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Daniel Posner
* African Borders as Sources of Natural Experiments Daniel N. Posner Department of Political Science University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA 90095-1472 [email protected] This version: 12 February 2006 * Paper prepared for presentation in the Colloquium Series of the Yale Program in Agrarian Studies, 17 February 2006. I thank John McCauley for sharing his data on religious identification along the Côte d’Ivoire-Burkina Faso border and Anoop Sarbahi for his help assembling the GPCP rainfall data. The arbitrary nature of Africa’s borders is well known.1 Less well recognized is the opportunity that these arbitrary borders provide for social science research. This paper describes some of the shortcomings of traditional, observational studies and shows how natural experiments can provide for more reliable inferences about causality. The paper then draws on examples from three different projects to illustrate how the artificial nature of Africa’s borders can be used as a source of natural experiments. The Quest for Causal Inferences in Social Science Research In the social sciences, researchers typically make causal inferences through observational studies. These are analyses where the variables that the researcher is studying acquire their values through the unfolding of real-world events that are outside the researcher’s control (Collier et al 2004). The problem with observational studies is that they make it difficult or impossible to rule out the possibility that other, unmeasured variables may be the cause of the observed relationship between the variables of interest. Suppose, for example, we are interested in the linkage between smoking and cancer. -
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16_043539 bindex.qxp 10/10/06 8:49 AM Page 176 176 B Boston Public Library, 29–30 Babysitters, 165–166 Boston Public Market, 87 Index Back Bay sights and attrac- Boston Symphony Index See also Accommoda- tions, 68–72 Orchestra, 127 tions and Restaurant Bank of America Pavilion, Boston Tea Party, 43–44 Boston Tea Party Reenact- indexes, below. 126, 130 The Bar at the Ritz-Carlton, ment, 161–162 114, 118 Brattle, William, House A Barbara Krakow Gallery, (Cambridge), 62 Abiel Smith School, 49 78–79 Brattle Book Shop, 80 Abodeon, 85 Barnes & Noble, 79–80 Brattle Street (Cambridge), Access America, 167 Barneys New York, 83 62 Accommodations, 134–146. Bars, 118–119 Brattle Theatre (Cambridge), See also Accommodations best, 114 126, 129 Index gay and lesbian, 120 Bridge (Public Garden), 92 best bets, 134 sports, 122 The Bristol, 121 toll-free numbers and Bartholdi, Frédéric Brookline Booksmith, 80 websites, 175 Auguste, 70 Brooks Brothers, 83 Acorn Street, 49 Beacon Hill, 4 Bulfinch, Charles, 7, 9, 40, African Americans, 7 sights and attractions, 47, 52, 63, 67, 173 Black Nativity, 162 46–49 Bunker Hill Monument, 59 Museum of Afro-Ameri- Berklee Performance Center, Burleigh House (Cambridge), can History, 49 130 62 African Meeting House, 49 Berk’s Shoes (Cambridge), Burrage Mansion, 71 Agganis Arena, 130 83 Bus travel, 164, 165 Air travel, 163 Big Dig, 174 airline numbers and Black Ink, 85 C websites, 174–175 Black Nativity, 162 Calliope (Cambridge), 81 Alcott, Louisa May, 48, 149 The Black Rose, 122 Cambridge Common, 61 Alpha Gallery, 78 Blackstone -
Public Meeting Access Will Be Provided Online At
NOTICE OF PUBLIC MEETING Wednesday, December 2, 2020 10:00 AM- 2:30 PM Public meeting access will be provided online at https://arts.ca.gov/about/council-meetings/ 1. Call to Order N. Lindo 2. Acknowledgment of Tribal Land A. Bown-Crawford 3. Roll Call and Establishment of a Quorum L. Barcena 4. Voting Item: Approval of Minutes from September 10, 2020 N. Lindo Council Meeting (TAB A) 5. Chair’s Report (TAB B) N. Lindo 6. Director’s Report (TAB C) A. Bown-Crawford 7. Public Comment N. Lindo Two forms of public comment will be offered: - Written comments will be accepted online prior to and during the Council meeting - Live comment will be accepted during this agenda item in the meeting via Zoom or phone. Live public comment may be limited to 2 minutes per person. Access