Never Stand Still Faculty of Medicine National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research

NATIONAL CENTRE IN HIV EPIDEMIOLOGY & CLINICAL RESEARCH

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 contents

Foreword 1 Research programs 2 Research studies 7

Surveillance National surveillance co-ordination and information dissemination 7 Disease surveillance 8 Behavioural surveillance 11 Linkage studies 12 Reviews, analyses and mathematical modelling 12

Clinical research HIV: antiretroviral therapy 13 Viral hepatitis 18 Sexually transmissible infections 20 Clinical public health 20 Diagnostics 22

Epidemiological research Prevention 23 Social, behavioural and cultural research 24 Collaborative projects with Sydney Sexual Health Centre 27 Clinical epidemiology 28 Infection-related cancer 28

Laboratory research Immunopathogenesis and correlates of immunity research 30 Laboratory service and support 31 Assay development 32 Development of new therapeutic modalities 32 Translational research: host 32 Translational research: viral 33 Therapeutic research 34 Co-infection 34

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health 35

International health Asia-Pacific region 38 Cambodia 39 China 40 Europe 40 40 40 41 Vietnam 41

Commissioned reviews 42 Biostatistics and database support 43

Advisory committees 44 External boards, committees and advisory groups 49 Staff and affiliated researchers 53 Students and student supervision 57 Collaborating organisations 60 Disclosure of financial relationships and consulting 66 Funding 67 Research grants 70 Conference presentations and posters 71 Publications 80 Index of studies 89 foreword The National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Substantial work has continued on the collaboration between Research had an excellent year in 2010, with a pleasing our organisation and the Universities of Melbourne, Adelaide result from our grant applications to the National Health and and Western which started last year as the result Medical Research Council, and other infrastructure support. of an NHMRC program grant for a program titled HIV and HCV Vaccines and Immunopathogenesis. The five-year grant In particular we note funding grants such as an NHMRC addresses the development of vaccines and better treatments Partnership Grant for the Enhancing Treatment of Hepatitis C for HIV and hepatitis C and brings together a team of Opiate Substitution Settings study (ETHOS) and an NHMRC researchers with skills in basic virology and immunology with Project Grant to investigate resistance to antivirals in acute those providing expertise in translational lab work. HCV; an NHMRC Program Grant in sexually transmissible infections, which funded an expansion of the activities of We also look ahead to the 25th anniversary in 2011 of the the Biostatistics and Database Program, in particular the establishment of Australia’s three National Centres of HIV collection of data concerning trends in STI diagnoses in HIV- Research, a bold step by the Federal Government in the face positive patients; NHMRC Project Grants for very promising of the emerging pandemic. Of course, over the years, the work concerning transcriptional silencing of HIV-1 and for work of this National Centre has broadened considerably the investigation of memory CD4 T-cells that harbour latent from our HIV base, and we are proud to apply the lessons HIV infection, as well as an ARC Linkage grant for in vivo from HIV to a broad range of infectious diseases, particularly molecular imaging. viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible diseases.

Major studies have opened and others have closed. After The National Centre’s achievements can in part be measured much anticipation we were pleased to see SECOND-LINE by the achievements of our staff in the lists of publications study commence recruitment in 49 sites across 18 countries; and presentations and other measures of professional and the CORAL and Encore2 studies were completed and recognition noted in this annual report. I thank all of them for presented at national and international meetings. The START their contribution, and I also thank the Faculty of Medicine pilot phase of enrolment was completed in mid 2010. As a at The University of for its continuing consequence of achieving this key milestone, the Division of support for our work. AIDS at the US NIAID announced in September that the study would proceed into the definitive phase, with the number of sites globally being tripled in order to achieve the target enrolment of 4000 participants before the end of 2012.

The CONNECT project, an NHMRC-funded study of the social norms regarding HIV/STI risk and risk reduction behaviours among MSM, also began in 2010, while the DAVID COOPER SPARTAC trial, the largest randomised trial conducted at primary HIV infection, was successfully completed. 2010 saw the start of the STRIVE study, a collaboration between three of the National Centre’s ten research groups in which an intervention of a sexual health quality improvement program is being rolled out in a clustered randomised community trial in remote communities in Far North , and the . Research programs and program heads

For almost 25 years, the National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical many of the 51 sites across five continents involved in the Encore1, Research has continued to expand the scope of its research, endeavouring a study of a reduced dose versus the standard dose of efavirenz. A to provide new information to in the prevention and treatment of protocol amendment allowed inclusion of dried blood spots for analysis HIV/AIDS, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections. of efavirenz concentrations and HIV viral load, vitamin D monitoring and Led by Professor David Cooper, NCHECR has a leading presence in mid-interval monitoring of efavirenz pharmacokinetics within the main Australia coupled with a very strong and increasing presence in South protocol, as well as intensive pharmacokinetics and CNS sub-studies. East Asia. HIV continues to be a catastrophic issue for our South East In February 2010, the ALTAIR CNS sub-study was presented at the Asian neighbours and sub-Saharan Africa. Australia’s national interest CROI conference in San Francisco and both data from the primary is served where it intervenes in health issues in its region by leading in analysis to week 48 and the CNS effects of study treatment were developing and delivering solutions. published in Clinical Infectious Diseases. In October, four ALTAIR-related presentations were made at the ASHM conference and the ALTAIR The Director study continued to an extended week 144 visit. Professor David A. Cooper AO FAA has been the primary driver behind the success of the The START pilot phase of enrolment was completed in mid 2010. As a National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical consequence of achieving this key milestone, Division of AIDS, NIAID, Research since its inception in 1986. Professor announced in September 2010 that that study would proceed into Cooper is one of the world’s most eminent and the definitive phase, which is now proceeding with the number of sites respected HIV clinical scientists. In addition to his globally being tripled in order to achieve the target enrolment of 4000 enormous clinical experience Professor Cooper is widely recognised for participants before the end of 2012. In addition, the MARCH study his contributions to the field in HIV immunology and infectious diseases. contracts between UNSW and Pfizer/ViiV Healthcare were agreed in This is further exemplified by his role in supporting the disciplines of principle in October 2010. virological, immunological, pharmacological and neurological research Professor Sean Emery is head of the Therapeutic in one organisation. He has assembled a world class research team and Vaccine Research Program. He has been at at NCHECR that influences and supports activities globally through NCHECR for 17 years and is a recognised expert in extensive national, regional and international collaborations. HIV therapeutic research and the design, conduct and reporting of clinical trials.

The Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Program The Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Program (TVRP) conducts a The Biostatistical and Database Program range of clinical trials designed to assess the effectiveness of new HIV The Biostatistics and Databases Program has a collaborative therapies or candidate vaccines. These studies often provide not just biostatistical research role across many of the NCHECR’s programs biomedical data, but also evidence of the impact of policy practice and activities. This includes ensuring the statistical design and analysis and therapeutic guidelines in both resource-rich and resource-limited of clinical trials and epidemiological studies are to appropriate settings. TVRP staff provide leadership through the program’s role as international standards. The program also develops traditional CRF and an International Co-ordinating Centre for the INSIGHT network, a major web-based databases, for research studies and national surveillance international collaboration for the conduct of large clinical endpoint activities. strategic trials in HIV disease which has more than 300 sites in 30 In addition to collaborative activities with other programs, the program countries. has independent research activities in a number of areas. First, the After much anticipation the SECOND-LINE study commenced program leads a number of large, observational cohort studies. These recruitment in 2010. This clinical trial was designed to investigate include adult HIV cohorts in Australia and Asia, paediatric HIV cohorts the safety and efficacy of ritonavir-boosted lopinavir and 2-3N(t)RTI in Asia, and an adult HCV cohort in Australia. These studies aim to backbone in participants virologically failing first-line therapy. The assess treatment and outcomes in HIV and HCV disease. Second, the study is being conducted in 49 sites across 18 countries. By December, program has an active mathematical modelling group. This group is 166 participants were randomised across 13 countries, with 42 sites largely focused on transmission, and interventions aimed at preventing open. It is planned for the study to be fully recruited by Q3 2011. CORAL transmission, of certain sexually transmissible infections, including HPV, was completed and presented at national and international meetings. gonorrhoea and chlamydia. Third, the program has an active interest in Encore2, a randomised pharmacokinetic study of a reduced dose versus linkage studies, including linkage of HIV, HBV, HCV and cohort studies standard dose 3TC in HIV-negative volunteers, was completed in May to hospitalisation, cancer and death registries. These linkage studies 2010. Encore3, a study of the safety and pharmacokinetics of three describe longer term outcomes and epidemiological patterns. different doses of lopinavir/ritonavir in HIV-negative volunteers was Highlights of 2010 in the Biostatistics Program include NHMRC completed in January. Data were analysed and an abstract presented in program grant funding in sexually transmissible infections, which November in Glasgow Kingdom. commenced in 2010. This funded expansion of BDP activities, in Progress was made in achieving ethical and regulatory approvals at particular the collection of STI data in the Australian HIV Observational

