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JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO/ACOUSTICS/APPLICATIONS VOLUME 40 NUMBER 1/2 1992 JANUARY/FEBRUARY CONTENTS PAPERS Noise Analysis of Transformer-Coupled Preamplifiers W. Marshall Leach, Jr. 3 Minimal preamplifier noise depends on a balance between the transducer resistance ’ innut ansformei parameters, and the noise sources inherent within the amplifying devices The optimizing circuit relationships are derived. Practical amplifiers may prove bet7er off without a transformer than with one. Systems On the Nature of Granulation Noise in Uniform Quantization i Robert C. Maher 12 i ULeWodulattoqs. the quantizing " & ’ ’ * of error that are audibly offensive * ° PERCEVAL: Perceptual Evaluation of the Quality of Audio Signals B. Paillard, P. Mabilleau, S. Morissette, and Joel Soumagne 21 ActommtCrprogram, basedon a model of the inner ear, rates the quality of noise-corrupted in general agreeing with the judgments of human listeners. The goal is an objective test suitablefoi evaluating signal coders. Heat Dissipation and ..Douglas J. Button 32 >'« « high-power driver and ° • •• ; : . s, > I TXX z?:z »« « combm smt- : - compression, * - LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Comments on “An Empirical Model for Loudspeaker Motor Impedance55 Raymond Beljan 42 Author’s Reply J. R. Wright" 43 Comments on “A Low-Cost End-Fire Acoustic Radiator” R J. Fahy and K. R. Holland 43 STANDARDS AND INFORMATION DOCUMENTS AES standard for professional audio equipment—-Application of connectors, part 1, XLR-type polarity and gender 45 AES Standards Committee News 52 FEATURES AES 92nd Convention Preview: AES in Vienna ” , .» « V 3 Calendar ... * * M * v ..... 3* , 60 Exhibit Previews \i. MV .......... .. vv* i . 62 " . if . « » ' Exhibitor List . .... ••• . ..... ‘ 3 * •• •> *« * •• AES 93rd Convention, San Francisco, California: Call for Papers 100 DEPARTMENTS News of the Sections ... 89 3 Membership information M : . .. .. Upcoming Meetings .,..92 in Memoriam •* 399 , Sound Track ;V‘ .93 Sections Contacts Directory AOZ::S- Available Literature 94 AES Conventions and Conferences^ . ...104 \.i . S fi $: i •. IS;?s: ef JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO/ACOUSTICS/APPLICATIONS VOLUME 40 NUMBER 3 1992 MARCH . fs- /As. y Y r; t if' K CONTENTS PAPERS A AES 3-1992: The Revised Two-Channel Digital Audio Interface •» •«'*:*;.* * •*>-VW<* Robert A. Finger 107: Proposed changes,and their rationale,^ detailed for the revision of AES3-1985. TheQftD Diffractal: A New One- or Two-Dimensional Fractal Sound Diffusor ......Peter D’Antonio and John Konnert 117 The geometrical concepts of reflection-phase grating and fractal self -similarity combine in a Wide- band acoustical diffusor.The authors review the diffusor and fractal developments leading to this f ^combination. A Design Method for High-Audio-Quality FM Multiplex Encoders A. J. Oliveira . 130 The usual 38-kHz L-R modulator is replaced with a system that generates periodically weighted samples of the L-R signal. Noise and distortion in the resulting multiplex signals are negligible: ENGINEERING REPORTS A Comparison of Some Loudness Measures for Loudspeaker Listening Tests Ronald M. Aarts 142 Objective measurements of loudspeaker loudness are compared with those determined by listener adjustment. Measures based on B weighting or on ISO 532B are in best agreement with subjective ' ' ' > 7 "~ . .. * • • results. — "77 7/.. 77-. 7 7 . 7 .. - STANDARDS AND INFORMATION DOCUMENTS AES Recommended practice for digital audio engineering—Serial transmission formatfor two-channel linearly represented digital audio data 147 77,,7AES Recommended practice for digital audio engineering—-Format for the user data channel of the AES digital audio interface • 2v; * 166 * AES Standards Committee NewsV.• ... 184 FEATURES ' 1 r-:*?r < AES ith International Conference Preview: Portland, Oregon ..... * * 186 ••*- Calendar , «V, V i V«% , ....... ^. .s . ” • 187. Program . •»•ri 188 Updates and Corrections to Review of Society’s Sustaining Members 207 DEPARTMENTS News of the Sections ... 7 •* 198 In Memoriam ... ^ - 222 : Upcoming Meetings •K>:.••* . 205 AES Special Publications .223 Sound Track .r........ •••~ 206 Audio Engineering Society Application - . New Products ;;; 7 » » y» i and Developments .-;2ps 7.7. Instructions.. .. ivv.*. « iVi .227 •AA -• Available Literature ..... , 7 . 244^ Sections Contacts Directory .. 