*

91* AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE * * JOURNAL * * 7

43 SJORIS. REDUCTION TO (2500 R % °oms) 25 OF SOLID CO MF DIPLOMATIC AND ORT CONSULAR SERVICE

Under the pinnacled, cloud-draped roofs of this giant modern hotel, every inch of space is devoted to one aim — Iff your comfort! Such smooth, instantane¬ ous service, such charming rooms, such RATES AS LOW AS truly epicurean food as the Hotel New Yorker offers is hard to duplicate at $ low New Yorker rates. Make this trip A DAY Every room has both tub and shower, a far pleasanter one (thriftier as well) by full-length mirrors, circulating ice water, stopping here. Direct tunnel connection Servidor, bed and dresser lamps, radio. Note: the special rate reduction applies only to to Pennsylvania Station and subways. rooms on which the rate is $4 a day or more. HOTEL NEW YORKER 3 4TH STREET AT EIGHTH AVENUE • NEW YORK CITY Directed by National Hotel Management Co., Inc ■ Ralph Hitz, President

HOTELS BOOK-CADILLAC, DETROIT; NETHERLAND PLAZA, CINCINNATI; VAN CLEVE, DAYTON JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

CONTENTS COVER PICTURE: PAVILION OF THE MURMUR¬ ING WATERS OF SPRING, HANGCHOW, CHINA (See also page 240) MACY’S How THE WORLD GETS THE WORLD’S NEWS By Henry L. Sweinhart 221 EXPORT DIVISION PROGRESS OF FOREIGN SERVICE LEGISLATION By Lowell C. Pinkerton 225 “I FLY THE ANDES”—By Anna M. O’NeilL 226 will SELECT, MEMORIES (Poem)-—J. E. H 229

A STREET SCENE IN FEZ Photograph by Thomas M. Wilson 230 PACK, and A BRITISH EXPORT TO CHINA By Jnlean Arnold 231 SHIP FOR YOU LA CEIBA, HONDURAS: A WIFE’S FIRST POST By Mrs. Nelson R. Park 232 all types of merchandise AN AFRICAN SAFARI: HUNTING RHINOCEROS By Harold Shantz 234 A UNIQUE CONSULAR DISTRICT: ST. STEPHEN, ★ A corps of 20 experienced N. B.—By Ernest W. Fitzpatrick 236 export shoppers at your ser- EDITORIAL NOTE 240

NEWS FROM THE DEPARTMENT... 241 vice for mail and personal CARNIVAL AT BASEL, SWITZERLAND 243 orders. One of these shop- 244 NEWS FROM THE FIELD pers will shop with you in the FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES 248 store, when you are in New BIRTHS AND MARRIAGES 250 IN MEMORIAM ! 251 York. Address all communica- AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE PROTECTIVE AS¬ tions to Export Division, 4th SOCIATION. Annual Report 252 Floor, 7th Avenue Building, THE DRAKE ESTATE—By Guy W. Ray 254 RULES OF FOREIGN SOCIETY 258 R. H. Macy & Co., Inc., N. Y. A POLITICAL BOOKSHELF—By Cyril Wynne 260 THE WASHINGTON ALPHABET: NEW DEAL "IT’S SMART TO BE THRIFTY" AGENCIES . 262 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE CHANGES 266

BOOK REVIEW: STATELESSNESS By John J. Scanlon 266 ON THE COURSE OF EVENTS By Henry L. Deimel, Jr 269 MACY’S 34th Street and Broadway, New York BUDAPEST AND EDINBURGH By Thomas D. Bowman 274 The endeavor to sell its merchandise for at least six per cent less than it coidd if it did not sell exclusively TEN YEARS AGO 275 for cash is the keynote of Macy’s price policy. We are not infallible, but we do our best to live up to A SKELETON—By A. Nonymouse 276 this endeavor within the limits of N. R. A. LETTERS 280 217 REACHING ROUND the WORLD

Postal Telegraph is the only American telegraph company that Telegraph ... cable... radio. One speeds offers a world-wide service of coordinated telegraph,cable and your message across the land. Another radio communications under a single management. Through the great International System of which Postal Telegraph is flashes it under the sea. The third wings a part, it reaches Europe, Asia, The Orient over Commercial Cables ; Central America, South America and the West Indies it through the air. over All America Cables ; and ships at sea via Mackay Radio. All three do the same work. All coopera¬ ting with one another...each carrying on THE where the others leave off. All of them part of the world-wide International System INTERNATIONAL of coordinated communication facilities. Postal Telegraph and its allied units in SYSTEM 'Postal Telegraph the International System offer you the speed...the accuracy...and the efficiency Commercial Clll Qmenca Cables Cables that result when cooperation is complete. Use Postal Telegraph...to EVERYWHERE. tUachag "Radio 218 INDEX OF ADVERTISERS American Express Company - 259 American Security and Trust Company 249 Bacardi, Santiago De Cuba — 271 Chesterfield Cigarettes - 220 Thoughts of Choiseul, Hotel de France et—Paris 271 Continental Hotel—Paris 271 Dunapalota Hotel—Budapest _ 271 WASHINGTON Federal Storage Company. 258 Goodyear Tire and Rubber Export Company 255 Grace, W. R., and Company 273 Gude Bros. Co 273 Harris and Ewing . 267 F OREIGN Service Hungaria, Hotel—Budapest 271 Officers Have A Particular Huntington Press_..__ 250 International System 218 Interest In The Many Lafayette Hotel 263 Activities of Government. Macy’s ■ 217 Manhattan Storage and Warehouse Company 250 • When next you visit Martinique Hotel 274 The Capital, stay at the insti¬ Mayflower Hotel 219 tution where international per¬ Merchants Transfer and Storage Company 279 sonages reside and great events Middleton, Mrs. Lewis 267 occur. Munson Steamship Lines 274 National Geographic Magazine 261 Single Rooms from $4 New Yorker Hotel II Cover Pagani’s Restaurant—London 271 Double Rooms from $6 Palace-Ambassadeurs Hotel—Romo 271 Subject to a Diplomatic Pan-American Airways, Inc 267 Discount Park Lane Hotel—London 271 Plaza Hotel 251 Powhatan Hotel 250 Ritz Hotel—Mexico City 271 Rockefeller Center III Cover Savoy-Plaza Hotel _ . 251 Security Storage Company of Washington 249 Socony-Vacuum Corporation 265 Strasbourg, Restaurant Brasserie de—Marseilles 271 Terminus Hotel—Marseilles 271 Underwood Elliott Fisher Company 275 United Fruit Company__ 257 United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company 277 United States Lines— . 263 United States Steel Products Co 277 Von Zielinski, Carl M. I- 277 Waldorf-Astoria Hotel IV Cover Willard Hotel 257 Woodward and Lothrop 253

To patronize our advertisers is to insure a bigger and better Journal for our Service.

219

THE

FOREIGN S JOURNAL

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION

VOL. XI, No. 5 WASHINGTON, D. C. MAY, 1934

IIow the World Gets the World’s News

By HENRY L. SWEINHART

ING-A-LING-A-LING! Ting-a-ling-a-ling! the other hand the State Department may have “Hello!” answers the correspondent of one received the information first, and be able, there¬ of the American press associations, as his telephone fore, promptly to confirm, correct or supplement in the press room at the State Department rings. news dispatches concerning which inquiry is made. “New York has a rumor that a revolution has Most likely, also, officials of the Department will broken out in Nurovia,” says the editor at the other he in position to give some “background” of in¬ end of the line. “See if the State Department has formation as to the circumstances surrounding the anything on it. Get any comment you can from particular event, so that the correspondents here officials there, and find out if they had heard any¬ can elaborate or explain the causes and describe thing of trouble brewing there. Inquire, too, as to the setting and personalities connected with the how many Americans are there, and what American happening. interests may be jeopardized.” From its numerous and far-flung representatives The wheels are started. Probably before the abroad the State Department continually is receiv¬ press reporter has hung up his ’phone, newspapers ing messages which contain “news.” If these are in the larger cities throughout the United States, not “confidential” and if they are of general public which by this time will have received a “bulletin” interest, they are given to the press. The State De¬ from the New York office of the press association, partment, therefore, while not created for that par¬ will be preparing to “go on the street” with a ticular purpose and while it does not function “streamer head” announcing the report of the Nu¬ with news-gathering and news-distribution primar¬ rovia revolution. ily in mind, nevertheless serves as a valuable ad¬ The reporter at the State Department inquires junct in keeping the people of the United States, as to what has been received there, and if no mes¬ as well as of other countries, promptly and re¬ sage has yet arrived regarding the reported dis¬ liably informed of what is happening in the world turbance, a cable of inquiry is probably sent at at large. At the same time the State Department, once, or a transoceanic telephone call put through through its Division of Current Information, tries to to the American Legation. keep its diplomatic representatives and its consular News gathering at the State Department in Wash¬ agents everywhere informed, through a press sum¬ ington reaches out into all parts of the world, and mary, which is mailed to them regularly twice a in these days of speedy communication via cable, week, of the world’s leading happenings of interest radio and telephone no event of importance can to them. Reports of the “press conferences” held happen in any corner of the globe without some in Washington with the Secretary of State daily, report of it quickly reaching Washington. Press also are mailed to the embassies and legations. advices, or in certain instances a report to some The members of the press “cover” the State De¬ large corporation from one of its agents abroad, partment every day in the year, Sundays and holi¬ may reach this country before the Government has days included. Not only the press of the United received any official message on the subject. On States but the press of the world, as well, is rep- 221 resented in this or if they receive group, because the a query from their leading foreign home office, they press associations get in touch by and some of the telephone with the more important Division of Cur¬ newspapers of the rent Information world maintain cor- which serves as a respondents SECRETARY lit LL AT A STATE DEPARTMENT PRESS “clearing house” in Washington, who CONFERENCE in the Department find the State De¬ Two Hours Later: The News Comes Off the Press for the press. partment a valu¬ Directly or in¬ able source of news for them. A “press room,” directly news gleaned at the State Department goes with telephones, typewriters and all other needed to all parts of the world. Some is sent by the news facilities, has been set aside for their use. The bureau or the individual correspondent to the for¬ representatives of the great news-gathering agen¬ eign paper or papers represented; some reaches cies are constantly “on guard” at the Department, them through allied news agencies in other coun¬ in order that there may not be a minute’s delay in tries, which in turn distribute it to the papers they dispatching any important news to their hundreds serve. The difference in time between the United of widely scattered newspaper clients, with an edi¬ States and many foreign countries plays an im¬ tion going to press somewhere with almost every portant part in the sending of stories from Wash¬ tick of the clock. The correspondents in Washing¬ ington. In order to “catch” the morning editions ton of the principal newspapers of the United in Europe, for instance, it is necessary to dispatch States make regular visits to the State Department, these messages, except in the case of a most urgent a number of them attending the daily press con¬ “bulletin,” not later than mid-afternoon, so there ferences held by the Secretary; and in the inter¬ is always clock-watching as the hour for going to vals, if any matter arises in which they are interested press approaches. 222 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

At his daily conferences with the press, the Secre¬ gested, he may wish to give to the press. The Sec¬ tary answers questions which are put to him ver¬ retary then proceeds to the diplomatic room, where bally by the newspaper men—or women, of whom portraits of previous secretaries of state look down there are now a considerable number in Washing¬ from the surrounding walls, and takes his place at ton and some of whom occasionally attend the Sec¬ the head of the long, ebony table at which many retary’s gatherings with the press. These meetings treaties and conventions and other historic state are held in the large reception room, adjoining the documents have been signed. Secretary’s office. The number of correspondents The Secretary begins by making any announce¬ present varies, depending to a considerable degree ment he desires, or by reading any statement which on whether some particularly interesting and sig¬ has been prepared for the press. The newspaper nificant event or situation in the foreign news field men standing around the table then question him is transpiring. If some tense or threatening situ¬ in regard to any reports or subjects in which they ation has developed abroad somewhere, or if the are interested. He answers them as fully and as Secretary is expected to have some important an¬ freely as he is able. A definite understanding nouncement in regard to this country’s policy or exists, however, as to how the information he gives possible action on a certain question, a large group them may be used. For this purpose, four cate¬ will assemble for his conference. gories have been created. The Secretary, or the As the hour nears for the Secretary’s meeting Department, may be quoted directly only when a with the members of the press, the Chief of the prepared statement has been issued, or when the Division of Current Information goes to his office Secretary gives specific authorization permitting to notify him of this fact; and also carries to him what he says to be attributed to him directly. The certain items which have been gathered from the Secretary, or the Department, may be quoted in¬ chiefs of the various divisions and which, it is sug¬ directly when answer is made to a question, unless

BUSY EDITORIAL OFFICE WHIPS THE NEWS INTO SHAPE “Your Morning Paper, Sir.” Newsboy Delivering the Finished Product.

Harry Goodwin, Washington, D. C. JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL the Secretary in making his answer, says that the information or background material. information which he has given is to be used only News which develops at the White House, the as “background,” in which case the correspondent Capitol and in the various other Government de¬ may avail himself of the benefit of the suggestion partments often has an angle at the State Depart¬ or facts of which he is advised, without attributing ment. Legislation with a foreign interest or affect¬ it, either directly or indirectly, to the Secretary or ing foreign relations often has a “follow” at the official Department sources. This aids the cor¬ State Department, or comment may be obtained respondent in writing his story, because he has from officials there as to the events leading up to been given certain facts concerning the matter in its introduction, whether the Administration fa¬ question, or he has gained an idea as to the Depart¬ vors it or not, and as to what its effect would be ment’s thought in the matter. Occasionally, in re¬ on the relations of this country with the other na¬ sponse to a delicate question or to one which con¬ tion or nations concerned. The correspondents at cerns a situation he is not yet ready to discuss for the State Department, therefore, keep in touch with publication, the Secretary will speak in the fourth the White House, the Capitol and other Depart¬ category which has been set up for the handling of ments, or with other representatives maintained the press conferences, and he will explain a situa¬ there by their associations in order to supplement tion “confidentially.” Information coming under their news reports. If the Secretary or one of the this fourth category cannot be used for publication officials of the Department, for instance, goes to the at all, at least not for the time being; but the mem¬ Capitol to appear before a committee which is bers of the press, accustomed in Washington to re¬ holding hearings on a certain pending measure, ceiving much “confidential” material, have the ad¬ they either ascertain for themselves or through vantage of being made cognizant of existing situa¬ their associates what information was given to the tions and developments, and can be prepared to committee or what views were expressed. make proper use of the data later. In the absence The work of the State Department in keeping of the Secretary at a Cabinet meeting, or elsewhere, the press advised, as fully and as quickly as it can, the press conference is held by the Under Secretary of important news developments throughout the or by one of the Assistant Secretaries. world is a service whose significance and value The Division of Current Information, which pre¬ cannot be measured. It helps to keep the people of pares the material for distribution to the press, the United States properly advised of events which is constantly available for contact with the Depart¬ are happening in the nations abroad in which they ment. At any time of the day or night any Wash¬ are interested, and of this Government’s attitude ington correspondent or press association repre¬ toward those events and toward the foreign Gov¬ sentative desiring to make any inquiry regarding ernments with which it is dealing daily on all sorts some State Department matter can get in touch of problems, matters of passing or of permanent with the Chief or another member of the Division interest; and at the same time it helps to keep the of Current Information, and through him, if he peoples of the world properly informed as to what himself cannot answer the query, with some offi¬ this Government is trying to do in handling its cial of the Department who can give the desired relations with them.

Photo by Herbert E. Angel GENERAL VIEW OF MANTA, ECUADOR 224 Prt^ress of Foreign Service Legislation

By LOWELL C. PINKERTON, Department of State

DURING the next fiscal year conditions in the dent Offices Appropriation Act, which modifies cer¬ Foreign Service will be materially improved, tain provisions of the Economy Act, has been en¬ and the outlook is much brighter than it has been acted. This provides, among other things, for a for several years. restoration of five per cent of the cut in salaries The Department Appropriation Act, carrying and allowances, for a further restoration of five provision for increased rent allowances ($954,000) per cent on July first, and authorizes the Presi¬ and making possible the granting of post allow¬ dent to make complete restoration later if he finds ances ($300,000) has been finally enacted, the the cost of living in the United States warrants President affixing his signature to it while he was it. The Act also restores the automatic promo¬ aboard the yacht Nourmahal. With the exception of tions provided by the Moses-Linthicum Act, the maximum allowance to Foreign Service officers, which have not been allowed heretofore be¬ which has been fixed by law at $1,700 per year, it cause of economy legislation. Under the terms of is understood that the rent regulations of previous the Act such promotions are not retroactive and years will continue in effect, although revision of regardless of the length of time officers have been the classification of posts is possible. The method in their respective classes, only one such automatic which will be used in distributing the amount that increase may be made in 1935. The whole question is immediately available for rent allowances ($238,- of promotions allowed by the Act is so closely 000) has not been announced, although it is expected bound up with the amount of appropriations avail¬ this will be soon, nor has there been any announce¬ able that no announcement has been made on the ment regarding the distribution of the post allow¬ subject and it has been found impossible to obtain ance appropriation which necessarily must be de¬ any forecast as to what may be possible in this pendent upon adjustments resulting from the Ex¬ regard. change Relief and Rent Appropriations. The Legislative Appropriation Bill to which The Exchange Bill, authorizing appropriations the appropriation for exchange relief is attached for the relief of officers on account of loss by ex¬ was discussed in the House of Representatives on change, is now a law, but the appropriation for April 25 and progress is being made in adjusting carrying it into effect has not yet been made. The differences, but the Conference report on the Bill amount of $7,438,000, which is to cover losses in¬ has not yet been adopted so the appropriation for curred by officers of all Departments abroad, is exchange is not yet available. carried as an item of the Legislative Appropriation Bill which has passed both Houses of Congress, but the Conferees have not agreed on all points and Secretary Hull recently stated that during his the Conference report on the Bill has not yet been recent trips to Europe and to South America he adopted. The points in dispute, however, have became deeply impressed not only with the nothing to do with the exchange appropriation great interest being shown by people of all which has been agreed to. classes in the emergency recovery program The tentative regulations, which are understood being put into effect in the United States, but to have been drawn up by the Bureau of the Budget also in the way our representatives abroad were and which were the bases for the preparation of esti¬ handicapped in their attempts intelligently to mates by the various Departments, have not been explain that program due to the lack of au¬ made public and are not available. It is generally thentic informative material regarding it. Ac¬ understood, however, that the basic exchange rates cordingly he arranged to have sent to our Dip¬ will be the average exchange for the past few years. lomatic representatives and certain of our Con¬ This basis of calculation will provide for the sular representatives the “Daily Manual of relief of officers in many countries which have been Emergency Recovery Agencies and Facilities,” on a depreciated currency for a number of years. which has been prepared and issued by the Na¬ In fact, the appreciation of the local currency and tional Emergency Council. In this issue there is not whether a country is on the gold standard, it is also reprinted a list that appeared last March understood, will be the basis of exchange relief. in the New York Times entitled “The Washing¬ Before this number of the JOURNAL reaches the ton Alphabet: New Deal Agencies,” as that field, it will be generally known that the Indepen¬ list may also be of interest to the Service. 225 By ANNA A. O’NEILL Department of Stale

Decoration by E. M. JACKSON

AFTER the Montevideo Confer- . ence our plans were to return home via the West Coast of South America, crossing the Andes by rail. Never had it occurred to me that I would ever forsake a pull- man for a plane, so when I read in the Buenos Aires Herald that a flood had threatened the railroad in the vicinity of Mendoza it made little impression; but after being faced with the alternative of wait¬ ing several months in Buenos Aires or flying across to Santiago, of necessity I became interested in flying, catechizing all whom I met as to how they got through, et cetera. The consensus of opinion was overwhelmingly favorable for the flight, particularly by those who had not taken it. One very encour¬ aging advocate insisted that one was safer in a plane than in a pullman. My associate and I stepped into a large Cadillac taxi at the door of the City Hotel in Buenos Aires on our way to the pier where he was to take the American Legion for home. After telling the chauffeur he might take it slowly as the boat would not leave for an hour, we settled down to what we thought would be a restful ride. For rea¬ sons best known to himself, the chauffeur ‘‘stepped on it” and we were fairly whizzing to our desti¬ nation. Conversation was very diffi¬ cult, but my companion did man¬ age to say that: “If we make the JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL pier, you needn’t worry about flying the Andes.” At two practical airmen agreeing on only one point, the mention of the Andes I seemed to come out of and that was that a flight over the Andes was dan¬ a reverie and realized that the Panagra Company gerous—just what I did not want to hear. was still waiting for my decision on a reservation. At 7:30 the next morning, I reported at the At dinner I told my friends of my plans and, Panagra office to be weighed in, and then passen¬ turning to my host, a former officer in the gers and baggage were hustled into a bus British Royal Air Force, asked for the for an hour’s ride to the field. My bus benefit of his views. I said, “I am told companion regaled me during the that you are as safe in a plane as on a entire trip with the unpleasant de¬ pullman.” He threw back his head, tails of her experience laughed very heartily and replied, “I coming from Santiago will take the pullman.” Then I told to Buenos Aires him of some of the advice I had two weeks be¬ been burdened with: I was to fore; she was look down, not up; to chew- still suffer¬ gum constantly; in dropping ing from from air-pockets, which would “c r a c k- he frequent, I was to “crack my ing her ears”; and finally, avoid food and ears;” liquids. This advice had been given by a friend who pilots his own plane. He laughed again and stated that I would be foolish if I did not take a good breakfast. Now there you have it! Here were

her neck had suffered a jolt from an air Sailing serenely over pocket drop which man’s highest roadway “must have been at —three miles in the sky. least a thousand Photos — Pan American Air¬ ways and Grace Log feet;” and only dire necessity now forced her to take the trip. At last we reached the field. As we lined up at the rope rail watching the fueling of two tri-motor planes, a group of five young men joined me. The eldest said Miss X (whom I had met in Buenos Aires) had asked him to look me up. He introduced me to his companions—three engineers and one chemist, all of whom one would desig¬ nate as the “flower of American man¬ hood,” and what daisies they turned out to be! As we were talking I observed a tongue of fire flash from the exhaust of one plane—the plane I was to take. Nothing 227 very reassuring about that! It developed that three rubber-tired wheels left the ground. As I gazed of the five men referred to had never flown before, through the window and listened to the whir of and through their own admission all were rather those three mighty motors all sense of fear left shaky. One confided he had tried every way pos¬ me. sible to avoid the trip. He inspected all the We had been up about half an hour when the loading, even going so far as to insist on the pilot calmly left his “stick” and drifted down to removal of a small trunk for fear of overweight. us. That seemed to be the last straw for “Renie.” The eldest of the group, a man about fifty, gave He absent-mindedly thrust his hands into his me all sort of assurances, to the extent of prom¬ pocket and drew out a well-filled wallet. He ising to sit behind and give me a friendly lap probably thought he was expected to pay a fare, every so often. However, when he drifted a few or else he was going to be held up. I reached feet from me, “Renie,” the youngest of the for the wallet, and asked the pilot our altitude group, whispered that he was scared to death and speed—we were then 5000 feet at 120 miles. and that if we didn’t soon get off he himself was The pilot stayed with us about ten minutes, so w7eak he wouldn’t he able to make it. pointing out little streams, “ribbon roads,” At last the zero hour struck. We entered the estancias that looked like toy farms, and once in plane, the door was closed and locked. My re¬ a while herds of cattle that might easily have assuring friend took the first seat, which I learned been taken for ants. Quite as casually he strolled afterwards, was considered to be the safest—I back to the cockpit. He repeated this perform¬ had the last. The others of the group sat oppo¬ ance a couple of times—rather good psychology, site on the long side seat. To my discomfort, I thought. Later, of course, f realized that this I learned that these horizontal seats of a plane had merely been the co-pilot, and that the con¬ are something of a handicap, as the occupants trols had not actually been abandoned for a ten- have to share the windows of other passengers. minute interval by the person entrusted with Being opposite these seats on our plane, I was guiding the plane. constantly having one or two of them peering The flight from Buenos Aires to Mercedes is through my window; their comments amused me over the pampas and the scenery is rather unin¬ not a little. The host, a very genial chap, handed teresting. We came down at Mercedes for re¬ around cotton and chewing gum. Finally the fueling and up again. From Mercedes to Men-

