Best Practices of Watershed Programme in Nagaland
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BEST PRACTICES OF WATERSHED PROGRAMME IN NAGALAND Presentation by : Shri. Hoto Yeptho, Additional CEO, SLNA-IWMP & Additional Director, Department of Land Resources, Nagaland : Kohima. NAGALAND AT GLANCE . Location : Extreme NE region of India . Geographical Area : 16,579 Sq. Km. Population : 2 millions . Density of population : 120 per sq. km. People : 16 major tribes, each having their own distinctive dialect, custom and traditions . Literacy Rate : 80.11% (2011 census) . Districts : 11 . No. of Blocks : 52 . Climate : Sub-tropical to sub-temperate . Annual Rainfall : 2000 mm – 2500 mm . Altitude :200 to 3800 meters . 82% of the population live in villages. 92% of land owned by community & individuals. Only about 5% are landless . Govt. owns only 7% of the total area. Per Capita Income : Rs. 21,434 (2011 census) . Rich in biodiversity but severely degrading . The state is faced with constraint of bio-physical and socio- economic problems. • 75% of Nagas live on subsistence jhum cultivation • An average farmer cultivates a jhum field for two consecutive years • More than 15 crops are cultivated in a single jhumfield • Average jhum cycle is 6-8 years Freshly cut jhumland at Chuchuyimlang village, Mokokchung district, Nagaland, Jan. 2013. 26°’” N, 94°’” E • Jhumming has become unsustainable under increasing population pressure and shorter rotations • Jhumming aggravates soil erosion due to denudation of the surface and exposure to all the weather elements. Burning of Jhumland at Gaili village, Peren district, Nagaland, April 2013 25°’” N, 93°’” E • Most families are unable to produce sufficient food to meet their food requirements . Thus strategy is not to change the system but to find solution within the system. Jhum field exposed to elements at Akuk village, Wokha district, Nagaland, June 2014 26°’” N, 94°’” E THREE BEST PRACTICES . Plantation activities . Near-Realtime Online GIS-Based Monitoring . Economic Earthen Kitchen PLANTATION AS A KEY ACTIVITY FOR WATERSHED TREATMENT – BEST PRACTICE . REASONS High dependence on jhumming Hilly terrain High rainfall Unstable land Vegetative cover quotient Act as natural barrier to arrest soil erosion . Plantation as a natural choice of the people Provides economic as well as environmental benefit MAIN PLANTATIONS: . Plantation crops (Rubber, Tea, Arecanut, Sugarcane) . Trees (Having both commercial as well as environmental benefit) . Horticultural crops (Orange, Passion fruit, Pineapple, Banana) SUBSIDIARY CROPS ALONG WITH PLANTATION: • Medicinal & Aromatic Plants (MAP) • Spice crops • Pisciculture • Beekeeping STRATEGY ADOPTED . Plantation programmes in sync with the current jhum system . Integrating cash crops under the plantations for sustenance . Bringing convergence with other schemes for sustainable development . Linking them to market . Making it a permanent Turmeric intercropped with rubber plantation at settled agriculture Dungki village, Peren district, Nagaland, October 2012 25°’” N, 93°’” E Rubber Plantation of IWMP project at Lamhai-Dungki Village, Peren District on 13th Feb 2014. 25°39’26” N, 93°43’35” E Top left & right : Rubber Plantation at Chungtia Village, IWDP Mokokchung-II Bottom right: Rubber sheet roller & Smoke house 26°’” N, 94°’” E Rubber sheet being sun-dried at Chungtia Village, IWDP Mokokchung-II Name of the farmer : Mr. Lokokwati Ao. 26°’” N, 94°’” E Above : Sugarcane planting at Tetheyu vill. Under IWMP Kiphire-III, Batch-II 25°48’44” N, 94°48’40” E Bottom : Juice extraction at Old Jalukie under IWMP Peren-II Batch-I 25°34’31” N, 93°42’59” E Top left : Ginger plantation at Ndunglwa village, IWMP Peren-III, Batch-II , 25°34’37” N, 93°46’49” E Top right : Cardamom plantation at Tichipami village under IWMP Zunheboto-VI, Batch-III 26°11’14”N 94°35’09”E Left : Freshly harvested Cardamom capsules Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAP) : Sugandhmantri (Homalomena Aromatica sp.) Above pic: Matured rhizomes Below pic: Sugandhmantri plantation at Loukhon village, Mon district. 27°01’08”N 95°10’58”E Beekeeping in orange Plantations, Chingmei Village , IWDP Tuensang-IV 26°14’19” N, 94°55’56” E Near-Real time Online GIS Monitoring Nature and diversity of works executed under the Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP) in Nagaland speaks out the magnitude and complexities involved in the management. Monitoring and decision making becomes very critical Inadequate and age old information and communication infrastructure a challenging task to management Initiated use of Geospatial and related technologies to develop suitable web-based GIS solution for watersheds of Nagaland . Development of Near-real time online GIS monitoring is an internet-based decision-support system. Near-Real time Online GIS Monitoring (Contd): Methodology: Methodology Methodology : Methodology : Methodology : WebGIS Application: Best Practice . Effective tool for monitoring and evaluation: Now by using this application all project details upto work site level can be collected from the field using PDAs. The data from the PDAs provide photos with lat long details and date which can serve as before after pictures. It also provides financial details of the project. Decision support and Planning: This application is decision support system (DSS) integrated in a geographical information system (GIS) for the analysis and evaluation of the different projects under IWMP. The objective of the tool is to assist all the stake holders of IWMP projects to enhance efficiency while implementing various activities . All the delineated watersheds can be viewed anytime anywhere by the users along with the field data which they have captured using PDAs. EARTHEN ECONOMIC KITCHEN HEARTH (An innovation of IWMP) • Estimated that a Naga family burns about 4 MT of fuelwood per family per annum in their kitchen hearth • State as a whole 1.5 million MT of fuelwood is consumed annually • Valued at Rs.450 crores annually. • Cuts down about 2 million trees annually • Not only drains heavily into State’s economy but causes severe Indigenous type of Kitchen environmental degradation • As a measure to mitigate the effect, EARTHEN ECONOMIC KITCHEN HEARTH (An innovation of IWMP) • Introduced compulsorily, an Earthen Economic Kitchen in all IWMP villages • As a fuel saving and climate smart device • A simple and cheap device constructed with locally available material • Emits stronger heat thus reduces cooking time • Hygienic and produces minimal smoke • Saves fuel by 40 % This simple initiative will save fuelwood Earthen Economic Kitchen • worth Rs.200 crores and save about 1 million standing trees annually. • Thus save money, forest and conserves our environment. For everything that has happened, there are so much that has not. It is hoped that Watershed program will continue to be the growth engine for sustainable development of Jhumlands in Nagaland THANK YOU .