Abhandlungen Der Geologischen Bundesanstalt in Wien
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O'keefe, F. R. 2006
12 Neoteny and the Plesiomorphic Condition of the Plesiosaur Basicranium F. Robin O’Keefe Introduction Historically, the systematics of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia, Sauroptery- gia) were based largely on postcranial characters (Persson, 1963; Brown, 1981). Several factors account for this bias: plesiosaur skulls tend to be del- icate and are often crushed even when preserved, postcranial elements are relatively common and cranial elements are not, lack of knowledge about the relationships of stem-group sauropterygians, and lack of knowledge of plesiosaur cranial anatomy itself. However, recent detailed examinations of plesiosaur cranial anatomy have identified many characters of use in plesiosaur systematics (Brown, 1993; Cruickshank, 1994; Storrs & Taylor, 1996; Storrs, 1997; Carpenter, 1997; Evans, 1999; O’Keefe, 2001, 2004), and the systematics of the group have changed markedly in response (Carpenter, 1997; O’Keefe, 2001, 2004). The work of Rieppel and others has clarified the anatomy and relationships of stem-group sauropterygians (Storrs, 1991; see Rieppel, 2000, for review). This work has laid the anatomic and phylogenetic foundations for a better understanding of ple- siosaur cranial anatomy. The purpose of this paper is to describe the condition of the braincase in stratigraphically early and morphologically primitive plesiosaurs. In- formation on the braincase of plesiomorphic taxa is important because it establishes the polarity of characters occurring in more derived ple- siosaurs. This paper begins with a short review of braincase anatomy in stem-group sauropterygians. Data on braincase morphology of the ple- siomorphic plesiosaur genera Thalassiodracon and Eurycleidus are then presented and interpreted via comparison with other plesiosaurs, stem- group sauropterygians, and stem diapsids (Araeoscelis). -
A New Species of the Sauropsid Reptile Nothosaurus from the Lower Muschelkalk of the Western Germanic Basin, Winterswijk, the Netherlands
A new species of the sauropsid reptile Nothosaurus from the Lower Muschelkalk of the western Germanic Basin, Winterswijk, The Netherlands NICOLE KLEIN and PAUL C.H. ALBERS Klein, N. and Albers, P.C.H. 2009. A new species of the sauropsid reptile Nothosaurus from the Lower Muschelkalk of the western Germanic Basin, Winterswijk, The Netherlands. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54 (4): 589–598. doi:10.4202/ app.2008.0083 A nothosaur skull recently discovered from the Lower Muschelkalk (early Anisian) locality of Winterswijk, The Nether− lands, represents at only 46 mm in length the smallest nothosaur skull known today. It resembles largely the skull mor− phology of Nothosaurus marchicus. Differences concern beside the size, the straight rectangular and relative broad parietals, the short posterior extent of the maxilla, the skull proportions, and the overall low number of maxillary teeth. In spite of its small size, the skull can not unequivocally be interpreted as juvenile. It shows fused premaxillae, nasals, frontals, and parietals, a nearly co−ossified jugal, and fully developed braincase elements, such as a basisphenoid and mas− sive epipterygoids. Adding the specimen to an existing phylogenetic analysis shows that it should be assigned to a new species, Nothosaurus winkelhorsti sp. nov., at least until its juvenile status can be unequivocally verified. Nothosaurus winkelhorsti sp. nov. represents, together with Nothosaurus juvenilis, the most basal nothosaur, so far. Key words: Sauropterygia, Nothosaurus, ontogeny, Anisian, The Netherlands. Nicole Klein [nklein@uni−bonn.de], Steinmann−Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie, Universtät Bonn, Nußallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Paul C.H. Albers [[email protected]], Naturalis, Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands. -
A Revision of the Classification of the Plesiosauria with a Synopsis of the Stratigraphical and Geographical Distribution Of
