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Relatives of Temperate Fruits) of the Book Series, "Wild Crop Relatives: Genetic, Genomic and Breeding Resources Ed C
Volume 6 (Relatives of Temperate Fruits) of the book series, "Wild Crop Relatives: Genetic, Genomic and Breeding Resources ed C. Kole 2011 p179-197 9 Rubus J. Graham* and M. Woodhead Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The Rosaceae family consists of around 3, 000 species of which 500 belong to the genus Rubus. Ploidy levels range from diploid to dodecaploid with a genomic number of 7, and members can be difficult to classify into distinct species due to hybridization and apomixes. Species are distributed widely across Asia, Europe, North and South America with the center of diversity now considered to be in China, where there are 250-700 species of Rubus depending on the taxonomists. Rubus species are an important horticultural source of income and labor being produced for the fresh and processing markets for their health benefits. Blackberries and raspberries have a relatively short history of less than a century as cultivated crops that have been enhanced through plant breeding and they are only a few generations removed from their wild progenitor species. Rubus sp. are typically found as early colonizers of disturbed sites such as pastures, along forest edges, in forest clearings and along roadsides. Blackberries are typically much more tolerant of drought, flooding and high temperatures, while red raspberries are more tolerant of cold winters. Additionally, they exhibit vigorous vegetative reproduction by either tip layering or root suckering, permitting Rubus genotypes to cover large areas. The attractiveness of the fruits to frugivores, especially birds, means that seed dispersal can be widespread with the result that Rubus genotypes can very easily be spread to new sites and are very effective, high-speed invaders. -
Comparative Genome Mapping of the Rosaceae
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Comparative Genome Mapping of the Rosaceae A thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Molecular Genetics and Genomics Institute of Molecular BioSciences Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand Jill M. Bushakra 2012 ABSTRACT Comparative genome mapping uses genetic map and DNA sequence alignment to assess genome conservation between two or more organisms. This study makes use of the recent genome sequence availability of four Rosaceae genera, and the development of new, and the expansion of existing, linkage maps to: 1) explore overall genome synteny between apple and strawberry; 2) assess homology between, and the degree of ancestral genome rearrangement among, four genera; and 3) compare genome synteny with respect to the production of anthocyanins between raspberry and strawberry. The inter-tribal comparison of the genomes of apple and diploid strawberry, conducted by adding 56 newly developed orthologous markers to existing linkage maps, identified 21 regions of genomic synteny between the linkage groups of apple and strawberry. In addition, this work identified two each of potential translocations, inversions and insertions, and provided a set of orthologous markers that will be useful for orienting and anchoring other Rosaceae genome sequences. Orthologous- and other DNA sequence-based markers were used in the construction of new linkage maps for Rubus occidentalis 96395S1 and R. -
Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta)
4.2 LISTA DAS PLANTAS VASCULARES (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta) LIST OF VASCULAR PLANTS (Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta) Autores (Authors) Luís Silva1, Nuno Pinto,1 Bob Press2, Fred Rumsey2, Mark Carine2, Sally Henderson2 & Erik Sjögren3 1 Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, PT 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal. e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]. 2 Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]. 3 University of Uppsala. Evolutionary Biology Centre. Department of Plant Ecology. Villavagen, 14. SE-752 36 Sweden. e-mail: [email protected]. 