and instructions will be provided at https://arts.ca.gov/about/council-meetings/ 8. Committee Updates: a) Equity Committee (TAB D) K. Gallegos L. Gonzales-Chavez b) Programs Policy Committee (TAB E) L. Baza J. Evans c) Legislative Committee (TAB F) C. Montoya J. Moscone d) Governance Committee K. Gallegos D. Harris 9. Presentation: Strategic Framework Committee (TAB G) The J. Galli Strategic Framework Committee will provide an overview of A. Israel the Aspirations and Decision Support Tool. 10. Discussion Item: Council’s Direction N. Lindo J. Galli 11. Voting Item: 2021 Chair and Vice-Chair Elections K. Gallegos The Nominating Committee will present the nominees for the J. Galli Council vote of chair and vice-chair for 2020. 12. -
Cabot Corporation
CASE........................................................................................................................................................... STUDY: MARKET NICHE Rubber Chemicals ........................................................................................................................................................... POSITION NICHE R&D ........................................................................................................................................................... JOB TITLE Applications Development Manager ........................................................................................................................................................... CLIENT Cabot Corporation ........................................................................................................................................................... COMPANY Cabot Corporation POSITION Applications Development Manager LOCATION Boston, MA For more information contact: Patrick Ropella President & CEO Ropella 850-983-4997 [email protected] Cabot Corporate Headquarters ROPELLATM GROWING GREAT COMPANIES 8100 Opportunity Drive, Milton, Florida 32583 850-983-4777 | www.ropella.com Cabot Corporation 2 Applications Development Manager Company Information Cabot Corporation Cabot Corporation is a global leader in the specialty chemicals and performance More Information: solutions industry with more than 130 www.cabotcorp.com years of experience and approximately 4,600 employees working in 21 countries. -
SPIRITED THINGS: Sacred Arts of the Black Atlantic
SPIRITED THINGS: Sacred Arts of the Black Atlantic TRAVELING EXHIBITION SERVICE 2 SPIRITED THINGS INTRODUCTION he ruthless triangular trade that flourished between the continents of Europe, Africa, and the Americas T brought millions of enslaved Africans to the Americas, where African priests—assimilating some of the practices and beliefs of the radically new cultures they encountered—gradually adapted their ancestral religions to their people’s new and dire circumstances. The Afro-Atlantic religions are products of Africans’ long-running cosmopolitanism, and represent a complex, syncretic response to the tragic beginnings of globalization. This exhibition explores a family of religions that emerged from the centuries-long turmoil and diaspora of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. TRAVELING EXHIBITION SERVICE 3 4 SPIRITED THINGS SPIRITED THINGS: Spirited Things explores a family of religions that evolved in the context SACRED ARTS OF of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. At its root are the ancestors of the Yorùbá people and their gods, called òrìṣà (in Yorùbá), orichas (Spanish), orixás THE BLACK ATLANTIC (Portuguese), or orishas (English). West African monarchs and merchants invoked the òrìṣà in rituals of healing and for the protection of their interests in the coastal trade with their European counterparts. Later, West Africans enslaved in the Caribbean and South America adapted these same gods to their own, more existential needs of mutual assistance, healing, and spiritual uplift, often in defiance of their captors’ attempts to suppress their ancestral traditions. They disguised and amplified their continued worship of African gods by combining them with similar Roman Catholic saints and indigenous spirits. This blending of African, European, and Native American iconography and practices is a hallmark of the religions of the African diaspora, which include Haitian Vodou, Cuban Santería (also called Regla de Ocha), Brazilian Candomblé, and Caribbean Spiritism. -
