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Nigerian Journal of Rural Sociology Vol. 15, No. 1, December 2014

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Nigerian Journal of Rural Sociology Vol. 15, No. 1, December 2014 Nigerian Journal of Rural Sociology Vol. 15, No. 1, December 2014 ASSESSMENT OF WOMEN INVOLVEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN KUJE AND ABUJA MUNICIPAL AREA COUNCILS OF FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA, NIGERIA 1Kehinde, E. A., 2Tologbonse, E. B., 3Adeniji, O. B., 4Yemison, G. H. and 3Tologbonse, O. M. 1. Samaru College of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 2. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 3. Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University of Technology, Minna 4. Agricultural Department, Kuje Area Council, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja ABSTRACT The Federal Government of Nigeria in 2011 launched the Agricultural Transformation Agenda (ATA) as its Vision and Mission to promote the growth and development of Nigeria. The agenda clearly has many promising hope for Nigerians. However, like many programmes of past governments, designed to address the structural imbalance in legislation, policy and governance, between men and women, no pragmatic and concrete effort is made to address the anomalies. Therefore, this paper seeks to bring to the fore women’s involvement in agricultural activities in Kuje and Abuja Municipal Area Councils, Abuja, Nigeria. A multi stage sampling procedure was employed in selecting the respondents. Two Area Councils (AC), from the six Area Councils in the Federal Capital Territory Abuja, were purposively selected due to the high number of women involved in farming in the area councils. Twenty percent of the registered women farmers were randomly sampled from six villages in each of the selected Area Council (AC), giving a total of 240 respondents. Structured questionnaire was administered to obtain information from registered women farmers purposively selected from a register of women farmers in the area. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data. Results revealed that 45% of the women were between 31-40 years, 82.9% were married and 78% had formal education. Out of 24 agricultural activities engaged in by the women only six variables, namely, fish farming (mean=2.5), agro forestry products (mean =2.6), fish salting (mean 2.2), fish smoking (2.4), shea butter processing (mean=2.4) and carrying of farm produce home (mean=2.5) above the cut-off point mean of 2.0 were most practised activities. The t-test showed that mean involvement in agricultural activities of women farmers from Kuje (29.1) and Municipal (28.5) AC were not significantly different at 5% of probability. The Logit Regression model shows that cultural beliefs significantly influenced women’s involvement in agricultural activities at 1% level of probability while age, income, household size and extension contact had significant influence at 5% level of probability. Credit was also significant at 10% level of probability. The correlation was highly significant between women involvement in agricultural activities and the following variables: age, household size, and years of experience in farming. It is recommended that clear governmental policies, national guidelines, strategies, and plans for the involvement of more women in agricultural activities, be formulated and implemented. Keywords: Women, involvement, agriculture, activities. INTRODUCTION backbone of subsistence agriculture. Nigerian According to Adeyokunu (1990), of all the women are involved in all aspects of agricultural enterprises in developing countries, agriculture activities: (agricultural production, animal remains the most significant, and women are the production, and transportation of crop from farm to 28 Nigerian Journal of Rural Sociology Vol. 15, No. 1, December 2014 the house, processing, storage and marketing). involvement of women in household, family Jiggins and Olawoye (1997) revealed that out of 95 maintenance activities, water transportation, fuel percent of small scale farmers in Nigeria who and fodder, her role and dignity has not yet been actually feed the Nation, 55 percent of them are recognized. Women’s status is low by all social, women. Fresco (2008) revealed that women economic and political indications. Damisa and account for 70 percent of agricultural workers, 80 Yohanna (2007), using Zaria in Kaduna State of percent of food producers, 100 percent of those Nigeria as their study area, examined the level of who process basic foodstuff and they undertake participation of rural women in decision-making in 60% to 90% of marketing. Furthermore it was different areas of agriculture and studied factors estimated that women are responsible for 70 influencing their participation in the decision- percent of actual farm work and constitute up to 60 making process in farm management. They found percent of farming population in Nigeria. that women’s participation in decision-making was According to Sekitoleko (1990), women quite minimal. In each of the farm operations, less involvement in agriculture is more prominent in the than 20% of the women were consulted, except in rural areas, since 80-90% of Nigeria women live in the sourcing of farm credit, where about 28% were rural areas and about 80% of the labour force is consulted; about 13% or less of the women had supplied by rural women. Hence women are the their opinion considered in each of the farm brain behind the bulk of food production in operations. However, only between 1.0 and 2.5% Nigeria. They are also responsible for most local took the final decision in all of the farm operations. food crop distribution from farming centres to the Women’s participation in farm management urban areas all over the country. decision-making process is said to increase with The issues of gender cannot be omitted from age, older women participating more in decision- the discussion of agriculture in Nigeria, Africa and making in the different areas of agriculture than world over. Traditional agriculture is characterized their younger age group counterparts. The high by gender division of labour according to task and level of knowledge and experience about improved agricultural enterprise. Most women work in the farm practices acquired by the educated women field and market place or gather fuel and fetch farmer had positive influence in that regard water over a long distance but their economic (Damisa and Yohanna, 2007). Wealth status of contributions are generally unrecognized. Women women is also another major determinant of the have been found to play active role in agricultural role of the women in farm management decision- production in Africa. It is most unfortunate that the making; richer women being more involved than role of women in agriculture has not been their poorer counterparts. National Agricultural highlighted. Women have remained invisible Extension Research and Liaison Services workers. Women cultivators have been (NAERLS) (2000) reported that women in characterized as economically inactive and they Anambra State of Nigeria contribute more than the play only a supportive role in agriculture as men in terms of labour input in farming and are farmers’ wives (Chayal et al ., 2010). Gueye (2003) solely responsible for household management argued that despite gargantuan efforts and duties. unceasing participation in socio-economic field, Socio-economic and political obstacles have women role has been discarded. Despite the huge for long been intensifying gender inequality and 29 Nigerian Journal of Rural Sociology Vol. 15, No. 1, December 2014 exacerbating poverty among women. Saito (1994) FCT. FCT (1985) indicated that the Federal Capital advocated that it is commonly believed that in Territory has high potential for agricultural Muslim dominated communities in the North of production because of its favourable climate and Nigeria, the obligations of men and women are promising market for agricultural products. There clearly defined. Under male dominated social is therefore the need for examinations of women structure and political system, women do not derive involvement in agricultural activities since they equal access to land, technology, education and play major roles in production and processing of resource and as a result, rate of illiteracy is farm produce. The data generated will be useful to significantly higher among women and girls than it both private and government agencies to know the is among men. Oxby (1983) reported that in level of women involvement in agricultural pastoral societies, women in high status commonly production. Although women are seen to be weaker own some animals than women of low status who sex, they have not been given the priviledge to be often share some of the heavier tasks, and that girls assisted for better performance. It is against this carry out some of the lighter herding. In the case of background that the following objectives were small ruminants (sheep and goat), Epstein (1985) formulated. found that women were responsible for milking Objectives of the study ewes. In central and Northern Somalia, the The broad objective of this study is to assess butchery trade in sheep and goat is almost women involvement in agricultural activities in exclusively in the hands of women (Reusea, 1982). Kuje and Abuja Municipal Area Councils, Abuja. In Zonkwa, West of Jos Plateau, Nigeria, Waters- The specific objectives are to: Bayer (1986) noted that women are in charge of all i. describe the socio-economic characteristics of milk processing and marketing. the respondents. The International Community has recognized ii. examine the level of women
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