228 JHE /^MERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL doza the scenery varies slightly. About a half an miliar “you’re all right” was apparently all I hour before we came down, we floated through needed to come through, so I pulled myself to¬ the clouds—there were minutes when we were gether and thanked the host. When I again satv entirely enveloped in them, and could not even “Renie” he seemed more in need of sympathy see a streak of blue or the earth below. To me than I. About this time all in the plane were it was a novel and enjoyable treat. After two “fanning” with oxygen. The host was passing hours or so we arrived at Mendoza—I was all from one to another extending encouragement— buoyed up, felt fine, had some lunch, and was none needed it more. He told me I had been “out” more than anxious for the last lap. for half an hour. If so, it was a resttul inter¬ Having heard from all who had made the trip mission and is highly recommended, though if I of the beauty of the Andes, I had, of course, pre¬ had taken the oxygen in the first place I might conceived ideas of what awaited me. By rail one have avoided it. gets an intimate approach to the peaks and has a There is no doubt that the company does fine view of the Mendoza river and valley with everything in its power to make the flight a safe its purple fruit and green foliage, its mountain and comfortable one, of which the provision for torrents and bridges. By plane all this detail is oxygen is but an example. Whatever doubts the lost, but in its place you get an appreciation of novice may have about the adventure, the fact the vast and stupendous forces of nature, and a is that in reality the planes are as completely wonderment that poor weak man has done so and thoroughly equipped as science can make well in his relentless struggle. them. As we were seated in the plane the host As the brown and white slopes were fading be¬ strapped us in, pulled the oxygen tube out, dem¬ hind us and the fertile valleys of the fair city of onstrated its use, and placed an ordinary paper Santiago de Chile loomed into sight, all on bag in the pocket of the seat cover in front of board, with marked restlessness, proceeded to each passenger with the admonition “not to look release the straps and prepare to “land.” Being at it.” Poor “Renie” was in a bad spot now, nearest the door I was the first to alight, fol¬ thus strapped he could not lean in front to see lowed by the boys. My attention was arrested through my window! on hearing one of them say very earnestly “I From the plane on the ground we could now hope my wife destroys that letter.” In a few see very clearly the foot-hills of the Andes, their minutes he asked if I knew the location of the rugged slopes and peaks terminating in varied cable office, as he was going to cable his wife. He fantastic forms. The take-off was a bit rocky, was so sure we would “crack up,” he explained, and the plane seemed to climb perpendicularly. he had told her a lot of things which in view In no time, it seemed, we had attained our maxi¬ of his safe landing he didn’t want her to know. mum altitude. It is not possible to give a de¬ I admonished him to save the price of a cable. scription that would convey anywhere near a During the trip home from time to time he re¬ true picture of these snow-clad, towering, sharp- ferred to that fatal letter. On arriving at New pointed peaks standing out in bold relief against York we found the weather ten below zero, and the deep blue of the sky with shafts of dazzling as I bade him goodbye I expressed the sincere light playing about them. On one side of the hope that the weather would be no indication of ridge is the monarch of the Andes—Aconcagua— the reception his wife would give him. He the loftiest mountain in the western hemisphere appeared hopeful, but not at all confident. and one of the highest in the world, rising to a (Decoration on pope 226, courtesy of ''Good Ilousekeepinp”) height of 23,300 feet. I was enjoying to the utmost this panorama, said to be among the grandest rock scenery in the world, when, without a moment’s warning, I MEMORIES did need that bag—in fact, old friend “Renie” (On seeing a train of camels in the desert) anticipated my dilemma and tossed me his! Shamefacedly I tried to look at ease and peered Like desert-ships across the moon, Dim phantoms of a ghostly mien, through the window. I gradually had a gone Go drifting many memories— feeling, with increasing difficulty to focus, until But, ah, the years that lie between. all that was earthly just faded away. My next recollection was listening to some kind soul sug¬ The paths that cross Life’s sandy plain, gesting “whiskey” and feeling someone taking my Lead ever hence—ne’er back again. pulse and “fanning” me with oxygen. The fa¬ —J. E. H. 229

A British Export to China

IN a recent visit to Hongkong, I was deeply im¬ monplace. Stadiums are blossoming forth through¬ pressed by the prominent place which sports of out the country. Nanking, the capital, put in a beau¬ all sorts occupy in the life of that British Colony. tiful modern stadium and athletic field before it has The daily papers give more space to sports than do provided buildings for a number of its government those of any other community in the whole of the departments. We must not leave out of this pic¬ Far East; in fact, I imagine there is no other place ture the zest which marks the growth of the boy and in the world where sports receive relatively more girl scout movements among the communities of consideration in the local press than they do in present day China. Hongkong. And why not? This situation merely I believe it is correct to credit the British influ¬ reflects the sentiments and activities of the members ence as mainly responsible for the refreshing impe¬ of this picturesquely tropical British possession. tus given to the development of recreative sports As one travels about China and notes the promi¬ among the Chinese. Naturally, in this connection nence which sports occupy in the life of the treaty we should not omit to credit the American mission¬ ports, one must feel the wholesome effects of British ary educational institutions, which were the pio¬ influence. What is still more to the point, the neers in the modern education in China, with being Chinese are consciously and unconsciously imitat¬ a factor of much consequence in this connection, ing the British in the interest which they are mani¬ but the encouragement which they have given to festing in sports. Here in Shanghai, prior to fifteen athletics has been stimulated and accentuated by years ago, it would have created a sensation to have the ever present British activity in the promotion of seen a Chinese in the garb of an athlete out training clean sportsmanship. on the principal streets of this busy commercial When the present generation of Chinese take the metropolis. Today this is such an ordinary sight place of their elders in running the affairs of the that it elicits no comment. Scores of young Chinese nation, we shall have a new China. The bound¬ may be seen early mornings and late evenings, sum¬ footed woman, the concubine, the be-gowned man mer or winter, out in running togs in practice train¬ of leisure with no opportunity for healthful recrea¬ ing for the semi-annual international seventeen- tive sports will have disappeared from the picture. mile walking contests. Furthermore, the Chinese The spirit of true sportsmanship will do much to¬ have been the winners in these contests during the ward making for a better China in politics, in busi¬ past few years. Soccer football has become a very ness, in education, in the professions, in industry popular game with Chinese schools and colleges and in every walk of life. Yes, Great Britain may throughout the country, as a result of the British claim much of the credit for having imported into example. China is producing some excellent ten- China one of the most helpful and healthful influ¬ nis.stars; in fact, it will probably not be long before ences which the West has to offer. 1 believe we may they will have entrants for the Davis Cup. The truly rate Britain’s export of sports to China as its schools and colleges of present day China all have most valuable contribution to the foreign trade of their athletic teams and inter-scholastic and inter¬ this country. collegiate meets. Even the girls’ schools are coming JULEAN ARNOLD, to the front in basketball, hockey, tennis, and field U. S. Commercial Attache. events. National athletic meets are becoming com¬ Shanghai, China, February 9, 1934.

A STREET SCENE IN FEZ A PHOTOGRAPH BY THOMAS M. WILSON Chief, Division of Foreign Service Personnel, Department of State FEZ is a former Sultanate in the north¬ was a recognized seat of learning and is ern part of Morocco, to which it was noted for its beautiful mosques. The annexed in the middle of the sixteenth city is entirely enclosed within very im¬ century. It is an important center and pressive walls and presents a picturesque celebrated as a Holy City. Formerly it view to the approaching traveler.

23t La (eiba, Honduras: A Wife's First Post

By MRS. NELSON R. PARK

AWN finds the The Consulate yard traveler approach¬ is a fulfilment of child¬ ing La Ceiba. The hood air castles with its first view is of a clus¬ fairyland of tropical ter of houses fringed growth. The avocados by coconut palms and are ripe, the roses, the deep blue of the oleanders, and hibiscus Caribbean and bounded are in bloom. On one by a lonsr range of side is a coconut palm mountains. One peak heavy with green fruit. shoots un into an acute Here are bougainvillea, angle, aloof, high, and and j asmines, orange, very steep. Bonita, this lime, plum, papaya, and is—a peak fascinating, “DAWN . . . APPROACHING LA CEIBA” mango trees, pineapple tempting, but fatal to plants, and a banana— the few who have tried to scale its impenetrable the raison d’etre of La Ceiba. Little did I realize jungle fastness. As I look down on the nearing on my first walk that this yard would prove a veri¬ dock and see a barefoot policeman, happening to table Pandora’s Box. When mending glue is be dressed in ragged blue jeans and a dilapidated needed, Pepe secures crude rubber from a tree straw hat and carrying a rifle instead of a billy, I which cradles a wild orchid. In the shadows of the wonder what my first post is to be like with this mango tree by the fence stray cattle often sought entrance of startling beauty and its unusual guar¬ shelter. And one night it became a stage for a dian of the law. robbery when a Judas insisted upon guarding his Pepe, bred in the Consulate and a lover of cere¬ companion’s watch and money while promising to mony, bows low as the bride is lifted across the return with a car, but who left his inebriated friend threshold and ushered into her new home. This to snore the night away. formal bowing and springing to attention con¬ Other surprises were waiting to spring out of tinues at each entrance and exit while she investi¬ the box. Our yard we found was a rendezvous for gates the bungalow set high on stilts which rambles brightly colored birds whose gorgeous plumage over a corner lot. The bride is relieved to find seems to atone for a strange absence of songs or modern conveniences, including double screening for songs limited in range and often no more than to ward off the deadly anopheles. Subsequently a raucous chirp. We watched rose cuttings grow she learns that keeping this house means a con¬ and bloom inside of three months. We noticed stant warfare against dust, rain, mildew, moths, trees that chose spring instead of fall to shed their and ever present tropi¬ leaves. We marveled cal ants; the little ones at tiny seeds which that infest sugar and popped out of the other sweets and wreck ground with miraculous your silk stockings, the speed. We policed the comejens that leave a rain and tiger lilies for trail of sawdust as they black and gold cater¬ insidiously destroy the pillars. We tried op¬ woodwork of your timistically to grow home, and the big red vegetables with a world fellows that eye you of insects to oppose us. saucily as much as to And in the first May say that they as well as we saw the crowning the cockroaches have glory of this garden conspired to stay re¬ when the flamboyant gardless of what you do. trees spread their man- 232 THE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

tie of flame and made The Boys. The new¬ an artist’s setting for comer learns that the the house. people of La Ceiba fall It is easy to fall into into three groups. First, the manana habit when Spanish, Indian, and in Nature there is a Negro bloods are found scarcely perceptible va¬ in various mixtures, for riation between seasons, in this coast town there and it is an interesting is little of the pure though demoralizing ex¬ Spanish or pure Indian. perience to lose all Negroes from Jamaica sense of time. The rainy or neighboring islands season is impressive, form the second group but instead of weeks of and help furnish ser¬ unbroken pelting there BONITA,” FROM CONSULAR VERANDAH vants and laborers. The is a bit of sunshine al¬ Carib group is a unique most every day. The season is ominous, however, tribe of blacks who cluster in villages of thatched when you see nine inches of rain fall in four hours huts some miles away. Though here many gener¬ and how a norther whips the sea over the dock so ations they retain some of their ancestral customs that ships must anchor outside. and their own peculiar language which has ac¬ There are evidences of unhealthy climatic condi¬ quired elements of Spanish, English, and French. A tions in the appearance of some of the people and few of the men fish, but the majority work on the in the mortality reports which show the ravages of banana plantations. The women rarely hire out as malaria, tuberculosis, hookworm, and dysentery, servants, but hand over their young sons to work all of which are prevalent. Very few foreigners es¬ if provision is made for them to attend night school. cape malaria and some are unfortunate enough to On a visit I saw a group of these women in gaily become victims to the other diseases. A bite from colored turbans pounding flour from the yucca root. a wicked mosquito gave me cause for real sym¬ In another hut a group was doing community bread pathy with the sufferers from malaria. baking on a primitive stove of clay. One wonders As orientation progressed I explored a city of if in the early days there was a matriarchy, for some 8000 inhabitants, a city with its business these women have, in addition to the general lan¬ streets similar to an American small town. Any guage, one of their own which is handed down from traces of Spanish architecture that may have ex¬ mother to daughter and is unintelligible to their isted seem to have been destroyed by various fires; men. a majority of present buildings are miscellaneous Foreign ways are replacing Latin customs. In¬ wooden structures. The bread boy rings his bell stead of the mantilla and high comb there are as he wheels his cart along the street. Another (Continued to page 238) call is from the peanut vendor, and here on the corner is the snowball and ice cream cart. Oc¬ casionally a woman passes with a tray of tortillas on her head. In the movies the most unusual ele¬ ment is the marimba, which is played while American or Euro¬ pean films are exhibited. Amateur bull fights or boxing matches and movies are often announced by a band tucked into an automobile on which are placards describing the coming event. An American town, however, can hardly boast of stores that have for names (translated): The Two Sisters, Providence, Here. I Come, The Choto from Grace Coleman 1'aiic Golden Rooster, The Silver Hen, MANACA HOUSES IN CARIB VILLAGE NEAR LA CEIBA 233 An African Safari: Hunting Rhinoceros

By HAROLD SHANTZ, Consul, Nairobi, Kenya, Africa

LIONS do not infest obtained the special li¬ > the consular com¬ cense needed to shoot a pound at Nairobi, al¬ rhinoceros. “Well get though the owner of the one tomorrow,” said premises, who lives ten our genial host. Mr. miles away, is some¬ Cesaroni, “because yes¬ times kept awake by terday my boys saw the their roars. In other spoor of two rhinos respects the post lives about 20 miles from up to its reputation. here.” I was invited for At five next morning Christmas week-end to four of us left the farm, a cattle ranch in the accompanied by some Aberdare mountains 125 native boys, in two cars miles north of Nairobi. Photo from Harold Shantz of the “box body” type The first 30 miles of THE RANCH HOUSE IN THE ABERDARES so common in Kenya, road was excellent; it because the truck-like led through lovely hills of farm, woodland and rear is useful not only for carrying safari equip¬ coffee trees, new washed by the recent rains and ment and game, but also for sleeping, when, as gleaming in the brilliant sun. Then suddenly the often happens during the rains, one gets stuck in scene changed; we were on the edge of the Escarp¬ the mud all night. It was just before dawn. “In ment, overlooking for countless miles the curious the tropics,” I thought ironically, as I buttoned an geological structure of the Great Rift Valley. The overcoat over leather jacket, two sweaters and a road changed from paved highway to dusty dirt flannel shirt, and began to regret that there were and rocks, down which we sharply descended for no ear muffs on my topi. We speeded for about 2,000 feet. For some miles the country resembled an ten miles along a “road” (i. e., a barely visible uninhabited section of mesquite country in lower track made by a previous car) and then several Texas. Then, rising over further hills, we saw Lake more across country, mostly through long grass, Naivasha spread below us. Stocked with American but making 25 miles an hour in second gear. At black bass, the lake is a favorite with fishermen. dawn we stopped, loaded our guns and pockets Beyond Gilgil we turned off the main road, and with ammunition, and leaving a boy in care of crossed a wide, grassy, rolling plain. From a rise the cars, began our hunt. As it grew lighter we ten miles away we saw the farm houses of our could see from the rise where we were literally destination, apparently much closer, so clear was thousands of animals on the wide plains. Herds the air. The road got worse as we went on, at of zebras, grazing peacefully, or galloping away places mere tracks. And then we arrived at a low, when alarmed; beautiful gazelles; kongoni; wilde¬ spacious bungalow, half surrounded by gardens of beest; numbers of ostriches, the males sharp black brilliant flowers: carnations of impossible size, and white, the females a softer gray and pink. roses, flowers of the North and tropics both. On The scene reminded me of African travel books I the plain in front a thousand head of cattle grazed. had read, and not quite believed. All these ani¬ Directly in back the forest-clad Aberdares rose mals, and many more, were grazing side by side, abruptly 4,000 feet above. at peace with the world. We were warmly welcomed bv our host and his We walked, sat and walked again. We split wife, and at dusk gathered in the big living room into groups of two. We came upon more varieties before a roaring fire in a fireplace large enough of buck, the little duiker and the tiny dik-dik, a to stand in. It was the dry, or hot season in Fast gazelle that looks as though it shoidd be in a toy Africa. We were just ten miles south of the shop; the dignified secretary bird; the slinking Equator, but at an ait’tude of 8,200 feet, and there jackal. was a frost that nisrht. But no rhinoceros. I had never believed they The talk soon drifted to shooting. The Italian lived outside of zoos anyway. Then an exclama¬ Consul General, Mr. Turcato, had the day before tion from our host, who pointed at two large ani- 234 mals about a mile away, moving rapidly in our direction. “They’re either rhinos or buffaloes,” he exclaimed. “Rhinos can’t go that fast, can they?” said I, and was sufficiently answered by a look of scorn. A moment later we could all see them plainly. The rhinoceros can only see about 50 yards, but his sense of smell makes up for the deficiency. As the two beasts came towards us we circled around behind them in order to keep to leeward. They had slowed down to a walk by this time, but as we came closer they disappeared behind a growth of man-high brush. That was the last we saw of them for the next two toilsome hours, as we hunted on high ground and low. But finally when one man entered an unexplored clump of brush with his gun at the ready, there followed a mighty shout and the two beasts came running out. They soon paused and this time we got within shooting distance. Turcato fired, and then our host, and after an anxious moment the larger beast fell. We only wanted one rhinoceros and a boy was sent back for one of the cars, while we waited for a chance to approach the trophy. But the other animal had no intention of deserting its fallen companion. It was still standing its ground Photo by Con. Gen. Ugo Turcaio when the car arrived, by this time nearly noon. THE WRITER ASTRIDE (AFTER THE SHOOTING) Then three of us approached to within 50 yards. A loud blast was given on the auto horn to frighten it away, but instead it came charging ing, aDpearing as from nowhere. In a matter of straight at us. It’s a soul-stirring sight to see two hours only a skeleton would remain where the tons of well-armored wild beast galloping at you, beast lay. and I was never a brave man. I fired, but mine was the third gun that spoke. I have no reason (Continued to page 279) to suspect that my bullet hit; if it did, the rhino ignored it, as I had only an army rifle. The other guns were .450 calibre. Turcato hit the beast neatly in the right shoulder, and it promptly ran off to the left. He shot again and again. Each shot made the ani¬ mal pause, but only for an in¬ stant, until finally it dropped. We found six bullet holes in it. The boys removed the horns with knives and hatchet, and then large sections of the hide, which is nearly an inch thick. The hide, said our host, would when hard¬ ened and polished make table tops like alabaster. Even as we watched the boys at work we could see far up in Photo from Harold Shantz the blue dozens of vultures soar¬ IT TOOK SIX BULLETS TO DOWN THIS BEAST 235 A Unique Consular District

By ERNEST W. FITZPATRICK, St. Stephen’s, N. B.

