Fishladder: A Student Journal of Art and Volume 16 Article 32 Issue 1 Fifteenth Anniversary Edition

2018 Chapter 1: Anatomy and Physiology of the Mechanism & Features of the Human Body Liv Baker Grand Valley State University

Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/fishladder Part of the Nonfiction Commons

Recommended Citation Baker, Liv (2018) "Chapter 1: Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech Mechanism & Features of the Human Body," Fishladder: A Student Journal of Art and Writing: Vol. 16 : Iss. 1 , Article 32. Available at: https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/fishladder/vol16/iss1/32

This Nonfiction is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@GVSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fishladder: A Student Journal of Art and Writing by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@GVSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHAPTER 1: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SPEECH MECHANISM & FEATURES OF THE HUMAN BODY LIV BAKER

Learning Objectives

After this you will be able to:

1. Understand the basics of speech production and how it relates to the human body.

2. Contrast the various aspects of speech produtcion

INTRODUCTION The Respiratory System and The respiratory system consists of organs that function to expel carbon dioxide from the body through exhalation. It accomplishes this by taking in oxygen through the process of inhalation. Respiration is, simply, breathing. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 61 LIV BAKER Repeat to yourself: “there is good” three times. Notice how the moves as you produce produce you as moves the tongue how Notice times. three good” is “there yourself: to Repeat chapstick and the two polished stones I gave him as a child. His chapstick was for kissing— for was chapstick His a child. him as I gave stones polished the two and chapstick To practice: To /g/ sound. the /t/ and Then he raised his . I refilled my water at the fridge. I watched it happen. It felt tactful, plotted. I tactful,felt plotted. It happen. it watched atthe I fridge. water my refilled I voice. he raised his Then his eyes. I saw placemats. yellow on the cheeks, land mother’s my on appear flecks the spaghetti saw mute. was I fifteen, age see At mine. did not He chasms. black-olived Two (platonically), and my mother (platonically). I washed my plate slowly, careful so as not to stain my my stain to so not as careful slowly, plate my washed I (platonically). mother my and (platonically), flecks. spaghetti sleeves with sweatshirt sitting across from my mother, eating a full plate of spaghetti. He emptied onto the table a tube of of a tube the table onto emptied He spaghetti. of a full plate eating mother, my from across sitting Labello dry-cleaninghis lady probably friends his (platonically), of the wives (platonically), employees kissing then brought my plate to the kitchen. I needed to refill my water bottle, too. bottle, my water I needed refill to the kitchen. to plate my then brought was In fact,My father walkedeverything in. when I first them yelling hear seemednormal. I didn’t One night, my mother made spaghetti. I watched as she spooned dry noodles onto a plate, sloshed it it sloshed spooned dry she as a plate, noodles I watched onto spaghetti. made mother my night, One She flecks. chiggered in tiny covered were counters The parmesan. with sprinkled it sauce, red with Netflix, watched room, in my dinner my I ate read. the den to to retiring before wiped them up quickly do my homework, and sleep. My father would come home at 6:30 p.m. on his late nights and eat dinner dinner eat and nights late his on p.m. 6:30 at home come would father My sleep. and homework, do my mother. my with individuals became known as ‘mutes’ because they could no longer speak. because longer they no could ‘mutes’ as became known individuals Example 1.1 shower, eat, 5 pm, around home come I would in high track Every day, school. country and cross I ran The tongue is the major articulator in phonation. Some sounds produced by the tongue are /t/ and and /t/ are tongue by the produced sounds Some phonation. in articulator major is the tongue The in reference: To occur. cannot speech production it, Without muscle. of composed and active is It /g/. these a result, as and, family those the royal who betrayed from removed were medieval times, BODY THE TONGUE PORTIONS OF THE SPEECH MECHANISM & FEATURES OF THE HUMAN THE HUMAN OF & FEATURES MECHANISM THE SPEECH OF PORTIONS . There are those