131 Notas explicativas Explanatory notes A lista das plantas vasculares dos Açores é baseada The list of the Azorean vascular plants is based em toda a literatura conhecida, incluindo as refe- on all known published literature, including older rências mais antigas (i.e. Seubert & Hochstetter references (i.e. Seubert & Hochstetter 1843; 1843; Trelease 1897; Palhinha 1966), a Flora Trelease 1897; Palhinha 1966), the Flora Europaea Europaea (Tutin et al. 1964-1980), as publicações (Tutin et al. 1964-1980), the publications by de Franco (1971, 1984), Franco & Afonso (1994, Franco (1971, 1984) and Franco & Afonso (1994, 1998) e ainda em publicações mais recentes, em 1998), and also more recent publications, namely particular, as de Schäfer (2002, 2003). those from Schäfer (2002, 2003). No que diz respeito aos dados não publicados, Unpublished data were also used, namely from foram usadas várias fontes, nomeadamente os re- records at the Natural History Museum, and from gistos do Museu de História Natural e ainda obser- field observations (Silva 2001). -
Checklist Da Flora De Portugal (Continental, Açores E Madeira)
Checklist da Flora de Portugal (Continental, Açores e Madeira). Coordenação: M. Menezes de Sequeira, D. Espírito-Santo, C. Aguiar, J. Capelo & J. Honrado Autores da Revisão (por ordem alfabética): António Maria Luis Crespi, DEBA, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, [email protected] António Xavier Pereira Coutinho, Departamento de Botânica - Universidade de Coimbra, [email protected] Carlos Aguiar, Departamento de Biologia e Biotecnologia, Escola Superior Agrária de Bragança, Bragança, Escola Superior Agrária de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-855 Bragança [email protected] Carlos Neto, CBAA - Centro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura e Centro de Estudo Geográficos da Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território, Ed. da Fac. Letras, Alameda da Universidade, 1600-214 Lisboa, [email protected] Carlos Pinto-Gomes, Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 – Évora, [email protected] Dalila Espírito Santo, CBAA - Centro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura e Departamento dos Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território, Inst. Sup. Agronomia, Lisboa, [email protected] Eduardo Dias, Universidade dos Açores - Campus de Angra do Heroísmo, Terra-Chã, 9701-851 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal, [email protected] João Almeida, Departamento de Botânica, faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra. Portugal. [email protected] João Honrado, CIBIO-Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos and Depto de Botânica da Faculdade de Ciências, Univ. do Porto. Edifício FC4, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, PT–4169-007 Porto, [email protected] Jorge Capelo, CBAA - Centro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura e USPF, L-INIA, INRB, I.P. -
Estudio De Las Comunidades De Zarzas De Las Islas Macaronésicas: Biodiversidad Y Conservación
Estudio de las comunidades de zarzas de las islas Macaronésicas: biodiversidad y conservación Vicente Orellana, J.A.1, Fernández de Castro, C.1, Linares Perea, E.2 & Galán de Mera, A.1 1- Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Laboratorio de Botánica. Ap. 67, E-28660 Boadilla del Monte (Madrid, España). [email protected] 2- Estudios Fitogeográficos del Perú, Sánchez Cerro 219, Manuel Prado, Paucarpata, Arequipa, Perú. RESUMEN Los zarzales son comunidades de espinosas, generalmente de ambientes pre-forestales, que engloban una alta diversidad florística y valor en la conservación de especies. Proporcionan refugio tanto a animales como a los plantones jóvenes, y alimento en época de verano, tan crítica para algunas especies, tanto locales como migratorias. Sin embargo, para el hombre a veces estos valores pasan desapercibidos, siendo estas comunidades objeto constante de eliminación sistemática mediante fuegos, rozas y herbicidas. Tras unos años de estudio, en este trabajo presentamos la síntesis de las comunidades de zarzales en las islas Macaronésicas. Se presentan las especies endémicas que habitan estas islas, y se describe tanto la composición florística de las comunidades que forman como su dinamismo, así como algunos aspectos interesantes de su conservación. Palabras clave: Islas Azores, Islas Canarias, Macaronesia, Madeira, Rubus, vegetación, zarzales. INTRODUCCIÓN Las Islas Macaronésicas (también conocidas como Islas Afortunadas) es un conjunto de archipiélagos que se localizan en la fachada oriental del Océano Atlántico, frente a las costas de la Península Ibérica y Norte de África. Comprende el Archipiélago de las Azores, Madeira, Canarias, Salvajes y Cabo Verde (entre los 38º30’N-28º00’O de Azores y los 16º30’N-25º00’O de Cabo verde), perteneciendo a las jurisdicciones de Portugal, España y República de Cabo Verde. -