230 Membership Information ^ 216 AES Conventions and Conferences .232 ^ ... MSS*;*-' JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO/ACOUSTICS/APPLICATIONS VOLUME 40 NUMBER 4 1992 APRIL CONTENTS PAPERS Dynamic, Model-Based Linearization of Quantized Digital Pulse-Width Modulation -to Analog Conversion and Digital for Applications in A fundamental- , Power Amplifier Systems frequency-dependent nonlinearity handicaps M. O.J. Hawksford 235 modulation. A dynamic equalization process uniformly sampled pulse width applications in successfully removes this defect, - DACs and in digital power amplifiers. with possible Neural Network Mapping to Subjective Spectra of Music Sounds Given lengthy training — J. Mourjopoulos and " with samples of music and speech, a D. Tsoukalas 253 evaluates the noise-masking threshold neural network (NN ) subsequently thresholds corresponding to an arbitrary music are estimated more rapidly with the NN signal. Masking If than with analytic methods. The Application of Digital Signal Processing to Large Scale " !ii': Simulation of Frequency ResponseModeling and Optimization - Room Acoustics.^ 8 . Software for a , >....••<•......... Multichannel DSP Engine •5 k..., . : ....... !f The Archimedes . project, inorder to simulate real room Knud Bsnk Christensen 260 pf; of processed reflections, requires ki"- signals with multiple anechoic reproduction >!K, ; loudspeakers. If- . isi structure for that purpose. Described here is the digital signal processing ENGINEERING REPORTS Headset with Active Noise Reduction System Aheadset provides - for Mobile Applications its wearer with a 30-dB reduction of Volker Bartels 277 attenuated passively ambient noise. Above500 , by earcup design; below 500 Hz, Hz noise is attenuation is due to active feedback. STANDARDS AND INFORMATION DOCUMENTS AES -ALMA Standard test method for audio engineering Measurement of resonance frequency of — the lowest AES Standards Committee News v 283 :*v* 290 FEATURlS 1992 Directory of Educational Programs Updates *.* and Corrections to 1991/1992 298 Bylaws: International Sections Directory Audio Engineering Society, Inc 328 •rh. *•t 346 DEPARTMENTS Review of Acoustical Patents News of the 295 Available Literature Sections « '’4*4?» **,*•- • 328 * » *.< 340 Sound Membership ' Track Informationbe « •«$ .333 -* *** 342 Upcoming Meetings Sections Contacts Directory . » . • •*•••• * . 350 New Products and 334 AES Conventions and - Developments .336 Conferences .. 352 L ... Si. JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AESAUDIO/ACOUSTICS/APPLICATIONS VOLUME 40 NUMBERS 1992 MAY CONTENTS PAPERS Quantization and Dither: A Theoretical Survey Stanley P. Lipshitz, Robert A. Wannamaker, and John Vanderkooy 355 Dither is lubricant for the quantizing machine. Statistical study of digital models discloses the characteristics of better dithers. For most practical ( non-subtractive ) dithered systems, a 2-LSB, triangular probability-density dither is an optimal choice. A New Surround-Stereo-Surround Coding Technique . W. R. Th. Ten Kate, L. M. Van de Kerkhof, and F. F. M. Zijderveld 376 The masking effect allows subsidiary coded data signals to be combined inaudibly with a principal, two-channel audio signal. The recovered data is then used to dematrix the two channels and regen- erate a multichannel surround program. Determining Noise Criteria for Recording Environments Elizabeth A. Cohen and Louis D. Fielder 384 Sensitive microphones and low-noise recorders now prompt a redefinition of “quiet recording environmentA new method for evaluating background noise is proved in several symphony halls , recording studios, and listening rooms. ENGINEERING REPORTS A Linear-Phase Digital Equalizer with Cubic-Spline Frequency Response Paul H. Kraght 403 Several faults of analog equalizers are avoidable in a digital design , but uniform frequency response and freedom from ringing still require compromise. Reasonable choices are illustrated in a working model. STANDARDS AND INFORMATION DOCUMENTS AES Standards Committee News 415 FEATURES 92nd Convention Report 418 Exhibitors 428 Program 431 DEPARTMENTS Review of Acoustical Patents 416 Membership Information 468 News of the Sections 450 In Memoriam 473 Sound Track 456 AES Special Publications 474 New Products and Developments 458 Sections Contacts Directory 478 Upcoming Meetings 460 AES Conventions and Conferences 480 Available Literature 465 JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AESAUDIO/ACOUSTICS/APPLICATIONS VOLUME 40 NUMBER 6 1992 JUNE CONTENTS PAPERS Nonlinear Large-Signal Behavior of Electrodynamic Loudspeakers at Low Frequencies . Wolfgang Klippel 483 Nonlinear stiffness and Bl product are the dominant sources of large-signal distortions.Analytical predictions agree reasonably withdistortion measurements. Distortion might he reduced with : - nonlinear digital processing. Analysis-by-Synthesis/Overlap-Add Sinusoidal Modeling Applied to the Analysis and Synthesis of Musical Tones . E. Bryan George and Mark J. T. Smith 497 An automatictechnique for analyzing, synthesizing, and modifyingmusical tones is successful in generating avariety of instrumental tones that are perceptively indistinguishable from
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