who say nothing. There are those who say too much. In In specialas cases—such much. aresay thosetoo who There nothing. those are who say There words. a thing. said speak, never those then who act let you if you as are father—there my We talk to communicate, to feel less alone. Our bodies were designed for this. Our speech is an important this. Our important speech Ouran designed is bodies for alone. less were feel to talk communicate, to We our wrists. against strikematches who like them words, spit who people are There are. aspect who we of few simple a other with upon each limbs our stack slowly who together, us back put who people are There THE IMPORTANCE OF SPEECH OF IMPORTANCE THE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 62 LIV BAKER buttered she I couldn't (when eatknew it); over everything obsessed ornaments. Christmas There is tennis drank collection; shoe wine solely at Church; cooked colossal amounts of spaghetti; overly wore alot of jeans;She asensible cheery; white was oddly woman Levi turtlenecks, with a sensible Massachusetts The following week, he announced his engagement. saidthatHe he had proposed over lobster in right? nineteen to tend to adying man Iwas not sure loved me most days. It’s what you dofor your parents, did. Was he supposed to now? At time, this he lived alone. Iwas going to have to dropout of schoolat and Iwept. We had not spoken inmonths truly he because didnot try. He didnot deplore it, either. I knowing that he slept inan empty home, knowing that he could diealone. Ifestered and Iwallowed There was myeloma multiple In late September of my sophomore year of college, my me. father He called was moribund. 1.3 Example are not always present and can go unnoticed for eight years. within bone marrow. grows Theplasma blood cancerous and spreadsthroughout body.the Symptoms cancer, too. Multiple myeloma is cancer plasma,of or blood the white cells. Plasma cells blood lives constantlyBlood circulates throughout It our bodies. keeps us alive. It has its own system. It has its own BLOOD it without touching your teeth. To practice: years. Even now, my father away takes her ability to speak. with filled rotthat tiny,this marbledcapsule was crumblingfrom within,that been forit had twenty large—buttoo she Nearly had beautiful teeth. twenty years later, herdentist new told her one tooth was for weeks. When he created for smile anew her, beautifulveneers. he added They werelarge—almost Dentists have power. My father once ahole through accidentally drilled her tongue. She could not speak chocolate icecream. Tetracycline ate away at her white marbled But, teeth. later on, she adentist. married My mother was very 1.2 Example to produce sound. Without we teeth, cannot speak. important for tongue the and . the They work seamlesslytogether and quickly The role in the of phonationteeth is more importantthan one might imagine. Theteeth provide an THE TEETH space Say “it was an accident” and notice your when tongue touches your Now, teeth. to say try while her granddaughter while playedthem. onbetween floor the He didn’t me need anymore. between us. Ifelt between guilty. Ifestered knowing that he ate microwaveable alone, meals . He said he was promised three months. sick as achild. She sat innetted tents went her friends while to school and ate Final stage ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 63 LIV BAKER . Skin hung from him like chicken boiled for broth. broth. boiled for chicken like him from hung . Skin anamorphic . However, when we produce voiceless sounds such as /h/, we can can /h/, we as such sounds voiceless produce when we . However, voiceless because they involve using both the upper and lower lips. lower and boththe upper using becausethey involve or voiced Bite your , wait for the coppered penny taste. penny the coppered for wait lip, your Bite Look at the purpled veins on your wrists. Think about the miracuality of living. miracualitythe about wrists. Think your on veins the purpled Look at bilabial sounds in various ways to determine the pitch of sounds. Based upon the vibration of these vocal folds, a these vocal of folds, Based the vibration sounds. upon of the pitch determine to ways in various be may sound them in production. still understand THE VOCAL FOLDS THE VOCAL together They vibrate sound. producing of main portions of the one are vocalor cords, vocal folds, The To practice: To his holed osseous matter. Maggots decayed his pale salmoned tongue. He moved with steel rods in his in his rods steel with moved He pale his tongue. salmoned