The Political Sources of Religious Identification: Evidence from The
B.J.Pol.S. 49, 421–441 Copyright © Cambridge University Press, 2017 doi:10.1017/S0007123416000594 First published online 8 March 2017 The Political Sources of Religious Identification: Evidence from the Burkina Faso–Côte d’Ivoire Border JOHN F. MCCAULEY AND DANIEL N. POSNER* Under what conditions does religion become a salient social identity? By measuring religious attachment among the people living astride the Burkina Faso–Côte d’Ivoire border in West Africa, an arbitrary boundary that exposes otherwise similar individuals to different political contexts, this article makes a case for the importance of the political environment in affecting the weight that people attach to their religious identities. After ruling out explanations rooted in the proportion of different religious denominations, the degree of secularization and the supply of religious institutions on either side of the border, as well as differences in the degree of religious pluralism at the national level, it highlights the greater exposure of Ivorian respondents to the politicization of religion during Côte d’Ivoire’s recent civil conflict. Methodologically, the study demonstrates the power – and challenges – of exploiting Africa’s arbitrary borders as a source of causal leverage. Keywords: arbitrary borders; natural experiment; religion; Côte d’Ivoire; Burkina Faso; conflict; identities An estimated 85 per cent of the world’s population claims membership in a religious group.1 Yet the importance that people attach to their religious identity varies considerably. For some, religion is the defining characteristic of who they are; their politics and perspectives on the world are inextricably bound up in their faith. For others, religious group membership is merely one social attachment among many; their attitudes and behavior are little affected by their religious affiliation. -
Côte D'ivoire Country Focus
European Asylum Support Office Côte d’Ivoire Country Focus Country of Origin Information Report June 2019 SUPPORT IS OUR MISSION European Asylum Support Office Côte d’Ivoire Country Focus Country of Origin Information Report June 2019 More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). ISBN: 978-92-9476-993-0 doi: 10.2847/055205 © European Asylum Support Office (EASO) 2019 Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, unless otherwise stated. For third-party materials reproduced in this publication, reference is made to the copyrights statements of the respective third parties. Cover photo: © Mariam Dembélé, Abidjan (December 2016) CÔTE D’IVOIRE: COUNTRY FOCUS - EASO COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT — 3 Acknowledgements EASO acknowledges as the co-drafters of this report: Italy, Ministry of the Interior, National Commission for the Right of Asylum, International and EU Affairs, COI unit Switzerland, State Secretariat for Migration (SEM), Division Analysis The following departments reviewed this report, together with EASO: France, Office Français de Protection des Réfugiés et Apatrides (OFPRA), Division de l'Information, de la Documentation et des Recherches (DIDR) Norway, Landinfo The Netherlands, Immigration and Naturalisation Service, Office for Country of Origin Information and Language Analysis (OCILA) Dr Marie Miran-Guyon, Lecturer at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), researcher, and author of numerous publications on the country reviewed this report. It must be noted that the review carried out by the mentioned departments, experts or organisations contributes to the overall quality of the report, but does not necessarily imply their formal endorsement of the final report, which is the full responsibility of EASO. -
The Alan Lomax Photographs and the Music of Williamsburg (1959-1960)