2 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Database to allow trends in STI diagnoses in HIV-positive patients Professor Andrew Grulich heads the HIV to be investigated. Other points of note are the development of Epidemiology and Prevention Program with a mathematical models of HPV transmission which were then applied focus on cohort studies in at risk populations to investigate the role of vaccinating young males in addition to the linked to behavioural investigations. These current vaccination policy in Australia of vaccinating young females. types of research are central to the evaluation of The models underpinned a submission by CSL Pty Ltd for public biomedical preventions strategies such as vaccines, funding of an expanded vaccination schedule to include young males. microbicides and chemoprophylaxis. Professor A prominent journal, the European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention Grulich is also a world authority on the serious emerging issue of cancer and Rehabilitation, published our cardiovascular disease prediction in HIV. Andrew has been at NCHECR for 17 years. equation based on data from the D:A:D Study (see Publications section). A risk equation specifically for HIV-positive patients will improve of cardiovascular risk assessment in this group, and improve patient The Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program management and outcomes. The Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program (IVPP) was formed head of the Biostatistics Professor Matthew Law, in 2005, resulting from the amalgamation of the Laboratory Support Program, has been at the NCHECR for 17 years. His and Primary HIV Infection Research Programs. The group works very group plays a key support role to other academic closely with the Immunovirology group at the St Vincent’s Centre for programs but has also developed its own areas of Applied Medical Research. The activities of the IVPP can be divided responsibility through co-ordination of national and into three categories. A substantial proportion of laboratory-based international observational databases. activity is directed towards providing routine or semi-routine laboratory support essential for the successful conduct of clinical trials and epidemiological studies conducted by NCHECR, through specimen processing and conduct of specialised immunological and virological The HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program assays. These include immunogenicity assays for vaccine trials. The The HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program (HEPP) conducts second component is the conduct of clinical trials and natural history research into the transmission and prevention of HIV and sexually studies in pathogenically informative populations of patients with HIV- transmissible infections (STIs), and on the natural history of HIV. Our infection such as those identified with primary infection and long term work is multidisciplinary and collaborative. We work in partnership with non-progressors. Finally, senior scientists and academics within the communities most affected by HIV, particularly the gay community and program are responsible for their own research projects on pathogenesis those people living with HIV. We work across the spectrum of biomedical, and development of therapeutics. behavioural and structural prevention, because effective HIV prevention Immunopathogenesis work currently relates to CD4 T-cell function acknowledges the complexities of everyday life for at-risk communities. Our in early HIV infection and in natural controllers of the disease. Novel work includes behavioural risk surveillance, studies of risk behaviour, and methodologies for the characterisation of antigen-specific T cells and studies of use of biomedical preventive interventions. Researchers in HEPP T regulatory cell have been established allowing the functional and conduct a range of work on the intersection of infection, immunity and molecular characterisation of these difficult to study cells. These novel cancer to inform our knowledge of how we might prevent cancer in people methodologies have substantial implications for the understanding with HIV. A particular focus is the prevention of anal cancer in gay men. of the immunopathogenesis of a range of infections apart from HIV Highlights of 2010 for the HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program infection, including Hepatitis C and autoimmune diseases. It has include the commencement of the NHMRC funded CONNECT project. also allowed us to gain insights into the location of reservoirs of HIV CONNECT is the short title for the NHMRC funded study Social norms infections. The effect of early therapeutic intervention with integrase regarding HIV/STI risk and risk reduction behaviours among men who inhibitors and other anti-retroviral regimens on these reservoirs is one have sex with men in Australia. Program head Professor Andrew Grulich of the major current focuses within the laboratory. was awarded the prize for best overall presentation in epidemiology 2010 saw the IVPP successfully complete the SPARTAC trial, the and public health at the 26th International Papilloma virus conference largest randomised trial conducted at primary HIV infection as well as in Montreal for a presentation entitled A national outcome for the PriRIS and TBox40 studies. IVPP commenced an NHMRC project quadrivalent HPV vaccination: declining rates of genital warts in grant titled siRNA induced transcriptional silencing of HIV-1: Elucidating Australia (see Presentations section). In 2010, the program co-convened the mechanisms and exploring options for delivery as well as an ARC a workshop entitled Treat ASIA symposium on Cancer and HIV in the Linkage grant: In vivo molecular imaging using engineered affinity Asia-Pacific and launched the PASH (Pleasure and Sexual Health) report reagents and fluorescent laser scanning confocal endomicroscopy. The on the national study of gay men’s beliefs about HIV and risk. Program program was awarded an additional NHMRC project grant: Antigen staff members also had a successful year: Patrick McGrath was awarded specificity and function of memory CD4 T cells that harbour latent HIV best presentation in Theme C (prevention) at the AHSM conference infection. Two back-to-back publications were accepted in the Journal of in Sydney, and Dr Mary Poynten was awarded her PhD for her thesis Immunology, which define the determinants of late escape in HLA-B27 Behavioural and biological aspects of HIV prevention. long term non-progressors.

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 3 Professor Tony Kelleher is head of the The Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and Prevention Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, and Program works closely at a laboratory level with colleagues The Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and Prevention Program strives from SVH. This program gives lab support across to conduct multidisciplinary public health research that is ethical, the organisation, as well as conducting world- innovative and makes a difference. We are proud of, and committed class research, presently focussed on the design to, working in partnership with affected communities in Australia and and development of novel assays, and the study internationally to achieve our goals. Key aims of the program are to of micro RNAs, fine mapping of T-cell fn, and the transcriptional gene initiate and undertake epidemiological, social and behavioural research silencing of HIV by siRNA. examining viral hepatitis and public health issues associated with drug use and risk behaviour; design and implement trials of behavioural The Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program and biomedical prevention interventions designed to prevent viral hepatitis and other infectious diseases in vulnerable populations; The Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program was formed in 2003 and to conduct and support surveillance activities including monitoring is a rapidly expanding area of clinical research and development within trends in blood-borne virus incidence, prevalence and risk behaviour the NCHECR. The program focuses on therapeutic research in viral hepatitis and the activities of the program can be divided in to 3 main among people who inject drugs; to translate research outcomes into areas. Clinical research including clinical trials forms the main part of the evidence-based public health practice; and to build capacity for research, program’s work. The second component is the recently established viral surveillance and harm reduction within Australia and the region through hepatitis sample repository, HepBank, for molecular virology research. the provision of training and technical assistance. The third component is epidemiological research through data linkage Highlights of 2010 for VHEPP include the 16th annual Australian Needle studies and mathematical modelling. and Syringe Program Survey (ANSPS), Australia’s internationally recognised Particular areas of interest for the program are the natural history of surveillance system for monitoring the prevalence of anti-HIV and HCV and newly acquired Hepatitis C (HCV) and treatment of acute and chronic associated risk factors among people who inject drugs. A special 16 year HCV particularly in the setting of injection drug use. The program also report summarising data from 1995 to 2010 will be published in 2011. has a strong interest in HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV coinfection. Further, a In 2010. recruitment to the NHMRC-funded Hepatitis Acceptability and recent focus on HCV reinfection, superinfection and protective immunity Vaccine Incentives Trial (HAVIT), a two-arm randomised trial examining has seen the expansion of laboratory based viral hepatitis research. The the efficacy of financial incentives in increasing hepatitis B immunisation Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program liaises with all other programs completion in people who inject drugs was completed. During the year, within the NCHECR, as well as with hepatologists, infectious disease recruitment and follow-up continued for the Hepatitis Incidence and physicians and primary care networks nationwide. Transmission Study – community (HITS-c), a prospective observational study Future aims of the program include continuing to design and coordinate of anti-HCV negative people who inject drugs. Initially funded under the multi-centre clinical research trials in viral hepatitis and the expansion UNSW Hepatitis C Vaccine Initiative, the cohort is now funded by NHMRC of the research networks in Australia, Asia and internationally. as part of a program of HCV Vaccine preparedness research. Additionally, an expansion of the sample repository and molecular Papers published by VHEPP staff and students included a 15 year virological research is planned. review of HIV surveillance among people who inject drugs in AIDS, a 2010 brought an NHMRC Partnership Grant award for the Enhancing paper in the British Medical Journal on the impact of opiate substitution Treatment of Hepatitis C Opiate Substitution Settings study (ETHOS) treatment on survival and long term injecting cessation, and a review and enrolment of 216 of 500 subjects. In addition, the National of the challenges and opportunities of conducting candidate HCV Institute of Drug Abuse R01 awarded the program a renewal grant for vaccine trials with people who inject drugs in Vaccine (see Publications the Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C study (ATAHC) (see Research section). International projects in 2010 included a longitudinal study studies). A further NHMRC Project Grant was awarded to evaluate of Culture and HIV Prevention in Cambodia, examining the social naturally occurring resistance to Direct Acting Antiviral drugs in acute and environmental influences on injection drug use conducted with hepatitis C. The program oversaw an expansion of the viral hepatitis collaborators at the British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS laboratory research program, including collaborations with several in Vancouver, and an ARC-funded cluster randomised trial of non- internationally renowned research groups; and there was a publication pharmaceutical protection against influenza in Vietnam in collaboration in Hepatology on the role of Interleukin-28B (IL28B) genotype in with the School of Public Health and Community Medicine at UNSW. recent HCV infection. Professor Lisa Maher is head of the Viral Professor Greg Dore heads the Viral Hepatitis Hepatitis Epidemiology and Prevention Program. Clinical Research Program that investigates new Professor Maher conducts ethnographic, treatments for people infected with hepatitis B epidemiological and clinical research on drug use or C and particularly those co-infected with HIV and related harms and studies of interventions in which the hepatic complications represent a designed to prevent infectious diseases in significant co-morbidity. He has been at NCHECR vulnerable populations, including people who for more than 16 years. inject drugs (PWID) and female sex workers.