decayed Maggots matter. osseous holed his speech was His the moon. on craters sockets like sunken deeply eyes beaded Clouded two from spine. pipes. old through rushing first water a dry of the sound sputter; By Christmas, my father was nearly nearly was father Christmas, my By from marrow cooked him—sucked ownrebelled against body His the bone. off falling right was He my father continued his chemo. At home, we drank pressed green juice and ate spaghetti. My mother mother My spaghetti. ate and juice green pressed drank we home, At chemo. his continued father my it. touched never He a kind . was it thought She father. my for broth chicken homemade made matter. gray and October red was walk soon to outside. too grew cold It As my father decayed, I did not eat, I did not sleep, I did not speak. My lips never parted. Moving was was Moving parted. never lips speak. My not did I sleep, not did I eat, not did I decayed, father my As exertion,eyeliner. satiation, implored nerves of bundle Mythat was a body sunglasses. wore I difficult. and ground tofell the and and died fire caught and changed leaves The a lot. home I went October, In him. I could not remember what he felt like when I hugged him. I hid under the table because I could because could I the table under hid I him. when hugged I like felt he what remember not could I him. see. not I could so head pounded hard My hours. twenty-four for I disappeared it. of outside breathe not Example 1.4 you if would you like just apartment; my in desk I hid under the dying, was my father heard I first When with time laughed I the last remember not could I maybe. a hurricane, expecting or earthquake, an were When producing English , the lips help to create varying sounds like /p, b, m/. These sounds m/. These sounds b, varying /p, like sounds create to help the lips phonemes, English producing When called are THE LIPS forkissing. are also speech. used They create to close accordingly and open to is purpose of lips The the To practice: To blood them now. between of the two ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 64 LIV BAKER too hard,too I was not sure it was not my father. However, coffin the toowas short for him. On top of it, Staring at a bronze-glossed coffin gives the impression that anyone be inside.could IfIdid think not in half. contained her feet and contained which her head. It was asick Iwaited magic trick; for her sawed to be At fourbehind burial, the I stood green velvet chairs. I could not distinguish side which of coffin the chance could we What be. still he didnot say was that alive, he was still despite it all. me for coming. He told me he wished that she and he said Icould it have like there closer; was a been had grayed. There was color washing away inhis cheeks. His physicality astounded me. thankedHe dayOn the of burial, the my father asked me how my car He was running. had put on weight; his hair she never returned. Ididnot of distance. think the that Iknew she loved me. Army on way the home. Iwent for lunch. The sun was not shining. Idid not think about the phone calls my grandmother. Iwore sunglasses. Ihad breakfast. thick-rimmed Iburiedher. Istopped at Salvation The weekend the of Idroveburial, hometwo and hourshalf forthe forty-minute ceremony. I honored I saw her she was riding passenger front inthe of car. asmall We were never close. We went for sushi. died. father for a Nearly a year later, my grandmother away. passed I received an invitation text via message from my 1.6 Example simultaneously. As aresult, we when swallow, we feel like we are swallowing alump inour throats. to stop breathing intensely. so There is an internal conflict going on as weopen glottisand the constrict oftenbecause we likefeel we are about to cry. To suppress glottiswe constrictthe in crying, an attempt allowsThis for more oxygen to enter your . However,when you that feel lump in yourthroat, it is As aresult, your works body to expand your ability to receive oxygen—therefore, opening your The feeling of a lump in yourthroat causedis by your autonomic systemnervous beingtriggered by stress. THE how /h/sound understood, the is eventhough still it was produced voicelessly. To practice: flushed himdownthe toilet—a properfuneral. and vibrant. There was no warningthat my little fish die.would I woketoday up and he was gone. I morning: this died he floated fromup beneath his pineapplecave, eyesclear, his still fresh body still his We are capable also of loving voiceless things, things that cannot that speak, donot breathe. My goldfish 1.5 Example

