The DNA Helix, Featured Scientist: Rosalind Franklin

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Rosalind Franklin, Nicole Kidman and Photograph 51

#Bio Rosalind Franklin, Nicole Kidman and Photograph 51 I must admit that when I first heard that Nicole Kidman, in establishing her career there. This and her strained Clare Sansom winner of the Best Actress Oscar for her portrayal of relationship with Wilkins have been well documented in (Birkbeck College, UK) Virginia Woolf in The Hours, was to take the role of the her biographies. Very early in the play, when Franklin had Downloaded from http://portlandpress.com/biochemist/article-pdf/37/6/45/5486/bio037060045.pdf by guest on 27 September 2021 pioneering structural biologist Rosalind Franklin in a West just arrived in London, we see Wilkins informing her that End play, I was slightly sceptical. However accustomed to she could not accompany him to the college dining room portraying brilliant minds, a blonde Australian seemed to because that was for male academics only. This seems be an odd choice for an upper-middle-class Englishwoman outrageous today, but it was a matter of course only two who was culturally, if not religiously, very much a Jew. But generations ago. Franklin’s angry response showed both I couldn’t resist the idea of a play about one of the most deeply held passion and control. Throughout the play, her crucial moments in the history of molecular biology. I polite and understated feminism and (it has to be said) her was lucky enough to acquire tickets for Anna Ziegler’s reserved and somewhat prickly character bring her into Photograph 51 at the Noel Coward Theatre, and I was not conflict with her male counterparts time after time.
Year 11 GCSE History Paper 1 – Medicine Information Booklet

Paper 1 Medicine Key topics 1 and 2 (1250-1500, 1500-1700) Year 11 GCSE History Paper 1 – Medicine Information booklet Medieval Renaissance 1250-1500 1500-1750 Enlightenment Modern 1900-present 1700-1900 Case study: WW1 1 Paper 1 Medicine Key topics 1 and 2 (1250-1500, 1500-1700) Key topic 1.1 – Causes of disease 1250-1500 At this time there were four main ideas to explain why someone might become ill. Religious reasons - The Church was very powerful at this time. People would attend church 2/3 times a week and nuns and monks would care for people if they became ill. The Church told people that the Devil could infect people with disease and the only way to get better was to pray to God. The Church also told people that God could give you a disease to test your faith in him or sometimes send a great plague to punish people for their sins. People had so much belief in the Church no-one questioned the power of the Church and many people had believed this explanation of illness for over 1,000 years. Astrology -After so many people in Britain died during the Black Death (1348-49) people began to look for new ways to explain why they became sick. At this time doctors were called physicians. They would check someone’s urine and judge if you were ill based on its colour. They also believed they could work out why disease you had by looking at where the planets were when you were born.
Physics Today - February 2003

Physics Today - February 2003 Rosalind Franklin and the Double Helix Although she made essential contributions toward elucidating the structure of DNA, Rosalind Franklin is known to many only as seen through the distorting lens of James Watson's book, The Double Helix. by Lynne Osman Elkin - California State University, Hayward In 1962, James Watson, then at Harvard University, and Cambridge University's Francis Crick stood next to Maurice Wilkins from King's College, London, to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their "discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material." Watson and Crick could not have proposed their celebrated structure for DNA as early in 1953 as they did without access to experimental results obtained by King's College scientist Rosalind Franklin. Franklin had died of cancer in 1958 at age 37, and so was ineligible to share the honor. Her conspicuous absence from the awards ceremony--the dramatic culmination of the struggle to determine the structure of DNA--probably contributed to the neglect, for several decades, of Franklin's role in the DNA story. She most likely never knew how significantly her data influenced Watson and Crick's proposal. Franklin was born 25 July 1920 to Muriel Waley Franklin and merchant banker Ellis Franklin, both members of educated and socially conscious Jewish families. They were a close immediate family, prone to lively discussion and vigorous debates at which the politically liberal, logical, and determined Rosalind excelled: She would even argue with her assertive, conservative father. Early in life, Rosalind manifested the creativity and drive characteristic of the Franklin women, and some of the Waley women, who were expected to focus their education, talents, and skills on political, educational, and charitable forms of community service.
She Was a Doctrinaire Leftist at the Time (And Probably Stillis )