Towards a More Holistic Research Approach to Plant Conservation: the Case of Rare Plants on Oceanic Islands
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CGSpace Research Article SPECIAL ISSUE: Island Plant Biology—Celebrating Carlquist’s Legacy Towards a more holistic research approach to plant conservation: the case of rare plants on oceanic islands Luı´s Silva1*, Elisabete Furtado Dias1, Julie Sardos2, Eduardo Brito Azevedo3, Hanno Schaefer4 and Mo´nica Moura1 1 InBIO, Rede de Investigac¸a˜o em Biodiversidade, Laborato´rio Associado, CIBO, Centro de Investigac¸a˜o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gene´ticos, Polo-Ac¸ores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Ac¸ores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Ac¸ores, Portugal 2 Bioversity-France, Parc Scientifique Agropolis II, 34397 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 3 Research Center for Climate, Meteorology and Global Change (CMMG - CITA-A), Departamento de Cieˆncias Agra´rias, Universidade dos Ac¸ores, Angra do Heroı´smo, Ac¸ores, Portugal 4 Plant Biodiversity Research, Technische Universita¨tMu¨nchen, D-85354 Freising, Germany Received: 5 February 2015; Accepted: 1 June 2015; Published: 11 June 2015 Guest Editor: Christoph Kueffer Citation: Silva L, Dias EF, Sardos J, Azevedo EB, Schaefer H, Moura M. 2015. Towards a more holistic research approach to plant conservation: the case of rare plants on oceanic islands. AoB PLANTS 7: plv066; doi:10.1093/aobpla/plv066 Abstract. Research dedicated to rare endemic plants is usually focused on one given aspect. However, holistic stud- ies, addressing several key issues, might be more useful, supporting management programmes while unravelling basic knowledge about ecological and population-level processes. A more comprehensive approach to research is proposed, encompassing: phylogenetics/systematics, pollination biology and seed dispersal, propagation, population genetics, species distribution models (SDMs), threats and monitoring. -
The Case of Plant-Insect Pollinating Networks
Universidade dos Açores Doutoramento em Gestão Interdisciplinar da Paisagem Biodiversity conservation in island protected areas: the case of plant-insect pollinating networks Orientador: Professor Doutor Paulo Alexandre Vieira Borges Co- orientador: Professor Doutor François Rigal Doutoranda: Ana Luísa Coderniz Picanço Angra do Heroísmo 2018 “Biological diversity must be treated more seriously as a global resource, to be indexed, used, and above all, preserved. (…) The biological diversity most threatened is also the least explored, and there is no prospect at the moment that the scientific task will be completed before a large fraction of the species vanish.” E. O. Wilson (1988) Biodiversity (p. 3, 3) “The role of scientists is to collect data and transform them into understanding. (…) However, going from data to understanding is a multi-step process.” Schimel (2012) Writing Science (p. 11) Agradecimentos O trabalho desenvolvido para a realização desta tese, não teria sido possível sem a preciosa ajuda de muitas, muitas pessoas, às quais quero dizer obrigada. Em primeiro lugar, ao Prof. Paulo Alexandre Vieira Borges, não só pelo empenho e dedicação como orientador, como também pela fé, confiança e optimismo que depositou em mim ao longo do doutoramento. E, ao meu co- orientador Dr. François Rigal: -“Incroyable, c’est déjà fini. C’été seulement possible grâce à toi aussi. Un grand et gros merci beaucoup”. Aos colaboradores e co-autores Dr. Artur Gil, Dr. Pedro Cardoso, Dr. Thomas J. Matthews, Prof. Jens M. Olesen muito obrigada por todos os vossos contributos, desde o simples comentário ou opinião até à análise mais complexa, permitiram-me realizar esta tese. -
Conservation of Oceanic Island Floras Present and Future Global Challenges