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2010 The Alan Lomax Photographs and the Music of Williamsburg (1959-1960) Peggy Finley Aarlien College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons, History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the Music Commons Recommended Citation Aarlien, Peggy Finley, "The Alan Lomax Photographs and the Music of Williamsburg (1959-1960)" (2010). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539626612. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-b3tk-nh55 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ALAN LOMAX PHOTOGRAPHS AND THE MUSIC OF WILLIAMSBURG (1959-1960) Peggy Finley Aarlien Niirnberg, Germany Master of Arts, Norwegian University of Sciences and Technology, 2001 Bachelor of Arts, Norwegian University of Sciences and Technology, 1995 A Thesis presented to the Graduate Faculty of the College of William and Mary in Candidacy for the Degree of Masters of Arts The American Studies Program The College of William and Mary August 2010 APPROVAL PAGE This Thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters o f Arts Approved by the Committee, June, 2010 Professor Grey Gundaker The American Studies Program / Dr^Gj/affle^MjbGovern he Anwiqfin SJMdies*4*f©gi2iiT^^ 'w / G' fgG Arthur Rrnignt j” The American Studies Program ABSTRACT PACE On July 19, 2002, folklorist Alan Lomax died at the age of 87. -
©Catherine Turgeon-Gouin 2011
THE MYTH OF QUÉBEC’S TRADITIONAL CUISINE CATHERINE TURGEON-GOUIN, ENGLISH LITERATURE MCGILL UNIVERSITY, MONTREAL A THESIS SUBMITTED TO MCGILL UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE MASTERS DEGREE OF ENGLISH LITERATURE ©Catherine Turgeon-Gouin 2011 Table of Contents ABSTRACT 3 RÉSUMÉ 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 5 INTRODUCTION 6 CHAPTER 1 21 1: ELECTING A NATIONAL MEAL 21 1.2: FOOD AS NATIONAL SYMBOL 22 SECTION 1.3: HOW FOOD CARRIES MEANING 23 SECTION 2: A PROVISIONAL CANON OF TRADITIONAL QUÉBEC DISHES 24 2.2: NATIONALIZATION PROCESS 28 2.3: FROM NATIONAL PRODUCT TO NATIONAL SYMBOL 33 CONCLUSION 39 CHAPTER 2 40 PART 1 40 SECTION 1 - EXPLAINING THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF BARTHES’ NOTION OF MYTH 44 SECTION 2 - EXAMPLE AND TERMINOLOGY 45 PART 2 50 SECTION 1 - AU PIED DE COCHON AS MYTH 50 SECTION 2 – INGREDIENTS 54 SECTION 3 – MENU 61 SECTION 4: FAMILIAL, CONVIVIAL ATMOSPHERE 66 CONCLUSION 72 CHAPTER 3 74 PART 1: MAKING A MYTHOLOGY OF MYTH – THE THEORY 76 PART 2: O QUÉBEC RESTAURANTS AS MYTHOLOGY 80 2.1 ROOTED IN THE MYTH OF QUÉBEC’S TRADITIONAL CUISINE 80 2.2 – THE ‘ORNAMENTED’ AND ‘SUBJUNCTIVE’ FORM: THE DISNEY INFLUENCE 86 2.3 THE CONCEPT: THE GAZE AND THE STAGE 92 2.4 THE FINAL SIGNIFICATION: MYTH UNCOVERED BY MYTHOLOGY 95 CONCLUSION 98 WORKS CITED 104 2 Abstract Ever since Brillat-Savarin famously claimed that “we are what we eat,” thinkers and critics have tried, in this generation more than ever, to articulate what, precisely, can be observed about identities through culinary practices. Nowhere is the relationship between identity and foodways as explicit as in a nation’s traditional cuisine. -
Museums in Middlebury Vermont
Museums in Middlebury Vermont Founded in 1984, the Vermont Folklife Center is a nationally-known folklife education organization that uses ethnography—study of cultural experience through interviewing, participation and observation—to strengthen the understanding of the cultural and social fabric of Vermont's diverse communities. 88 Main St. Middlebury, VT 05753 802-388-4964 www.vermontfolklifecenter.org Approximately 5 minutes from the Middlebury Inn The Sheldon Museum, the oldest community-based Museum in the country, has welcomed visitors and researchers since 1882. In 2015, the Sheldon Museum announced a two-year alliance with Historic New England alliance, Our mission is to serve the public by preserving the historic memory of Addison County and neighboring communities, heightening the awareness and enjoyment of our rich cultural legacy, and stimulating the study of connections between Vermont’s past and broader historical themes. 