ST. CROIX ISLAND, CALAIS, MAINE (SETTLED BY THE FRENCH, 1604) PERHAPS the most outstanding requirement of Perhaps the most vivid illustration of the friend¬ a successful Consul is to create good will and ly relations which exist along this international common understanding, commercially and socially, border is a fact, verified by records, that a Cana¬ between the people of his own country and the peo¬ dian citizen and an official of a lodge in Calais, ple of the country to which he is assigned as a Maine (international in its membership), crossed representative. However, it is believed that the the border and attended meetings (with a perfect St. Stephen, N. B., Canada, Consular District pre¬ record), in Calais, Maine, during the War of 1812. sents the Consul with problems and duties quite In this connection, it is also a fact that one July different from those confronting a Consul in any 4th during the war, the residents of Calais had no other Consular District—problems requiring an powder to use in their celebration, and a sufficient unusual amount of tact and discretion. supply was donated by a British garrison stationed The Saint Croix River, the subject of the Web- near St. Stephen. ster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842, fixes the boundary One of the most interesting bits of history dates line between St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada, back to Civil War days. Various conversations and Calais, Maine, United States. Just as the with the older residents of Calais, Maine, reveal boundary line separates these immediate towns, so the fact that many men left Calais and crossed it continues north and south, forming an interna¬ the international border into Canada to live dur¬ tional line of demarcation. ing the Civil War. A frequent word used during The histories of St. Stephen, N. B„ and nearby these conversations was “Skidadlers’ Ridge ’—a Calais, Maine, and their environs, are rich in his¬ ridge a few miles from St. Stephen where these torical legends, and filled with many interesting American men are supposed to have resided until and noteworthy experiences. the war was over. A fact which is cherished by The one item of local history which would at¬ persons in this immediate vicinity is that records tract the attention of almost every visitor to this show that the last official act of President Lincoln vicinity is 44Saint Croix Island, now known and was to issue a pardon to a man residing in Calais, shown on the map as “Dochet Island. It was on Maine. this island, in the Saint Croix River, that the first The living conditions, the educational, the so¬ settlement in North America was made by Sieui cial, the political, and the business activities in De Monts in 1604. Authentic records also reveal this district are so international in their nature, that the first Christian religious worship service yet so numerous and varied, that only those are re¬ conducted in North America north of the Gulf of corded which seem of paramount importance in Mexico was held on this island. This island will proving my right to the use of the word unique. shortly become a National monument. In St. Stephen is located a spring which sup- 236 plies the water for Calais, Maine. This water is to American citizenship until informed of such piped across the International Bridge, and its fact by a competent official. Likewise, many per¬ purchase and sale are controlled bv the Calais Wa¬ sons residing in the district for years have believed ter & Power Company, Calais, Maine, with head themselves to be American citizens only to find offices in Augusta, Maine. It is noteworthy that that they have no claim to such citizenship. Be¬ Ripley in his “Believe It Or Not” column refers cause of this condition, persons applying at this to this as the only case where water of one country office for information naturally must submit to a furnishes the needs of persons in another. great deal more questioning than those applying When a fire alarm sounds in St. Stephen, the at other consulates. Almost without exception, it alarm also rings across the river in Calais, Maine, is necessary to get the life history of an applicant’s and the firemen of Calais cross the border and as¬ family before the officer can determine whether sist their Canadian neighbors. Likewise, when the person is a Canadian desiring a visa, or an the Calais alarm is sounded, the St. Stephen fire¬ American citizen desiring registration or protection. men cross the border and render similar aid. A In connection with the giving of information small event, similar to the local practice, occurred pertaining to citizenship and protection cases, there two vears ago in Madawaska, Maine, when a fire are a number of calls upon this office by persons threatened to destroy the whole town. A call for seeking advice relative to the collecting of debts. outside help was made, and the firemen from Mada¬ Under New Brunswick law a person may be put in waska, New Brunswick—just across the river—re¬ jail for debt. American citizens from Calais, sponded very promptly. Newspapers in Maine Maine, owing debts in Maine, and who are tempo¬ featured this as a very unusual performance. rarily in St. Stephen, may be put in jail when they In St. Stephen is located the only skating rink fail to pay these obligations. This office is then available to persons in this vicinity and nearby called on for such information and advice as can eastern Maine. On this skating rink the Calais City appropriately be given. Band (an international organization, composed of With particular reference to the educational, so¬ residents of St. Stephen and Milltown, N. B., Can¬ cial, political, and business activities of an “unique” ada, and residents of Calais, Maine, and vicinity) nature, the following are most important. holds its annual winter carnival. The Rotary Club of St. Stephen holds its weekly Because the State theater in Calais is larger than meeting on Monday at noon; the Calais club holds the local theater, a great share of the patronage its meeting on Wednesday at noon. Any member at the Calais theater comes from St. Stephen. In not able to attend his own club meeting can easily addition to the theater, the staging of amateur plays, make up his attendance by crossing the interna¬ choral society recitals, entertainments, etc., are also tional border and attending a meeting. international in character. Because of the larger The Crabbe Business College in St, Stephen is stage facilities and more extensive patronage, it is the only business college in this immediate vicinity a frequent practice of Canadian organizations in and the only one available to persons from nearby St. Stephen and vicinity to sponsor activities on Maine. For over thirty years the pupils of this the stages of the theaters of Calais. school have been composed of over half American The Chipman Memorial Hospital is the leading young men and women. Conversation with the hospital in this immediate vicinity. A great many Principal reveals that the present enrollment is of the physicians in nearby Maine prefer that their over sixty per cent from eastern Maine. Thus, we patients enter this hospital. Thus, we have the un¬ have the unusual occurrence of Americans getting usual yearly task of executing a “Report of Birth” a business education in a Canadian college, and for some seventy-five or eighty children “Born returning to the United States to establish their abroad of an American father.” This results in business and work. the St. Stephen Consulate being of assistance to The electricity used by the residents of Calais and American interests in explaining to these parents, vicinity is manufactured in Milltown, N. B., Can¬ not residents of this Consular District, the answers ada. On the other hand, the Citizens Gas Company to some very peculiar questions relative to citi¬ of Calais, Maine, supplies the gas to the residents zenship. in St. Stephen. Inter-marriage along this international border is Anyone familiar with historical locations knows so frequent that many persons are actually at a that Campobello, N. B., Canada, is the summer loss to know their complete citizenship status. home of Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the Cases have come to the attention of this office United States. The writer was present last sum¬ where persons were born in Canada and lived there mer and witnessed the demonstration by Canadian for a good many years not knowing of their claim organizations accorded the President of the United 237 JHE /^MERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

States upon his coming to Campobello—in this serge trousers replacing overalls, a silk shirt, and a Consular District and but a stone’s throw from ten-gallon Stetson complete the evolution of a Eastport, Maine, the first city in the United States gentleman. By this time he is muy hornbre. Oc¬ to greet the morning sun. The acclamation given casionally the result is tragic when a subsequent the President last summer by many local residents pay is used for aguardiente, that drink which was revived on the occasion of the National Birth¬ seems so fatally to make mean the best of men and day Party given in his honor. One of the many to tempt into use the new guns. thousands of balls held in honor of the President’s Religious customs are in evidence at funerals birthday was held in Calais, Maine, and it was and during Holy Week. At funerals formal bunches observed that a great many of the happy partici¬ of papier-mache flowers are carried in front of the pants were residents of the nearby Canadian cities hearse, and only men may walk behind the cortege and towns. It is believed that this is the only in¬ and attend the last rites at the cemetery. stance where citizens of one country have crossed On Good Friday not a wheel of business moves, into another to celebrate the birthday of a “for¬ nor may a four-footed animal be worked. So strict eign” National Executive. is the observance of this day, the story goes, that In conclusion, your correspondent, who resides a policeman took a pot shot at a man who thought¬ in Calais, Maine, has performed what is considered lessly once rode into town on horseback. There by many to be an unusual feat. Since he began is a religious parade depicting the story of the working in this Consulate in 1929, he has worked Crucifixion, and Judas in effigy is kicked about. 1,356 days, excluding holidays and vacation pe¬ Everywhere there are women in black. riods. During that time, he crossed and re-crossed An American fruit company provides the prin¬ between tivo countries—the United States and cipal business of La Ceiba and furnishes the city Canada—5,424 times. Averaging a walking mile¬ most of its public utilities. Its chief business is the age of 3y± miles per day, he has completed the exportation of bananas. A visit to the banana unusual feat of having walked between two coun¬ plantations furnishes new wonders as one sees irri¬ tries 5,424 times and covering 18,984 miles. gation conquering the dry season, and row after Because of the peculiar characteristics, the un¬ row of tall plants producing mammoth stems of usual circumstances, and the inter-community, in¬ bananas. There is special science and infinite ternational interests of the residents in this imme¬ romance in the banana industry. The precision diate vicinity—as well as in many other parts of with which the fruit is cut at just the stage of green¬ this district—it is believed that the St. Stephen, N. ness that will put it into the market ready to ripen, B., Canada, Consular District is one of the most the care exercised to prevent bruising, and the ease “unique” consular districts in the world. and expedition with which thousands of bunches are shipped weekly bespeak the splendid skill and LA CEIBA, HONDURAS organization of the American and Honduran em¬ ployees. (Continued from, page 233) Housekeeping in the tropics requires a technique Vogue styles and bobbed hair. Instead of the tango, of its own. The enervating climate and custom jazz tunes and the foxtrot. Graciousness in manner necessitate plenty of servants. Curiosity prompted remains; men doff their hats to each other, and me to defy rules of caste by doing my own market¬ there is a great shaking of hands as acquaintances ing until I found that the ability to count to a meet and depart. The children seem to have a hundred in Spanish was an inadequate vocabulary natural talent for dancing and boys as well as for indulging in the native sport of bargaining girls take pride in it and do it especially beauti¬ and that the cook was far more successful in making fully at the annual costume dance just before Lent. the budget work. Providing food for a hungry The mozo, or laborer, who lives primitively in Consul becomes a contest to keep out of a can in a crude huts, is a distinct type. He is poorly clad, country where native fruits may he plentiful, but often barefoot, and carries always the machete where very few vegetables are grown locally and (made in the U. S. A.)—that versatile tool whose many staples have to he imported. There was a activity may range from cutting bananas to paring thrill in trying new foods: rice and red beans, that one’s nails. At times it becomes a dangerous staple diet of the native, yucca papaya, breadfruit, weapon for settling quarrels. One type of worker mangoes, but only the patience of my Ivy made I am told goes through definite stages of progress possible cooking on a tiny stove with firewood marked by paydays. The first acquisition is a re¬ brought in on muleback. The delinquencies and volver. Then follows a fancy holder and cartridge superstitions of the houseboy I could forgive so belt. Shoes are put on the bare feet. Later blue long as he took pains to coach my Spanish. We 238 achieved a working vocabulary with his little Eng¬ the band, but had commandeered it long enough to lish, my less Spanish, and a vigorous sign language honor the recent marriage of his friend, the Ameri¬ until his practice on the guitar disastrously ended can Consul. his household duties. Foreigners in La Ceiba have developed a kind The American Consul is a big frog in a little of hysteria based on the experiences of some in pond and when he brought his bride Hondurans local fights and fires during revolutions. Old and Americans provided a generous welcome. One residents told me lurid tales of trouble and pre¬ of my most amusing experiences occurred at my dicted new political outbreaks. Being new to for¬ first dance. A short, very rotund official and I eign ways, I lived in a state of anticipatory dread were partners. He had just complimented my for weeks when at two one morning we were awak¬ dancing when without warning he stopped, grabbed ened by shots coming from every direction. I was my arm, and began walking me around the floor. I sure that war had come, until we located a blazing shuddered at the thought of some social error on hotel on the next street. Thus was I initiated into my part until he pulled out a handkerchief, mopped the local custom of firing shots as a fire alarm. It his brow, and beaming with native pride in his took me some time to realize that it takes more English, said, “Per-spi-ra-tion!” Later the Latin than a rumor to start a revolution or we should custom of strolling during a dance became familiar. have had dozens. The situation for a new wife, One evening we found the town band at our door however, was a dramatic experience. and an ex-official doing the honors. After a few Incidents humdrum or unusual, amusing or an¬ numbers it began to rain, and out of pity for the noying occur every week and the constant element men we hinted as tactfully as possible that the in¬ of surprise makes this seem more like a story-book struments would be ruined. Our host’s reply was, existence than reality. One wonders what will “‘It doesn’t matter. They’re not my instruments!” come next and adopts the Latin gesture of out¬ The climax of this incident, however, lay in the stretched hands, a slight shrug, and the inevitable fact that this man then had no real authority over “Quien sabe?”

Photo by E. V. Polutnik PARLIAMENT BUILDING, BUDAPEST, HUNGARY 239 JHE /^MERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

EDITORIAL NOTE

With this issue of the JOURNAL my duties as Editor terminate. The work has recently become FOREIGN S JOURNAL so heavy that it is now more than I feel physically able to handle. It is a matter of sincere regret to me to give up this work as, throughout the past five years or more that I have been editor, PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY AMERICAN FOREIGN my relations with all concerned have been so SERVICE ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. pleasant, and it has been a real pleasure to me to The American Foreign Service Journal is published monthly think that perhaps in some small way I have con¬ by the American Foreign Service Association, and is distributed by the Association to its members gratis. The Journal is also tributed to the upbuilding of our Service organ. open to private subscription in the United States and abroad The Business Management and the Editorial Board at the rate of $4.00 a year, or 35 cents a copy, payable to the American Foreign Service Journal, care Department of State, are now in such excellent hands that I feel con¬ Washington, D. C. fident that the work will go forward and the pub¬ Copyright, 1934, by the American Foreign. Service Association lication become bigger and better in the future. I wish to express my sincere thanks to my col¬ JOURNAL STAFF leagues in Washington for their splendid assis¬ tance; and to those in the Field who have con¬ AUGUSTUS E. INGRAM - ..Editor PAUL H. ALLING tributed so generously, and always with such kind WALTER A. FOOTE expressions of goodwill and appreciation, I would Editorial Board LOWELL C. PINKERTON extend my hearty thanks for their cooperation. HENRY S. VILLARD. HARRY A. MCBRIDE. Business Manager AUGUSTUS E. INGRAM CLAYSON W. ALDRIDGE Treasurer COVER PICTURE The American Foreign Photograph by CONSUL JOSEPH E. JACOBS Service Association The “Pavilion of the Murmuring Waters of Spring” over the “Curving Dragon Bridge” in the The American Foreign Service Association is an unofficial and valley of the Buddhist Monastery of Ling Yin (The voluntary association of the members of The Foreign Service of the United States. It was formed for the purpose of fos¬ Spirits’ Retreat) at Hangchow, China. This beau¬ tering esprit de corps among the members of the Foreign Serv¬ tiful valley first became a Buddhist retreat in the ice. to strengthen service spirit and to establish a center around which might be grouped the united efforts of its members for the fourth century A. D. After passing through the improvement of the service. Pavilion, pilgrims and visitors approach the en¬ trance to the main temple of the Ling Yin Monas¬ Honorary President tery which was rebuilt, after fire had destroyed an CORDELL HULL Secretary of State older temple, during the third year (1911) of the young Emperor Hsuan T’ung, now Mr. Henry Pu Honorary Vice-Presidents Yi. This temple contains some pillars which were WILLIAM PHILLIPS Under Secretary of State brought all the way from Oregon. The surround¬ WILBUR J. CARR Assistant Secretary of State ROBERT WALTON MOORE Assistant Secretary of State ing hills contain Buddhist relics of far greater an¬ FRANCIS B. SAYRE Assistant Secretary of State tiquity consisting of carved Buddhas dating as far SUMNER WELLES Assistant Secretary of State back as the seventh century A. D.

NORMAN ARMOUR.- President CLARENCE E. GAUSS Vice-President MAXWELL M. HAMILTON Secretary-Treasurer I am heartily in favor of all appropriate HERBERT S. BURSLEY Acting Secretary-Treasurer means for the promotion of better understanding and more friendly relations between the United EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE States and the other republics (in the Western THOMAS M. WILSON, Chairman; J. P. MOFFAT, Vice- Hemisphere). I believe that a wider and better Chairman; W. A. FOOTE, J. E. JACOBS, H. S. BURSLEY knowledge of the Spanish language—the lan¬ Alternate guage of eighteen of the American Republics—- GEORGE R. MERRELL, JR. would contribute effectively to this end and along with this a better appreciation of the his¬ torical, cultural and economic development of Entertainment Committee: JOHN FARR SIMMONS, Chairman; JEFFERSON PATTERSON and GEORGE R. MERRELL, JR. those countries.—CORDELL HULL. 240 News from the Department PAN-AMERICAN DAY (April 14)—so-named will be given to an increased preferential on Cuban because on April 14, 1890, the first international sugar; (3) the formation of the so-called Second conference of American States assembled in Wash¬ Export-Import Bank, the resources of which will be ington with James G. Blaine, Secretary of State, as utilized when appropriate opportunity occurs to chairman—was celebrated this year with the ex¬ stimulate in every possible and proper manner change of warm greetings between the executives of commerce between our two countries; and (4) the the 21 Republics in the New World. A delightful negotiation of the modification of our Permanent concert of Latin-American music was given in the Treaty with Cuba, which negotiation it is hoped evening at the Pan-American Union, and an address will result in the elimination once and for all of was delivered by the Honorable Cordell Hull, Secre¬ the right we possess in the existing treaty to inter¬ tary of State. In urging closer Pan-American ties, vene in Cuba. Mr. Hull said: “I cannot emphasize too strongly the importance of giving more attention in the Mr. Francis B. Sayre, Assistant Secretary of schools and universities of the United States to the State, delivered on March 26 at the National Radio history of Latin-America . . . Their history is full of Forum, arranged by the Washington Star and broad¬ lessons of great value. To all of us, whether living cast by the National Broadcasting Company’s net¬ north or south of the Equator, the record of the work, an address discussing the necessity of the development of democratic institutions on this con¬ Tariff Bargaining Bill recently introduced in Con¬ tinent is a matter of vital interest.” gress. Under this bill Congress gives to the Presi¬ dent the power to enter into foreign trade agree¬ Mr. Sumner Welles, Assistant Secretary of State, ments “for the purpose of expanding foreign mar¬ delivered an address on March 29 before the meet¬ kets for the products of the United States.” This ing of the Young Democratic Club of America, Dis¬ tariff bargaining program is part of a larger con¬ trict of Columbia Division, at the Willard Hotel, structive scheme for decreasing unemployment in Washington, D. C., the subject of the address being the United States and securing a return of prosper¬ “Relations between the United States and Cuba.” ity. It is a national plan based upon large vision for A summary of events in Cuba during the past twelve the future welfare of American agriculture and months was given in brief detail, and then the industry. speaker outlined the constructive measures of co¬ operation which we hope to carry out, which in¬ Mr. Thomas Hewes was appointed on April 2 as clude (1) a program providing for the stabilization Special Assistant to the Secretary of State, and en¬ of the price and production of sugar in the United tered upon his duties the same day. Mr. Hewes, who States, involving the establishment of fixed quotas was Assistant Secretary of the Treasury (in charge of continental and insular marketing, as well as a of Fiscal Offices) from June to December, 1933, was fair quota for Cuba based upon her exports here born in Baltimore, Md., on May 27, 1888. He was over a recent three-year period; (2) a new com¬ educated in the public schools of Baltimore and mercial treaty which will stimulate trade between of Hartford, Conn., where his family went in 1901. Cuba and the United States, in which, in return He graduated from Yale College in 1910, and from for reciprocal concessions, favorable consideration Yale Law School in 1912 with a degree cum laude. 241 From 1912 until the war he practiced law in Hart¬ American Foreign Service Association. The Com¬ ford. He served in the Army during the war, and mittee accepted the resignation, following the thereafter he has been engaged in the practice of unanimous expression of esteem and appreciation law and served on various commissions studying of Mr. Johnson’s work as a committee mem¬ and reporting on State legislation. In 1931 he was ber for several years past. appointed to the Judicial Council. In 1912 Mr. Hewes was married to Genevieve Chase and then Dr. Frank P. Corrigan, the newly appointed went to Farmington, Conn., to live, where their American Minister to El Salvador, terminated his home now is. There are four children. month of instruction in the Department on April 13 and sailed from New York the following day Dr. Stanley K. Hornbeck, chief of the Far Eastern aboard the steamship Santa Clara of the Grace Division, Department of State, delivered an address Line for his post. He will trans-ship to the Santa on April 11 at a luncheon at the Bankers Club in Rosa at the Panama Canal, which will enable him New York City, in commemoration of the 80th an¬ to spend three days there at the time the United niversary of the negotiation by Commodore Perry States Fleet is assembled there for maneuvers and of the first treaty between Japan and the United transit to the Caribbean. Minister Corrigan was States. Dr. Hornbeck stressed the painstaking effort accompanied by his oldest daughter, Mrs. Patricia made by Perry to ascertain how he might best meet Corrigan Pappano, who will keep house for him the minds of the people to whom he was being sent in San Salvador until the arrival of Mrs. Corrigan on mission; his desire and intention to respect the with the three youngest children in early July. Mr. views, the customs and the habits of a people Robert Corrigan, who completes the family of the strange to him and to whom he was strange; and Minister, is a student at Washington and Lee Uni¬ his sympathetic understanding of the apprehension versity. He will proceed to San Salvador in late with which the Japanese viewed the invitation to July and expects to become a student in the univer¬ them to come again, after centuries of seclusion, sity there. into relations with other nations. Dr. Hornbeck Previous to his appointment, Dr. Corrigan was a described Perry as “a warm-hearted, a well-trained, practising surgeon in Cleveland, Ohio. He has a self-disciplined human being who in addition worked under Dr. Crile there, and several years possessed in highest degree the qualities of a gentle¬ ago was in charge of a hospital at a mining center man, an officer and a statesman.” in Chile. He speaks Spanish fluently.