4 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 The Surveillance and Evaluation Program for Public Syphilis Action Plan and the release of reports on Mapping HIV Health outcomes: geographical and clinical forecasts of numbers of people living with HIV in Australia and evaluation of HIV in . The Surveillance and Evaluation Program for Public Health (SEPPH) In addition, an epidemiological and economic model for evaluating monitors the pattern of transmission of HIV, viral hepatitis, and specific prevention and treatment strategies for responding to hepatitis C sexually transmissible infections in Australia, assesses past and epidemics was developed. expected epidemic trends, and evaluates the epidemiological impact and cost-effectiveness of public health intervention strategies and Associate Professor David Wilson, head of the programs. SEPPH also evaluates HIV epidemics and develops research Surveillance and Epidemiology Program for capacity in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Public Health, has presided over a restructure Surveillance activities are conducted in collaboration with the Australian and expansion of our surveillance work in the Commonwealth Government Department of Health and Ageing, State few short years since he joined us. His program and Territory health authorities and collaborating networks. Analyses and has extended its standing monitoring of HIV, interpretation of recent trends in new diagnoses of HIV, viral hepatitis viral hepatitis, and specific sexually transmissible and STIs, and estimates of prevalence and incidence in key population infections to the assessment of past and expected epidemic trends, and subgroups are published in our Annual Surveillance Report. Public release evaluates the epidemiological impact and cost-effectiveness of public datasets on new HIV and AIDS diagnoses are also available for download. health strategies. SEPPH, of the National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, is a collaborating unit of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. SEPPH carries out extensive mathematical modelling research in order to evaluate public health programs, understand drivers of epidemic trends, The Sexual Health Program project future epidemic trajectories, and assess the potential impact of The Sexual Health Program leads and participates in research into the public health strategies. This research is focused on HIV, viral hepatitis, and epidemiology, surveillance, microbiology, clinical management, and sexually transmissible infections in Australian populations and on HIV/AIDS prevention of sexually transmissible infections (STIs); including, but in the Southeast Asia and Pacific region. This evaluation is often extended not limited to, chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrhoea, human papillomavirus to health economic analyses of different programs or interventions. SEPPH infection, herpes simplex virus infection, and HIV infection. Our program is also involved in building research capacity in the areas of epidemiology, is also involved in research into the behaviour and sexual health of biostatistics, mathematical modelling, and other biomedical research priority populations for STI control such as youth, gay men, sex workers, associated with HIV/AIDS in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Aboriginal people, prisoners, and travellers. 2010 saw the release of the Surveillance Reports, including the The Sexual Health Program works closely with several other programs fourteenth annual review of available surveillance data pertaining to the within the Kirby Institute. The program also collaborates with a occurrence of HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections national network of 25 specialist sexual health services; research in Australia, and the fourth annual Bloodborne viral and sexually laboratories in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and PNG; the School transmitted infections in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: of Population Health at the University of Melbourne; the Burnet Surveillance and Evaluation Report. Institute in Melbourne; and the Menzies School of Health Research. Surveillance activities broadened with commencing analyses for the first Methodologies used in the program’s research range from descriptive surveillance report on transfusion transmissible infections in Australia epidemiology with novel analytical techniques, molecular epidemiology, in collaboration with the Australian Red Cross Blood Service. Cross- enhanced surveillance strategies, data linkage studies, social and program contributions including the establishment of the National behavioural research, test evaluations, detecting antimicrobial Trachoma Surveillance and Reporting Unit at UNSW and development resistance, evaluating and improving health care delivery, legal and of the National BBV and STI Surveillance and Monitoring Plan, as well policy research, anthropology, and biomedical prevention. as the conduct of modelling and acceptability studies of HIV in NSW. In November, the program published the first report of a national In 2010, SEPPH also organised the NSW HIV and STIs surveillance decline in genital warts in young women resulting from the national forum and think tank for around 70 participants at the Australia HPV vaccination program that was launched in 2007. The article, which Technology Park. Internationally, SEPPH broadened in scope and attracted national and international interest, also found a decline in influence in the evaluation of HIV epidemics working closely with the genital warts amongst heterosexual men, thought to be a result of herd Vietnam Administration for AIDS Control and the Ministry of Health immunity; there was no significant decline among older women and in China. SEPPH has also been developing country-specific models for men who have sex with men. , Cambodia and Papua New Guinea for the interpretation of The Law and Sexworker Health (LASH) team, led by Basil Donovan, public health surveillance data. The program’s experience evaluating the published a report on The Sex Industry in Western Australia. Funded cost-effectiveness of blood-borne viruses in Australia has been applied by the WA Department of Health, the report, which made extensive to collaborate with 13 countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. recommendations for law reform and enhanced health promotion for Major Australian modelling and evaluation activities included the sex workers, resulted in a review of the WA legislative response to dissemination of recommendations from the National Gay Men’s prostitution as well as health services for sex workers.

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 5 The ACCESS (Australian collaboration for chlamydia enhanced sentinel sexually transmitted infections in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander surveillance) project produced its first of several reports. The ACCESS people: Surveillance and Evaluation Report. In addition, two major project comprises six separate clinical networks and a laboratory studies began in Queensland: one of HBV in the Torres Strait Islands and network, each providing unique information on testing uptake and the other aiming to recruit 300 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander positivity for chlamydia in a range of priority populations such as young people who inject drugs. During 2010, Australia’s largest randomised heterosexuals, men who have sex with men, Aboriginal and Torres Strait cluster trial ever to be conducted in Aboriginal health, named STRIVE, Islander people, pregnant women and sex workers. completed baseline prevalence studies for bacterial STI in 67 remote After years of planning, the ACCEPt (Australian Chlamydia control communities and first-year sites were initiated to the intervention arm. effectiveness pilot) project finally began recruiting towns for this Work progressed through 2010 in SHIMMER, a quality improvement community-cluster randomised trial of intensified chlamydia screening. project in Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services in NSW; In 2010 further funding was granted by the NHMRC to continue the REACCH, a Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Aboriginal trial to its endpoint of reduced chlamydia prevalence. The ACCEPt trial Community Controlled Health, and GOANNA, a national survey of is led by A/Prof Jane Hocking at the University of Melbourne with input young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people regarding STI and from several NCHECR programs. BBV knowledge risk behaviour and health service access (see Research Professor Basil Donovan, head of the Sexual Programs). The program was also awarded an NHMRC Project Grant Health Program, has spent decades working to trial the use, effectiveness and feasibility of STI point of care tests in in every aspect of sexual health. His program remote Aboriginal communities. undertakes research and surveillance designed to Mr James Ward, head of the Aboriginal and inform strategies to reduce the impact of sexually Torres Strait Islander Health Program, brings to transmissible infections (STIs) and HIV, and to this recently created program many years of conduct trials to directly reduce the impact of STIs. experience in indigenous health. His program works collaboratively across sectors to address the disparity in health outcomes for indigenous peoples in prevention and treatment of sexually The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health transmitted infections and blood-borne viruses, through research, Program surveillance, capacity building and information dissemination. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Program was established in 2007. The program works collaboratively across sectors to close the gap in health disparity between Aboriginal and Torres Strait The Public Health Interventions Research Group Islander and non-Indigenous people, with a key focus upon sexual health and blood borne viruses. The particular objective of the program The Public Health Interventions Research Group undertakes a diverse is to enhance the capacity of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander range of projects that focus on the evaluation of strategies to prevent communities in responding to STIs, HIV and viral hepatitis. infectious disease. We collaborate extensively, both within NCHECR The program has four main domains of activity that aim to increase the and externally, and emphasise research that benefits the health of level of Sexual Health and BBV knowledge within Aboriginal and Torres disadvantaged populations in Australia and the Asia-Pacific Region. Strait Islander communities: Much of our work also has a strong capacity building component. The • Research: To conduct research in partnership with Aboriginal and group is currently involved in projects related to the control of HIV, Torres Strait Islander communities in the areas of STIs, HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections, viral hepatitis, , scabies other BBVs; and trachoma. Countries of activity include Australia, Papua Guinea, • Surveillance: To support existing surveillance activities and to identify Indonesia, Cambodia and Fiji. innovative new areas and methods of surveillance that will benefit 2010 saw the start of the STRIVE program, in collaboration with Sexual Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities; Health and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Programs. Two • Capacity Building: To work with existing health services to enhance new post doctoral fellows joined PHIRG and the group was successful in the capacity of existing systems and workforces in the areas of sexual its bid to host the 2012 International Microbicides Conference. PHIRG health and BBV service delivery; research; and surveillance; was also awarded the contract to develop the new national trachoma • Information dissemination through the development of a unit with SEPPH and ATSI programs; and we undertook a formal comprehensive clearinghouse of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander collaboration with Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research Sexual Health initiatives including surveillance and research. with Andrew Vallely being posted in Goroka. The program works closely with the National Aboriginal Community Professor John Kaldor is an NHMRC senior Controlled Health Organisation, its State and Territory based Affiliate principal research fellow who is committed to organisations and Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services to the NCHECR’s work in biomedical prevention. make a difference to the health of indigenous communities. Professor Kaldor has been at NCHECR for two 2010 saw the release of the fourth annual Bloodborne viral and decades.

