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Second Edition Sex Education and Other Programs That Work to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, HIV & Sexually Transmitted Infections Second Edition

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Second Edition Sex Education and Other Programs That Work to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, HIV & Sexually Transmitted Infections Second Edition SCIENCE AND SUCCESS Second Edition Sex Education and Other Programs That Work to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, HIV & Sexually Transmitted Infections Second Edition SCIENCE AND SUCCESS Second Edition Sex Education and Other Programs that Work to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections Second Edition Advocates for Youth Washington, DC 2008 © 2003, 2008 Advocates for Youth James Wagoner, President 2000 M Street NW, Suite 750 Washington, DC, 20036 www.advocatesforyouth.org email: [email protected] Advocates for Youth – Helping young people make safe and responsible decisions about sex Advocates for Youth is dedicated to creating programs and advocating for policies that help young people make informed and responsible decisions about their reproductive and sexual health. Advocates provides information, training, and strategic assistance to youth-serving organizations, policy makers, youth activists, and the media in the United States and the developing world. This document is a revised and enlarged version of the fi rst edition, published in 2003. Both were principally researched and compiled by Sue Alford, with assistance from Emily Bridges, Tanya Gonzalez, Laura Davis, and Debra Hauser. ISBN: 0-913843-34-5 www.advocatesforyouth.org Science & Success, Second Edition Table of Contents Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................v Table A. Effective Programs: Impact on Adolescents’ Risk for Pregnancy, HIV & STI Programs .............................................viii Table B. Effective Programs: Settings and Populations Served...........................................................................................................x Program Descriptions and Evaluation Results Section I. School-Based Programs ..........................................................................................................................................................3 1. AIDS Prevention for Adolescents in School ....................................................................................................................4 2. Get Real about AIDS .............................................................................................................................................................8 3. Postponing Sexual Involvement (Augmenting a Five-Session Human Sexuality Curriculum) ..........................10 4. Postponing Sexual Involvement, Human Sexuality and Health Screening .............................................................14 5. Reach for Health Community Youth Service ...................................................................................................................18 6. Reducing the Risk .................................................................................................................................................................22 7. Safer Choices .........................................................................................................................................................................26 8. School / Community Program for Sexual Risk Reduction among Teens .................................................................30 9. Seattle Social Development Project .................................................................................................................................34 10. Self Center (School-linked health center) .......................................................................................................................38 11. Teen Outreach Project (TOP) ............................................................................................................................................42 Section II. Community-Based Programs ...............................................................................................................................................47 12. Abecedarian Project ............................................................................................................................................................48 13. Adolescents Living Safely ...................................................................................................................................................52 14. Be Proud! Be Responsible! ...............................................................................................................................................56 15. Becoming a Responsible Teen ...........................................................................................................................................60 16. California’s Adolescent Sibling Pregnancy Prevention Program .............................................................................64 17. Children’s Aid Society – Carrera Program ....................................................................................................................68 18. Community-Level HIV Prevention for Adolescents in Low-Income Developments ..............................................72 19. ¡Cuidate! .................................................................................................................................................................................76 20. Making Proud Choices! .......................................................................................................................................................80 21. Poder Latino ...........................................................................................................................................................................84 Section III. Clinic-Based Programs ........................................................................................................................................................87 22. HIV Risk Reduction for African American and Latina Teenage Women .................................................................88 23. Project SAFE (Sexual Awareness for Everyone) ...........................................................................................................92 24. SiHLE ......................................................................................................................................................................................98 25. Tailoring Family Planning Services to the Special Needs of Adolescents .............................................................102 26. TLC: Together Learning Choices ....................................................................................................................................106 Glossary of Terms ............................................................................................................................................................................................109 References ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................110 Science & Success, Second Edition iii www.advocatesforyouth.org Science and Success, Second Edition: Sex Education and Other Programs that Work to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, HIV & Sexually Transmitted Infections Introduction Until recently, teen pregnancy and birth rates had declined steadily in the United States in recent years. Despite these declines, the United States has the highest teen birth rate and one of the highest rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among all industrialized nations. To help young people reduce their risk for pregnancy and STIs, including HIV, program planners should look to the body of available evaluation and research to identify effective programs. To this end, Advocates for Youth established a set of stringent criteria for determining program effectiveness. Staff then conducted an exhaustive literature review. This paper describes only those programs that meet the rigorous criteria listed below. Criteria for Inclusion—The programs included in this document all had evaluations that: • Were published in peer-reviewed journals (a proxy for the quality of the evaluation design and analysis); • Used an experimental or quasi-experimental evaluation design, with treatment and control / comparison conditions; • Included at least 100 young people in treatment and control / comparison groups. Further, the evaluations either: • Continued to collect data from both groups at three months or later after intervention And • Demonstrated that the program led to at least two positive behavior changes among program youth, relative to controls: o Postponement or delay of sexual initiation; o Reduction in the frequency of sexual intercourse; o Reduction in the number of sexual partners / increase in monogamy; o Increase in the use, or consistency of use, of effective methods of contraception and/or condoms; o Reduction in the incidence of unprotected sex. Or: • Showed effectiveness in reducing rates of pregnancy, STIs, or HIV in intervention youth, relative to controls. Program Effects: Twenty-six programs met the criteria described above: these 26 programs strongly affected the behaviors and/or sexual health outcomes of youth exposed to the program. Science & Success, Second Edition v www.advocatesforyouth.org • Risk Avoidance Through Abstinence: 14 programs demonstrated a statistically signifi cant delay in the timing of fi rst sex among program youth,
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