The Honorable Richard Washburn Child was, Mr. John Farr Simmons, chief of the Visa Divi¬ according to a press notice issued by the De¬ sion, Department of State, delivered an address partment of State last month, appointed Special Adviser to the Secretary of State in his capacity entitled “Recent Immigration Trends” on April 13 at a reception given in New York City by the as Chairman of the Delegation of the United States to the London Economic Conference. Mr. President of Hunter College to various groups Child has been directed to visit various countries interested in immigration matters. The address of Europe and to make a report to the Secretary will appear in “Press Releases,” so only one of State, in his capacity as Chairman of the striking statement made by Mr. Simmons is here American Delegation on the present and prospec¬ quoted. He said, “We are now witnessing two tive state of the economic situation, particularly remaxkable immigration phenomena—the present from the standpoint of the status of the resolu¬ disappearance of the quotas as an effective limit tions pending or adopted by the Conference. It on our immigration; and, for the first time in our was emphasized that Mr. Child’s mission is to history, the net flow of immigration to and from study and report to the Secretary of State, and the United States is now outwards and has been that his instructions do not contemplate any pro¬ so for more than two years.” posals of any kind. Benjamin Muse, First Secretary of Legation at Mr. Herschel Johnson, who recently was desig¬ Montevideo, Uruguay, who resigned from the nated as First Secretary of Embassy at London, Service on March 15, last, is now residing at his England, and thereby terminated his assignment country home, “Dunedin,” near Petersburg, Va., to the Department of State, where he has served and is engaged in the publication of a newspaper as Chief of the Division of Mexican Affairs at Petersburg entitled “The Southside Virginia since June 12, 1930, tendered his resignation as News.” a member of the Executive Committee of the I Continued on page 268) 242 Carnival at Basel, Switzerland

"DASEL, before the Reformation, was noted for edge of Basel history during the past year, for its lavish splendor and the gayety of its life. either some event is grotesquely drawn or a digni¬ Following the Reformation the city seemed to be tary of the city is caricatured. Feelings are not bent on purging itself of all that the old regime had spared, and it is traditional that throughout Car¬ meant. It appears to have succeeded to such an nival time one may say just what he pleases to any¬ extent that it is now noted for its quietness and body. The lanterns are lighted from the interior by fifty to seventy candles, and the whole effect of the soberness. However, once a year the heritage of early hour, the narrow streets, the beating drums, the olden times shows itself, and the sedate people and the grotesque costumes and lanterns, is sup¬ of Basel, forgetting themselves, attempt to make up, posedly unique to the Basel Carnival. in three days, for the quiet lives they lead the rest In spite of the early hour, the streets are crowded of the year. with people watching the spectacle, which lasts for At four in the morning of the Monday preceding about two hours, after which every one goes to a Ash Wednesday, this year February 19th, there restaurant and eats the traditional baked flour soup breaks out in the center of the city a terrific beating and onion pie, a strange combination. of drums, so loud that it can be heard from one end On Monday and Wednesday afternoons the same of the town to the other. The drums are accom¬ groups parade again. Each night there are masked panied by fifes, and the resultant noise adds to the halls held in all of the dance halls, while the res¬ din. The drums and fifes belong to various groups taurants have special menus and parties. Through¬ or clubs, forty to sixty per group, who have assem¬ out the day and night people in masks are seen all bled in costumes in the narrow streets leading down over the city, and Basel seems to forget for three to the central market place. At four o’clock the days that it is supposed to be a stronghold of con¬ lights in the center section of the city are turned servatism. At any hour of the day one may meet, off, and the groups, each carrying a large lantern, in even a quiet part of the residential section, a soli¬ converge upon the market place from all directions, tary, weirdly clad figure, going heaven knows where. amid shouts, beat’ng of drums, and playing of fifes. Thursday morning finds Basel pursuing its nor¬ The lanterns are from five to ten feet high, are car¬ mal methods of business; the streets have been ried on the shoulders of the marchers, and are washed and cleaned of confetti, and the only sign painted in many colors. Each group, of which of the late Carnival is a few people still in costume there are about seventy, carries one lantern and the wandering dazedly around trying to find their way scenes depicted thereon require an intimate knowl¬ home after a too strenuous celebration. 243 News from the Field

LONDON Consul Ferrin, like everyone else who knows Malaga, is enamored of it, and it is doubted that When Foreign Service Inspector Homer M. By- anything short of a special Act of Congress (or ington passed through London he was the guest of an inhumane decision on the part of our very honor at a special luncheon tendered him by all humane Chief of Personnel) would induce him to of the officers of the Consulate General and pre¬ live anywhere else. He also occupies a very beau¬ sided over by Consul General Frazer. The ex- tiful little house, beautifully furnished in all re¬ “Honorary Governor-General of Naples and ad¬ spects but one: he is a bachelor! jacent islands” said it was one of the most enjoy¬ Consul General C. I. Dawson at Barcelona is able luncheons he had had on this side of the very happy at one of the sunniest, brightest, and Atlantic since the Reorganization Act of 1906, not even excepting the famous party with the present most cheery posts in the Service, where his chief delight seems to be to welcome friends passing Chief of Personnel, Thomas M. Wilson, on the through. roof of the Castle of Baja! After lunch the two “Generals” had a protracted conference, followed Although Mallorca might prove a trifle dull to by a dinner at Mr. Frazer’s house. Mr. Byington some people as a place of residence, it undoubt¬ left for Scotland shortly before midnight to start edly possesses certain great advantages: in scenic inspecting a Consulate General the next morning. beauty, splendid climate, accessibility, economy, Besides a portable typewriter, a satchel and and the friendly, honest character of its people. various pieces of luggage, a complete set of golf There are frequent overnight services to Barce¬ clubs made up the Inspector’s traveling kit. lona, Valencia, Alicante, and Algiers, as well as Mr. Byington, with his characteristic good cheer, frequent communication with Marseilles, Genoa, was in fine fettle, and all hands were sorry that Gibraltar, and New York. It costs only a few dol¬ his visit had to be so short. lars to ship a car from Palma to Barcelona. There Consul General and Mrs. Frazer enjoyed a short are now excellent roads throughout Spain. The holiday in February, spent mostly at Palma de drive from Barcelona to the French border re¬ Mallorca. They went out by sea, calling at Lis¬ quires only a few hours. Full pension terms at bon, Ceuta, and Malaga, and returned overland, good hotels, for all meals and lodging, range via Barcelona and Paris. from about 15 pesetas (or less) to 25 pesetas, and At Lisbon they spent a verv haDpy and interest¬ the exchange rate is now about /.40 pesetas to ing day with Consul General Deichman. than whom one dollar. there is no more hospitable or genial officer in After a long and happy assignment as Senior the Service. At Malaga, a former post of Mr. United States Public Health Officer in the Amer¬ Frazer’s, they had an equally happy day with ican Consulate General in London, Dr. Franklin former Consul General Norton, Consul Ferrin, J. Halpin has been assigned to Washington for and other old friends. Although prospering great¬ duty at headquarters. Dr. and Mrs. Halpin are ly with the big American firm of which he is a sailing for the United States on March 15th on partner, Mr. Norton’s interest in the Service and the Manhattan. Their departure is keenly regret¬ his host of Foreign Service friends is in no whit ted by their many friends in local American and diminished, and all will he happy to learn of British circles, where Dr. and Mrs. Halpin have Mrs. Norton’s and his health and well-being. He been extremely popular. The news of their de¬ has bought one of the pleasantest houses at that parture started a series of delightful farew’ell pleasant city, where his latch string is always parties attended by many American and British hanging out for the many old colleagues and officials. friends who call at his port. Dr. Robert Holt, who succeeds Dr. Halpin in 244 JHE /^MERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

London by transfer from Dublin, is well known in daughter about April 1st. Consul and Mrs. Evans our Foreign Service, as he comes to London after have many Service friends also in the British Isles. serving in various consular offices in Western Eu¬ Their friends in the Consulate General in London rope. Dr. Holt was cordially welcomed upon his are planning to give them a hearty welcome upon arrival in London, where he already has many their arrival en route to Bradford. friends. On Poppy Day, when poppies are sold through¬ Consul Robert Dudley Longyear was recently out England for the benefit of British war veter¬ the guest of honor at one of the regular weekly ans, a very pretty nurse was selling poppies in luncheons of the Edinburgh City Business Club. Piccadilly Circus, in London, when a potential Some sixty representative businessmen of Edin¬ buyer, an American war veteran, told her that he burgh were present. Consul Longyear gave a would give her a £1 note for a poppy provided twenty-minute talk after the luncheon on various she would promise to nurse him if at any time he aspects of the Recovery program in the United went to a hospital. She agreed. States. “By the way,” the young man asked, “Where Passengers on the American S. S. Capulin sail¬ is your hospital?” ing from Dundee on February 9 included Mr. and “I am at the Queen Charlotte’s Maternity Hos¬ Mrs. Ronald N. Marquis of the Treasury Depart¬ pital,” meekly replied the pretty nurse, putting ment, with their child, and Miss Margaret Wait, the note into the box. daughter of Mr, Bernard Wait, the United States F. C. GOWEN. Treasury Attache in London. DUBLIN Consul and Mrs. Robert D. Longyear were guests at the Annual Burns Dinner of the Edin¬ Lt. Col. Cortlandt Parker, Military Attache in burgh Burns Club held on the anniversary of the London and Dublin, and Mrs. Parker visited Dub¬ poet’s birth. Consul Longyear was called upon lin from March 17th to 19th and accompanied the to respond to the toast of “The Guests.” Charge d’Affaires ad interim and Mrs. Denby to the At noon, Saturday, February 10th, Consul Mc- brilliant St. Patrick’s Day Reception, on March Connico, Hull, recently met with what might have 17th, given by President de Valera of the Executive been a very serious accident. As he was passing Council of the Irish Free State Government. a new building under construction a tank con¬ Dr. Ralph Gregg, of the United States Public taining hot tar exploded and flames spurted around Health Service, arrived in Dublin early in March him—singeing off considerable hair from the back from Naples to take up his duties at the Consulate of his head and entirely removing his right eye¬ General. He was accompanied by Mrs. Gregg. brow. His right ear was severely scorched, but The staff of the Consulate General was reduced nevertheless Consul McConnico was at his desk by the departure for the United States in February again Monday morning. of Vice Consul George Barringer, who is forced to Vice Consul Percy G. Kemp, formerly of Ta¬ leave the service on account of ill health. He and nanarive, Madagascar, assumed his duties as Vice Mrs. Barringer made many friends during his as¬ Consul at the Hull Consulate on January 2nd— signment to Dublin and the enforced termination succeeding Walter A. Thomas, Vice Consul, re¬ of his assignment is greatly regretted. signed. Deep sympathy is extended to Consul B. M. Mrs. Merinda C. Moessner, the widowed mother Hulley of the Consulate General on the death of of Vice Consul Wallace E. Moessner, Manchester, his father. Mr. Hulley was on leave in the United England, died suddenly at her home in San Jose, States in March. California, on January 17, 1934. Sincere sym¬ W. G. B. pathy is extended to Mr. Moessner and his family. Consul Clement S. Edwards (who retired on NAPLES March 31) relinquished charge at Bradford on The following Foreign Service Officers and their January 27th and proceeded to the United States wives passed through Naples en route to their re¬ accompanied by Mrs. Edwards and her mother, spective posts: Mrs. Auld, a Spanish maid, and “Kiltie,” the Consul and Mrs. James R. Wilkinson en route to cairn terrier. The last-named, presumably in fear Leghorn, Consul General and Mrs. Graham H. of sea-sickness, deserted the partv and is still at Kemper en route to Rome, and Consul and Mrs. large “doing London on his own.” Gilson G. Blake en route to the United States. Consul Ernest E. Evans, now at Naples, will On February 19, 1934, the United States Minister succeed Consul Edwards at Bradford, where he to Persia, the Honorable William H. Hornibrook, expects to arrive with Mrs. Evans and their little and his family stopped at Naples accompanied by 245 JHE AMERICAN fOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL ex-Governor Baxter of Maine. They attended one the acting Commercial Attache, George R. Canty, of the staff luncheons which w'as given for them and whose permanent post is Trade Commissioner in Vice Consul and Mrs. Claude H. Hall, Jr., who were the Office of the Commercial Attache, Berlin. Mr. leaving for Alexandria. Woods was to sail by the Euro pa from Cherbourg. Mr. George Gordon, Counselor of Embassy in D. W. Berlin, was at Naples for a few days, as were the Honorable and Mrs. Walter E. Edge, both en route BELGRADE to Bombay. Mrs. Howard Bucknell, Jr., accompanied by her H. B. M., JR. two children, recently left Belgrade for the United States to visit her mother, Mrs. Nathaniel B. GENEVA Stewart, who now resides at Americus, Georgia. Excellent skiing weather during the winter has attracted the following to Gstaad: Mrs. Robert Pell VIENNA from Paris, Mrs. Prentiss Gilbert from Geneva, Mrs. On Tuesday evening, March 20th, in honor of B. Reath Riggs from Bern, and Mrs. David William¬ the departing American Minister to Austria, Mr. son from Budapest. The “Widows’ Club” is visited George H. Earle III, and Mrs. Earle, the American by the respective husbands whenever the custom¬ Colony and American Societies in Vienna partici¬ arily well advertised pressure of work will permit. T pated in a gala reception and musicale. The Anne Mr. E. Dana Durand of the l . S. Tariff Commis¬ Holden Singers furnished the tasteful musical sion, American member of the League’s Commit¬ program. tee of Statistical Experts, and Mr. Herbert L. May, The affair proved to be an artistic and social American member of the Permanent Central Opium event such as is seldom seen in Vienna. To the Board, were in touch with the Consulate during the Editor of the Vienna Herald, who was privileged recent meetings of their respective committees in to have a few minutes’ conversation with Mr. Earle, Geneva. the latter said: “I can not tell you how sorry I am Mr. and Mrs. Livingston Hartley are now' living to leave Vienna, as I have just begun to love this in Geneva, where Mr. Hartley is said to be putting country and the Austrian people. But, fortunately, the finishing touch on a novel satirizing interna¬ you are going to have a wonderful personality and tional life in this city. Mr. Hartley recently resigned a live-wire as my successor. Mr. Messersmith, from the Foreign Service while serving in the Amer¬ hitherto American Consul General in Berlin, comes ican Consulate General at Buenos Aires. to Vienna with wide sympathies and a vast store of Mr. and Mrs. John Sterett Gittings have been experience. making a sojourn in Geneva before sailing for the “He is sure to carry on and uphold the traditions United States. Mr. Gittings recently resigned from of amity between the Austrian and American peo¬ the Foreign Service while servintr as Second Secre¬ ples. I know that Americans will be proud to have tary of the American Embassy at Berlin. Mr. Messersmith as their Diplomatic Representa¬ tive here, and that Austrians will find him the ideal LEIPZIG representative of our country.” Consul and Mrs. Busser gave on the 26th of On Wednesday evening, March 21st, the Amer¬ January at their home in the Zoellner Strasse a ican Minister, Mr. George H. Earle III, and Mrs. Fancy Dress Ball, which was attended by guests Earle, who are returning shortly to the United of various nationalities, including the Consuls of States, entertained about three hundred guests at Argentina, Great Britain, Italy, Poland, and Switz¬ a farewell reception at their residence in Argen- erland, and their w'ives, many Germans of the tinierstrasse. Those attending included President Leipzig younger set, the members of the Ameri¬ and Mrs. Miklas, the Austrian Chancellor and Mrs. can Consulate and their wives, and other Ameri¬ Dollfuss, Vice Chancellor Fey, Prince Starhemberg, cans residing or studying in Leipzig. The rooms the Papal Nuncio, the members of the Cabinet and were illuminated with artistic lanterns made by their wives, the Diplomatic Corps, the staffs of the woodcarvers in the Erzgebirge; the decorations American Legation and the Consulate General and and some of the costumes were from scenes in all the high lights of the American and English “Alice in Wonderland.” colonies in Vienna and of the Viennese aristocracy. The event proved to be the most elaborate and PRAGUE memorable of the winter season. Sam. E. Woods, recently named Commercial At¬ On April 13 and 14 in the Post Theatre, the tache in Prague, returned to the United States un¬ English Amateurs of Vienna, directed by Mr. Nigel der orders on February 8, 1934, and left in charge Ferguson, will produce the popular and successful, 246 THE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

thrilling mystery play, “The Bat,” by Avery Hop- Consul William P. Blocker left Juarez early in wood and Mary Roberts Rinehart, which enjoyed the afternoon of March 16th to meet the Mexico extensive runs in New York and London. City northbound train some seventeen miles south Mr. Francis R. Stewart, the American Consul, of Juarez and accompanied the Ambassador into who will be remembered for his clever portrayal in the city. “So This Is London,” will this time play the leading An imposing and colorful sight greeted Mr. Dan¬ role, opposite Mrs. Josephine Harris, the wife of iels upon his arrival in the Mexican city. Besides the American Consul General. The entire proceeds the gaily decorated American and Mexican automo¬ of these performances will be devoted to Austrian bile division which waited to escort him across the charities. international boundary to El Paso, Texas, there were the Juarez garrison troops, infantry and cav¬ KINGSTON, JAMAICA alry, in formation parallel to the railway track for Kingston has been fortunate in the past month several blocks. A Mexican military band gave ex¬ in receiving a visit from His Excellency, the very citement and enthusiasm to the scene. The Mexican affable and delightful Dr. Alfred Sze, Minister of people of Juarez, strategic point on the northern the Chinese Republic to Washington. Dr. Sze border of the Republic, had adopted genial, friendly while making a tour of the Caribbean visited Mr. Daniels on sight. General Short, Commandant Kingston March 12th and 13th on the S. S. at Ft. Bliss, Texas, as well as many delegations Duchess of Bedford. Foremost among the enter¬ were present to greet the Ambassador. The Cham¬ tainment offered His Excellency was a dinner given bers of Commerce of both sides of the boundary by the Chinese Benevolent Society of Jamaica line were especially represented by practically the which was attended by most of the prominent entire memberships. Chinese of the Island, by some distinguished Ja¬ The Ambassador spent a very busy three days in maican citizens, and by Consul Corcoran and Vice El Paso and in Juarez, calling on officials, receiving Consuls Oakes and Kelly, the American Consulate calls, attending several banquets and luncheons in acting in behalf of Chinese interests on the Island. his honor, and making six speeches during the time Consul Corcoran in replying to the toast to the he spent here on the southwestern border. United States made an appropriate and exceed¬ A function of particular interest was the State ingly well received speech. Department personnel luncheon in honor of the In addition to Minister Sze the staff at the Con¬ Ambassador given at the Paso del Norte Hotel. sulate has had the pleasure during the past month Great credit must be given to Mr. Milton L. Dennis, of seeing Miss Albina Landstreet Parkins of the Special Disbursing Officer of the Boundary Com- Department of State, who passed through Kings¬ ton while making a Caribbean tour; Diplomatic (Continued to page 264) Secretary Glenn Allan Abbey on leave from Ca¬ racas, and Vice Consul John Cochran Pool on leave from Buenos Aires. C. H. 0.

CIUDAD JUAREZ A general pleasure and a generous spirit of com¬ munity hospitality prevailed in the wholehearted reception given our Ambassador to Mexico, the Honorable Josephus Daniels, when he arrived from Mexico City on the occasion of the inauguration of the six million dollar Rio Grande River Rectifica¬ tion program of the United States and Mexico, March 16 to March 19, 1934. With Ambassador Daniels, the central figures of this historical incident were L. M. Lawson, Com¬ missioner, United States and Mexico, representing the State Department in the International Boundary Commission, and Armando Santa Cruz, one of Mexico’s youngest and brilliant engineers, Commis¬ Left to right: Honorable Josephus Daniels, American Ambassador to Mexico; Consul William P. Blocker, Ciu¬ sioner for Mexico, in the above mentioned commis¬ dad Juarez; and L. M. Lawson, American Commissioner sion. International Boundary Commission, Mexico-United States. 247 Foreign Service Changes

The following changes have occurred in the For¬ Non Career eign Service since March 17, 1934, and up to Alan G. Peter, Acting Consular Agent at St. April 14, 1934: Lucia, B. W. I., appointed American Consular (Date in parenthesis is that of announcement Agent at that post. (March 31, 1934.) to the press.) The American Consulate at Messina, Italy, has Career been ordered closed effective June 30, 1934. Charles H. Heisler of Milford, Del., American (April 14, 1934.) Consul at Danzig, now in the United States, as¬ signed American Consul at Hamilton, Bermuda. (April 14, 1934.) DIPLOMATIC APPOINTMENT Benjamin Muse of Petersburg, Va., First Secre¬ Mr. George H. Messersmith, formerly Ameri¬ tary of Legation at Montevideo, Uruguay, assigned can Consul General at Berlin, whose appointment to the Department of State for duty, resigned from as Minister of Uruguay was confirmed by the the Service on March 15, 1934. (March 31,1934.) Senate on March 6, 1934, was on April 2, 1934, Robert M. Scotten of Detroit, Mich., First Secre¬ confirmed as Minister to Austria. This promotion tary of Embassy at Paris, France, assigned Coun¬ for merit of Mr. Messersmith, after twenty years selor of Embassy at Santiago, Chile. (April 14, in the consular branch of the Foreign Service, is 1934.) not only a recognition of the excellent work he The assignment of S. Walter Washington of has performed, but is also a source of gratifica¬ Charles Town, W. Va., now Third Secretary of tion to his many friends in the Service. Embassy at Tokyo, Japan, to be Third Secretary of Embassy at Istanbul, Turkey, has been canceled and he is designated Third Secretary of Legation at Bogota, Colombia. (April 14, 1934.) The Senate has confirmed the following nomina¬ tions of the President: Charles E. Bohlen of Ipswich, Mass., American Vice Consul at Moscow, to be a Secretary in the Diplomatic Service. (March 31, 1934.) George C. Hanson of Bridgeport, Conn., Ameri¬ can Consul General at Moscow, to be a Secre¬ tary in the Diplomatic Service. (March 31, 1934.) Karl de G. MacVitty of Chicago, 111., American Consul at Panama, Panama, to be a Secretary in the Diplomatic Service, and he is designated Sec¬ ond Secretary of Legation at Panama in addition to his consular duties. (March 21, 1934.) H. Earle Russell of Battle Creek, Mich., Ameri¬ can Consul at Alexandria, Egypt, to be a Consul General, and he is assigned American Consul Gen¬ eral at Alexandria. (March 31, 1934.) Angus I. Ward of Chassell, Mich., American Consul at Moscow, to be a Secretary in the Photo by Hugh S. Curnming, Jr. Diplomatic Service. (March 31, 1934.) MOLLENDO, PERU, JANUARY, 1934 John C. Wiley of Indianapolis, Ind., Counselor Left to right: Mrs. Ulric Bell, Consular Agent Ernest H. of the American Embassy at Moscow, to be a Quenet, Mrs. James Clement Dunn, and Hartley Howe, Consul General. (March 31, 1934.) Assistant Secretary, Montevideo Conference. 248 IF in Europe address enquiries or or¬ Banking Service ders to the European Office of the Security Storage Company of Washing¬ ton at 31 Place du Marche St. Honore, For Foreign Service Officers Paris. Insurance on shipments or the annual Gov¬ ernment Service Policy will be quoted and To members of the For¬ bound, and all information supplied regarding Security (steel) lift vans or wooden vans, eign Service stationed at their estimates supplied, etc., etc. various posts of duty a bank¬ Insurance policies written in strong ing connection in Washington, American companies at rates no higher than those of European underwriters. D. C., ofttimes proves in¬ Adjustment of losses handled with valuable. minimum delay. The Security Storage Company of Washing¬ The American Security and ton has excellent and extensive agency connec¬ tions throughout the world, through whose Trust Company located in cooperation shipments are delivered and or¬ Washington has for forty- ders for packing and shipping executed. four years served among other clients many distin¬ guished persons in the For¬ eign Service.

Through modern facilities the American Security is pre¬ pared to render a dependable banking and trust service. #mirtfg#fopagp (Jorapang of UJashingfon A Safe Depository for 44 Years AMERICAN SECURITY 1140 Fifteenth Street / ° AND TRUST1 COMPANY ° fl 31 Place du Marche 15TH AND PENNSYLVANIA AVE. St. Honore, Paris WASHINGTON, D. C. Cable Addresses "Storage” Washington "Medium” Paris CAPITAL $3,400,000 SURPLUS $3,400,000 Agents in all principal cities through whom MEMBER OP FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM we undertake packing and shipping household goods to and from anywhere—from a package to a houseful

The Security Storage Company was established in 1890 C. A. ASPINWALL, President. as the Storage Department of the American Security <£ Trust Co. and is still closely associated with that com¬ The Security Storage Company was established in pany. The Northwest Branch of the American Security 1890 as the Storage Department of the American (& Trust Co. is in the budding of the Security Storage Security <& Trust Co. and is still closely associated Co. at 1140 Fifteenth Street. with that company. The Northwest Branch of the American Security <6 Trust Co. is in the building of the Security Storage Co. at 1H0 Fifteenth Street.