There was visitation,no funeral, no no closure, just her and a shovelful The last time thatof dirt. graveside burial graveside Say aloud: “Had I known that he was dying, what would I have done differently?” Notice . He forgot to tell me she was sick. He forgot to tell my brother she had glottis . ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 65 LIV BAKER with . peach-colored stone peach-colored stone . . I so think One for cancer and one from the government the from one and cancer for One . . Married . I do not know her last name last her know not I do Yes I do not know not I do Read something sad. Wait for the lump. for Wait sad. Read something Is your father’s wife part of his insurance plan? plan? insurance his part of wife father’s your Is What is your father’s address? address? father’s your is What name? wife’s father’s your is What What insurance plan does your father have? have? father does your plan insurance What card? insurance Can I see your ask me questions: questions: me ask status? marital father’s your is What Example 1.7 they care, urgent At breathe. cannot and up I wake father, my with fight last the Several after mornings The lungs are the driving energy force for the production of speech. Without the lungs, sound production production lungs, sound the Without speech. of production the for energy force driving the are lungs The the up, built pressure Without them. within system pressure the from results This be impossible. would sound. produce to vibrate or move cannot vocal folds THE LUNGS throat grows, still. grows, throat practice: To white daisies kissed her goodbye. kissed goodbye. her daisies white my in lump The pressure. of release air—a of expulsion an laugh, her hear I can enough, think I hard If tried to not think about the inevitable: that the next time I attend a funeral it will be his. My father took took father willfuneral a it be My his. time I attend the next that the inevitable: thinktried about not to of layer a restingbeneath feetfive below, coffin grandmother’s my of pictures of a bouquet dirt and of shovelfuls Two him, too. to do that to remember to note I took top. on a cross As they lowered her into the ground, I spoke with a woman from the funeral home about my school and and school my about the funeral home from a woman with spoke I the ground, into her they lowered As I either. not I were and grandmother my that close, never I were and father my her friends.told I my blonde hair; two pebbled, brunette, boring eyes veiled by folds of wrinkles; wrists,several her of golden on folds veiled eyes by boring brunette, hair; pebbled, two blonde she Was distress. determination, dereliction, by down worn beauty was She Egyptian-esque bangles. heels? wear to woman the of kind was raining. raining. was cold folded arms adamantine tired with chamber burnished bronzed, her inside her I tried picture to anorexic- abbreviated, her cartons; crushed cigarette like deflated lungs tarred two chest; her across there was an oddly-shaped bouquet of flowers and a twenty-four-square-foot pile of dirt next to us. It us. dirtto of next pile a twenty-four-square-foot and flowers of bouquet oddly-shaped an was there ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 66 LIV BAKER less than asecond.what This is asthma feels like, butsecondsthe growing keep shorter and shorter. To practice: says that fear the of abandonment grows strong, so of attack the victim the nearly strangles themselves. My mom says that asthma attacks happen feels unloved victim the when or abandoned by someone. She andI sleep and Isleep Isleep. When Iwake, cannot Istill speak. hours. Take apill. back to sleep. Go through Isleep day, the through my father’s texts, my mother’s calls. aside-effect the be of medicine.cannot I breathe,cannot I but speak, can I sleep. four Iwake every up When Iget home, my Ilose voice. are rushing to my head. father is he because doesn’t care about how Iam, that he blames The vasodilators me for everything. asks me what Idid. Itell himasthma is not something Ican control. Itell reason himthe he is abad father to tell himabout charge the to his insurance. Itell himI’m having another asthma attack. He lights down beam on me. They thereflect off see is I mechanicalorange All walls. sunshine. I text my on my back and chest.give Iexhale. Iinhale. They me medicine. It makes Theme high. fluorescent me take to isthey larger. There aretwo doctors now. One is up hands coldmy shirt, metallic pressing no, not since Iwas alittle kid. She my takes pressure. blood She asks me how Iam. The tall next room breaths Itell her Icannot breathe. She asks me jar of cotton One jar ofballs. Q-tips. The in flowerednurse under pressure. There are windows.no There three are large monitors. Twelve pens in one cup. One The firsttake room back me white-walled they to is andpaper Thesterile. sanitary the on crinkles chair Can you breathe? 2. Contrast various the of production? uses speech 1. Receive various the anatomical portions of production speech and relation their to human the body? After reading thissection are you able to: Objectives Learning Hold your breath for as long as possible. Inhale for one second. Inhale again, but for alittle No, stop asking me questions He taking is my voice from me again .

if asthma has always aproblem been for me. Itell her

scrubs asks me whatscrubs is wrong. In-between . Thesaidthat doctor thiscan ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 67 LIV BAKER something like a Sarcophagus like something cancer of the blood of plasma cancer some family/friends and a coffin, no funeral, novisitation no funeral, a coffin, and family/friends some the state with the big question mark question the big with the state being distorted; the state parents are never expected never be to in are parents the state being distorted; inspiration and expiration and inspiration the production of sound of the production a category of sound that is produced, but not heard, unless combined with other voiced phonemes voiced other with unless combined heard, not but produced, is that sound of a category gooey German chapstick a category of sound that is heard is that sound of a category the between space the vocal folds often a form of protection between two people protection of form a often my mother was allergic to nearly everything (eggs, chocolate, shellfish, dust, tree nuts) and, as a result, spent spent result, as a and, nuts) tree dust, shellfish, everything allergic nearly was to (eggs, chocolate, mother my voiceless - voiceless voiced - most of her childhood drugged on antibiotics in bed childhood her of drugged antibiotics most on space - respiration - respiration sick - peach colored stone - peach colored stone - phonation Massachusetts - Massachusetts Multiple - Myeloma graveside burial - labello - glottis - glottis GLOSSARY - anamorphic