phase of one-dimensional "radical femin• phenomenon of maternal feminism (except ism." She was a doctrinaire leftist at in Deborah Gorham's piece) and does not the time (and probably still is). After delineate the class roots of this type warmly praising Women in the Canadian of feminism. Clearly maternal feminism Mosaic, this young woman referred back was dominant in Canada and the U.S. in to the period of our acquaintance around the late nineteenth and early twentieth 1970. "Those were the good old days.1" centuries. That is not the issue. The she exclaimed with an air of nostalgia. issue, in historical terms, is why did And then she added rather wistfully, such a large number of feminists adopt "But things have never been so simple this model in this period? How did s i nee." these women come to adopt a philosophy with strong evangelical and missionary overtones, and with all the negative aspects of fear of the foreigner, race- Linda Kealey A REPLY TO GWEN MATHESON suicide, etc., rather than a philos• It is unfortunate that Gwen Matheson ophy based on equal rights. Why (whom I have not met) takes my critical did they shy away from class strug• review of Women in the Canadian Mosaic gle and opt for "Christian stewardship?" as a personal attack. Her reply is in• The idea of the woman as redeemer of dicative of the low level of critical capitalism fell flat on its face in the thinking in feminist circles (academic period after World War I. Ballots in and non-academic).
Photograph 51, by Rosalind Franklin (1952) [1]

Published on The Embryo Project Encyclopedia (https://embryo.asu.edu) Photograph 51, by Rosalind Franklin (1952) [1] By: Hernandez, Victoria Keywords: X-ray crystallography [2] DNA [3] DNA Helix [4] On 6 May 1952, at King´s College London in London, England, Rosalind Franklin photographed her fifty-first X-ray diffraction pattern of deoxyribosenucleic acid, or DNA. Photograph 51, or Photo 51, revealed information about DNA´s three-dimensional structure by displaying the way a beam of X-rays scattered off a pure fiber of DNA. Franklin took Photo 51 after scientists confirmed that DNA contained genes [5]. Maurice Wilkins, Franklin´s colleague showed James Watson [6] and Francis Crick [7] Photo 51 without Franklin´s knowledge. Watson and Crick used that image to develop their structural model of DNA. In 1962, after Franklin´s death, Watson, Crick, and Wilkins shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine [8] for their findings about DNA. Franklin´s Photo 51 helped scientists learn more about the three-dimensional structure of DNA and enabled scientists to understand DNA´s role in heredity. X-ray crystallography, the technique Franklin used to produce Photo 51 of DNA, is a method scientists use to determine the three-dimensional structure of a crystal. Crystals are solids with regular, repeating units of atoms. Some biological macromolecules, such as DNA, can form fibers suitable for analysis using X-ray crystallography because their solid forms consist of atoms arranged in a regular pattern. Photo 51 used DNA fibers, DNA crystals first produced in the 1970s. To perform an X-ray crystallography, scientists mount a purified fiber or crystal in an X-ray tube.
Science, Between the Lines: Rosalind Franklin Rachael Renzi University of Rhode Island, [email protected]

University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Senior Honors Projects Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island 2017 Science, Between the Lines: Rosalind Franklin Rachael Renzi University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog Part of the Fiction Commons, Molecular Biology Commons, Molecular Genetics Commons, Nonfiction Commons, Structural Biology Commons, and the Technical and Professional Writing Commons Recommended Citation Renzi, Rachael, "Science, Between the Lines: Rosalind Franklin" (2017). Senior Honors Projects. Paper 583. http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/583http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/583 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Scientist, Between the Lines: Rosalind Franklin An Experimental Literary Approach to Understanding Scientific Literature and Lifestyle in Context with Human Tendencies Rachael Renzi Honors Project 2017 Mentors: Catherine Morrison, Ph. D. Dina Proestou, Ph. D. Structure is a common theme in Rosalind Franklin’s research work. Her earliest research focused on the structure of coal, shifted focus to DNA, and then to RNA in the Tobacco Mosaic Virus. Based off of the physical and chemical makeup, Rosalind Franklin sought to understand the function of these molecules, and how they carried out processes such as reproduction or changes in configuration. She was intrigued by the existence of a deliberate order in life, a design that is specific in its purpose, and allows for efficient processes.
Twisting the Night Away Events at the International Centre for Life (14–17 April, Newcastle, UK)

