sodosols (Sodic, alkaline, texture contrast soils) ......................................................21 4.5 Chromosols (Neutral texture contrast soils) ...............................................................25 4.6 Dermosols (Non-cracking clay to clay loam soils) ...................................................29 4.7 Kandosols (Sandy textured soils) ....................................................................................33 4.8 Stratic Rudosols (Deep layered alluvial soils) .............................................................36 4.9 Leptic Rudosols and Tenosols (Shallow stony soils) ................................................39 5. General Soil Management Principles ....................................... 42 5.1 Erosion, drainage and sediment control requirements ..........................................42 5.2 Soil handling techniques and rehabilitation ...............................................................43 6. Glossary ....................................................................................... 44 7. References ................................................................................... 48 Produced and published by Amec Foster Wheeler, Ipswich City Council and Ipswich Rivers Improvement Trust. Disclaimer This publication is made available for information purposes only and on the basis that users remain responsible for satisfying themselves as to its accuracy, completeness and currency. All images remain property of the original author and are used purely for educational purposes only and may not be reproduced without further approval. The publisher accepts no liability and (including liability for negligence) for any loss or damage (including consequential or indirect loss or damage) that may be incurred as a result of any person’s use of this publication. Ipswich Soil Management Guidelines Introduction 1 1.1 Purpose of guidelines 1.2 Background and area covered The Ipswich Soil Management Guidelines (the The best available soils mapping for the Ipswich guideline) is designed to provide preliminary area is presented in “Evaluation of Agricultural support for the identification of soil type(s) and soil Land Suitability Moreton Shire” (Hass 1987). properties which can be used to develop practical soil management measures for a site. The agricultural land suitability mapping was conducted at a scale of 1:100,000. The Ipswich The guideline is aimed at informing planning urban area was not mapped by Hass (1987), decisions, maximising returns on economic these areas have been mapped at a similar investment, protecting infrastructure, preventing scale and site intensity by the Ipswich Rivers environmental harm and ensuring sustainable land Improvement Trust and Ipswich City Council use. (IRIT and ICC 2014). This combined soils map has been provided (p.3) to make up the The guideline focuses on soils of the Ipswich area entire extent of the Ipswich Soil Management and contains a description of soil properties for each Guidelines (174,130ha). soil type which have management implications for a wide range of activities including: The soil map units provided by Hass (1987) • Construction and maintenance of roads and were classified using the Great Soil Group other service infrastructure (e.g. stormwater, system (Stace et al. 1968), which has now been potable water, sewers) replaced by The Australian Soil Classification System (Isbell 2002). As a consequence the • Construction works (e.g. building, installation soil map units provided by Hass (1987) have of minor infrastructure in parks) and been assigned a corresponding Australian landscaping Soil Classification (ASC) and include any other • Planning, designing, approving and monitoring associated soils where appropriate as the development activities two classification systems are not directly comparable. The IRIT and ICC (2014) mapping • Any other activities that require the excavation used the ASC System (Isbell 2002). or disturbance of soils. The guideline has been designed so that users do The soils presented in this guideline refer to not require a detailed technical knowledge of soils, relatively natural soil profiles; those in disturbed however, simple skills such as field texturing and a areas will often be modified and are commonly basic knowledge of soil terminology are assumed (a referred to as Anthroposols (Isbell 2002) or brief glossary is included at p.44). man-made soils. The guideline does not attempt to provide comprehensive soil and land management The guideline is intended for recommendations, but focuses on the identification use by Ipswich City Council staff, of key soil properties that will influence design, planning and management responses. The developers, construction and management implications of these soil properties maintenance contractors, and can be applied to a diverse range of projects anyone else interested in finding through the various planning, design, construction out more about soils in the and operational project phases. Ipswich area. The guideline is a standalone document used to provide direction on identifying soil properties and management issues. The advice provided is intended to be consistent with industry standards and regulations published elsewhere (e.g. IECA 2008). This guideline does not replace existing standards and regulations. Ipswich Soil Management Guidelines Section 1 2 How to use the guidelines 2.1 Using the guideline 2.2 Identify soil type using the mapping The use of this guideline is based on four steps: There are nine soil types (Australian Soil Classification System, (Isbell 2002) occurring in the Ipswich area 1. Identify soil type using the mapping (p. 3) which are presented in this guideline. Use the soil type mapping presented on page 3 to identify the likely soil Use the soil maps on page 3 to narrow down the type at your site. likely soils present. For each of the 22 mapping units identified by Hass 2. Conduct soil observations and testing (p. 4-8) (1987) and IRIT and ICC (2014), the dominant and sub- Undertake site obversations/tests on a soil dominant soil types are listed (Map 1). Natural variation exposure or core (if available) and use the key of the soils means there are limitations of the mapping provided at page 9 to identify the most likely soil at this scale, and as a result it is not possible to cover type from those mapped. all possibilities in each mapping unit. 3. Soil type confirmation (p. 10-41) Go to the relevant soil type and review the photos and information to confirm soil type. 4. Review soil properties and management procedures Key soil properties are presented for each soil type, including information on how the soil responds to human activities or environmental conditions and relevant management responses/ measures. General soil management principles are presented on pages 42-43. These principles are applicable to all soil types. Section 2 Ipswich Soil Management Guidelines How to use the guidelines 3 Map 1 Ipswich soil mapping, including Ipswich City Council boundary Ipswich Soil Management Guidelines Section 2 4 How to use the guidelines 2.3 Soil observations and testing This section contains some basic observations and simple For each horizon in the profile, the following items tests that can be used to assist in the identification of should be described: your soil type and soil properties (adapted from: Harms • Surface condition (surface horizon only) and Claridge 2001). • Horizon layer extent (upper and lower depth); • Texture; Undertake site observations and tests on a soil exposure • structure; (e.g. gully, cutting, excavation) or core if available and use • slaking and dispersion the key provided (p. 9) to identify the most likely soil type • colour; from those mapped. • pH; roots and other biological activity; The following sections outline simple soil observations • presence of gravels; and tests used to describe and characterise a soil. • stone or other characteristic materials such as calcium carbonate (lime), manganese (soft- hard, black charcoal-like
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