249 JHE /^MERICAN pORElGN gERVICE JOURNAL

IMPORTANT DECISION On February 5, 1934, the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia rendered a decision of importance to the Foreign Service in upholding the dismissal of a suit brought to collect dam¬ ages from a Consul for alleged libel because of statements made in a World Trade Directory Re¬ port. The Court held: “In the present case the Consul made no publi¬ cation of the statements complained of but com¬ municated them in confidence to his superiors in the Government service. Such publication as was made of them was therefore made by the bureau acting under the orders and regulations of the Department of Commerce. The communications were made in the performance of an important public service, and in such case the Consul must be able to rely upon the confidential character thereof in order that he may freely and accurately answer the questions which are addressed to him.”

BIRTHS A son, Everett Ellis Briggs, was born on April 6, 1934, at Habana, Cuba, to Diplomatic Secretary and Mrs. Ellis 0. Briggs. A son was born at Washington, D. C., on April 15, 1934, to Vice Consul and Mrs. William D. Moreland, Jr.

MARRIAGES Murray-Kirker. Married on February 28, 1934, at Peiping, China, Mr. Lee Murray, of Frederick, Hailed as Today’s Md., and Miss Ruth Sutton Kirker, of Toppenish, CLASSIC OF THE SEA! Wash. Mr. Murray (formerly in the Department of State and then clerk at the Legation in China) CAPTAIN JAMES P. BARKER’S great narrative of his experiences under sail has been appointed Vice Consul at Moscow and as told to Roland Barker. Extolled as a book for the ages. has already proceeded to his post. Mrs. Murray, who was formerly clerk at the Legation at San Percy Hutchinson, New York TimeA Hook Review: “A classic, an astounding tale with¬ Salvador and later at Peiping, is coming to the out an exact counter-part in books of the sea.” United States before going to Moscow. Illustrated with rare photographs and a map in four colors—S2.50. Graves-Calloway. Married on March 22, 1934, at Managua, Nicaragua, Diplomatic Secretary George M. Graves, of Vermont, and Miss Cath¬ THE LOG of a erine Calloway, of Cincinnati, Ohio. Mr. Graves L1MEJUICER is stationed at Managua. HUNTINGTON PRESS Trimble-Carroll. Married on April 2, 1934, at PUBLISHERS Greenspring Valley, Maryland, Vice Consul Wil¬ 205 E. 42nd Street, New York liam Cattell Trimble, of Maryland, and Miss Nancy (This space courtesy of Carl M. J. von = Gordon Carroll, of Baltimore, Md. Mr. Trimble is stationed at Buenos Aires, Argentina. 250 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

IN MEMORIAM

Sincere sympathy is extended to Mr. Stanley Woodward, Second Secretary of the American Legation at Port-au-Prince, Haiti, in the death of his sister Miss Gertrude Houston Woodward, Jr., Distinguished members of at Zurich, Switzerland, on March 6, 1934. Miss the Diplomatic Service fol¬ Woodward was the daughter of Dr. George Wood¬ low tradition in selecting ward, of Philadelphia, Pa. The Plaza as their New York home. They find here a standard of excellence that Alvin Guy Estes, who after several years’ service in the Department of State had recently is known in all countries. been on duty in the Passport Division, died in Single rooms from $5. FACING CENTRAL PARK Washington on March 30, 1934, after a short illness. Mr. Estes was born in Jay, Maine, June • A 25% discount from room charges is allowed members of the Foreign Service. 17, 1886. During the War Mr. Estes was an Army field clerk from 1917 to 1919 in the Over¬ Henry A. Rost, Managing Director, seas Service; thereafter he acted as Chief Clerk John D. Owen, Manager of the political and economic section, American Commission to Negotiate Peace, Paris, 1919. He entered the Department of State in February, 1926. After studying at the Georgetown Law PLflZ School in 1916-17. he later, in 1927, obtained FIFTY-NINTH STREET AND FIFTH AVENUE the degree of LL.B. at the National University Law School, and was admitted as a member of the Bar of the District of Columbia.

The Department announced, with deep regret, on April 4 the receipt of a telegram from the American HOMELIKE Consulate General at Shanghai, China, reporting withItl a yan&tama. un.ea.ualiLled the death of Mrs. Edwin S. Cunningham, wife of the American Consul General at Shanghai, at ten eUewLete in y\lew^ljctk ^ot leauty . . . o’clock that morning at the Mission Hospital at # The Savoy-Plaza provides the Hangchow. Consul General and Mrs. Cunningham homelike warmth and charm that had motored to Hangchow where she became sud¬ informed travellers demand, plus denly ill. Mrs. Cunningham by her gracious hos¬ superior service and an unsurpas¬ pitality had endeared herself to so many Americans, sed cuisine. Single rooms from $5. officials and others, who have visited or resided at A 25% discount from room charges is allowed members of Shanghai during the past 14 or 15 years, that the the Foreign Service. news of her sudden death will be a painful shock to her many friends. Fuller details will probably Henry A. Rost, Managing Director arrive by mail for publication in our next issue. FIFTH AVE., 58th TO 59th STS. Deep and sincere sympathy is extended to Consul General Cunningham. m The Honorable William W. McDowell, Ameri¬ can Minister to the Irish Free State, died with tragic suddenness on April 9, at a dinner given in PLAZA his honor at Dublin Castle by President Eamonn OVERLOOKING CENTRAL PARK de Valera. The Minister collapsed when replying to congratulatory speeches at the banquet.

251 JHE /^MERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION

EUGENE H. DOOMAN JOSEPH E. JACOBS President Secretary-T reasurer

J. ALAN MAPHIS, Insurance Adviser

HARRY A. HAVENS, Assistant to Secretary-Treasurer

The following is the Annual Report for the Fiscal Year ended February 28, 1934:

STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS

Receipts Disbursements Balance brought forward— $24,679.98 Premiums paid Equitable Life Assurance Premiums 25,637.51 Society . $25,196.25 Interest 559.32 Clerical assistance 615.00 Refunds: Checks protested 348.85 Protested checks redeposited . 348.85 Premiums refunded , , 305.00 Exchange on foreign checks 3.93 Printing and stationery , 84.75 Funds received for transmission - 13.99 Audit fee . 50.00 Funds transmitted for members 13.99 Bond of Secretary-Treasurer 12.50 Exchange on foreign checks 4.75 Tax on checks ... .96 Balance carried forward 24,611.53

$51,243.58 $51,243.58

STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

Assets Liabilities Cash on hand — — $24,611.53 Reserve fund $18,392.30 Premiums due 2/28/34, but not received 706.60 Held for premiums due 3/1/34 6,547.59 Current fund 378.24

$25,318.13 $25,318.13

Members March 1, 1933 343 Deceased and disability.., 4 Additions during year ». 13 Withdrawn and retired 24 356 28

Total members March 1, 1934 328 Net decrease for the year ... *1 15 Total amount of insurance in force March 1, 1934.— $1,641,000 Insurance claims: March 1, 1933-February 28, 1934.. $23,000 Henry B. Hitchcock $6,000 Henry C. von Struve , $6,000 Henry P. Starred 9,000 William Karnes (total disability) $2,000

JOSEPH E. JACOBS, Secretary-T reasurer.

252 Mr. McDowell was 67 years of age. He was born in Tennessee, but went at an early age to Montana where he had a long and valued career WOODWARD & LOTHROP as a public servant, culminating in his election as Lieutenant Governor of the State. He had pre¬ 10th, 11th, F and G Streets sented his credentials to President de Valera as "A Store Worthy of the Nation*s Capital** recently as March 27. The capital of the Irish Free State went at once into mourning, and official messages of sympathy We invite you to were sent to the United States. The Dail ad¬ use our shopping journed as a mark of respect when the Minister’s body was taken on April 13 to Cobh where it service, created for was placed on the steamship “Manhattan” bound Foreign Service for the united States for interment at Memphis, Tenn. Secretary Hull expressed his grief in a families. public statement and said that he had been im¬ pressed with Mr. McDowell’s sterling integrity, Surround yourself with the indispensable Ameri¬ clear thinking and common sense. can things through this service. Mrs. Marian Tolson will personally make your selections. Address her at Woodward & Lothrop, Wash¬ ington, D. C., U. S. A. The news was received on April 16, with keen regret, of the death that day at Petropolis, Brazil, of Edwin V. Morgan, former American Ambassa¬ dor to Brazil. Mr. Morgan had a long and envi¬ able record in the Foreign Service, and the news of his death will be a matter of deep regret to his many friends. Mr. Morgan was born at Aurora, N. Y., Febru¬ ary 22, 1865. After graduation from Harvard with the degree of M.A. in 1891, he attended the University of Berlin for four years; for two years he was an instructor in history at Harvard, and JANE WANDL later he was on the staff of Adelbert College. SILK HOSE His first appointment in the Foreign Service was Jane Wandl Silk Hose as Secretary of Legation at Seoul in January, is beautifully fashioned in the correct shades for 1900; later he was appointed Vice and Deputy daytime and evening wear. Consul General at Seoul, and the following year Ringless, clear and sheer, (1901) Second Secretary at Petrograd; from 1902 with a dainty lace run- to 1904 he was confidential clerk to the Third stop, it is inspected and sealed in individual pack¬ Assistant Secretary of State, then going as Consul ages. $1.35, 3 pairs $3.90. at Dalny. 7n March 1905 he was appointed Min¬ The sheer ingrain silk ister to Korea, but in November of that year he hose, $1.65 was sent as Minister to Cuba, where he served Same with Paris clocks, until 1909 when he was transferred as Minister $1.95 to Paraguay and Uruguay. Two years later, May, Semi-sheer all-silk, with 1911, he was appointed Minister to Portugal, but plaited sole, in January of the following year he was sent as $1.35, 3 pairs $3.90 Ambassador to Brazil, where he served until his A good, yet inexpensive retirement on April 23, 1933, his tenure of office hose, in chiffon all silk having been extended beyond the age of 65 by or semi-sheer—lisle rein¬ Executive Order of December 23, 1929. Mr. Mor¬ forced. 88c, 2 pairs $1.75. gan had been in the United States recently, and Due to market conditions, indeed had only returned to Brazil a few weeks prices quoted are subject ago. to change without notice.

253 The Drake Estate

By GUY W. RAY, Vice Consul, Guaymas, Mexico

PRACTICALLY every diplomatic and consular every dollar invested. Thus a contribution of a officer of the United States has no doubt at few dollars would make one independent for life. some time during his career been called upon to Conversations with dozens of victims revealed that answer inquiries from American citizens at home none of them had a definite idea as to how much regarding their claims to allegedly vast fortunes they were to receive for their investments, or in awaiting them, it being stated most frequently that fact why they should get anything at all. It was the sums are “held in Chancery” pending the ap¬ carefully impressed upon them by Hartzell and his pearance of a rightful claimant. However, no rec¬ twenty-one agents that they must not be inquisi¬ ord could be found of any officer other than the tive. “Silence, secrecy, and non-disturbance” was writer having been called to the United States to the oft repeated motto by which all “co-workers” testify as to the non-existence of one of these vast were to be guided. old estates. The Drake estate enterprise probably has been One Oscar M. Hartzell, an American citizen born the most successful but there have been a number of in Illinois, was convicted of using the United others such as the Cromwell, Helen Sheridan States mails to defraud in furtherance of a scheme Blake, Duke of Argyll, Mosher, Jennings, Bonet for collecting funds for the alleged prosecution and Fazackerly estates. The above are only a of a claim to the supposedly immense fortune of few of the many which may be classed as entirely Sir Francis Drake, famous English navigator and mythical. While the estates may not all be myth¬ friend of Queen Elizabeth, and was sentenced by ical so far as existence many years ago is con¬ Federal Judge George C. Scott last November at cerned, the idea that Americans, or anyone else, Sioux City, Iowa, to ten years in prison, $2,000 might now inherit part or all of one of these vast fine, and costs. mysterious fortunes is nothing more than a myth. For several years, the American Embassy and Either the estates never existed, or were settled so Consulate General at London, England, had been long ago that the statutes of limitation would ap¬ endeavoring to persuade the British authorities to ply many times over. But Hartzell dealt with “the deport Hartzell in order that he might be prose¬ King and the Highest Powers That Be” and his ne¬ cuted in the United States for his activities in con¬ gotiations were stated to be outside the pale of nection with the so-called Drake estate. Follow¬ ordinary law. ing the presentation of documentary evidence by the Hartzell apparently served his apprenticeship as Consulate General, Hartzell was finally deported a collector of funds for the Drake estate. How¬ from England in February, 1933. On his arrival ever, he gradually made his way up the ladder, at New York, he was taken to Sioux City, Iowa, for and when deported from England he had twenty- trial in the midst of his numerous contributors; one agents working for him in Iowa, Nebraska, “co-workers,” he called them, but the prosecution South Dakota, Texas, and elsewhere. He demanded preferred the designation of “victims.” from these agents a minimum of $2,500 weekly For more than fifty years, one of the safest and and when there was a shortage they were severely most profitable schemes for defrauding gullible taken to task. Americans has been the collection of funds for the In order to present evidence against Hartzell, alleged prosecution of claims to so-called old es¬ an English Barrister, a private detective, and an tates in England. It is not at all necessary to be a American Vice Consul were brought to the United direct descendant of the persons who are said to States from London. Among the other Government have left the estate. Many promoters sell “shares” witnesses were a “caligrapher” from the Library or “units.” For the Drake estate, a mere “dona¬ of Congress: Dr. Cross, Professor of English His¬ tion” was sufficient. The receipts given the vic¬ tory at the University of Michigan; two Postoffice tims made no mention of what they were to receive inspectors; a United States attorney from New and were simple in form, usually somewhat as fol¬ York, who had interviewed Hartzell on his arrival lows: in the United States; a handwriting expert; a “Received from the sum of county sheriff; and a number of agents and vic¬ as a donation to the Drake estate fund.” tims. Thousands of pages of documentary evidence “Donators” were “given to understand” that they were presented to show that no vast Drake fortune would receive from five to ten thousand dollars for existed, and that the whole scheme was a fraud. 254 THE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL A REVOLUTION -TRAVEL

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255 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

The reading of the documents presented as evi¬ On the first day of the trial at Sioux City, Hartz- dence by Special Assistant to the Attorney General ell lost his hat. Ordinarily the loss of a hat would John S. Pratt brought out many of Hartzell’s fan¬ not be particularly remarkable. But this was no tastic claims, his boasts as to familiarity with the ordinary hat. Hartzell’s familiar boast was that King of England “and the Highest Powers That he was a close friend of the British Royal Fam¬ Be,” and the manner in which he played the role ily. Since arriving in America, he had been in the of Simon Legree with his agents when they failed habit of wearing a derby hat in the lining of which to send him the required sum of $2,500 weekly. was the maker’s label bearing the words: “By Great Britain’s crown jewels and huge quantities Special Appointment to His Majesty the King of of gold were involved in this fabulous lost-for¬ England.” He only had to whip off his hat and tune tale which unfolds like a chapter of Arabian show the lining to prove his intimacy with the Nights. The amount involved was in excess of King! $22,500,000,000, in 100 cent dollars. Untold In spite of the fact that Hartzell frequently wealth was stated to have been lying dormant for scolded his agents for falling short of the $2,500 the past three centuries, the product of Sir Francis weekly, and cabled telling them to “get busy and Drake’s romantic and picturesque exploits on the make up the shortage,” not a single one of the sev¬ Spanish Main. According to Hartzell’s propaganda, eral agents called to the witness stand would admit it was waiting to be claimed from the King of Eng¬ that he had collected money for the cause. They land and the British Government. He averred that would say: “Yes, I received some money, but I he had an assignment from the direct descendant of didn’t collect any.” (Here the question might be the son of Sir Francis Drake, and that the fortune raised as to whether Consular officers collect fees would be turned over to Americans who had “do¬ or merely receive them.) The loyalty of Hartzell’s nated” their hard earned dollars for the privilege agents and the donators is beyond belief. It might of sharing in this wealth which, according to some have been supposed that after his indictment for of the bulletins sent out, was “more than you could fraud the deluded and disillusioned victims would ever dream of.” have turned against him. But not so. The defense Agents in the mid-west became so reckless that counsel was justified in boasting that out of nearly they assured gullible investors that the King of 50,000 donators the Government was not able to England a few years ago became ill through wor¬ produce even one who was dissatisfied! Further¬ rying over the dread secret of the Drake fortune. more, the victims put up the money for his bail, and Excerpts were quoted from newspaper and maga¬ raised a fund for his defense, reported to be in zine articles and from radio broadcasts to prove excess of $75,000. It was brought out in the trial that both the American and British governments that persons receiving relief from the Government were greatly concerned over this gigantic real es¬ had contributed to the Hartzell fund. tate deal. One donator, about 60 years of age, was called to the witness stand, and when questioned as to how much he had contributed, asked: “Do I have to answer that?” When told that he did, he whis¬ pered: “One thousand dollars.” He then went on to explain that he and his wife had gone “Fifty- fifty,” except when “one time I slipped one over on her and put in $175 more than she had in it.” The Judge was so amused that he even forgot to re¬ strain the laughter in the courtroom. The defense had a glimmer of success in proving that a Petition of Rights would not be affected by the statutes of limitation, but that line of evidence was ruled out by the Court on the ground that there was no testimony to show that a Petition of Rights had ever been presented. There are a number of descendants of the family of Sir Francis Drake living in England today. A few estates are still in the possession of the Drake

Photo by H. E. Angel family. Historical Buckland Abbey, in which are CLOCK TOWER IN PUBLIC SQUARE, kept a number of relics left by Sir Francis Drake, is ANTOFAGASTA, CHILE inhabited by a descendant of Sir Francis. Among 256 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

the relics, is the famous drum of Sir Francis Drake which, according to tradition, is heard to beat UNITED FRUIT CDmPANY when any calamity or event of great national sig¬ GREAT nificance is about to take place. The idea that WHITE American claimants mights now dislodge the pres¬ FLEET ent owners after nearly 350 years of continuous possession by the family merely provokes laughter Regular Freight and Passenger Service among British officials and lawyers. Furthermore, BETWEEN the total value of the property is much less than New York, New Orleans, Boston and San Francisco the total of the sums contributed by would-he claim¬ AND ants in the United States for the alleged purpose Cuba, Jamaica, Panama, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, British Honduras, of prosecuting their claims. Mexico, Nicaragua, Salvador. The defense was a complete “fiasco,” and nothing Weekly service with transshipment at Cristobal came of its boast that evidence would be introduced (Canal Zone) to West Coast Ports of Central to show that Queen Elizabeth had an illegitimate America, South America and Mexico at differ¬ son by Sir Francis. ential rates. Through bills of lading to all points. Speaking to the jury at the end of the trial, Shipments to El Salvador handled expedi¬ United States Attorney Harry M. Reed said he felt tiously via Puerto Barrios, Guatemala and the sorry for the defense counsel who couldn’t say International Railways of Central America. anything favorable to his client but was reduced For Rates and Other Information Address: to the unsavory trick of attacking the prosecuting FREIGHT TRAFFIC DEPARTMENT attorneys. He reminded the jury that Hartzell had Pier 3, North River, New York, N. Y. produced no assignment, no Petition of Rights, and 1001 Fourth St., Ill W. Washington St., no evidence whatsoever that he had ever done any¬ San Francisco, Calif. Chicago, 111. thing to obtain a fortune for his victims. Mr. Reed Long Wharf, 321 St. Charles St., recalled that Hartzell had claimed there was prop¬ Boston, Mass. New Orleans, La. erty involved to the value of more than twenty-two General Offices: One Federal Street, Boston, Mass. billion dollars, and remarked: “That would have been the biggest real estate deal in history. Hartzell could not have kept it secret. In comparison, the Louisiana Purchase was mere chicken feed. Sew¬ ard’s Alaska Purchase was just something you do late one afternoon when you are all tired out. . . Hartzell was receiving over $2,500 a week. Are you, Gentlemen of the Jury, going to permit the people of Iowa to continue to pay tribute to this swindler? He lived in luxury in London on hard- earned money contributed by the people of this state. . . . Promises. Promises. Fraud from start to finish and he knew it. If this man goes out of A SENATOR here with the indorsement of this jury, the State A MAN who lays down the law at the day’s of Iowa will pay millions more tribute to him. end and takes up his social life where the law of There has been no trial as important to the people hospitality has never had a constitutional amendment —The Willard Hotel. ... of Northwest Iowa as this one in a generation.” Two Blocks from the White House, Near Theatres, Public Buildings, and Historic When I heard the defense counsel threaten to , Points. . . World renowned Cuisine. prove that Queen Elizabeth had an illegitimate Single Rooms with Bath S4 up Double Rooms with Bath $6 up child by Sir Francis Drake, I thought of the lit¬ 25% Discount on Room Charges to Members tle girl who was asked to write an essay on that of the United States Foreign Service. celebrated English ruler. She wrote as follows: Popular Priced Coffee Shop Write for Illustrated Booklet and Rates “Queen Elizabeth was known as the Virgin Queen. u/ke She was a great success as a Queen.” However, no proof was forthcoming of indiscretions with Sir WILLARD HOTEL 14th and Pennsylvania Avenue Francis, and so far as the recent Drake estate trial Washington, D. C. at Sioux City is concerned textbooks on English H. P. SOMERVILLE, Managing Director history will not have to be rewritten. 257 RULES OF FOREIGN SOCIETY An experienced American diplomat lies kindly contributed the following words of advice as to the differences in social customs between the United States and Great Britain on the one hand, and Continental European and Latin American nations on the other hand: The Foreign Service Officer is sent abroad by his Government, not to act as a representative in the sense of a wax figure, to show what God and Every modern facility for the safe handling the Constitution have produced in the western and care of household treasures. hemisphere, nor for the purpose of converting the rest of the world to our theories of Government, but as a representative in the same sense as the FEDERAL STORAGE agents of a corporation. They are expected to look after the interests of their principals. Con¬ sequently one of the first objects of a representa¬ COMPANY tive should be to get on friendly terms with his 1707 Florida Avenue ADams 6304 customers, or in other words the people of the country where he is stationed. It is obvious that this cannot be accomplished if the agent dis¬ We are agents of the Allied regards local prejudices, and insists upon obtrud¬ Van Lines, Inc., for nation¬ ing the customs of his own country upon the peo¬ ple with whom he comes into contact. wide motor van moving. It must be remembered that the people of every country are convinced of the wisdom of their own We represent exclusively in customs and manners, and anyone who expects Washington the Bowling to do business with them must conform to the customs of the country as far as he possibly can. Green steel lift van service It will be of no avail for him to argue that in for European shipping. the United States a lady speaks to a gentleman first if she encounters him on the street or else¬ We invite you to use our where. The reverse is the custom in all except Anglo-Saxon countries. The lady waits until she model Rug Cleaning Plant is spoken to, just as the man does in the United and Genuine Dry Cold Stor¬ States. If a man fails to salute a lady to whom age Vaults for furs and win¬ he has been introduced, he will be considered rude and must suffer the inevitable consequences. ter garments. A new comer is expected to take the initiative. He can sit at home until doomsday and if he OFFICERS fails to make the initial calls, no one will pay E. K. MORRIS HENDERSON S. DUNN any attention to him. It makes no difference what President Cashier is done in Oshkosh, the custom in the foreign HAROLD N. MARSH S. WEBSTER ADAMS Yice-Pres. (£■ Counsel Superintendent country is the reverse and that settles it. JAMES M. JOHNSTON A. RUSSELL BARBEE Yice-Pres. Treasurer Asst. Treasurer When a gentleman enters a room he first speaks H. RANDOLPH BARBEE MARIAN TRUMBULL to the hostess, and then the host, and thereafter Secretary Asst. Secretary approaches each lady whom he knows and speaks DIRECTORS to her. If there are ladies present to whom he CHARLES S. BAKER JAMES M. JOHNSTON has not been presented, he must ask the hostess H. RANDOLPH BARBEE HAROLD N. MARSH or host to be good enough to present him to them, DANIEL L. BORDEN CARROLL MORGAN otherwise it will not be done, and failure to ask HANSON E. ELY, JR. E. K. MORRIS presentation will be considered an indication of a HENRY P. ERWIN CHARLES P. STONE desire not to make their acquaintance. The same NORMAN B. FROST CHARLES G. TREAT D. P. GAILLARD GRIFFITH WARFIELD applies also to any gentlemen in the room to whom the new comer has not had himself intro- 258 duced. Do not argue the matter with yourself or anyone else, but accept the fact. The same holds good with strange ladies as far as other ladies are concerned. If a strange lady enters a drawing-room she goes directly to the hostess to whom she speaks, and then turns and speaks to any other ladies in the room she may know. If there are other ladies present whom she does not know, it is her duty imme¬ diately to ask the hostess to be good enough to introduce her to them. She will then notice that all of the foreign gentlemen will ask to have themselves presented to her. According to the strict protocol, the new comer should leave cards on people within two or three days after he has been introduced to them. If he has been introduced to a lady, he should take the first opportunity to have himself intro¬ duced to her husband, and should thereafter leave cards on both of them. If however, he has been presented only to the husband he should leave only one card, and if thereafter he is presented to the wife he should leave two cards, but if he leaves cards on a lady before knowing her hus¬ band, he should leave one for her husband as WORLD SERVICE well, otherwise it would be considered rude. I have known colleagues who have been several years in the Service and were still ignorant of for TRAVELERS these elementary rules of foreign society, and The American Express Travel Service scene above is they considered people cold and snobbish because typical. It begins when the Company’s uniformed in¬ they never met anyone, while on the other hand terpreter meets travelers at foreign railroad terminals, the foreigners must have thought them ignorant and continues with— and rude. All details incidental to foreign travel. .. In the United States the custom which was in Foreign financial accommodations . . . The vogue in England during the 18th Century, that shipment of merchandise and valuables . . . Marine Insurance . . . Customs Clear¬ of a gentleman referring to his wife in conversa¬ ances . . . Mail, Cable and Wireless tion as Mrs. A. and conversely Mrs. A. referring service to her husband as Mr. A. still persists. At pres¬ Traveling Americans seek help, advice and informa¬ ent however, in England and on the Continent tion from the American government representatives in as well, this is considered second rate, except cities abroad. In many of these foreign cities are when speaking to inferiors. Mrs. A. for example American Express offices equipped to take over the (speaks to her servants of Mr. A., but in referring business of serving such Americans in their travel, for¬ eign financial and shipping requirements, and in gen¬ to him in conversation with equals or superiors, eral to give them the assistance and information so she would say “my husband,” and he conversely important to traveling Americans. “my wife.” Because of their strategic locations and because of the It is ignorance of such little points to which wide variety of services they are able to perform, the the lack of success abroad of many Americans American Express offices can be of assistance to those who are attending to our government’s activities in for¬ can be traced. eign lands. Mark Twain during his early days as a news re¬ porter in San Francisco had an uphill experience. One day he was seen on the street with a cigar box AMERICAN under his arm. A lady friend approached and said: “I always see you with a cigar box under your arm. I’m afraid you’re smoking too much, Mr. EXPRESS Clemens.” “It isn’t that,” retorted Mark, “I’m mov¬ TRAVEL, FINANCIAL, SHIPPING SERVICB ing again.” New York Morning Telegraph. 259 A Political Bookshelf By CYRIL WYNNE, Department of State

DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE OF THE UNITED nications to Brazil and communications from STATES: INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS, 1831-1860. Brazil. Among the subjects in Volume I which Volume 1, ARGENTINA; Volume II, BOLIVIA AND are treated in detail by a careful selection of rel¬ BRAZIL. Selected and arranged by William R. evant documents are the Falkland Islands con¬ Manning (Washington, Carnegie Endowment for troversy; the blockade of the Rio de la Plata International Peace, 1932. Volume I, Pp. xxvi, by France and England and the efforts of the 589, $5.00; Volume II, Pp. xxvi, 544, $5.00). United States to mediate; the claims of Argen¬ It has long been a source of regret that no tina, Paraguay and Brazil regarding the Rio de Foreign Relations volumes have been published la Plata region and the issues presented from the covering the period 1829-1860; perhaps a gen¬ efforts of Rosas as Governor of Buenos Aires erous Congress will grant the appropriations to Province to intervene in Uruguay, which resulted meet the expense of such a publication at some in his overthrow in 1852. The correspondence future date. In the meanwhile Dr. William R. between the United States and Brazil published Manning, of the Division of Latin American Af¬ in Volume II would seem to indicate that some fairs, has been selecting and arranging docu¬ of our diplomats who served in that country ments comprising the diplomatic correspondence during this period might have been chosen with of the United States with the Latin-American a little more care; they were not men who were nations, which are being published by the Car¬ distinguished for their ability to understand the negie Endowment for International Peace. His difficult problems which faced them. three-volume compilation entitled “Diplomatic The reviewer recommends these volumes to Correspondence of the United States concerning Foreign Service officers who are interested in the Independence of the Latin-American Nations,” Latin-American affairs. So many books have appeared in 1925. This compilation covered the been published concerning our relations with the period 1810-1830 and, as its title indicates, dealt countries of Hispanic America which have been with the question whether the former European written in anything but an objective manner, colonies would become, or remain, independent. that a publication such as this work of Dr. Man¬ The three volumes were so favorably received by ning consisting, as it does, of source material in diplomats, historians, and students of interna¬ the form of diplomatic correspondence from the tional law that they are being followed by a archives of the Department, will be welcomed. sequel, namely, the “Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States: Inter-American Affairs,” WAR MEMOIRS OF DAVID LLOYD GEORGE. Vol¬ during the next three decades, 1831 to 1860. The ume I. 1914-1915; Volume II, 1915-1916 (Boston: first two numbers of this publication relate to Little, Brown, and Company. 1933. Volume I, Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil; it is understood Pp. vii, 469, $4.00; Volume II, 449, $5.00). that the publication will ultimately consist of We have here the many-sided David Lloyd twelve volumes, the later issues dealing with George, the statesman in time of crisis and the other Latin American countries. Volumes III politician at all times; the realist who was yet and IV, both devoted to Central America, are possessed of a vivid imagination which scorned now in print, but have not yet been distributed. tradition, precedent and sacred custom. We see The value of such a compilation of docu¬ him disagreeing, as civilian leaders in public life mentary material prepared by a scholar of the invariably do in time of war, with the profes¬ standing of Dr. Manning is obvious. It has sional soldiers and pointing with triumph to the meant and it will mean much labor in the vine¬ vindication of his position (when it was vindi¬ yard, but the record of that labor will remain cated) but not stressing the fact that future and contribute materially to a sympathetic un¬ events sometimes showed that he had made costly derstanding of the relations between the United errors of judgment. One can understand as one States and the neighboring republics. reads these volumes why Admiral Sims found Volume I is divided into two parts, consisting only one man in England during the dark days of communications to Argentina and communi¬ of the submarine campaign who refused to admit cations from Argentina, while Volume II con¬ that Great Britain was facing defeat. Statistics sists of four parts, namely communications to and tables showing a steadily growing increase in Bolivia, communications from Bolivia, commu- the loss of vessels sunk by German submarines 260 might cause grey-haired admirals to fear the worst but did not change the belief in ultimate victory of David of Wales, born in Manchester. He takes credit for seeing before the generals themselves that success in the war depended on munitions and supplies. Whether the credit is fully deserved is a matter of opinion, but there is no question that he played a big part in or¬ ganizing the munitions industry in England and getting high explosives, guns and tanks to the men in the fighting lines. If he did not con¬ ceive the idea, he carried it through, as probably nobody else could. It was a great achievement. In his discussion of the manner in which he dominated the “War Cabinet” and became not only Prime Minister but, for practical purposes, a war dictator, Lloyd George makes it quite clear that he was moved by the solemn conviction that such a course was necessary for the reason that he alone could save Great Britain; and what is more he writes about it in such a persuasive way that one is inclined to agree with him. The chapters dealing with Great Britain’s re¬ lations with the United States will probably irri¬ tate those who feel we were entirely too pro-ally during the period of our “neutrality” about as much as they will annoy those who feel we should have declared war on the Imperial Ger¬ man Government after the sinking of the Lusi¬ tania. One gathers that Lloyd George was not an admirer of Woodrow Wilson, although his comments concerning some of the problems which confronted the great President during this period show a keen understanding of the political diffi¬ culties involved in a country composed of such a population as that of the United States. He was probably a more astute politician than Woodrow Wilson, but whether he was his equal as a statesman is something which can only be de¬ cided by the verdict of history. What this final verdict will be regarding Wil¬ son, Lloyd George, Clemenceau, House and others whose names are “writ large” in the record of the World War is for the future to determine. It may not be irrelevant, however, to recall the query in the Letters of Junius, “Is this the wisdom of a great minister or is it the ominous vibration of a pendulum?”

UNITED STATES MINISTERS TO THE PAPAL STATES, INSTRUCTIONS AND DESPATCHES. Edited with Introduction by Leo Francis Stock. American Catholic Historical Association. Documents (Wash¬ ington: Catholic University Press. 1933. Pp. xxxix, 456. $5.00). In view of the requests which the Department 261 HE meric IK T A AN FOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL is constantly receiving for information concern¬ THE WASHINGTON ALPHABET ing the relations between the United States and the Papal States during the period (1848-1868) NEW DEAL AGENCIES when the American Government was represented AAA—Agricultural Adjustment Administration.—Plans in Rome by Ministers to llie Papal States, this pub¬ curtailment of certain basic farm commodities, in order lication should be read with much interest. The to cut down existing surplus, and makes compensatory correspondence, consisting of instructions of the payments to farmers who agree to reduce acreage. Department of State to these Ministers and their AVA*—Administration of Veterans’ Affairs.—Directs despatches to the Department, is for the first time Veterans’ Administration, which extends relief to war veterans and to dependents of dead veterans. collected and published in a manner which places BOB*—Bureau of the Budget.—Assembles and revises such documentary material at the disposal of the department estimates; proposes changes in interest of student of American diplomacy. The instruc¬ economy. tions and despatches are supplemented by valu¬ CAB—Consumers’ Advisory Board.—Part of NRA; ob¬ serves and reports effects upon consuming public of prices able notes which with the excellent introduction under codes. give the background to this chapter in our dip¬ CCC—Civilian Conservation Corps.—Enrolls and em¬ lomatic history. Dr. Stock does not pretend that ploys personnel to carry on conservation tasks in national the chapter is complete. As he points out, the forests. relevant documents in the Papal Archives have not CCC—Commodity Credit Corporation.—Buys and sells farm and other commodities, loans or borrows thereon; been published and therefore only one side is pre¬ assists in crop reduction and marketing in connection sented of the negotiations between the two govern¬ with relief plans. ments. CSB—Central Statistical Board.—Effects coordination The side which is presented, however, would of statistical services incident to purposes of NIRA. CWA—Civil Works Administration.—Offshoot of Pub¬ seem to indicate that the American Ministers at lic Works Administration; provides emergency employ¬ Rome—which included such men as Lewis Cass, ment on local improvement projects as substitute for Jr., and Rufus King—represented their country in “dole.” an able manner. Their reports to the Department DLB—Deposit Liquidation Board.—Makes advances to on political conditions in the Papal States and liquidating agents against assets so as to release funds the strength of the Temporal Power are of un¬ for distribution to depositors of closed banks. EC—Executive Council.—Organization of President’s usual interest when read in the light of what consultants created to prevent duplication of reconstruc¬ happened after these reports were written. It tion activities. may be noted that although all of the Ministers EHC—Emergency Housing Corporation.—Engages di¬ were non-Catholics, they seem to have had the rectly in slum clearance and erection of low-cost housing; assists public bodies and others in such projects. most cordial relations with the Vatican officials, EHFA—Electric Home and Farm Authority.—Serves particularly the distinguished Papal Secretary, in connection with TVA in equipping Tennessee Valley Cardinal Antonelli. for distribution of electricity. The circumstances which led to the termina¬ FACA—Federal Alcohol Control Ad ministration. - tion of the Legation in 1868 and the failure Carries out provisions of approved codes and marketing agreements to control liquor traffic. of Congress to make the necessary appropriation FCA—Farm Credit Administration.—Makes advances to meet the expense of maintaining the mission to agricultural producers and to agricultural credit cor¬ are recorded; one notes that the attitude of porations. Congress produced some forcible comments from FCT—Federal Coodinator of Transportation.—Proposes Minister King. methods by which groups of steam and electric railways may avoid waste and unnecessary duplication of facilities. Dr. Stock and the Catholic University Press FDIC—Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.—Pur¬ are to be congratulated for editing and issuing chases, holds and liquidates assets of national banks such a work. The publication of the diplomatic closed by Controller and insures up to $2,500 each deposit correspondence now in the Vatican Archives will in member banks of the Federal Reserve System and non-member participating banks. be awaited with interest. FERA—Federal Emergency Relief Administration.— Cooperates with and makes grants to individual States for relief; administers Federal Civil Works and Surplus Relief Corporation. FESB—Federal Employment Stabilization Board.—Co¬ International commerce conducted on a fair operates in formulating methods of advance planning; ad¬ and mutually profitable basis is not only calcu¬ vises on trend of employment and volume of construc¬ lated to aid materially in the restoration of tion. prosperity everywhere, but it is the greatest FHLBB—Federal Home Loan Bank Board.—Includes as members building loan associations, savings banks and civilizer and peacemaker in the experience of the mortgage institutions which subscribed for stock; loans human race.—CORDELL HULL. are made for building. 262 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

FPC*—Federal Power Commission.—Controls power sites on navigable waters and on public lands; regulates rates. = A matter of = FRB*—Federal Reserve Board.—Determines discount rates charged by member banks, supervises transactions and open-market operations, makes examinations of re¬ | DEEP SATISFACTION J serve banks. = to Americans in foreign service = FTC*—Federal Trade Commission.—Brings proceed¬ ings to prevent unfair competition, investigates business 1 THE RECORD SET g conduct (except among banks and carriers) and anti¬ trust act violations. H BY AMERICA’S NEW SHIPS |j GFA*—Grain Futures Administration.—Supervises trad¬ For a number of years America was not prop- —- ing in grain futures. erly represented on the North Atlantic. Today, our flag flies above those two new cabin liners HOLC—Home Owners Loan Corporation.—Designated Manhattan and Washington, the largest ever to aid owners of mortgaged homes; exchanges its bonds built in the United States and the fastest cabin 3 for home mortgages of less than $14,000. — liners in the world. ^ — The next time you cross the Atlantic sail on IAB—Industrial Advisory Board.—Composed of nine — one of these ships and learn why America is — industrialists and merchants who, under rotation plan, IT rapidly regaining her proper place among the ZL observe and counsel the NRA. ~ maritime nations of the world. With their — ^ running mates, the Pres. Harding and Pres. ^ ICC*—Interstate Commerce Commission.—Regulates r Roosevelt, the Manhattan and Washington offer 5 rates of common carriers; charged with preparing rail¬ weekly sailings to Ireland, England, France Z way consolidation plan; governs issuance of carriers’ and Germany. securities. s. s. S. S. JEB—Joint Economy Board.—Suggests economies; MANHATTAN WASHINGTON composed of budget and planning branch chief, War De¬ See your local agent. His services are free. partment budget advisers, and ten army and navy offi¬ cers. UNITED STATES LINES

LAB—Labor Advisory Board.—Adjunct of NRA; con¬ Roosevelt Steamship Co., Inc.. sulted on effects of codes and policies on workers. General Agents NCB—National Compliance Board.—Division of NRA; Main Office: No. 1 Broadway, New York r^\ J inquires into complaints of violations of codes. ■'•MCSTO:U«SI»VICI Offices in all principal cities NEC—National Emergency Council.—Composed of At¬ of the world. torney General, Secretaries of Interior, Agriculture, Com¬ merce, Labor, Budget Director and other executives. NLB—National Labor Board.—Deals with labor con¬ troversies arising under codes. NRA—National Recovery Administration.—Arranges codes with purpose of eliminating unfair competition, HOTEL LAFAYETTE lessening unemployment by shortening hours, and in¬ CORNER 16TH AND EYE STREETS, N. W. creasing minimum wages. PAB — Petroleum Administration Board. — Supervises WASHINGTON, D. C. production of crude and refined oil and inquires into ENTIRELY MODERNIZED UNDER NEW violations. MANAGEMENT PIA—Petroleum Industry Administration.—Administers NRA oil code; sets price limits. PSAC—Non-member Preferred Stock Advisory Com¬ • Radio loud speaker in mittee.—Functions in relation to RFC purchases of pre¬ ferred stock, capital notes and debentures of banks. every room. Every room PWA—Public Work Administration.—Makes allotments with tub and shower from the $3,300,000,000 fund authorized by Congress for public construction, conservation and slum clearance bath. • Coffee Shop— projects. Table and Counter Serv¬ RFC*—Reconstruction Finance Corporation.—Aids in ice. ® Dining Room— financing agriculture, commerce, industry; facilitates ex¬ ports by loans to banks, railroads, etc.; buys bank pre¬ Table d’Hote and A la ferred stock. Carte Service. SAB—Science Advisory Board.—Coordinates scientific activities of various government departments. TVA—Tennessee Valley Authority.—Controls develop¬ ment of Muscle Shoals and other water power resources Only three minutes from State Department, the White House and Business Section. in Tennessee Valley and plans to develop region as eco¬ J nomic unit. SPECIAL DISCOUNT USES—United States Employment Service.—Designed to all Diplomatic and Consular Officers to develop a national system of employment offices. JEFFERSON L. FORD, JR. *In existence before March 3, 1933. General Manager

263 HE MER1CAN QRE1GN P T A F gERVICE JOURNAL

NEWS FROM THE FIELD the office of the American mission from an attack by individuals, awaiting evacuation from Lithua¬ CIUDAD JUAREZ nian territory, who resented the presence of the (Continued from page 247) Americans. The inscription, in translation, is as follows: mission, who was chairman in charge of the lunch¬ “Here, March 18, 1919, honorably died Pranas eon program, seating, unique menu cards and beau¬ Eimutis, soldier of the Kaunas garrison, in defence tiful floral table decorations. of the Mission of the United States of America.” During the course of the Ambassador’s address M. L. S. to the personnel of the State Department in this region he smilingly commented on being the “youngest diplomat present,” having been in the BUDAPEST field just one year, and on the personnel members The Minister, Mr. Montgomery, visited Berlin being “15 percenters.” He emphasized many times the week of March 4th. He was accompanied by the splendid, progressive work of the two veteran his daughter, Miss Jean Montgomery. diplomats at this point on the international border, Consul General and Mrs. James B. Stewart had Consul William P. Blocker and Mr. L. M. Lawson, intended to motor to Naples to meet their daugh¬ the American Boundary Commissioner, and he ex¬ ter, Cecilia, who was due at that port on April pressed a genuine desire to stay longer “to learn 2nd from the United States. Unfortunately Mrs. from them how to be a diplomat.” Stewart developed a severe cold and their plans F. W. K. had to be given up. However, Mrs. Warren, wife of Consul Fletcher Warren, accompanied by Miss LIMA, PERU Mary Stewart, proceeded to Naples by train and, after spending some days with Consul and Mrs. The following officers have visited Lima during Hosmer, returned to Budapest. the past few weeks: Vice Consul John C. Pool, en Mr. David Darrah, Rome correspondent of the route from Buenos Aires 1o the United States; Com¬ Chicago Tribune, was in Budapest recently. Mr. mander Robert P. Molten, U. S. N., of the U. S. Darrah is engaged at present in writing a series Naval Base, near Cristobal, Canal Zone, en route of economic articles for his paper. to Buenos Aires; Vice Consul Carlos Clark Hall, A jazz concert on 24 pianos! That was Buda¬ proceeding to the United States on leave of absence pest’s recent challenge to Broadway, and inci¬ from his post at Valparaiso. dentally, to those of us who were about to believe Mr. and Mrs. Cyrus McCormick were guests of that there are not 24 pianos remaining in the Ambassador and Mrs. Fred M. Dealing in Lima for world. the month of March. Mrs. McCormick is a sister British Consul General McLean, Inspector of of Mrs. Dealing. Mr. McCormick made several trips British Consular Establishments, was in Budapest by plane to other parts of Peru. Their home is in during the week of March 12th. He crossed the Santa Fe, New Mexico. paths of Messrs. Totten and Eberhardt when they Vice Consul Arthur D. Jukes was a passenger in were “on the road,” and served in Zagreb when a Lockheed Vega plane from Lima to Cartavia and Joseph F. McGurk was there. He enjoyed hear¬ Trujillo and return which set up a speed record for ing the story which is told at Joe’s expense. It the trip. More than 700 miles were covered be¬ seems that Joe was driving in New York a few tween 9.10 a. m. and 2.20 p. m., with several stops, years ago and was ordered to the curb by a tow¬ including one in Trujillo for lunch. ering traffic cop. Dressing Joe down in no un¬ Vice Consul and Mrs. J. Kenly Bacon, who have certain terms as he approached the car, the arm been in Lima for a little over two years, sailed of the law bellowed: “What’s yer name?” Joe in March 31st for the United States on leave. After meekest manner replied: “Sir, me name’s Joey a visit to their home near Boston, Mr. Bacon ex¬ McGurk.” There was a moment’s silence and then pects to do some salmon fishing in New England. a very human and apologetic voice replied: “Now, Joey, me lad . . . .”