1 Park St. Middlebury, VT 05753 802-388-2117 www.henrysheldonmuseum.org Approximately 5 minutes from the Middlebury Inn The Middlebury College Museum of Art is an integral educational and cultural component of Middlebury College whose mission is to enable visitors to understand more fully the artistic achievements represented by a diversity of cultures. Our collection of several thousand objects ranges from antiquities to contemporary art and includes distinguished collections of Asian art, Middlebury College Museum of Art is an integral educational and cultural component of Middlebury College whose mission is to enable visitors to understand more fully the artistic achievements represented by a diversity of cultures. Our collection of several thousand objects ranges from antiquities to contemporary art and includes distinguished collections of Asian art, photography, 19th- centrury European and American Sculpture, and contemporary prints. -
Historical Profile of the Great Slave Lake Area's Mixed European-Indian Ancestry Community
Historical Profile of the Great Slave Lake Area’s Mixed European-Indian Ancestry Community by Gwynneth Jones Research and & Aboriginal Law and Statistics Division Strategic Policy Group The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Justice Canada. i Table of Contents Abstract ii Author’s Biography iii I. Executive Summary iv II. Methodology/Introduction vi III. Narrative A. First Contact at Great Slave Lake, 1715 - 1800 1 B. Mixed-Ancestry Families in the Great Slave Lake Region to 1800 12 C. Fur Trade Post Life at 1800 19 D. Development of the Fur Trade and the First Mixed-Ancestry Generation, 1800 - 1820 25 E. Merger of the Fur Trade Companies and Changes in the Great Slave Lake Population, 1820 - 1830 37 F. Fur Trade Monopoly and the Arrival of the Missionaries, 1830 - 1890 62 G. Treaty, Traders and Gold, 1890 - 1900 88 H. Increased Presence and Regulations by Persons not of Indian/ Inuit/Mixed-Ancestry Descent, 1905 - 1950 102 IV. Discussion/Summary 119 V. Suggestions for Future Research 129 VI. References VII. Appendices Appendix A: Extracts of Selected Entries in Oblate Birth, Marriage and Death Registers Appendix B: Métis Scrip -- ArchiviaNet (Summaries of Genealogical Information on Métis Scrip Applications) VIII. Key Documents and Document Index (bound separately) Abstract With the Supreme Court of Canada decision in R. v. Powley [2003] 2 S.C.R., Métis were recognized as having an Aboriginal right to hunt for food as recognized under section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982. -
Boston Theatres Collection 1868-1919 Inventory
Boston Theatres Collection 1868-1919 Inventory A selection of late 19th and early 20th century theatre programs from Boston theatres, together with a scrapbook of programs from 1870-1881. 1 scrapbook; 8 files of loose programs; .08 linear metres File #1: Boston Museum* (1870-1881) – 6 items File #2: Boston Theatre* (1869-1883) – 47 items Includes performances by Mlle. Aimeé, Kitty Blanchard, Edwin Booth, Dion Boucicault, Kate Claxton, Charlotte Cushman, Clara Kellogg, Carlotta LeClercq, Frank Mayo, Maggie Mitchell, McKee Rankin, Lydia Thompson, Jennie Van Zandt, the Vokes Family. File #3: Castle Square (1901 and 1912) – 2 items File #4: The Globe* (1879-1880) – 12 items Includes performances by Charlotte Cushman, Carlotta LeClercq, Adelaide Neilson, C.H. Vandengoff. File #5: Howard Athenaeum* (1880) – 1 item File #6: Park Theatre (1881-1910) – 3 items File #7: Plymouth Theatre (1913 and 1919) – 3 items Includes performance of John and Lionel Barrymore. File #8: Selwyn’s (1868) – 1 item Performance of C.H. Vandenhoff Boston Theatres Collection Inventory Page 2 of 4 File #9: Scrapbook (1870-1875) – pages A-38 File#10: Scrapbook (1876-1881) – pages 39-75 Scrapbook includes performances by Mlle Aimée, Emma Albani, Sarah Bernhardt, Dion Boucicault, Charlotte Cushman, Fanny Davenport, Mr. & Mrs. Florence, Edwin Forrest, Haverly’s United Mastodon Minstrels, Mme. Janauschek, Joseph Jefferson, Clara Kellogg, Adelaide Neilson, Vittoria Potentini, George Rignold, Adelaide Ristori, Tommaso Salvini, Mme. Madeline Schiller, Emily Soldene, E.A. Sothern, Theatre Francais, Charlotte Thompson, J.L. Toole, C.H. Vandenhoff, Goerge Vandenhoff, Jennie Van Zandt, the Vokes Family, and Lester Wallack. *see also Scrapbook. The scrapbook and many of the early programs are the gift of Professor Donald Mullin, University of Guelph, 1985 Inventory: A.Goluska, Feb.