6 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Surveillance

Status: Ongoing Report was published for the fourteenth National surveillance Personnel: Ann McDonald, Melanie Middleton, successive year. co-ordination and Keira Robinson, Libby Topp, Handan Wand, Personnel: Ann McDonald, Melanie Middleton, information dissemination Basil Donovan, John Kaldor, David Wilson Libby Topp, Handan Wand, David Wilson Collaborators: State and Territory health Collaborators: State and Territory health authorities; Department authorities; Australian Paediatric Surveillance Support for national surveillance of Health and Ageing; Australian Paediatric Unit; Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; committees Surveillance Unit; Australian Institute of networks involved in surveillance for HIV, viral Ongoing monitoring of new diagnoses of Health and Welfare; networks involved in hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections. HIV infection, viral hepatitis and sexually surveillance for HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually Funding: Commonwealth Department of transmissible infections in Australia was transmissible infections. Health and Ageing co-ordinated by the National Blood Borne Funding: Commonwealth Department of Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program Viruses and Sexually Transmissible Infections Health and Ageing for Public Health Surveillance Committee during 2010. The role Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program of the Committee is to develop new initiatives in for Public Health case surveillance, new analyses of surveillance Australian HIV Surveillance Report data, standardise surveillance procedures The Australian HIV Surveillance Report across State and Territory health jurisdictions HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually provides quarterly updates on the number of and facilitate feedback of surveillance outputs. transmissible infections in Australia new diagnoses of HIV infection and estimates The Communicable Diseases Network Annual Surveillance Report of HIV incidence and prevalence through a Australia, of which the NBBV&STI Surveillance Detailed analyses and interpretations of network of sexual health clinics. Committee is a sub-committee, commenced national surveillance data on HIV, viral hepatitis Status: Ongoing. The Australian HIV a review of its membership and the role of and sexually transmissible infections are Surveillance Report, in its current format, has its sub-committees to ensure that CDNA’s published in HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually been published each quarter from July 1990. objectives are informed by the best advice and transmissible infections in Australia Annual Personnel: Ann McDonald, Melanie Middleton that the work of the sub-committees reflects Surveillance Report 2010. Collaborators: State and Territory health current CDNA priorities. Status: Ongoing. The Annual Surveillance authorities; Australian Paediatric Surveillance

Members of the Surveillance and Evaluation Program for Public Health

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 7 Unit; Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program Funding: Commonwealth Department of networks involved in surveillance for HIV, viral for Public Health Health and Ageing hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program Funding: Commonwealth Department of for Public Health Health and Ageing Disease surveillance Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program for Public Health Monitoring perinatal exposure to HIV Surveillance for HIV The extent and outcome of perinatal exposure to HIV in Australiais monitored to indicate the Monitoring cases of AIDS rate of and risk factors for mother-to-child HIV Bloodborne viral and sexually The past pattern of HIV transmission, the transmission, the impact of interventions for transmitted infections in Aboriginal and pattern of illness associated with advanced reducing the risk of perinatal HIV transmission Torres Strait Islander People: Surveillance HIV immunodeficiency and the impact of and HIV prevalence among women of child- Report 2010 antiretroviral treatment on the pattern of illness While the pattern of diagnosis of HIV, viral bearing age. is monitored through national AIDS surveillance. hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections Status: Ongoing Status: Ongoing. A case for denotification in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Ann McDonald of AIDS has been made by the national Personnel: population is reported in the Annual State and Territory health bloodborne viral and STI surveillance Collaborators: Surveillance Report, more detailed analyses authorities; Australian Paediatric Surveillance committee. Until AIDS is denotified its and interpretations of national surveillance monitoring is ongoing. Unit; Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; data for these infections were published networks involved in surveillance for HIV, viral Personnel: Ann McDonald, Melanie Middleton separately in a single comprehensive report, for hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections Collaborators: State and Territory health use by organisations and individuals with an authorities; Australian Paediatric Surveillance Funding: Commonwealth Department of interest in the health of Aboriginal and Torres Unit; Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; Health and Ageing Strait Islander people. networks involved in surveillance for HIV, viral Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program Status: Ongoing. The fourth issue of hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections for Public Health Bloodborne viral and sexually transmitted Funding: Commonwealth Department of infections in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Health and Ageing Monitoring long-term outcome of newly Islander People: Surveillance Report 2010 was Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program acquired HIV infection released in October 2010. for Public Health Personnel: James Ward, Simon Graham, Ann The long-term outcome of HIV infection is McDonald, Melanie Middleton monitored among cases with a known date of Collaborators: State and Territory health Monitoring cases of newly diagnosed HIV acquisition. authorities; Australian Paediatric Surveillance HIV infection Status: Ongoing Unit; Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; The pattern of HIV transmission is monitored Personnel: Ann McDonald networks involved in surveillance for HIV, viral through national surveillance for newly Collaborators: State and Territory health hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections. diagnosed HIV infection. authorities; Australian Institute of Health and Funding: Commonwealth Department of Status: Ongoing Welfare; networks involved in surveillance for Health and Ageing Personnel: Ann McDonald, Melanie Middleton, HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program David Wilson infections for Public Health Collaborators: State and Territory health Funding: Commonwealth Department of authorities; Australian Paediatric Surveillance Health and Ageing Unit; Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program Merging HIV and AIDS registries networks involved in surveillance for HIV, viral for Public Health Status: Ongoing, to be finished by June 2011. hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections Personnel: Tarana Lucky, Ann McDonald, Funding: Commonwealth Department of Melanie Middleton, Handan Wand, David Wilson Health and Ageing Monitoring HIV transmission through Funding: DoHA, ARC Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program specialised tests for incident HIV infection Specialised tests for diagnosing incident HIV Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program for Public Health for Public Health infection are evaluated by comparison with the results of national surveillance for newly Monitoring diagnoses of newly acquired acquired HIV infection. Australian Red Cross Blood Bank HIV infection Status: Ongoing Surveillance Diagnoses of newly acquired HIV infection Personnel: Ann McDonald Status: Ongoing. The first annual report on are monitored to provide an indication of the Collaborators: NSW State Reference Laboratory Australian blood donors’ surveillance to be current pattern of HIV transmission in Australia. for HIV; State and Territory health authorities; published by June 2011 Status: Ongoing Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; Personnel: David Wilson, John Kaldor, Clive Personnel: Ann McDonald networks involved in surveillance for HIV, viral Seed, Sue Ismay, Stephen Wroth, June Lee, Collaborators: State and Territory health hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections Anthony Keller, Claire Styles, Hung-Sing Yang, authorities; Australian Institute of Health and Funding: Commonwealth Department of Ann McDonald, Tarana Lucky Welfare; networks involved in surveillance for Health and Ageing Funding: Australian Red Cross, Australian HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program Research Council infections for Public Health