HIGHLIGHTS 50TH ANNIVERSARY inspirational people after their ideas more than three people, so would and dedication made 1953 a water- she have been honoured even had shed year in science? she been alive? Regardless, Franklin Francis Harry Compton Crick, the did become something of a feminist Whatever happened to... man who, at the age of 30, in his own icon after Watson was rather dismis- words “essentially knew nothing”,has sive of her in his bestseller of the late continued to address ‘big’ questions 1960s, The Double Helix. Her last since he and James Watson answered working years produced what one of the biggest. Collaborations Watson describes as “very beautiful with the 2002 Nobel laureate Sydney work” on the structure of tobacco Brenner produced ideas on protein mosaic virus. synthesis and the genetic code. Crick James Dewey Watson has joined the Salk Institute in California retained the high profile that he in 1976, and this has remained his gained after widespread recognition affiliation up to the present, where he followed on the heels of the 1953 has focused on the problem of con- breakthrough. After brief stints sciousness. Most recently, he has been working with Alexander Rich, and considering the neural correlates of Crick again, Watson went on to consciousness: the minimal set of Harvard where he collaborated with neuronal events that give rise to a Walter Gilbert. In 1968, he took over specific aspect of a conscious precept. as Director of Cold Spring Harbor Rosalind Elsie Franklin, often Laboratory, which he revitalized by characterized as the wronged hero- focusing on tumour biology, even- ine of the double helix story, died tually becoming its President in four years before Watson, Crick and 1994.
$Femtosecond X-Ray Diffraction$

Femtosecond X-Ray Diffraction

AMERICAN CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ASSOCIATION Number 2 Summer 2012 Femtosecond X-Ray Diffraction American Crystallographic Association ACA HOME PAGE: www.amercrystalassn.org Table of Contents 2 President’s Column What’s on the Cover 3 News from Canada - page 40 4 ACA Balance Sheet 5 From the Editor’s Desk IUCr Partners with AIP UniPHY Errata 6 News from Argentina Contributors to this Issue / Bruker Awards 8 Puzzle Corner 9-10 Book Reviews 11-20 ACA History The Early Days of the ACA David Sayre (1924 - 2012) 21 AIP Inside Science 22 ACA Corporate Members 23-31 Candidates for ACA Officers and Committees for 2012 32 ACA Trueblood Award to Tom Terwilliger ACA Fankuchen Award to Richard Dickerson 34-35 Carl Branden Award to Helen Berman AIP Andrew Gemant Award to Lisa Randall Golden Mouse Award to Crystallographic iPhone app Awards Available / Travel and Fellowships 36 Scientific Controversies and Crystallography 37 Big Data Initiative 38 ACA 2012 Student Award Winners 39 ACA 2012 Exhibitors and Sponsors / ACA 2013 - Hawaii - Preview 40 Future Meetings / Index of Advertisers What’s on the Cover ACA RefleXions staff: Please address matters pertaining to ads, membeship, or use of Editor: Connie Rajnak [email protected] the ACA mailing list to: Editor: Judith L. Flippen-Anderson [email protected] Marcia J. Colquhoun, Director of Administrative Services Copy Editor: Jane Griffin [email protected] American Crystallographic Association Book Reviews: Joe Ferrara [email protected]
Rosalind Franklin by Caroline Gao

Rosalind Franklin By Caroline Gao Rosalind Franklin, in all senses of the word, was a pioneer. Not only did she play a crucial role in the discovery of DNA’s double helix structure, she also paved the way for future female scientists by being one of the first prominent women in science. Although certain parts of her career remain enshrouded in controversy, it is indisputable that Rosalind Franklin’s work left an indelible impact in the worlds of both science and women’s rights. According to the San Diego Supercomputer Center’s article “Rosalind Franklin: Pioneer Molecular Biologist,” Rosalind was born on July 25, 1920, in London, England, to an affluent Jewish family. Growing up, she demonstrated exceptional abilities in math and science, and by the age of fifteen, she’d resolved to become a scientist. In 1938, she enrolled in Newnham College, Cambridge, and by 1941, she’d graduated from there with a bachelor's degree in physical chemistry. “The Rosalind Franklin Papers” from the U.S. National Library of Medicine state that she subsequently was employed by the British Coal Utilization Research Association (BCURA), where she conducted research that helped her obtain her Ph.D. from Cambridge University in 1945. She also made her first major contribution to science during her four years at BCURA by discovering molecular sieves (minuscule constrictions of the pores in coal). Rosalind moved from Cambridge to Paris in 1946, and from 1947-1950, she worked at the Laboratoire Central des Services Chimiques de L'Etat. During that time, she learned and perfected x-ray crystallography techniques.
David Sayre Between 1956 and 1990, David He Scored His Own Share of Winning Worked for IBM