LUNDS UNIVERSITETS ARSSKRIFT. N. F. Avd. 2. Bd 59. Nr l. KUNGL. FYSIOGRAFISKA SÅLLSKAPETS HANDLINGAR, N. F. Bd 74. Nr 1. A REVISION OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PLESIOSAURIA WITH A SYNOPSIS OF THE STRATIGRAPHICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE GROUP BY PER OVE PERSSON LUND C. W. K. GLEER UP Read before the Royal Physiographic Society, February 13, 1963. LUND HÅKAN OHLSSONS BOKTRYCKERI l 9 6 3 l. Introduction The sub-order Plesiosauria is one of the best known of the Mesozoic Reptile groups, but, as emphasized by KuHN (1961, p. 75) and other authors, its classification is still not satisfactory, and needs a thorough revision. The present paper is an attempt at such a revision, and includes also a tabular synopsis of the stratigraphical and geo graphical distribution of the group. Some of the species are discussed in the text (pp. 17-22). The synopsis is completed with seven maps (figs. 2-8, pp. 10-16), a selective synonym list (pp. 41-42), and a list of rejected species (pp. 42-43). Some forms which have been erroneously referred to the Plesiosauria are also briefly mentioned ("Non-Plesiosaurians", p. 43). - The numerals in braekets after the generic and specific names in the text refer to the tabular synopsis, in which the different forms are numbered in successional order. The author has exaroined all material available from Sweden, Australia and Spitzbergen (PERSSON 1954, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1962a); the major part of the material from the British Isles, France, Belgium and Luxembourg; some of the German spec imens; certain specimens from New Zealand, now in the British Museum (see LYDEK KER 1889, pp. -
(Diapsida: Saurosphargidae), with Implications for the Morphological Diversity and Phylogeny of the Group
Geol. Mag.: page 1 of 21. c Cambridge University Press 2013 1 doi:10.1017/S001675681300023X A new species of Largocephalosaurus (Diapsida: Saurosphargidae), with implications for the morphological diversity and phylogeny of the group ∗ CHUN LI †, DA-YONG JIANG‡, LONG CHENG§, XIAO-CHUN WU†¶ & OLIVIER RIEPPEL ∗ Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 643, Beijing 100044, China ‡Department of Geology and Geological Museum, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China §Wuhan Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Wuhan, 430223, PR China ¶Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, STN ‘D’, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada Department of Geology, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA (Received 31 July 2012; accepted 25 February 2013) Abstract – Largocephalosaurus polycarpon Cheng et al. 2012a was erected after the study of the skull and some parts of a skeleton and considered to be an eosauropterygian. Here we describe a new species of the genus, Largocephalosaurus qianensis, based on three specimens. The new species provides many anatomical details which were described only briefly or not at all in the type species, and clearly indicates that Largocephalosaurus is a saurosphargid. It differs from the type species mainly in having three premaxillary teeth, a very short retroarticular process, a large pineal foramen, two sacral vertebrae, and elongated small granular osteoderms mixed with some large ones along the lateral most side of the body. With additional information from the new species, we revise the diagnosis and the phylogenetic relationships of Largocephalosaurus and clarify a set of diagnostic features for the Saurosphargidae Li et al. -
Mesozoic Marine Reptile Palaeobiogeography in Response to Drifting Plates
ÔØ ÅÒÙ×Ö ÔØ Mesozoic marine reptile palaeobiogeography in response to drifting plates N. Bardet, J. Falconnet, V. Fischer, A. Houssaye, S. Jouve, X. Pereda Suberbiola, A. P´erez-Garc´ıa, J.-C. Rage, P. Vincent PII: S1342-937X(14)00183-X DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2014.05.005 Reference: GR 1267 To appear in: Gondwana Research Received date: 19 November 2013 Revised date: 6 May 2014 Accepted date: 14 May 2014 Please cite this article as: Bardet, N., Falconnet, J., Fischer, V., Houssaye, A., Jouve, S., Pereda Suberbiola, X., P´erez-Garc´ıa, A., Rage, J.-C., Vincent, P., Mesozoic marine reptile palaeobiogeography in response to drifting plates, Gondwana Research (2014), doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2014.05.005 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Mesozoic marine reptile palaeobiogeography in response to drifting plates To Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) Bardet N.a*, Falconnet J. a, Fischer V.b, Houssaye A.c, Jouve S.d, Pereda Suberbiola X.e, Pérez-García A.f, Rage J.-C.a and Vincent P.a,g a Sorbonne Universités CR2P, CNRS-MNHN-UPMC, Département Histoire de la Terre, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 38, 57 rue Cuvier, -