8 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Laboratory surveillance of incident HIV Personnel: Melanie Middleton, Greg Dore Young Women’s Reproductive Health infection Collaborator: Australia and New Zealand Liver Study Laboratory markers are used to determine Transplant Register This is a nationally representative survey of incident from established HIV infection to Funding: Commonwealth Department of young women designed to obtain population- monitor the trends in newly acquired infections, Health and Ageing based information on human papillomavirus providing an important sentinel surveillance Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program vaccination coverage, prevalence of genital tool. The application of the ‘detuned’ and for Public Health warts and genital Chlamydia and other issues BED ELISAs, and analysis of other routine pertinent to young women’s reproductive laboratory markers used in the diagnosis of HIV health such as pregnancy and contraception. infection, is used in monitoring new infections. Status: 2010 protocol developed Status: All newly identified cases of HIV Surveillance for sexually Personnel: Bette Liu, John Kaldor, Basil infection at the NSW State Reference transmissible infections Donovan, Julia Brotherton, Marion Saville Laboratory for HIV at St Vincent’s Hospital Collaborators: Victorian Cytology Service; Monitoring HIV prevalence and incidence were analysed on BED assays. During 2010 National HPV Vaccination Register through sexual health clinics protocols were developed towards a goal of Funding: NHMRC Program Grant, Victorian HIV prevalence and incidence is monitored deriving viral sequence from dried blood spots. Cytology Service among people seen at sexual health clinics who This would allow sophisticated molecular Located: Public Health Interventions Research are voluntarily tested for HIV antibody as part epidemiology to be preformed even in Group of their clinical care. resource-poor settings. Status: Ongoing Personnel: Anthony Kelleher Personnel: Ann McDonald Collaborators: Philip Cunningham, St Vincent’s Collaborators: Collaborative group on sentinel Hepatitis Analysis Hospital, Sydney; Sara Evans, Celine Yang, surveillance in sexual health clinics Kazuo Suzuki, Jane Cornwall, NSW State Review of hepatitis B from the NNDSS Funding: Commonwealth Department of Reference Laboratory for HIV, St Vincent’s Status: Ongoing. Data received from NNDSS Health and Ageing Hospital, Sydney Personnel: Keira Robinson, David Wilson Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program Funding: NSW Health Department Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program for Public Health Location: Immunovirology and Pathogenesis for Public Health Program Monitoring HIV antibody prevalence Modelling and economic evaluation of among prison entrants in Australia hepatitis C epidemic mitigation strategies Surveillance for viral hepatitis HIV transmission among people entering in Australia Australian prisons is monitored through reports Monitoring cases of newly diagnosed Status: Ongoing received from State and Territory Departments viral hepatitis Funding: National Health and Medical of Corrections of the number of people received The pattern of transmission of viral hepatitis Research Council (NHMRC) into prisons each quarter, the numbers who is monitored through national surveillance Personnel: David Wilson, Rosie Thein, Murray were voluntarily tested for HIV antibody and for newly diagnosed hepatitis B and hepatitis Krahn, Lisa Maher, Greg Dore, John Kaldor, the numbers with diagnosed HIV infection. C infection, and newly acquired infections Shamin Kinathil, Pen Reyes, James Jansson Status: Ongoing notified to the National Notifiable Diseases Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program Personnel: Melanie Middleton, Ann McDonald Surveillance System. Information on exposure for Public Health category and country of birth for cases of Collaborators: State and Territory Departments newly acquired hepatitis B and C notifications of Corrections is also obtained through NNDSS. Funding: Commonwealth Department of Epidemiological and economic impact of Status: Ongoing Health and Ageing potential increased hepatitis C treatment Personnel: Melanie Middleton, Libby Topp, Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program uptake in Australia Lisa Maher for Public Health Status: Report released. Collaborators: State and Territory health Personnel: David Wilson, Rosie Thein, Greg authorities; Australian Government Department Dore. M. D. Krahn, Alexander Hoare of Health and Ageing Monitoring HIV and viral hepatitis Funding: Roche Funding: Commonwealth Department of among blood donors Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program Newly emerging patterns of transmission of Health and Ageing for Public Health HIV and viral hepatitis are monitored among Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program blood donors, a subgroup of the population for Public Health at low risk of infection who are compulsorily Developing and validating a scoring tool tested for blood-borne viruses. for identifying people who inject drugs at Monitoring long-term outcomes of Status: Ongoing highest risk of hepatitis C virus infection chronic hepatitis B and C Personnel: Melanie Middleton, Ann McDonald Status: To be submitted (after Addiction and JID Data is obtained from the Australian and New Collaborator: Australian Red Cross Blood Service decisions) Zealand Liver Transplant Register on number Funding: Commonwealth Department of Personnel: Handan Wand, Jenny Iversen, David and underlying cause (hepatitis B and C, other) Health and Ageing Wilson, Libby Topp, Lisa Maher for liver transplants performed. Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program Status: Ongoing for Public Health for Public Health

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 9 Chronic hepatitis B prevalence in Chlamydia Douglas Boyle, Helena Britt, Clare Heal, Tom Australia among at-risk populations: Brett, Caroline Harvey, Robyn Wardle, Kathy results from a systematic review and Australian Collaboration on Chlamydia McNamee, Lynne Jordan, Anne Stephens, meta-analysis Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance (ACCESS). Christine Read, Deborah Bateson, Deborah Status: Paper produced. Chlamydia is the most commonly notified Wright, Mick Adams, Mark Saunders, Sophie Personnel: Keira Robinson, Rosie Thein, B. disease in Australia and is an important cause Couzos, Jenny Hunt, Peter Waples-Crowe, Cowie, Lisa Maher, Greg Dore, John Kaldor, of pelvic inflammatory disease and tubal David Scrimgeour, Sid Williams, Ana Herceg, David Wilson infertility in women. Chlamydia notifications Liz Moore, Michael Beckmann, Julie MacPhail, Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program have been increasing for over a decade. Marian Currie, Zena Robinson, Trent Miller, for Public Health However, the basis of the increase is not well Megan Halliday, Paul Goldwater understood. The ACCESS program determines Funding: Commonwealth Department of Health chlamydia testing and positivity rates in priority and Ageing Chlamydia Pilot Program Modelling and impact of hepatitis C populations nationally as well as maintaining Located: Sexual Health Program; co-located treatment in prisons an ongoing surveillance system. Populations Public Health Interventions Research Group Status: model developed of interest include young heterosexuals, men Personnel: James Fetherston, David Wilson, who have sex with men, sex workers, pregnant Tony Butler women, and Indigenous people. The program Surveillance of lymphogranuloma Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program involves national collaborative networks of venereum Chlamydia trachomatis types for Public Health selected services including sexual health among men who have sex with men clinics, antenatal clinics, Aboriginal Community Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is caused Controlled Health Services, family planning by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) serovars L1- Syphilis clinics, general practices and laboratories. L31. These serovars display tropism for the Status: The first reports were published in lymphatic system and are clinically much Developing the National Gay Men’s 2009 with others in preparation more severe than other chlamydia serovars. Syphilis Action Plan Personnel: Basil Donovan, Rebecca Guy, John Since 2004, there has been a resurgence Status: Main project completed with the Kaldor, Andrew Grulich, Neil Franklin, Hammad of LGV proctitis affecting men who have sex dissemination of the Phase A final report in Ali, James Ward, Handan Wand with men with HIV infection in the United 2009. Collaborators: Margaret Hellard, Caroline Van Kingdom, Western Europe and the North Personnel: David Wilson, Garrett Prestage, Gemert, Mark Stoové, Isabel Bergeri, Jane America. The pattern of infection in Australia Basil Donovan, Richard Gray, Alex Hoare, Ian Goller, Fabian Kong, Anna Bowring, Elizabeth has not yet been described. The prevalence, Down, Jack Bradley Sullivan, Zhuoyang Li, Wayne Dimech, Marcus clinical spectrum and risk factors of LGV among Funding: NSW Health Chen, Christopher Fairley, Catherine O’Connor, men who have sex with men attending the Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program Bridget Dickson, Lewis Marshall, Tony Merritt, Melbourne and Sydney Sexual Health Centres, for Public Health Jane Hocking, Marie Pirotta, Phyllis Lau, and the HIM/pH cohorts were investigated.