AIP/ESVA, GALLERY OF MEMBER SOCIETY PRESIDENTS Athletic activity formed a major Dorothy Hodgkin. During that time counterpoint to Phil’s science. His var- David and his wife, Anne, got to know sity basketball at MIT continued into Rosalind Franklin, another young crys- pick-up games at Bell Labs, gradually to tallographer who was working at be replaced by tennis, which he played King’s College London. the rest of his active life. He loved the David wrote some of his seminal outdoors, from winter ski trips to papers during 1951–52. He had discov- mountain hikes to weeklong backpack- ered what is known today as Sayre’s ing trips in western wilderness areas. equation, which was the critical step An avid sports fan, Phil followed his needed in the development of direct favorite teams in baseball, basketball, methods in crystallography. His half- and football. Two days before his death, page 1952 paper in Acta Crystallograph- as he sat enthralled by the final tense ica, “Some implications of a theorem moments of the 2012 Super Bowl, he due to Shannon,” forms the foundation made an unprecedented statement: of diffraction microscopy, also known “This has been such a good game that I as coherent diffraction imaging and don’t even care if the Giants lose!” lensless imaging. Sixty years later it is Metaphorically, that summarized his still frequently cited in the literature. life in physics—he loved the game. And David Sayre Between 1956 and 1990, David he scored his own share of winning worked for IBM. He was part of the touchdowns.
201124 Bio Recap Copy

Biology Recap Borchert, Konak, Dr. Schapranow Data Management for Digital Health Winter 2020 Agenda Pillars of the Lecture Medical Technology Machine Use Cases Foundation Learning Data Biology Recap Data Data Sources Formats ML Oncology Refine Evaluate Biology Recap Processing and Software Prediction + Data Management for Analysis Architectures Probability Digital Health, Winter Infectious 2020 Diseases & Care 2 Agenda Pillars of the Lecture Medical Technology Machine Use Cases Foundation Learning Data Biology Recap Data Data Sources Formats ML Oncology Refine Evaluate Biology Recap Processing and Software Prediction + Data Management for Analysis Architectures Probability Digital Health, Winter Infectious 2020 Diseases & Care 3 Agenda ■ Facts you should know ■ Discovery of □ Cells, □ DNA/RNA structures, □ The human genome ■ Biology recap □ Pro- vs. eukaryotes □ Cell components □ Genetic changes and defects Biology Recap Data Management for Digital Health, Winter 2020 4 A globalcenturies trend startedago: -beings Understandingof human internals Biology Recap Data Management for Digital Health, Winter 2020 5 Tashrih Mansuri, 18th century, displayed in Islamic Museum, Doha, Qatar Humans in Numbers ■ Genome size: 3.2 Gbp ■ Genes: approx. 20k-25k ■ Chromosomes: 22 + XY ■ Mean gene size: 27 kbp Biology Recap Data Management for Digital Health, Winter 2020 6 Approx.1490 by Leonardo da Vinci History of Cells ■ 1665: Robert Hookes published his textbook “Micrographia” ■ Shared the power of microscopic observations ■ Defined term “cell” using the
History of Genetics Book Collection Catalogue

History of Genetics Book Collection Catalogue Below is a list of the History of Genetics Book Collection held at the John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK. For all enquires please contact Mike Ambrose [email protected] +44(0)1603 450630 Collection List Symposium der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Hygiene und Mikrobiologie Stuttgart Gustav Fischer 1978 A69516944 BOOK-HG HG œ.00 15/10/1996 5th international congress on tropical agriculture 28-31 July 1930 Brussels Imprimerie Industrielle et Finangiere 1930 A6645004483 œ.00 30/3/1994 7th International Chromosome Conference Oxford Oxford 1980 A32887511 BOOK-HG HG œ.00 20/2/1991 7th International Chromosome Conference Oxford Oxford 1980 A44688257 BOOK-HG HG œ.00 26/6/1992 17th international agricultural congress 1937 1937 A6646004482 œ.00 30/3/1994 19th century science a selection of original texts 155111165910402 œ14.95 13/2/2001 150 years of the State Nikitsky Botanical Garden bollection of scientific papers. vol.37 Moscow "Kolos" 1964 A41781244 BOOK-HG HG œ.00 15/10/1996 Haldane John Burdon Sanderson 1892-1964 A banned broadcast and other essays London Chatto and Windus 1946 A10697655 BOOK-HG HG œ.00 15/10/1996 Matsuura Hajime A bibliographical monograph on plant genetics (genic analysis) 1900-1929 Sapporo Hokkaido Imperial University 1933 A47059786 BOOK-HG HG œ.00 15/10/1996 Hoppe Alfred John A bibliography of the writings of Samuel Butler (author of "erewhon") and of writings about him with some letters from Samuel Butler to the Rev. F. G. Fleay, now first published London The Bookman's Journal