K AUNAS, LITHUANIA The circular instruction of February 9, 1934,— A tablet was unveiled on March 18, 1934, at the “Importation of Birds of the Parrot Family,” re¬ entrance of the Hotel Metropole, Kaunas, in mem¬ minds us of the parrot in the Rock Creek Zoo. A ory of Private Pranas Eimutis, Lithuanian Army, few years ago the Zoo officials were waiting pa¬ who was killed on March 18, 1919, while defending tiently for Congress to pass a certain appropria- 264 SYMBOL OF SERVICE TO THE WORLD

Member companies of Socony-Vacuum Corporation market the products of petroleum in sixty-three of the sixty-four countries of the earth. JHE AMERICAN fOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL tion bill and so one of the attendants taught a real contribution to the subject of nationality in a parrot to say, especially to visiting Congressmen, field which has not heretofore been covered by stu¬ “What about the appropriation?” Which leaves dents of nationality. The title does not give a fair us to wager that there are other parrots in vari¬ idea of the scope and contents of the book, which ous parts of the world which have picked up and covers two fields, resulting, however, in the same are now screeching that very same sentence! effect. The book discusses persons who are state¬ less at birth or who, having acquired nationality at A Foreign Service Officer who has had many birth, subsequently lost their nationality without painful and expensive experiences with unworthy acquiring another, and persons who possess a na¬ but persistent seekers for official aid states that tionality but no longer enjoy the protection of he has adopted the following plan: their Government. As such callers are often calling at every The author has traced very clearly and interest¬ consulate encountered in their travels, this officer ingly the development of the nationality laws and promptly advises his nearby colleagues on the interpretations placed upon these laws through line of travel probably taken by the U. B. P. S. court decisions and administrative opinions and The officer also makes out a card for a spe¬ practice which are considered to result in cases cial index of such applicants, so that the matter of statelessness or the semblance of statelessness. may be referred to at any time, and especially The author’s analysis of the administrative opin¬ by a new officer at that post who is often the ions and practice of the executive departments special prey of such U. B. P. S’s. shows that in innumerable cases the action of the Department of State has resulted in placing many American citizens in a position resembling state¬ DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE lessness. It is pointed out that there is a total of The Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Com¬ approximately eighty-six different conditions or merce, Department of Commerce, has kindly con¬ circumstances causing statelessness and the book is tributed, under date of April 16, 1934, the fol¬ devoted to a detailed analysis of the causes and lowing personnel news items relative to changes consequences of statelessness. among their foreign representatives: The author has divided stateless individuals from Commercial Attache Samuel Day of the Johan¬ the point of view of the United States into three nesburg office is en route to the United States on general categories: (1) Chapter II is concerned an unofficial trip. with “Statelessness as a Result of Marriage. ’ (2) Mr. Clayton Lane, Commercial Attache to War¬ Chapter III relates to “Statelessness of Adults Not saw, has been in the United States for several Resulting From Marriage.” (3) Chapter IV has months. On April 25 he will sail for Europe reference to “Statelessness of Minors. ’ Chapters where he will continue as Commercial Attache at V and VI concern “Consequences of Statelessness Warsaw and will relieve Trade Commissioner and “Conclusions.” Canty who has been acting in his absence. In Chapter IT the author discusses the early na¬ Trade Commissioner Basil D. Dahl from Stock¬ tional status of married women, the status of na¬ holm is Acting Commercial Attache in Prague tive born wives and widows before and subsequent pending the return of Commercial Attache Sam to the passage of the Cable Act, September 22, E. Woods who has been in the United States for 1922, and the status of alien born wives and several weeks. Mr. Woods sailed recently for widows before and subsequent to the same Act. Prague where he will resume his duties as Com¬ Included in the chapter are many examples of mercial Attache. hardship resulting from the provisions of law or absence of law of the United States having rela¬ tion to married women. Some of the examples BOOK REVIEW involve the alien wives of American officials. STATELESSNESS: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO In Chapter III consideration is given to the THE UNITED STATES. By Catheryn Seckler-Hund- statelessness of adults resulting from conditions son, Ph.D. (Washington: Digest Press, American other than marriage. The field of consideration University Graduate School, 1934, pp. XXI. 332, seems to divide itself into sixteen separate groups $3.00. Reviewed by John J. Scanlon, Technical which are analyzed to show the range of stateless¬ Adviser and Assistant Chief, Passport Division.) ness in each. The analysis shows a total of some thirty-five conditions productive of statelessness Dr. Seckler-Hudson, who is Associate Professor are found within the sixteen groups. Of particu¬ and Head of the Department of Government of the lar interest are the discussions in this chapter of American University Graduate School, has made a practical statelessness resulting from prolonged 266 THE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL residence in foreign countries of both native and naturalized American citizens; inability to over¬ AN AMERICAN INSTITUTION come the presumption of having ceased to be an American citizen arising under the Act of March IN FOREIGN SERVICE 2, 1907, and the taking of an oath of allegiance to a foreign state when it does not result in acquir¬ Providing Rapid, Depend¬ ing the nationality of that state. able Transport for Passen¬ In Chapter IV consideration is given to the gers, Express, and Mail cases of statelessness of minors. This chapter is Under Contract to the United States and Foreign Govern¬ exceedingly interesting because of the unfortunate ments, Between North positions in which minors often find themselves America and 32 Countries as a result of the commission or omission of some and Colonies of the West¬ act on the part of their parents. Of particular in¬ ern Hemisphere. terest and importance is the discussion regarding native born American children and foreign born legitimate children of American parents. The dis¬ cussion of foreign born children of parents whose naturalization is revoked by judicial action and of children against whom or against whose par¬ ents a presumption of expatriation has arisen will likewise be found of interest. Chapter V concerns consequences of stateless¬ ness to individuals and to States. As the author aptly says, “Statelessness, at best, creates an un¬ happy lot for the individual, a vexatious problem /iittEKrc/iK for the nation, and an undesirable phenomenon yP AtBLWiTYS SYSTEM in modern civilization, where every person has EXECUTIVE OFFICES J. T. TRIPPE 135 East 42nd Street EVAN E. YOUNG a right to expect the privileges and perform the President NEW YORK CITY Vice Pres, in Chorge Foreign Dept duties incident to full citizenship status.” In Chapter VI the author discusses solutions for statelessness through a universal agreement and solutions through unilateral municipal ac¬ our SHOPPING... tion. The solutions suggested are worthy of con¬ Q/< sideration. One, however, cannot fail to recall We know all the Nc wYork shops, their mer¬ the Conferencce for the Codification of Inter¬ chandise^ styles and economical ways to buy. national Law, which was held at The Hague in We will shop with you when inNewYork, or will purchase and ship to you. Members of the Spring of 1930 and which failed to agree the Foreisn Service are finding our shopping upon any common basis of nationality. bureau convenient. Send for our literature. The volume indicates that Dr. Seckler-Hudson has undoubtedly exhausted all the available (vtonsZ MRS. LEWIS MIDDLETON sources of information upon the subject so far 7 = 1683 366Fifth Avenue, NewYork,N.y. as it relates to the United States. Much of the data has been obtained from official sources. The volume contains copious notes, lengthy pertinent appendices, and carefully prepared bibliographi¬ cal lists. The experience of the reviewer over a FORTWENTY-EICHTYEARS number of years in dealing with the multiform, we have photographed the majority of our questions relating to the subject of nationality diplomatic and consular officers, and can supply warrants him, he believes, in making the state¬ photographs of practically every “National ment that this volume should be of much assis¬ Notable.” tance to students of nationality and especially to When in Washington, let us add members of the American Foreign Service who your negative to our collection. are daily called upon to deal with the complex problem of nationality and the baffling problem HARRIS & EWING of the lack of nationality. 1313 F STREET N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. JOHN J. SCANLON, Phone National 8700 Assistant Chief, Passport Division. 267 NEWS FROM THE Minister of Greece and Mme. Simopoulos, the DEPARTMENT Assistant Secretary of State and Mrs. Wilbur J. (Continued from page 2421 Carr, Mr. and Mrs. Leland Harrison, Mr. and Mrs. Jay Pierrepont Moffat, Mr. and Mrs. Vinton The Secretary of State recently commended the Chapin, Mr. James C. Dunn and Mr. U. Grant American Ambassador to Turkey, Mr. Robert P. Smith. Skinner, and his staff, for their loyal and untiring cooperation and expressed gratification at the The monthly luncheon of the Women of the Amer¬ success which has attended their efforts to obtain ican Foreign Service on April 11 was honored by the extradition of Mr. Insull. the presence of Mrs. Roosevelt. The luncheon was held at the Parrot Tea Room Cafe, 1701 20th Street, Remembering Minister Charles C. Hart’s de¬ N. W., and was attended by a large number of ladies. lightful little article in the JOURNAL for De¬ Mrs. William Phillips, wfife of the Under Secretary cember, 1931, entitled, “Keeping Fit in Te¬ of State, acted as hostess, and among those present heran,’ which article and the advice contained were Mrs. Wilbur J. Carr, wife of the Assistant in it received notice in a number of British Secretary of State, and Mrs. William R. Castle, newspapers, it is of interest to note the follow¬ wife of the former Under Secretary of State. Mrs. ing statement made recently by the Honorable Roosevelt, in a brief address, gave an interesting Harry F. Payer, former Assistant Secretary of account of her recent visit to Puerto Rico and the State and now Special Counsel on Foreign and Virgin Islands. Mrs. Earl L. Packer was chairman Export Matters, Reconstruction Finance Corpo¬ of the committee, assisted by Mrs. Walton C. Fer¬ ration : “Most men take too much exercise. I am not one who ris, Mrs. Lowell C. Pinkerton, Mrs. Stuart E. Grum- believes in belaboring a golf club or a tennis racket. mon, and Mrs. C. Paul Fletcher. The next luncheon, With big things popping every minute in the New Deal, and the last one for the season, will be held on I am too busy. Instead, I bought myself a vibrator. May 9. And with it, I can accomplish in 30 minutes what most men do in half a day.” The Department of State Club will meet on the evening of May 5 in honor of the Secretary and The officers of the Division of Western European Mrs. Hull. Prior to the reception, the noted Affairs held a luncheon last week at the Cosmos baritone, Mr. Reinald Werrenrath, wfill be heard Club in honor of Mr. Theodore J. Marriner, Coun¬ in an interesting group of songs. Dancing will sellor of the Embassy at Paris and former chief of follow the reception. Reserve the date: May 5, the Division. Consul Robert D. Murphy, assigned 9 p. m., Ball Room, United States Chamber of to the Consulate General at Paris, was also a guest. Commerce. Two desks in the Division of Western European Affairs have recently been filled. Consul John H. The Washington Star, in a recent issue, and Morgan came from the Consulate General at Ber¬ under the caption of “Fifty Years Ago,” quoted a lin, where he had for some time been in charge of letter received (1884) complaining of the reckless the Commercial office. Mr. Hugh G. Grant comes driving in the streets of Washington. The com¬ to the Division from long experience on Capitol plainant stated that the numerous hacks, herdics Hill, where he had for over six years served as sec¬ and hansoms were “shooting through the streets retary to Senator Hugo L. Black, of Alabama. Be¬ like so many rockets, and woe to the unfortunate fore coming to Washington with Senator Black, Mr. pedestrian who ventures to cross their course,” Grant had been professor of Political Science at and he added that “this usurpation of the streets Alabama Polytechnic Institute. He is a graduate by the carriage people is in direct violation of (A.B.) of Harvard University and (A.M.) of the law, which, in all cases tested in the courts, George Washington University. His home is in gives the right of way to pedestrians.” It is un¬ Birmingham. derstood that at that time the police regulations of the District limited the speed of vehicles to six Herschel V. Johnson, until recently chief of the miles an hour between intersections and to four Division of Mexican Affairs, Department of State, miles an hour at intersections. An informant also left on April 8 for his new post as first secre¬ states that at one time President Grant was ar¬ tary of the American Embassy at London. On rested by a colored policeman for speeding, and April 5 a farewell dinner was given in his honor there was a court decision in regard to another by Frederick Hibbard at the 1925 F Street Club, case which provided that reckless driving consti¬ in Washington. Among the guests present were tuted an act of moral turpitude and the offender the British Ambassador and Lady Lindsay, the was subject to a jury trial! 268 On the Course of Events

By HENRY L. DEIMEL, JR., Department of State

STATEMENT issued at which he stated to be shared by the industry. the White House on March The announcement further stated that the govern¬ 25 announced the success¬ ment itself “favors no particular union or particu¬ ful conclusion of the media¬ lar form of employe organization or representa¬ tion between representa¬ tion,” its only duty being “to secure absolute and tives of management and uninfluenced freedom of choice without coercion, of labor in the automobile restraint or intimidation from any source,” while industry, in which the on the other hand President himself had “The industry understands that in reduction or increases taken an active part. In¬ of force, such human relationships as married men with asmuch as the further development of industrial families shall come first and then seniority, individual skill and efficient service. After these factors have been con¬ relations in the United States seems destined to sidered no greater proportion of outside union employes play a vital part in our social experience over the similarly situated shall be laid off than of other employes.” next few years, the basis on which the threatened strike was averted deserves some detailed attention. Dr. Leo Wolrnan of Columbia University, chair¬ Defining the much disputed labor clause (Section man of the Labor Advisory Board of the NRA and 7a) of the Industrial Recovery Act as meaning that a member of the National Labor Board, was ap¬ pointed neutral member of the special board which “(a) Employes have the right to organize in a group or has been proceeding to adjust outstanding disputes groups; (bl when such group or groups are organized they can choose representatives by free choice, and such repre¬ in the industry with a mixed measure of success so sentatives must be received collectively and thereby seek to far. The settlement itself appears to be typical of straighten out disputes and improve conditions of employ¬ New Deal compositions, in that it has averted im¬ ment. (c) Discrimination against employes because of mediate conflict by means of a compromise in gen¬ their labor affiliations or for any other unfair or unjust eral terms on all vital points of dispute, from the reason is barred.” company union to the closed shop, the exact sig¬ the statement proceeds to announce that in apply¬ nificance of which may be expected to develop in ing this definition to the automobile industry it is the course of its detailed application in a manner established that the employers will bargain collec¬ which will probably fit more suitably into the un¬ tively “with the freely chosen representatives of folding national scene of which it will form a groups” without discrimination in any way on ac¬ part than would be likely in the case of any elab¬ count of union labor affiliation, and if the employes orate arrangement worked out in detailed, dogmatic organize themselves into more than one group and doctrinaire fashion. “each bargaining committee shall have total mem¬ During the negotiations leading to this settlement bership pro-rata to the number of men each mem¬ the President was called upon to, and did success¬ ber represents.” A special board consisting of a fully request the deferment, pending investigation representative of labor, a representative of indus¬ by an impartial board to be appointed by him, of try, and a neutral is set up to make final and bind¬ a strike of longshoremen on the Pacific Coast which ing decisions on all questions of representation, would have tied up all shipping on the coast. Mean¬ discharge and dismissal, for which purpose while negotiations were proceeding be¬ it is to have access “to all payrolls and tween operators and miners in the bi¬ to all lists of claimed employe representa¬ tuminous coal industry of the Appalachian tion” (points which have been the center of region for a new agreement to replace controversy in recent industrial disputes). the one expiring on April first. An agree¬ Terming this arrangement “a new course in ment reached on March 30 instituting a social engineering in the United States,” the seven-hour day, thirty-five hour week and President expressed the hope “that this sys¬ an increase in the daily basic wage from tem may develop into a kind of works $4.60 to $5.00 was made uniformly ap¬ council in industry in which all groups of em¬ plicable to the entire industry as a part of the ployes, whatever may be their choice of organiza¬ Coal Code on April 1, the thirty-sixth anniversary tion or form of representation, may participate in of the establishment of the eight-hour day in bitu¬ joint conferences with their employers,” an aim minous coal mining. The general application of 269 this agreement under the powers of the Recovery by Congress over the President’s veto at the end of Act has been attended by some initial confusion and March—an action promptly followed by passage controversy in some fields, particularly with re¬ by a heavy majority in the House of Representa¬ spect to the question of wage differentials for the tives of the bill to empower the President to nego¬ Southern regions. tiate reciprocal tariff arrangements. The efforts to settle the railway pay question have Against the wage increases must, however, be set not met equal success. In a statement dated March the posting of increased steel prices for the second 30 the Coordinator of Railroads, Mr. Joseph B. quarter of 1934, followed by the announcement of Eastman, to whom the issue had been referred for price increases for a number of makes of automo¬ mediation with a view to obtaining agreement upon biles: the automobile industry has been the chief the President’s compromise proposal of a contin¬ factor in the sustained level in steel mill activity uance of the status quo to the end of the year with at around 45 per cent of capacity. These increases provision for the NRA minimum rates of pay, de¬ followed the publication of the Federal Trade Com¬ clared that while the existing differences of opinion mission’s report, in response to a Senate resolution, were not irreconcilable, he could not compose them concerning operations in the steel industry under “as long as there is possibility of appeal to higher the NRA code. According to a press summary of authority.” The issue accordingly awaits the re¬ the report, the Commission found turn of the President from southern waters, inas¬ “that domination of policies in the steel industry under much as it is not critical either from the point of the code had been placed in control of the major units; time or of procedure, for which there is ample pro¬ that sharp price increases and price fixing had followed, vision under the Railway Labor Act. and that the industry was seeking to find in the code le¬ A number of voluntary increases in wage rates gality for practices which the commission had outlawed as have recently been announced, including a general opposed to the maintenance of fair competition,” ten per cent increase at the steel plants and a similar notably the basing-point system of prices against increase by the General Electric Company, follow¬ which the Commission had issued an order in the ing the example previously set in the automobile in¬ famous “Pittsbuigh plus” case in 1924, and the dustry but without reduction in the average working “open-price” method of announcing quotations in week as announced in the latter. The partial res¬ advance with a ten-day waiting period. On March toration of Federal Government salaries and vet¬ 28 the Secretary of Commerce announced that price erans’ compensation also calls for mention, passed changes and policies and their effect on the recov-

STAFF OF AMERICAN CONSULATE, VALETTA, MALTA Left to right: Clerk Robert Engerer, Consul Mason Turner, Messenger Joseph Fabri, Vice Consul Coke S. Rice, and Clerk Anthony Zammit. This photograph was taken on the 20th anniversary of the entry into the service of Messenger Joseph Fabri, and it is interesting to note that Mr. Fabri'.- father served as a messenger in the Consulate for forty years before his son succeeded him in the same position. 270 BRITISH ISLES FRANCE

PARK LANE HOTEL Restaurant Brasserie de Strasbourg Piccadilly, London, W. 1. Cuisine de tout premier ordre Bar Americain 11 place de la Bourse 11 FACING GREEN PARK AND BUCKINGHAM PALACE All rooms with telephone and private bath. Single from EMBASSY 14/6; Double from 25/—. Garage. Central heating. Pat¬ ronized by U. S. Government officers. DINERS DANSANTS :: ATTRACTIONS 'Grams: Keighbrace, Audley, London. 54 RUE VACON - MARSEILLES

• CUBA • HUNGARY

B DUNAPALOTA BACARDI U HOTELS- A H U N CAR 1 A QUALITY SINCE 1862 P E UNDER ONE MANAGEMENT SANTIAGO DE CUBA S T ON THE CORSO FACING THE DANUBE

• FRANCE • ITALY HOTEL CONTINENTAL Hotel Palace-Ambassadeurs, Rome (OPPOSITE THE AMERICAN EMBASSY) Dominating Tuileries Gardens ( Special Reduced Rates for Diplomats ) This hotel is unrivalled for its Palatial Beauty, located in 3 RUE CASTIGLIONE, PARIS the exclusive section of Rome, and near the Pincio Gardens. RENOWNED FOR ITS FINE CUISINE Reductions are accorded to Officers of the RESTAURANT :: AMERICAN BAR :: GRILL ROOM American Foreign Service. C. F. ROTA—Gen. Manager

• MEXICO Hotel de France et Choiseul THE R I T Z 239-241 RUE ST. HONORE, PARIS MEXICO CITY’S NEWEST, Near Place Vendome-Opera-Champs Elysees MOST MODERN Every Comfort Large Interior Garden AND SMARTEST HOTEL Tel. address: Francheul, Paris. Demellette, Prop. LUCAS DE PALACIO, Managing Director

