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Special Events Contingency Planning Special Events Contingency Planning Job Aids Manual March 2005 FEMA IS-15: Special Events Contingency Planning Job Aids Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ..................................................................................... 1 Introduction Preface ....................................................................................................... 1 Background ................................................................................................. 2 Scope ......................................................................................................... 3 Synopsis ..................................................................................................... 4 Chapter Overviews........................................................................................ 4 Chapter 1: Pre-Event Planning Introduction.............................................................................................. 1-1 Definition of Special Event and Mass Gathering .............................................. 1-1 Planning Meetings for Special Events/Mass Gatherings .................................... 1-2 The Planning Process.................................................................................. 1-3 State and Federal Roles in Terrorism Incident Prevention ................................ 1-4 Crowd Types ............................................................................................. 1-9 Crowd Composition .................................................................................. 1-10 Crowd Catalysts ...................................................................................... 1-11 Critical Crowd Densities ............................................................................ 1-11 Crowd Throughput Capacities .................................................................... 1-12 Chapter 2: Event Operational Considerations Introduction.............................................................................................. 2-1 Hazard Analysis......................................................................................... 2-1 Contingency Plans ..................................................................................... 2-4 Structural Matters...................................................................................... 2-5 High-Profile/Controversial Events ................................................................. 2-9 Spectator Management and Crowd Control .................................................. 2-10 Traffic and Transportation ......................................................................... 2-16 Public Health........................................................................................... 2-21 Medical Care ........................................................................................... 2-34 Guide to the Provision of Medical Aid .......................................................... 2-40 Environmental Concerns ........................................................................... 2-44 Aircraft................................................................................................... 2-46 Camping ................................................................................................ 2-46 Hazardous Materials (HazMat) ................................................................... 2-47 Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosive (CBRNE)....................... 2-48 Chemical ................................................................................................ 2-49 Biological................................................................................................ 2-50 Radiological ............................................................................................ 2-50 Nuclear .................................................................................................. 2-50 March 2005 Page i IS-15: Special Events Contingency Planning Job Aids Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Chapter 2: Event Operational Considerations (Continued) Explosives .............................................................................................. 2-51 Electrical Utility Coordination Requirements................................................. 2-54 Fire Safety.............................................................................................. 2-54 Communications Systems ......................................................................... 2-55 Rumor Control......................................................................................... 2-57 Occupational Health and Safety ................................................................. 2-57 Alcohol, Drugs, and Weapons .................................................................... 2-58 Security ................................................................................................. 2-59 Lost-Child and “Meet Me” Locations ............................................................ 2-62 Information Center .................................................................................. 2-63 Plan for “Murphy’s Law”............................................................................ 2-63 Chapter 3: Incident Command and Control Introduction.............................................................................................. 3-1 Incident Command System (ICS)................................................................. 3-1 Roles and Expectation ................................................................................ 3-4 Incidents Occurring During a Special Event ................................................... 3-9 Transfer of Command............................................................................... 3-10 Unified Command .................................................................................... 3-11 Unified Command Organization.................................................................. 3-12 Multi-agency Coordination Systems ............................................................ 3-13 Public Information Systems....................................................................... 3-16 Federal and State Resources ..................................................................... 3-23 Chapter 4: Additional Planning Considerations for Specific Events Introduction.............................................................................................. 4-1 Power Boat Races and Similar Aquatic Events ................................................ 4-1 Automobile and Similar Races...................................................................... 4-2 Air Shows and Displays .............................................................................. 4-5 Fireworks and Pyrotechnics ......................................................................... 4-6 Laser Displays........................................................................................... 4-7 Spontaneous Events................................................................................... 4-7 Events Involving Pre-Teen and Early Teen Audiences ...................................... 4-8 Page ii March 2005 IS-15: Special Events Contingency Planning Job Aids Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Chapter 5: Post-Event Actions Introduction.............................................................................................. 5-1 Demobilization .......................................................................................... 5-1 Post-Event Analysis Meeting........................................................................ 5-1 After-Action Report .................................................................................... 5-2 Appendix A: Job Aids Appendix B: References and Bibliography Appendix C: Glossary of Terms March 2005 Page iii IS-15: Special Events Contingency Planning Job Aids Manual ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following agencies are gratefully acknowledged for their input to this manual: Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA National Fire Academy Virginia Department of Health New York State Police City of Keene Police Department, New Hampshire Sarasota Fire Department, Florida Washington, DC Fire and EMS Department Miami-Dade Office of Emergency Management, Fire-Rescue Department, Florida Cabin John Park Volunteer Fire Department, Maryland Marion County Emergency Management, Indiana Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency Weber County Emergency Management, Utah Washington D.C. Office of Emergency Preparedness Utah Division of Comprehensive Emergency Management Columbia South Carolina Public Works American Public Works Association Acknowledgement is also made of the manual, Safe and Healthy Mass Gatherings: A Health, Medical and Safety Planning Manual for Public Events, prepared by Emergency Management Australia, and of the paper, Emergency Preparedness Guidelines for Mass, Crowd-Intensive Events, prepared for Emergency Preparedness Canada by James A. Hanna, M. SC. March 2005 Page 1 INTRODUCTION IS-15: Special Events Contingency Planning Job Aids Manual PREFACE The purpose of this manual is the prevention of injury, suffering, or death that may occur as a result of poor planning or preventable incidents at public events. This manual is intended to provide guidance for the management of risks associated with conducting events that involve mass gatherings of people and assist planners and organizers in making such events safe and successful. 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