ARTICLE IN PRESS Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 12 (2010) 107–129 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics journal homepage: www.elsevier.de/ppees Review Conservation of oceanic island floras: Present and future global challenges Juli Caujape´-Castells a,n, Alan Tye b, Daniel J. Crawford c, Arnoldo Santos-Guerra d, Ann Sakai e, Katy Beaver f, Wolfram Lobin g, F.B. Vincent Florens h,i,Mo´ nica Moura j, Roberto Jardim k, Isildo Go´ mes l, Christoph Kueffer m a Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardı´n Bota´nico Canario ‘‘Viera y Clavijo’’, Ap. de correos 14 de Tafira Alta, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain b Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme, PO Box 240, Apia, Samoa c Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and the Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA d Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, C. Retama 2, 38400 Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain e Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 321 Steinhaus Hall, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA f Plant Conservation Action Group, P O Box 392, Victoria, Mahe´, Seychelles g Botanische Garten¨ der Universitat¨ Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 171, D-53115 Bonn, Germany h UMR PVBMT, Faculte´ des Sciences et Technologies, Universite´ de la Re´union, 15 avenue Rene´ Cassin, BP 7151, 97715 St Denis, La Re´union, France i Department of Biosciences, University -
Vascular Plants on Pico Island (Azores) Transect
Arquipelago - Life and Marine Sciences ISSN: 0873-4704 Long–term monitoring across elevational gradients (II): vascular plants on Pico Island (Azores) transect COELHO, M.C.M., R.B. ELIAS, J. KLUGE, F. PEREIRA, D.S.G. HENRIQUES, S.C. ARANDA, P.A.V. BORGES, C. AH-PENG & R. GABRIEL Coelho, M.C.M., R.B. Elias, J. Kluge, F. Pereira, D.S.G. Henriques, S.C. Aranda, P.A.V. Borges, C. Ah-Peng & R. Gabriel 2016. Long–term monitoring across elevational gradients (II): vascular plants on Pico Island (Azores) transect. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences 33: 21 – 44. Pico Island remains one of the last remnants of natural vegetation in the Azores, including the largest natural protected area; nevertheless, habitat change and the spread of exotic plants are visible, especially in those areas where human presence prevails. Currently, the lowlands are vastly occupied by pastures dominated by exotic herbs/grasses and most for- ests are dominated by Pittosporum undulatum. This paper aims to: i) review previous bo- tanical studies related to elevational gradients; ii) investigate vascular plants composition and abundance in native vegetation, following an elevational transect (from 10 to 2200 m); and iii) investigate some patterns of the recorded diversity and distribution of vascular plants. Methodology follows a standardized protocol with observations in 100 m2 plots. A total of 88 species were recorded, representing 35% of the indigenous but only 5% of the exotic species previously known from Pico. The richest areas were found between 600 and 1000 m and the areas with the lowest proportion of indigenous species occurred between 1800 and 2200 m. -
Long-Term Monitoring Across Elevational Gradients to Assess Ecological Hypothesis: a Description of Standardized Sampling Methods in Oceanic Islands and First Results
Arquipelago -‐‑ Life and Marine Sciences ISSN: 0873-‐‑4704 Long-‐‑term monitoring across elevational gradients to assess ecological hypothesis: a description of standardized sampling methods in oceanic islands and first results ROSALINA G ABRIEL, M.M.C. COELHO, D.S.G. HENRIQUES, P.A.V. BORGES, R.B. ELIAS, J. KLUGE & C. AH-‐‑PENG Gabriel, R., M.M.C. Coelho, D.S.G. Henriques, P.A.V. Borges, R.B. Elias, J. Kluge & C. Ah-Peng 2014. Long-term monitoring across elevational gradients to assess ecological hypothesis: a description of standardized sampling methods in oceanic islands and first results. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences 31: 45-67. We are launching a long-term study to characterize the biodiversity at different elevations in several Azorean Islands. Our aim is to use the Azores as a model archipelago to answer the fundamental question of what generates and maintains the global spatial heterogeneity of diversity in islands and to be able to understand the dynamics of change across time. An extensive, standardized sampling protocol was applied in most of the remnant forest fragments of five Azorean Islands. Fieldwork followed BRYOLAT methodology for the collection of bryophytes, ferns and other vascular plant species. A modified version of the BALA protocol was used for arthropods. A total of 70 plots (10 m x 10 m) are already established in five islands (Flores, Pico, São Jorge, Terceira and São Miguel), all respecting an elevation step of 200 m, resulting in 24 stations examined in Pico, 12 in Terceira, 10 in Flores, 12 in São Miguel and 12 in São Jorge. -