IIIIIIIIC»IMIlllllllC3llilllllllllE]llllllllllilC]|IIIIIIIIIIIC]llilllllllllC]IIIIIIIIIIIIElllllllllllllC3llllllllllll[]lliailllllC]IIIIIIIIIIIIEllMlllllllllEllHlllllllltC]lllllllllllir3lllillIllllltlllllllllllli[]llllllllllllCll!llllllllllC]lllli 271 ery program were to be studied by a Cabinet com¬ be reestablished on a new economic basis. Com¬ mittee composed of the Attorney General and the mitments are also being made out of federal relief Secretaries of Agriculture, Commerce and Labor. funds for emergency unemployment relief to teach¬ More recently the National Emergency Council an¬ ers, for the purpose of keeping schools open in nounced the prospective organization under it of rural areas. a consumers’ board affiliated with the Consumers’ The Federal Reserve Board’s indices of business Advisory Board of the NRA and the Consumers’ activity for February, 1934, show' an encouraging Council of the AAA with a viewr to the experi¬ continuance of the increase in activity since Novem¬ mental formation of 112 local consumers’ coun¬ ber, particularly in an upw ard movement in factory cils to be charged with analyzing the effect of employment and payrolls. February data, with price changes on consumers and the reaction on January’s in parentheses, for the indices quoted in business, and subsequently perhaps with the direct previous reviews show: production of manufactures handling of price complaints. (77) 79; factory employment (72) 75; factory pay¬ Looking toward the more effective enforcement rolls (53) 59; department store sales (69) 70; of the codes of fair competition, there have ap¬ construction contracts awrarded (49) 45. The peared: (1) on March 14 an executive order re¬ American Federation of Labor’s estimate of un¬ quiring bidders on government contracts not merely employment at the end of February was slightly to comply with their codes, as provided by an order belowr 11.4 millions (including the 3.5 millions of August 10, but to file a certificate writh their bids employed in the CWA, PWA and CCC as “unem¬ stating that they are complying and will continue ployed”), indicating a reemployment of more than to comply with whatever codes of fair competition 300,000 during the month, contrary to the February are applicable to them, the same requirement being trend since 1929. This reemployment was found in exacted of subcontractors and contracts let out for the heavy industries—building and metal trades, projects to which the Federal Government contrib¬ building material industries, and the railroads—as utes financial assistance by loan or grant; (2) a well as in the consumer industries. subsequent decision by the Controller General up¬ Emergency expenditures by the Federal Govern¬ holding this requirement over other requirements ment had at the end of March not yet begun to governing the award of contracts to “the lowest catch up on the estimates of the budget message: bidder”; and (3) reorganization of the. complex they totalled 450 million dollars in March as National Recovery Administration. against 447 in February and 808 in January. For At the close of March the CWA was terminated the first quarter ordinary expenditures totalled after having spent about one billion dollars since 521 millions or close to one-half of the 1,155 the middle of November, eighty per cent from Fed¬ millions projected in the budget message for the eral funds and the remainder from local sources, first six months of 1934, but the total of 1,705 seventy-five per cent for wages and twenty-five per millions for emergency expenditures in the first cent for materials, in the employment, at the peak, three months of 1934 is just about one quarter of four million of the unemployed. CWA payrolls of the 6,792 millions projected for the six-month had already been cut down to about two million period. Of course the heavier rate of emergency workers, who were transferred to the new Emer¬ expenditure may be deferred until after the end of gency Works Administration. The latter differs the current fiscal year. from the CWA mainly in that it will be adminis¬ In consequence of this rate of emergency expen¬ tered largely by local authorities, which will give diture, the Treasury’s cash balance has remained at work on the basis of need, (a person in need being the high level of more than two billions in addition defined as “a person with no other resources, with to the increment from devaluation of the dollar, no member of his family having a job, and who, while the public debt rose during March only from unless he gets a job, can’t pay his rent or buy 26,052 to 26,158 millions. The latest major Trea¬ food”). Federal expenditures on the new EWA, for sury offering involves no new borrowing: it consists which 600 millions of dollars remain available, are of an offer made early in April to exchange new expected to average twenty millions a week com¬ 31/4 per cent twelve year bonds for about one quar¬ pared with the CWA average of fifty millions. The ter of a billion dollars in three per cent notes ma¬ EWA is one of the three phases of the new emergen¬ turing on May 2 and for the billion dollars remain¬ cy relief system now in process of organization, and ing unconverted of the 4(4 Fourth Liberty Bonds relates essentially to urban relief; the other phases called for conversion on October 15 as of April 15, relate to relief in non-urban areas and to encourag¬ 1934, in the sum of 1,875 millions. Only 872 mil¬ ing the migration of the destitute from areas—such lions of these were presented last October in re¬ as worn-out mining districts—where there is no sponse to the offer then made of new twelve year prospect of reemployment to areas where they may bonds carrying 4)4 for one year and 3)4 thereafter. 272 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

3 V GRACE cutta ! SAM fRA

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273 BUDAPEST AND EDINBURGH SMunson Luxury Service to Budapest has been classified (I think by Bae- decker) as the fourth most beautiful city of Eu¬ SOUTH AMERICA rope. Whether Edinburgh is included in the four I do not know but if not it merits consideration. fortnightly Sailings To a remarkable degree the two have many on Saturdays points in common which afford a basis for com¬ parison. The hills of Buda, crowned by the old Sail to and from South Palace of the Hapsburgs, overlook the Danube America on the largest river and modern Pest which lies beyond. Edin¬ and fastest ships in this burgh Castle, standing in towering dignity on the service, the luxurious top of a steep crag, overlooks a broad canyon and 21,000 ton S. S. Pan the new Edinburgh with its spacious, clean streets. America, S. S. Western 21fi00 ton S'S' Pan America World, S. S. American Legion, S. S. Southern Through this canyon run railway traffic but it Cross; all airy outside rooms, gay shipboard life, is screened by trees, shrubbery and flowers so that, excellent cuisine and service. Calling at Rio de but for the occasional clouds of steam, one would Janeiro, Santos, Montevideo and Buenos Aires. never suspect the railroad yards. Budapest, al¬ Attractive arrangements for stopovers and sight¬ though great care has been taken to beautify the seeing at all ports. banks of the river, cannot hide the ugly barges with their unromantic freight and the unsightly For further information consult your travel agent or disorder that characterizes the handling of mer¬ MUNSON STEAMSHIP LINES chandise at a terminal. On the other hand, the graceful spans of several suspension bridges give 67 Wall Street, New York, N. Y. an esthetic value that is denied Edinburgh. Both have charms that well repay the visitor. Both have had the good taste to mitigate the un¬ sightliness inseparable from the requirements of modern commerce. Hotel Martinique One of the most attractive restaurants I have FIVE BLOCKS FROM THE WHITE HOUSE ever seen is the Wedgewood Room of the P. C. T. Theatre in Edinburgh. Those who love the chaste, SIXTEENTH STREET AT M almost too perfect grace of the wedgewood designs WASHINGTON, D. C. will find here, where they ornament each wall panel and pillar in tasteful profusion, a blue and white garden of delight. But nowhere else, perhaps, may one enjoy—if one cares for that kind of music—such perfection An Hotel of of melancholy gypsy art as is to be heard in the Spolarich Kavehaz in Budapest—nor so cheap. Distinction THOMAS D. BOWMAN.

9 IN LIGHTER VEIN SPECIAL RATES A man who believed he knew all about parrots To ACTIVE AND RETIRED FOREIGN SERVICE undertook to teach what he thought to he a young OFFICERS AND THEIR FAMILIES mute bird to say “Hello!” in one lesson. Going up to the cage he repeated that word in a clear 9 voice for several minutes, the parrot paying not the slightest attention. At the final “Hello” the Write for Booklet bird opened one eye, gazed at the man, and L. R. HAWKINS, Manage, snapped out “Line’s busy!”—Christian Science Monitor. 274 TEN YEARS AGO (From issue of May, 1924) The issue of May, 1924, consisted of 32 pages, SPEEDING the exactly one-half the number of pages of the pres¬ ent issue. World’s Business The opening article by Frank P. S. Glassey, Vice Consul at Helsingfors (who resigned January 9, 1929), was entitled “A Contrast in Light and Shade,” and described the winters “silent and sub¬ dued, white and ghost-like, austere and forbidding, yet with its moments of relaxation,” and then the summers when “sports flourish and thrive,” and an almost endlessly bright sky makes possible a wor¬ ship of nature.

Consul James B. Stewart sent from the files of the Consulate at Tampico a copy of a letter from P. T. Barnum, at Bridgeport, Conn., dated August 9, 1882, saying that he desired consular assistance in forming a collection of “all the uncivilized races in existence,” as he proposed “to add this ‘Congress of Nations’ to the other attractions of our Great Show without extra charge.” Consul Lucien Memminger gave a brief but in¬ EVERYWHERE ... on all sides . . . you hear teresting history of the Bordeaux Consulate, which had at that date just moved into new quarters, 27 it. The battle cry of RECOVERY. The clarion Cours du Paves des Chartrons. call of the new era. The prayer of all people . . . of all countries. And the slogan of Under¬ “Cooperation in Preparation of Reports” gave the full text of the Executive Order of April 4, wood Elliott Fisher for years . . . “Speed the 1924, and the instruction issued thereunder pre¬ World’s business.” scribing a definite plan for giving due credit in all cases where the material supplied by one offi¬ Underwood Elliott Fisher “Speeds the World’s cer is utilized by another. Business” by giving wings to the thoughts, the “A Trip to a Galician Round-Up,” by Henry T. words, the figures that are essential parts of busi¬ Wilcox, at Vigo, Spain, described the annual round¬ up of the wild, hardy ponies which roam the bar¬ ness. Through Underwood Typewriters. Through ren mountains of the Spanish coast to the north Underwood Elliott Fisher Accounting Machines. of the Portuguese frontier. Through Underwood Sundstrand Adding-Figuring The gem-cutting and cheap jewelry industry at Machines. Through the supplies that are part of Idar-Obersheim was the subject of an article by Francis J. Dyer, of Coblenz. The twin cities are them. quite modern in appearance despite the fact that the basic industry was established in the Middle Underwood Elliott Fisher not only sells office Ages. Today, however, the most improved ap¬ machines . . . Underwood Elliott Fisher services pliances are in use, and electricity is the motive them for life! power. Here are manufactured synthetic stones so closely resembling the real thing that sometimes an expert finds it difficult to distinguish between them. TYPEWRITER DIVISION “Like Shifting Sands” was the title of an article UNDERWOOD ELLIOTT FISHER COMPANY reprinted from the Times Picayune of New Or¬ Homer Building, 601 13th Street N. W. leans. It said that it was impossible to read a list Washington, D. C. of consular changes without one’s imagination being SALES AND SERVICE EVERYWHERE thrilled over the intriguing places to which officers were being sent, the weird shifts that were made, and the juggling of men from tropics to arctics, The UNDERWOOD from wilderness to metropolis, from savage lands to civilization, and back again. “Yes,” it said, “it’s STANDARD .... Model No. 6 the life!”

273 A Skeleton

By A. NONYMOUSE, Srdpepatam, India

IT all happened on a bund. A bund? Yes, of course, is the snake’s fault, or the god’s fault, a bund is a narrow ridge separating the as the case may be. paddy fields. As long as paddy has been grown But, as I was remarking, it all happened on a there have been bunds. At least, I suppose bund. Today I was walking on a bund, and that this is so, since paddy cannot be grown without is why it all happened. My friend, Buggins by water, abundant water, and abundant water will name, is fond of snipe shooting; in fact, during not remain on the land without bunds. A bund the appropriate season of the year he is crazy is therefore a very ancient thing. about it. During this period it is meat and Though bunds were not exactly intended to be drink to him. Nothing else matters but the walked upon, this is what people have been birds. That is why I say he is crazy about doing for hundreds of it. I think he is very years, possibly thou¬ foolish, because I have sands of years. Thus a gentle nature, and I bunds serve a double do not like to harm purpose: to hold water harmless creatures, in the paddy fields, and Snipe do me no in¬ to be walked upon. jury, so why should I Bunds are especially do them an injury? useful to snipe hunters God in His great wis¬ —pardon, snipe shoot¬ dom decreed that all ers. Why? Because living things should be snipe shooters can walk supplied with food, along the tops of the for which, as a man, I bunds while the beat¬ am grateful. Yet He, ers walk through the in His manifold good¬ mud. But I am one of ness, did not decree those who walk some¬ that men should prey times on the bund, upon His own harm¬ sometimes in the mud. less creatures, at least One must be skilled to not upon snipe. I have walk always on the tried to impress this bund. One must have upon my friend Bug- a keen sense of balance, gins, but he only says must one. that I should not think There are snakes in about it. If I thought the paddy. So also are about it it might upset there snakes on the me. He thinks it is bunds. Cobras, espe¬ wrong for people to cially, like the bunds. It is drier there. That is upset themselves. I am inclined to agree with him. why snipe shooters like the bunds. Snipe shoot¬ If I had not said I would go snipe shooting ers do not like cobras; nobody does, unless it is with him today when he said “How about some the Hindus. They say the Hindus look upon a snipe shooting this afternoon, Old Bean, ’ it could cobra as a god and will not harm one in any not have happened. Not on a bund at any rate. way; in fact, they say that the Hindus are very As is well known, snipe shooting requires kind to cobras, that is, as kind as is compatible great skill. Whether one holds a bag or uses with their respective natures. The Hindus are a gun it is all the same, great skill is required. favorably disposed, because one must be kind to One must be constantlv on the alert, the gun a god. but I understand that it is not always pos¬ (we hunt with guns in India, not bags) held just sible for the two to coexist in harmony. This so, the feet must tread softly but firmly, and the 276 NATIONAL PIPE America's Standard Wrought Pipe

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277 mind must be concentrated on the task at hand. I die here and now, so young in years and When the beaters yell “mark” or “Sahib” or full of hope and dreams? A tragedy! Dust to something else and the flutter of wings is heard dust, how disgusting to end life so, just so, at so the eyes, the mind, the arms, the forefinger, the tender an age. My wife and children—their body and the legs must be synchronized just so, dear hearts filled so suddenly with sorrow, grief that is, quickly and accurately and gracefully, unspeakable. Who will provide for them? then the trigger yields to pressure—and down No, never, not another man! My wife loves me comes the bird. This is so only if the directions and me alone. She will die heartbroken, and so have been followed. I mean the directions of will the dear children. Better that way than the the bird. other. But she will first see me to my grave. She It was while I was engaged in these manifold will put a flower on me and will weep, yes, grief though simultaneous operations that it happened. unspeakable. The children, each will drop a As I shot at the bird I stubbed my big toe. tear on their dear papa. Then the coffin will be Instantly there was a sharp pain, like the prick of closed softly—Away, Oh mortal man; arise, Oh a needle. Instantly I was in the air. Before com¬ immortal Soul! Dust to dust, how disgust - - ing down, my mind wandered to cobras. I shud¬ At this moment my feet touched earth (it was dered and thought: Am I, at last, bitten? Must really mud) again. I rose to full height—

INDEX SHEETS FOR CONSULAR REGULATIONS We again take pleasure in announcing a de¬ for Immigration and Quarantine, with distinc¬ velopment which it is believed will meet with tive colors also for shipping and seamen sub¬ a hearty welcome. An officer in the Department jects, Estates, Citizenship, Trade Promotion and (Consul Edmund B. Montgomery) has designed Protection, and Documentation of Merchandise. a set of index sheets for insei'tion in the Con¬ Unfortunately, the Department has insufficient sular Regulations in the same way as other funds to provide these sets, but considering that pages. These sets, prepared on light hut durable one Consul General who examined the sample linen paper, contain the following special asserted that he would speak for ten sets at features: $2.00 per set, and that another Consul General On one side (1) a projection tab giving num¬ said that he was sure that each officer within ber and subject of each article and (2) outline his supervisory jurisdiction, embracing about of each article by sections, and on the reverse fifty-five officers, would want a set, and that side of the tabs the section numbers of each all who have seen the sample have indicated article, such as, 307 to 320. their interest, it has been decided to permit offi¬ Embodied in the set is a helpful color ar¬ cers in the field to express their wishes by fill¬ rangement of six different colors in addition to ing in and returning the order blank given be¬ the natural color of the paper, such as yellow low, indicating how many sets they would wish, so that an order may be placed for a sufficient number. The cost would depend on the aggre¬ ORDER BLANK gate number ordered, in accordance with the FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, following table, from which it will be seen that Room 115, the range would be from 40c to 65c per set for Department of State. the best quality: Please send me postpaid sets Number of sets Cost per set of index sheets for the Consular Regulations, 300 65c for which I will pay not more than 65c per 500 57c set when informed of the cost, which I un¬ 1,000 51c derstand may be as low as 40c per set. 1,500 40c Name If orders are placed for each personal and Post office copy of the Regulations, the cost would be but 40c per set, so fill in and send the cou¬ pon now if you are interested.

278 JHE /^MERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

after looking carefully at the ground—and AN AFRICAN SAFARI: shouted, with the gun in one hand and the other HUNTING RHINOCEROS raised to the blue skies: “No, by the hairy face of Jepthah, I am a man! I will not die, not yet (Continued from page 235) at any rate. I am young, my wife is beautiful. Although lions and leopards are a menace to Live I must! No other man shall provide for livestock in some sections of East Africa, in com¬ her. No, Sir, not yet at any rate.” mon opinion buffaloes are more dangerous to man I then looked down at my toe. There was a and they have killed two white hunters in recent hole in my shoe, so I could see it plainly. It months. The man who hunts dangerous game with was sticking through the mud. I thought I camera also takes chances, as evidenced by the could see a slight touch of blood on it. My following, from the East African Standard of friend Buggins was now at my side. Frantically January 6, 1934: “Capt. Crookshank was able to he inquired the cause of this courageous demon¬ get several good photos. Unfortunately, he was stration. not content with these, and approached so close “See that toe,” exclaimed I. “That toe has to the herd that one elephant winded him, and been bitten by a cobra. Give me a knife— charged, and, catching him with its trunk, flung or will you suck it?” him to the ground with such violence that he was Buggins said he would give me a knife. killed instantaneously. It all happened so quickly During his frenzied efforts to find his knife that his two companions, though armed, could do Buggins espied something on the bund. Instantly nothing to prevent the tragedy.” he was calmed. A serene look came over his face. “Ah, young man,” said he, “you are saved— saved. Look at that, look at that, will you! When all think alike, no one thinks very much. Thank God for His bountiful mercies.” WALTER LIPPMANN. I looked. All I saw was a long, bleached skeleton of a snake. Nothing is particularly hard if you divide it into small That was all that happened. jobs.—HENRY FORD.

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279 VISITING OFFICERS Charles L. DeVault, from Yokohama; in Washington until April 9; sailing for The following officers called at the De¬ Paris, April 11 4 partment on leave or en route to their posts Orlando H. Massie, from Halifax, N. S. Sailing from New York for Halifax, during the past month, their names being April 6 5 taken from the Register in Room 115, De¬ Norris B. Chipman, front Riga, Latvia; de¬ partment of State: tailed to the Department DATE OF REGISTRATION Benjamin Muse, from Montevideo; re¬ March signed from the Service. Permanent ad¬ James W. Gantenbein, from Santo Do¬ dress, “Dunedin,” Petersburg, Va 7 mingo, on leave at Tuckahoe, N. Y 17 Frederick W. Baldwin, from Barbados; Benjamin Thaw, Jr., from Oslo, on leave leaving New York, April 14, for Habana 9 at Pittsburgh, Pa. Returning to Oslo William H. Beck, from Ottawa; in Wash¬ April 11 17 ington for two days 10 John M. Cabot, from Rio de Janeiro, on Dayle C. McDonough, from Bombay; has leave at Boston until April 14 17 been on leave and now sailing for post Peter H. A. Flood, from Mexico City, on April 17 11 leave at Arlington, Mass. Sailing from North Winship, from Copenhagen; on leave New York, March 25 19 for 60 at home in Macon, Ga. Return¬ Coert du Bois, from Naples, on leave in ing to Washington early in June 11 Washington; sailing from New York John Cochran Pool, from Buenos Aires; on April 3 21 leave at Middletown, Del 11 Allan Dawson, from Bogota, Colombia, on Sidney E. O’Donoghue, from Berlin; on leave for 60 days 21 leave at Emmitsburg, Md. 12 Honorable Norman Armour, from Port-au- Prince, Haiti; on leave at Princeton_ 21 Lynn W. Franklin, from Amoy, China; on LETTERS leave at Fredericksburg, Va. Sailing for (This column will be devoted each month to the publication, Barcelona, May 9 23 in whole or in part, of letters to the Eddtor from members of the Association on topics of general interest. Such letters ore Marvin A. Derrick (Archive Collator), to be regarded as expressing merely the personal opinion of the from Istanbul; on leave for 60 days at writers and not necessarily the mews of the JOURNAL/, or of the Wewaka, Okla 24 Association.) Leon Dominian, from Stuttgart; on leave in New York 26 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE Sheridan Talbott, from Prague; on leave WASHINGTON, D. C. in Washington, returning to post latter GILBERT GROSVENOR, Editor part of May 26 March 23, 1934. Robert D. Murphy, from Paris; returning Editor, The American Foreign Service Journal, to post about April 20 26 Department of State, George C. Cobb, from St. John’s, Nfd.; Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Ingram: Theodore A. Xanthaky, from Rio de Ja¬ That poem on the “AMCONSUL,” on page 150 of neiro; in Washington until April 14 26 the March number of THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE Garret G. Ackerson. Jr., from Lima, Peru; JOURNAL is as clever a piece of writing as I have seen in in Washington until March 31, sailing a long time. I wish the author had signed his or her for new post at Copenhagen April 11 28 name. It is too good to remain of anonymous author¬ William B. Douglass, Jr., from Malaga; ship. on leave in Washington 28 I also enjoyed in the same number the article “Trans¬ Glenn A. Abbey, from Caracas; in Wash¬ port by Air in the United States.” I find every num¬ ington until April 6-7 30 ber very readable and instructive. Paul C. Hutton, from Bombay; on leave Sincerely yours, in Washington 30 GILBERT GROSVENOR. Iris E. Saunders, from Geneva; on leave at Portland, Oregon, until June 1 .30 F. C. Fornes, Jr., from Sao Paulo, Brazil; COST OF ENTERTAINING REDUCES INCOME TAX on leave for 60 days at Buffalo, N. Y. Consul Edwin Schoenrich, Santiago de Cuba, sent in Donald D. Edgar, from Habana; sailing P the following news item taken from the Habana American for Cuba, April 5 2 News and asks “would the JOURNAL’S tax expert care to George V. Allen, from Shanghai. On leave give an opinion on the status of expenses of entertaining in Durham, N. C. 2 incurred in the Foreign Service?” Gilson G. Blake, from Geneva; on leave New York, April 5. Sidney Blackmer, stage and screen in Baltimore; sailing for Geneva, May 9 3 star, was granted a deduction of $1,687 from the gross John D. Johnson, from Hamilton, Ont. In amount of his income tax return for 1927 because of ex¬ Washington for four days 3 penses incurred in entertaining, he held, was necessary in Samuel W. Honaker, from Glasgow, on order to “promote publicity and his own availability as a leave 4 star.” 280 A CENTER OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

JL HE International Buildings in ROCKEFELLER CENTER are fast becoming the headquarters of inter¬ national business activity in the United States. The British Empire Building and La Maison Francaise—the two buildings already completed—are tenanted exclusively by British and French business interests or the American representatives of compa¬ nies handling the products of these two nations. LA MATSON FRANOAISE IN ROCKEFELLER CENTER

The Rockefeller Center Exhibition Art A stimulus to international trade is provided by the Rockefeller Center Exhibition Act, passed by the 72nd Congress. Under the provisions of this Act, 1. Tenants of the Development may exhibit imported articles for as long as two years without the payment of duty thereon. At the close of the exhibition, articles must he exported, placed in our bonded warehouse or delivered to a previous purchaser—in which latter event, the duty must be paid. 2. Samples of imported articles may he exhibited and orders filled from stocks of similar merchandise in the bonded warehouse. Such stocks oi merchandise are dutiable as withdrawn from the warehouse. 3. During the course of the exhibition articles imported for it may be advertised, photographed, examined and copied, etc. Hiey must, how¬ ever, be exhibited in the condition in which they enter the country.

LET US SEND YOU FULL DETAILS • E shall be pleased to send complete information concerning the exhibition fa¬ cilities at Rockefeller Center to firms in your consular district. Also, upon request, a copy of a new illustrated book, “ROCKE¬ FELLER CENTER,” will be mailed to any Diplomatic or Consular Officer.

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