Contributions in BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY
MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions In BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 51 November 29, 1982 A Compendium of Fossil Marine Families J. John Sepkoski, Jr. MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions in BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 51 November 29, 1982 A COMPENDIUM OF FOSSIL MARINE FAMILIES J. JOHN SEPKOSKI, JR. Department of the Geophysical Sciences University of Chicago REVIEWERS FOR THIS PUBLICATION: Robert Gernant, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee David M. Raup, Field Museum of Natural History Frederick R. Schram, San Diego Natural History Museum Peter M. Sheehan, Milwaukee Public Museum ISBN 0-893260-081-9 Milwaukee Public Museum Press Published by the Order of the Board of Trustees CONTENTS Abstract ---- ---------- -- - ----------------------- 2 Introduction -- --- -- ------ - - - ------- - ----------- - - - 2 Compendium ----------------------------- -- ------ 6 Protozoa ----- - ------- - - - -- -- - -------- - ------ - 6 Porifera------------- --- ---------------------- 9 Archaeocyatha -- - ------ - ------ - - -- ---------- - - - - 14 Coelenterata -- - -- --- -- - - -- - - - - -- - -- - -- - - -- -- - -- 17 Platyhelminthes - - -- - - - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- -- --- - - - - - - 24 Rhynchocoela - ---- - - - - ---- --- ---- - - ----------- - 24 Priapulida ------ ---- - - - - -- - - -- - ------ - -- ------ 24 Nematoda - -- - --- --- -- - -- --- - -- --- ---- -- - - -- -- 24 Mollusca ------------- --- --------------- ------ 24 Sipunculida ---------- --- ------------ ---- -- --- - 46 Echiurida ------ - --- - - - - - --- --- - -- --- - -- - - --- -
Macropredatory Ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic and the Origin of Modern Trophic Networks
Macropredatory ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic and the origin of modern trophic networks Nadia B. Fröbischa,1, Jörg Fröbischa,1, P. Martin Sanderb,1,2, Lars Schmitzc,1,2,3, and Olivier Rieppeld aMuseum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; bSteinmann Institute of Geology, Mineralogy, and Paleontology, Division of Paleontology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; cDepartment of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and dDepartment of Geology, The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605 Edited by Neil H. Shubin, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, and approved December 5, 2012 (received for review October 8, 2012) The biotic recovery from Earth’s most severe extinction event at the Holotype and Only Specimen. The Field Museum of Natural His- Permian-Triassic boundary largely reestablished the preextinction tory (FMNH) contains specimen PR 3032, a partial skeleton structure of marine trophic networks, with marine reptiles assuming including most of the skull (Fig. 1) and axial skeleton, parts of the predator roles. However, the highest trophic level of today’s the pelvic girdle, and parts of the hind fins. marine ecosystems, i.e., macropredatory tetrapods that forage on prey of similar size to their own, was thus far lacking in the Paleozoic Horizon and Locality. FMNH PR 3032 was collected in 2008 from the and early Mesozoic. Here we report a top-tier tetrapod predator, middle Anisian Taylori Zone of the Fossil Hill Member of the Favret a very large (>8.6 m) ichthyosaur from the early Middle Triassic Formation at Favret Canyon, Augusta Mountains, Pershing County, (244 Ma), of Nevada. -
Exceptional Vertebrate Biotas from the Triassic of China, and the Expansion of Marine Ecosystems After the Permo-Triassic Mass Extinction