Members of the Surveillance and Evaluation Program for Public Health

10 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 LGV was found to be rare and always Andrew Grulich, Hammad Ali, Handan Wand, Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and associated with symptoms. Rebecca Guy, Neil Franklin Prevention Program Status: The final report was published in 2010 Collaborators: Christopher Fairley, School of Personnel: Basil Donovan Population Health, University of Melbourne, Collaborators: Sepehr Tabrizi, Jimmy Twin, and Melbourne Sexual Health Centre Periodic surveys of HIV risk behaviour Susanne Garland, Christopher Fairley, William Funding: CSL Biotherapies Ltd A study of sexual risk behaviour, HIV and STI Rawlinson Located: Sexual Health Program testing, and illicit drug use among gay men in Funding: NHMRC Project Grant Australia. Located: Sexual Health Program Status In 2010, over 8,000 behavioural questionnaires surveys were completed in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth, Eco-pathogenomics of chlamydial Analyses of the National Creutzfeldt- and Brisbane, as well as in certain regional infection of the human reproductive tract Jakob Disease Registry areas of Queensland. Ongoing analysis and Sub-project Investigating the cellular dynamics Biostatistical and epidemiological advice reporting occurred in 2010. of Chlamydia infection and support is provided for the analysis and Personnel: Garrett Prestage, Iryna Zablotska, Status: In vivo data and preliminary in vitro interpretation of Registry data. Ian Down, Andrew Grulich data collected Status: Ongoing Collaborators: National Centre in HIV Social Personnel: J. Ravel, A. Maurelli, G. Myers, David Personnel: Handan Wand Research; State AIDS Councils; State PLWHA Wilson, Patrik Bavoil, Roger Rank Collaborator: The Australia National organisations; State Health Departments Funding: National Institutes of Health (NIH) Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Registry Funding: State and Territory Health Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program Located: Biostatistics and Databases Program Departments for Public Health Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program Using CD4 counts at diagnosis to Behavioural surveillance estimate incidence Behavioural predictors of HIV diagnoses Status: ongoing trends (Australian Gay Community Personnel: Fred Wu, Handan Wand, Ann The Australian Needle and Syringe Periodic Surveys and HIV surveillance) McDonald, David Wilson Program Survey (ANSPS) An ecological study of trends in sexual risk Funding: Australian Research Council The Australian Needle and Syringe Program behaviour and HIV diagnoses among gay men Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program Survey (ANSPS) forms the basis of Australia’s in Australia. for Public Health sentinel surveillance of HIV and hepatitis C Status: In 2010, 37 820 behavioural virus (HCV) prevalence and behaviour indices questionnaires surveys were completed in of risk among people who inject drugs (PWID). Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane. Analyses HIV treatment failure, therapeutic Since 1995, all clients attending selected of these surveys were completed in parallel pathways, and clinical outcomes: Needle and Syringe Program (NSP) sites with the analyses of data from the ongoing HIV understanding the present and planning during a specified one to two week period are surveillance. Analysis and reporting occurred for the future asked to complete a brief self administered in 2010. Status: ongoing questionnaire and to provide a capillary blood Personnel: Iryna Zablotska, Garrett Prestage, Personnel: David Wilson, Pen Reyes, Rosie sample for HIV and hepatitis C antibody Andrew Grulich Thein, Lei Zhang testing. Demographic and behavioural Collaborators: National Centre in HIV Social Funding: NAPWA, NHMRC data captured include injecting and sexual Research; State AIDS Councils; State PLWHA Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program behaviour, blood borne virus testing, drug organisations; State Health Departments for Public Health treatment and needle and syringe acquisition. Funding: State and Territory Health Departments A National Data Report, summarising National Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention and State/Territory data is produced by VHEPP Program Genital warts on an annual basis. Status: Ongoing. Long-term surveillance of genital warts Personnel: Jenny Iversen, Libby Topp, Lisa Maher Review of the history and methodology through Australian sexual health services. Collaborators: Australian State and Territory of the Australian behavioural surveillance A national program of human papilloma virus health authorities; the Collaboration of and its implications for policy and (HPV) vaccination of Australian teenage girls Australian Needle and Syringe Programs; St prevention (Australian Gay Community and young women requires systems that can Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research Periodic Surveys) provide long-term surveillance for trends in (AMR) and NSW State Reference Laboratory Repeated cross-sectional surveys of gay- HPV-related diseases. Genital warts should for HIV at St Vincent’s Hospital; Association community attached men; review of the history, only be prevented by quadrivalent vaccine that for Prevention and Harm Reduction Programs methodology, behavioural trends and the use also covers HPV types 6 and 11. We established Australia (ANEX); Australian Injecting and Illicit of data for policy development a network for enhanced sentinel surveillance Drug Users’ League (AIVL), National Drug Status: In 2010, we reviewed the history and for genital warts in eight larger sexual health Research Institute (NDRI), Drug and Alcohol methodology of the Australian behavioural clinics across Australia. Services, St Vincent’s Hospital. surveys, compiled the review of behavioural Status: Data collection ongoing Funding: Australian Government Department trends and their use in policy development. Personnel: Basil Donovan, David Regan, of Health and Ageing Analyses were completed in 2010.

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 11 Personnel: Iryna Zablotska, Garrett Prestage Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program being conducted, and a model of HIV and STI Collaborators: National Centre in HIV Social for Public Health transmission in Aboriginal populations is being Research; State AIDS Councils; State PLWHA developed organisations; State Health Departments Personnel: David Wilson, Richard Gray, James Funding: State and Territory Health Departments Review of HIV transmission Ward, Andrew Grulich, Basil Donovan, Sheila Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Status: complete Matete-Owiti, Gordana Popovic Program Personnel: David Wilson, Victor Jaurejig Funding: National Health and Medical Funding: Australian Research Council Research Council (NHMRC) Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program for Public Health for Public Health Linkage studies

Clinical Service Delivery for HIV Positive Modelling HIV in NSW Morbidity in people with hepatitis B and People in Australia Status: Study completed C in New South Wales: Status: Ongoing Personnel: David Wilson, Garrett Prestage, This is a population-based data linkage study. Personnel: Kylie Mallitt, David Wilson, Handan Richard Gray, Ian Down, Alex Hoare, Haris Notification records for cases of hepatitis B Wand Ghaus, Jack Bradley and/or hepatitis C in New South Wales have Funding: Australian Research Council (ARC) Funding: NSW Health been linked to their hospital, death, and HIV/ Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program AIDS records by The Centre for Health Record for Public Health for Public Health Linkage (CHeReL). In 2010, the relative impact of hepatitis B and HIV co-infection on morbidity in people with HCV was examined. Mapping HIV outcomes in Australia Modelling HIV epidemics in South HIV or HBV co-infection significantly increased Status: Report released Australia the rates of all cause, illicit drug, and especially Personnel: David Wilson, James Jansson, Jo Watson Status: Complete liver related hospital admissions. However, the Funding: National Association of People living Personnel: David Wilson. Kel Heymer, Alex Hoare low prevalence of co-infection in Australians With HIV/AIDS (NAPWA) Funding: South Australia Health with HCV meant that the excess burden at a Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program population-level was minimal. A comparison of for Public Health for Public Health hospitalisation rates between people notified with HBV and HCV revealed contrasting trends Evaluating the epidemiological benefits over time. The burden of non alcoholic liver of needle and syringe programs in disease (cirrhosis) and all cause morbidity was Australia two-fold higher in the HCV compared with the Status: ongoing HBV cohort, whilst the reverse was true for liver Personnel: David Wilson, J. Anderson, Matthew cancer. In addition, hospitalisation rates for non Law, Lisa Maher, Greg Dore, John Kaldor, Amy alcoholic liver disease increased by 9% in the Kwon, Rosie Thein, Cliff Kerr, Lei Zhang HCV cohort but decreased by 14% in the HBV Funding: Department of Health and Ageing, cohort (P < 0. 001), suggesting an impact of UNAIDS new treatments on liver-related morbidity in Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program patients with HBV. for Public Health Personnel: Heather Gidding, Janaki Amin, Matthew Law, Greg Dore Collaborators: New South Wales Health, Centre Using mathematical models to assess for Health Record Linkage (CHeReL) the impact of interventions to reduce Funding: University of New South Wales sexually transmitted infections in Located: Biostatistics and Databases Program Australia Status: ongoing Personnel: Jane Hocking, David Regan, David Wilson, David Philp, Anthony Smith, Rob Carter, Reviews, analyses and Ben Hui mathematical modelling Funding: National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program Systematic review and meta-analyses of for Public Health HIV comorbid conditions Status: ongoing Personnel: David Wilson, Jo Watson, James Modelling the interaction between Jansson, Fakhrul Islam, Fred Wu sexually transmitted infections and HIV Funding: Australian Research Council (ARC), transmission to inform public health policy National Association of People Living with HIV/ Status: A review of STI, IDU, and HIV in AIDS (NAPWA) Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders is

12 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Clinical research

Prahran Market Clinic; Dr BK Tee, The Centre to compare the safety and efficacy of different HIV: antiretroviral therapy Clinic; Richard Moore, Carlton Clinic; Philip combination antiretroviral therapy regimens Cunningham, Kate McGhie, Julie Yeung, St in treatment-naïve patients with advanced HIV Randomised trial in primary HIV infection Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney disease and/or CD4+ cell counts < 200 cells/µL. looking at three forms of intervention Funding: Wellcome Trust Status: Completed March 2009, published JID (SPARTAC) Location: Immunovirology and Pathogenesis 2010. SPARTAC (short pulse antiretroviral treatment Program Sites: 6 military medical sites in Republic of at seroconversion) looks at the effect on CD4 South Africa T-cells of three interventions at primary HIV Enrolled/target: 1,771/2,800 PHIDISA Ia infection, either treating with antiretroviral Personnel: Sean Emery A prospective epidemiological cohort study of therapy for 12 or 48 weeks or not treating at Funding: US National Institutes of Health; US HIV and risk-related co-infections in the South all until CD4 declines to <350 cells. Department of Defense; South African National African National Defence Force (SANDF). Defence Force Status: Enrolment ceased in June 2007 by Status: Recruitment opened January 2004. Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research which time 37 patients had been screened. 31 Sites: 6 military medical sites in Republic of Program patients continue to be followed up with last South Africa visits scheduled for December 2010 Enrolled/target: 8,439/unlimited Personnel: Anthony Kelleher, Pat Grey Personnel: Sean Emery ALTAIR Collaborators: Medical Research Council Funding: US National Institutes of Health; US A randomised open-label study comparing (UK); Jonathon Weber, Sarah Fidler, Imperial Department of Defense; South African National the safety and efficacy of three different College; Robert Finlayson, Taylor Square Defence Force combination antiretroviral regimens as initial Private Clinic; Mark Bloch, Holdsworth House Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research therapy for HIV infection. Medical Practice; Robert McFarlane, East Program Status: Recruitment January 2007 to February Sydney Doctors; Cassy Workman, AIDS 2008, week 48 data lead to inclusion of week Research Initiative; Dr Nick Doong, Burwood; 144 follow-up visit. Professor David Cooper, St Vincent’s Hospital; PHIDISA II Sites: 37 sites in 15 countries Mark Kelly, AIDS Medical Unit; Norman Roth, A randomised, open-label 2x2 factorial study Enrolled/target: 329/300