Endemic Vascular Plants of the Azores: an Updated List
Hoppea, Denkschr. Regensb. Bot. Ges. 66, Schönfelder-Festschrift (2005): 275-283 Endemic Vascular Plants of the Azores: an Updated List by Hanno Schäfer , München Address of the author: Dr. Hanno Schäfer, LMU Munich, Systematic Botany, Menzinger Str. 67, D-80638 München, E-Mail: [email protected] 276 H. Schäfer Summary: Based on field data obtained between 1998 and 2001 and all available literature, we present an updated list of the endemic taxa of vascular plants of the Azores archipelago includ- ing distribution, habitat and estimated population size. Of the 197 indigenous species of the Azorean flora, 70 species, i. e. 35.5 %, are classified as endemic. Half of these taxa are wide- spread and common, 25 % are endangered and three may be extinct. Key words: Azores; flora; endemics. Zusammenfassung: Auf der Grundlage von im Zeitraum 1998-2001 gesammelten Verbrei- tungsdaten und unter Berücksichtigung sämtlicher zugänglicher Literatur wurde eine aktuelle Liste der endemischen Farn- und Blütenpflanzen der Azoren mit Angaben zu Verbreitung, Habi- tat und geschätztem Gesamtbestand erarbeitet. Von den 197 indigenen Arten der Azorenflora wurden 70, also 35.5 %, als Azorenendemiten eingestuft. Die Hälfte davon ist weit verbreitet und häufig, ein Viertel gefährdet und drei sind verschollen. 1. Introduction The Azores archipelago is composed of nine volcanic islands, colonised in the early 15th century. It is located in the Northern Atlantic Ocean close to the middle- Atlantic ridge with a distance of more than 1 000 km to the American and the European coast. The native flora of the Azores is very poor in species in comparison to the in- digenous flora of the closest neighbouring archipelagos: Madeira and the Canaries. -
Fingerprinting and Genetic Stability of Rubus Using Molecular Markers
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Nina Rosa F. Castillo for the degree of Master of Science in Plant Physiology presented on September 13, 2006. Title: Fingerprinting and Genetic Stability of Rubus Using Molecular Markers Abstract approved: _____________________________________________________ Barbara M. Reed Two studies used DNA markers to assess their usefulness in germplasm identification and evaluation of genetic stability in four cryopreserved Rubus accessions that were stored for over 10 years in liquid nitrogen. In the first study, 12 robust Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were developed from two microsatellite-enriched libraries of ‘Meeker’ raspberry and ‘Marion’ blackberry. Of the 70 and 78 SSR-containing sequences identified, four SSR markers were obtained from the ‘Meeker’ library and eight from that of ‘Marion’. These twelve genomic SSRs and one Expressed Sequence Tag- (EST)-SSR designed from an (AT)6- containing R. idaeus sequence (AF292369) from Genbank were used for fingerprinting 48 raspberry and 48 blackberry cultivars stored at the Repository. The SSR markers developed in Rubus were highly polymorphic. Twelve SSRs generated 96 alleles in raspberries and 177 in blackberries. These markers distinguished between the raspberries and blackberries except in ‘Logan’ and ‘Boysen’ clones. Neighbor Joining cluster analysis based on the proportion of shared allele distance using 13 SSRs separated the cultivars into two main groups: the raspberries and the blackberries. Hybrid berries and cultivars with uncommon ancestry grouped separately from the two major groups. The raspberry and blackberry groups were further divided according to their pedigrees. In the second study, two types of markers, SSRs and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP) were used to evaluate genetic fidelity of regrown cryopreserved Rubus shoot tips stored for 12 years in liquid nitrogen.