Earth-Science Reviews 125 (2013) 199–243 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth-Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev Exceptional vertebrate biotas from the Triassic of China, and the expansion of marine ecosystems after the Permo-Triassic mass extinction Michael J. Benton a,⁎, Qiyue Zhang b, Shixue Hu b, Zhong-Qiang Chen c, Wen Wen b, Jun Liu b, Jinyuan Huang b, Changyong Zhou b, Tao Xie b, Jinnan Tong c, Brian Choo d a School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK b Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China c State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China d Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China article info abstract Article history: The Triassic was a time of turmoil, as life recovered from the most devastating of all mass extinctions, the Received 11 February 2013 Permo-Triassic event 252 million years ago. The Triassic marine rock succession of southwest China provides Accepted 31 May 2013 unique documentation of the recovery of marine life through a series of well dated, exceptionally preserved Available online 20 June 2013 fossil assemblages in the Daye, Guanling, Zhuganpo, and Xiaowa formations. New work shows the richness of the faunas of fishes and reptiles, and that recovery of vertebrate faunas was delayed by harsh environmental Keywords: conditions and then occurred rapidly in the Anisian. The key faunas of fishes and reptiles come from a limited Triassic Recovery area in eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou provinces, and these may be dated relative to shared strati- Reptile graphic units, and their palaeoenvironments reconstructed. -
Tesis Doctoral 2018
TESIS DOCTORAL 2018 HISTORIA EVOLUTIVA DE SIMOSAURIDAE (SAUROPTERYGIA). CONTEXTO SISTEMÁTICO Y BIOGEOGRÁFICO DE LOS REPTILES MARINOS DEL TRIÁSICO DE LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA CARLOS DE MIGUEL CHAVES PROGRAMA DE DOCTORADO EN CIENCIAS FRANCISCO ORTEGA COLOMA ADÁN PÉREZ GARCÍA RESUMEN Los sauropterigios fueron un exitoso grupo de reptiles marinos que vivió durante el Mesozoico, apareciendo en el Triásico Inferior y desapareciendo a finales del Cretácico Superior. Este grupo alcanzó su máxima disparidad conocida durante el Triásico Medio e inicios del Triásico Superior, diversificándose en numerosos grupos con distintos modos de vida y adaptaciones tróficas. El registro fósil de este grupo durante el Triásico es bien conocido a nivel global, habiéndose hallado abundantes restos en Norteamérica, Europa, el norte de África, Oriente Próximo y China. A pesar del relativamente abundante registro de sauropterigios triásicos ibéricos, los restos encontrados son, por lo general, elementos aislados y poco informativos a nivel sistemático en comparación con los de otros países europeos como Alemania, Francia o Italia. En la presente tesis doctoral se realiza una puesta al día sobre el registro ibérico triásico de Sauropterygia, con especial énfasis en el clado Simosauridae, cuyo registro ibérico permanecía hasta ahora inédito. Además de la revisión de ejemplares de sauropterigios previamente conocidos, se estudian numerosos ejemplares inéditos. De esta manera, se evalúan hipótesis previas sobre la diversidad peninsular de este clado y se reconocen tanto formas definidas en otras regiones europeas y de Oriente Próximo, pero hasta ahora no identificadas en la península ibérica, como nuevos taxones. La definición de nuevas formas y el incremento de la información sobre otras previamente conocidas permiten la propuesta de hipótesis filogenéticas y la redefinición de varios taxones. -
Elachistosuchus Huenei Janensch, 1949 (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Upper Triassic of Germany and Its Relevance for the Origin of Sauria
RESEARCH ARTICLE Anatomy of the Enigmatic Reptile Elachistosuchus huenei Janensch, 1949 (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Upper Triassic of Germany and Its Relevance for the Origin of Sauria Gabriela Sobral1☯*, Hans-Dieter Sues2☯, Johannes Müller1☯ 1 Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany, 2 Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 121, Washington, DC, United States of America ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Citation: Sobral G, Sues H-D, Müller J (2015) Abstract Anatomy of the Enigmatic Reptile Elachistosuchus huenei Janensch, 1949 (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the The holotype and only known specimen of the enigmatic small reptile Elachistosuchus hue- Upper Triassic of Germany and Its Relevance for the nei Janensch, 1949 from the Upper Triassic (Norian) Arnstadt Formation of Saxony-Anhalt Origin of Sauria. PLoS ONE 10(9): e0135114. μ doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135114 (Germany) is redescribed using CT scans of the material. This re-examination revealed new information on the morphology of this taxon, including previously