Members of the Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Program

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 13 Personnel: Rebekah Puls, Christoph Boesecke, PINT A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled Maria Arriaga, Carlo Dazo, Hila Haskelberg, A study of the effects of the integrase inhibitor, clinical trial to determine the safety and Kathy Petoumenos raltegravir, on viral reservoirs in those treated efficacy of reduced dose efavirenz (400mg qd) Funding: Gilead Sciences at primary HIV-infection compared to those versus standard dose efavirenz (600mg qd) as Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research treated during chronic infection. part of combination therapy in treatment naive Program Status: The trial was fully enrolled at 16 patients. individuals with HIV infection: intensive 24 All patients completed the initial phase of trial hour pharmacokinetic analysis. (52 weeks) and 15 remain in two-year extension Status: in development ALTAIR MRS Sub-study phase which will compete mid 2011. Sites: 4 sites in 4 countries A randomised open-label study comparing Personnel: Anthony Kelleher, Linda Gelgor, Pat Target: approximately 40 the safety and efficacy of three different Grey, Kersten Koelsch Christophe Boesecke, Personnel: Rebekah Puls, Enmoore Lin, Jessica combination antiretroviral regimens as initial Sean Emery, Wendy Lee, Janaki Amin, David Taylor, Carlo Dazo, Natalie Espinosa, Janaki Amin therapy for HIV infection: CNS metabolite and Cooper Funding: UNSW cognitive impairment. Collaborators: Robert Finlayson, Taylor Square Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Status: Recruitment April 2007 to February Private Clinic; Mark Bloch, Holdsworth House Program 2011, week 144 follow-up visit. Private Practice; Robert McFarlane, 407 Sites: 4 sites in 4 countries Doctors; John Zaunders, Kat Marks, Kate Enrolled/target: 30/300 McGhie, Julie Yeung, St Vincent’s Hospital, ENCORE2 Personnel: Rebekah Puls, Maria Arriaga, Carlo Sydney, John Murray, School of Mathematics, Pharmacokinetics of plasma lamivudine (3TC), Dazo, Hila Haskelberg, Kathy Petoumenos, Faculty of Science, UNSW and its active intracellular anabolite 3TC- Steve Kerr triphosphate over a 24 hour dosing interval Funding: Merck & Co Inc UNSW following administration of 3TC 300 mg and Funding: Co-located: Therapeutic and Vaccine Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Research Program and Immunovirology and 150 mg once daily to HIV-negative healthy Program Pathogenesis Program volunteers. Status: recruitment and follow-up completed 2010, data analyses scheduled for end 2010 ALTAIR Bone biomarker Sub-study ENCORE1 Sites: one, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, An analysis of vitamin D and biomarkers A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled London, United Kingdom related to bone disease in patients recruited clinical trial to determine the safety and Target: 24 HIV-1-negative subjects and followed in the ALTAIR study. efficacy of reduced dose efavirenz (400mg qd) Personnel: Rebekah Puls, Janaki Amin, Status: Analysis of blood stored samples versus standard dose efavirenz (600mg qd) as Enmoore Lin, Jessica Taylor, Carlo Dazo, Natalie collected at week 0, 12, 24, 48 and 96 within part of combination therapy in treatment naive Espinosa the Altair study individuals with HIV infection. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation All sites participating in the main ALTAIR Sites: Status: in development Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research study Sites: approximately 50 Program All participant storage samples from Target: Target: approximately 700 participants completing week 96 Personnel: Rebekah Puls, Enmoore Lin, Jessica Personnel: Hila Haskelberg, Jenny Hoy, Rebekah Taylor, Carlo Dazo, Natalie Espinosa, Janaki Amin ENCORE3 Pharmacokinetics of plasma lopinavir/ritonavir Puls, Janaki Amin, Paddy Mallon, Sean Emery Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Funding: UNSW Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research following the administration of 400/100 mg, Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Program 200/150 mg, and 200/50 mg twice daily in Program HIV negative volunteers. ENCORE1 CNS Sub-study Status: recruitment and follow-up completed A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled 2009, data analyses completed and ALTAIR Renal Sub-study clinical trial to determine the safety and publication 2010 A randomised open-label study comparing efficacy of reduced dose efavirenz (400mg qd) Sites: one, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, the safety and efficacy of three different versus standard dose efavirenz (600mg qd) London, United Kingdom combination antiretroviral regimens as initial as part of combination therapy in treatment Target: 24 HIV-1-negative subjects therapy for HIV infection: analysis of renal naive individuals with HIV infection: EFV central Personnel: Rebekah Puls, Janaki Amin, outcomes. nervous system exposure sub-study. Enmoore Lin, Jessica Taylor, Carlo Dazo, Natalie Status: Recruitment April 2007 to February Status: in development Espinosa 2011, week 144 follow-up visit. Sites: 6 sites in 4 countries Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Sites: All sites participating in the main ALTAIR Target: approximately 40 Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research study Personnel: Rebekah Puls, Enmoore Lin, Jessica Program Enrolled/target: All participant storage samples Taylor, Carlo Dazo, Natalie Espinosa, Janaki Amin from participants completing week 96 Funding: UNSW Personnel: Rebekah Puls, Maria Arriaga, Carlo Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research SECOND-LINE Dazo, Hila Haskelberg, Paul Fahey, Janaki Program A randomised open-label study comparing Amin, Sean Emery, Christoph Boesecke the safety and efficacy of ritonavir boosted Funding: UNSW lopinavir and 2-3N(t)RTI backbone versus Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research ENCORE1 Intensive Pharmacokinetics ritonavir boosted lopinavir and raltegravir Program Sub-study in participants virologically failing first-line

14 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 NNRTI/2N(t)RTI therapy. Extended follow-up phase began 01 March to be expanded in the definitive phase (October Status: Open to enrolment in all sites- 150 2009 for a further two-year period through 2010) with a further 33 sites in the Sydney enrolled until 28 Feb 2011 Region. Sites: 48 Sites: 13 Target: pilot phase enrolment 1200 patients Target: 550 Enrolled/target: 267 patients (worldwide) with with 220 from sites coordinated by NCHECR; Personnel: Mark Boyd, Alli Humphries, an equal allocation among the three study enrolment in the definitive phase will be Natalie Espinosa, Nisha Seneviratne, Torsak groups. All participants randomised into main 4000 (with approximately 1000 from sites Bunupuradah, Maria Arriaga, Rosemary study are eligible for the extended follow-up. (5 coordinated by NCHECR) Robson, Wendy Lee sites in Australia, 3 sites in Thailand, 6 sites in Personnel: Sarah Pett, Cate Carey, Megan Funding: UNSW, Merck, Abbott, amfAR Argentina) Evans, Simone Jacoby, Sally Hough, Sean Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Personnel: Cate Carey, David Courtney-Rodgers Emery, Lara Cassar Program Funding: US National Institutes of Health Funding: Division of AIDS (DAIDS), The National Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Program (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH); SECOND-LINE Dried Blood Spot sub-study Australian National Health and Medical To test concordance between dried blood spots Research Council (NHMRC); Agence Nationale to assess viral load and genotypes as compared ART Intensification with raltegravir de Recherches sur le SIDA et les Hépatites to centrally tested stored samples. and hyper-immune bovine colostrum Virales (ANRS, France); Bundesministerium Status: Open to enrolment in all sites (CORAL) für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF, Germany); Sites: 48 A randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled NEAT - European AIDS Treatment Network; Target: 550 multi-centre study to measure the effect on Department of Bioethics, The Clinical Center, Personnel: Mark Boyd, Alli Humphries, Natalie CD4+ outcomes of combination antiretroviral NIH; Division of Clinical Research, NIAID, NIH; Espinosa therapy intensification with or without passive National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH; National Funding: UNSW, Merck, Abbott, amfAR immunotherapy to reduce immune activation Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research in HIV-infected individuals with persistent CD4+ NIH; National Institute of Mental Health Program T-cell count <350 cells/µL despite prolonged (NIMH), NIH; National Institute of Neurological HIV plasma viraemia <50 copies/mL for at Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH; National least 12 months on combination antiretroviral Institute for Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis SECOND-LINE Body Composition sub- therapy. (NIAMS), NIH study Status: Analysis completed. All sites closed Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research To determine the difference in mean limb fat August 2010. Manuscript in preparation. Program changes and BMD changes at the proximal Sites: 20 Australian sites femur as measured by DXA scan between the Enrolled/target: 75/72 2 study arms in a sub-set of the SECOND-LINE Personnel: Helen Byakwaga, Hila Haskelberg, Informed Consent Substudy: A substudy cohort Kymme Courtney-Vega, Janaki Amin, Mark of Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Status: Open to enrolment in all sites –46 Boyd, Sean Emery Treatment (START) enrolled Funding: UNSW This substudy is evaluating understanding of Sites: 48 Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research study information and satisfaction with the Target: 200 Program consent process among research participants of Personnel: Mark Boyd, Alli Humphries, Nisha the START protocol, after receiving information Seneviratne, Paddy Mallon, Jennifer Hoy, from one of two different types of consent form: Waldo Belloso, Samuel Ferret a standard or a concise consent. Funding: UNSW, Merck, Abbott, amfAR Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Status: Recruitment opened April 2009. To Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Therapy (START) date 845/4000 enrolled, with 139 in the Program An open-label randomised multicentre trial to examine the safety and efficacy of commencing Sydney region. combination antiretroviral therapy at a Sites: 75 in the pilot phase with 15 sites in the