unknown parts of the Editor: Shree Ram Singh, National Cancer Institute, UNITED STATES skeleton such as the palate, braincase, and shoulder girdle. Elachistosuchus is diagnosed especially by the presence of the posterolateral process of the frontal, the extension of the Received: January 27, 2015 maxillary tooth row to the posterior margin of the orbit, the free posterior process of the Accepted: July 19, 2015 jugal, and the notched anterior margin of the interclavicle. Phylogenetic analyses using two Published: September 9, 2015 recently published character-taxon matrices recovered conflicting results for the phyloge- Copyright: This is an open access article, free of all netic position of Elachistosuchus–either as an archosauromorph, as a lepidosauromorph or copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, as a more basal, non-saurian diapsid. -
Viviparity in a Triassic Marine Archosauromorph Reptile.Pdf
第55卷 第3期 古 脊 椎 动 物 学 报 pp. 210-217 2017年7月 VERTEBRATA PALASIATICA fig. 1 Viviparity in a Triassic marine archosauromorph reptile LI Chun1 Olivier RIEPPEL2 Nicholas C. FRASER3 (1 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044, China [email protected]) (2 Field Museum of Natural History Chicago IL 60605, USA) (3 National Museums Scotland Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK) Abstract Eggs or embryos have been reported in various groups of fossil reptiles, where viviparity is a common mode of reproduction in aquatic taxa such as the ichthyopterygians, some groups of sauropterygians, mosasauroids, some taxa of choristoderans and certain protorosaurs. Here, we describe a complete embryo of a marine protorosaur, based on a well-preserved, curled- up skeleton. The new discovery is referred to a taxon closely related to the remarkable long- necked Dinocephalosaurus. It further confirmed viviparity in an archosauromorph group and indicates an increasing taxonomic diversity not only within this group, but of Triassic marine reptiles in general. keywords archosauromorph, protorosaur, embryo, viviparity, marine Citation Li C, Rieppel O, Fraser N C, 2017. Viviparity in a Triassic marine archosauromorph reptile. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 55(3): 210–217 1 Introduction A number of terms such as oviparity, ovoviviparity and viviparity have been used to describe reproductive strategies in reptiles. However, in the fossil record only oviparity and viviparity can be distinguished, thus allowing a straight-forward definition simply based on the deposition of eggs versus giving birth to live offspring (Guillette, 1993; Blackburn, 1993). -
A Cladistic Analysis and Taxonomic Revision of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) F
Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Biological Sciences Faculty Research Biological Sciences 12-2001 A Cladistic Analysis and Taxonomic Revision of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) F. Robin O’Keefe Marshall University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/bio_sciences_faculty Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, and the Other Animal Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Frank Robin O’Keefe (2001). A cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia). ). Acta Zoologica Fennica 213: 1-63. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Faculty Research by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Acta Zool. Fennica 213: 1–63 ISBN 951-9481-58-3 ISSN 0001-7299 Helsinki 11 December 2001 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2001 A cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) Frank Robin O’Keefe Department of Anatomy, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 11568, U.S.A Received 13 February 2001, accepted 17 September 2001 O’Keefe F. R. 2001: A cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the Plesio- sauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia). — Acta Zool. Fennica 213: 1–63. The Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) is a group of Mesozoic marine reptiles known from abundant material, with specimens described from all continents. The group originated very near the Triassic–Jurassic boundary and persisted to the end- Cretaceous mass extinction. This study describes the results of a specimen-based cladistic study of the Plesiosauria, based on examination of 34 taxa scored for 166 morphological characters.