STALWART CD4+ cell count of > 500 cells/mm3 versus Sydney region (sites coordinated by NCHECR), A randomised, open-label, phase II, commencing at a CD4+ cell count of <350 to be expanded in the definitive phase (October international study of sc IL-2 with and without cells/mm3. This initiative includes several 2010) with a further 17 sites in the Sydney concomitant antiretroviral therapy in patients substantial substudies (see below for details) Region (in Argentina, Thailand, Israel, Mexico, with HIV-1 infection and CD4+ cell counts designed to determine the effects of treatment Chile, South Africa, Nigeria, India and Australia). >300 cells/µL: study of aldesleukin with and with ART on neurological manifestations of Target: n=2000. without antiretroviral therapy. HIV disease, cardiovascular complications, Personnel: Sarah Pett, Cate Carey, Megan PURPOSE OF EXTENDED FOLLOW-UP: bone mineral metabolism, chronic obstructive Evans, Simone Jacoby, Sally Hough, Sean To continue unblinded safety assessments pulmonary disease and abbreviated forms of Emery, Lara Cassar of participants in groups that received Il-2 informed consent documentation. Funding: DAIDS; NHMRC; ANRS, France; compared to the group that did not receive IL-2. Status: Recruitment opened April 2009. To BMBF, Germany; NEAT - European AIDS Status: Enrolment closed 30 June09. Main date 908/4000 enrolled, with 154 in the Treatment Network; Department of Bioethics, study data collection ended on 28 February Sydney region. The Clinical Center, NIH 2009, extended data collection concluded in Sites: 100 in the pilot phase with 17 sites in the Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research 2010 Sydney region (sites coordinated by NCHECR), Program

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 15 Genomics: A substudy of Strategic Timing Status: Recruitment opened September 2009. Funding: DAIDS; NHMRC; ANRS, France; of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) To date 73/300 enrolled, with 41 in the BMBF, Germany; NEAT - European AIDS The purpose of this substudy is to obtain a Sydney region. Treatment Network and The National whole blood sample from which DNA will Sites: 17 sites in the pilot phase (6 sites in Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal be extracted to study validated (present and Sydney region), expanding to 21 sites, with one and Skin Diseases, NIH. future) genetic variants that determine the additional site in Sydney region (in India), and Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research risk of the various primary and secondary 6 sites (in Australia, Thailand and Argentina) Program outcomes assessed in START. contributing patients utilising tonometers Status: Recruitment opened April 2009. located at other sites in the same city To date 666/4000 enrolled, with 91 in the Target: n=300 HLA Sub-study An analysis of HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C Sydney region. Personnel: Sarah Pett, Cate Carey, Megan super-types related to cardiovascular Sites: as many of the START sites as possible to Evans, Simone Jacoby, Sally Hough, Sean disease and body composition in patients be involved, to date 78 sites are registered with Emery, Lara Cassar recruited and followed in the STEAL study. 13 in the Sydney region Funding: DAIDS; NHMRC; ANRS, France; Status: Analysis of stored blood samples Target: as many of the overall cohort of 4000 BMBF, Germany; NEAT - European AIDS Sites: All that participated in the main START patients as possible. Treatment Network and NHLBI, NIH STEAL study and collected storage samples Personnel: Sarah Pett, Cate Carey, Megan Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Target: All participant storage samples Evans, Simone Jacoby, Sally Hough, Sean Program collected at week 0, 12, 24 and 48 Emery, Lara Cassar Personnel: Allison Humphries, Sean Funding: DAIDS; NHMRC; ANRS, France; Emery, Janaki Amin, David Cooper, Damien BMBF, Germany; NEAT - European AIDS Pulmonary Substudy: A substudy of Cordery Treatment Network; Division of Clinical Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Funding: NCHECR, UNSW Research, NIAID, NIH Treatment (START) The pulmonary substudy will determine if early Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Research Program Program initiation of ART is superior to deferred ART in with regards to pulmonary function as assessed by annual spirometry and respiratory health STEAL Body Composition Sub-study Neurology: A substudy of Strategic questionnaire. An analysis of predictors of body Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment Status: Recruitment opened January 2010. To composition changes in patients recruited (START) date 78/1000 enrolled, with 4 in the Sydney and followed in the STEAL study. The purpose of the substudy is to determine region. Status: Analysis being conducted on whether immediate initiation of antiretroviral Sites: 45 in the pilot phase with 7 sites in the previously collected data. therapy (ART) in ART-naïve persons with a Sydney region; a further 40 sites will be added Sites: All that participated in the main CD4+ count > 500 cells/mm3 is superior, with for the definitive phase including another 16 STEAL study and had a DEXA scan respect to neurocognitive function, compared sites from the Sydney region. completed at baseline to deferring ART initiation until CD4+ counts Target: n=1000 Target: All participants’ DEXA scans decline to 350 cells/mm3. Personnel: Cate Carey, Megan Evans, Simone completed at week 0, 48, and 96 Status: Recruitment opened April 2009. To Jacoby, Sally Hough, Sean Emery, Sarah Pett, Personnel: Allison Humphries, Sean Emery, date 214/600 enrolled, with 78 in the Sydney Lara Cassar Janaki Amin, David Cooper, Mark Bloch region. Funding: DAIDS; NHMRC; ANRS, France; Funding: NCHECR, UNSW Sites: 30 in the pilot phase (10 in Sydney BMBF, Germany; NEAT - European AIDS Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine region) expanding to a total of 33 sites Treatment Network and NHLBI, NIH Research Program Target: n=600 Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Personnel: Sarah Pett, Cate Carey, Megan Program Evans, Simone Jacoby, Sally Hough, Sean STEAL Bone biomarker Sub-study Emery, Lara Cassar An analysis of biomarkers related to bone Bone Mineral Density: A substudy Funding: DAIDS; NHMRC; ANRS, France; disease in patients recruited and followed of Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral BMBF, Germany; NEAT - European AIDS in the STEAL study. Treatment (START) Treatment Network; NIMH, NIH; NINDS, NIH Status: Analysis of stored blood samples The bone mineral density substudy will Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Sites: All that participated in the main determine if early initiation of ART is superior Program STEAL study and collected storage to deferred ART in with regards to bone health samples as measured by annual bone mineral density. Target: All participants’ storage samples Arterial Elasticity: A substudy of Status: Recruitment not yet open, protocol collected at week 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral released November 2010. Personnel: Hila Haskelberg, Sean Emery, Treatment (START) Sites: 46 with 19 sites in Sydney region Andrew Carr, Jennifer Hoy, Janaki Amin, The arterial elasticity substudy will determine (includes pilot sites that are already open and Peter Ebeling if early initiation of ART is superior to deferred definitive phase sites) Funding: NCHECR, UNSW and Dept ART in increasing large artery elasticity Target: n=400 Immunology, St Vincent’s Hospital (LAE) and small artery elasticity (SAE) (i. e. , Personnel: Simone Jacoby, Megan Evans, Sally Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine in reducing arterial stiffness) as measured by Hough, Sean Emery, Sarah Pett, Cate Carey, Research Program pulse wave tonometry. Lara Cassar.

16 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 FLU002 Funding: NIAID LASA An International Observational Study to Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research A multicenter randomised study to compare Characterize Adults with Influenza A – Program the efficacy and safety of lower dose Pandemic H1N1 (H1N1v) INSIGHT H1N1v atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r 200/100 mg OD) Outpatient Study (FLU 002) versus standard dose (ATV/r 300/100 mg OD) Status: vs. 2. 0 06-Nov-2009, open at sites SPARTA in combination with 2NRTIs in well virology with community transmission of H1N1 A randomised, open-label, cross-over study to suppressed HIV-infected adults. Sites: 75 sites globally; in Sydney region: examine the pharmacokinetics and short-term Status: Protocol and documentation being 22 sites (in Thailand, Argentina, Chile and safety and efficacy of two dosing strategies prepared. Site selection concluded, recruitment Australia) of raltegravir plus atazanavir in HIV-infected to commence 2011 Q1 Target: 1045/5000; enrolment in Sydney patients. Sites: up to 15 clinical centres in the Thai region n=343 Status: Recruitment opened July 2009; 48- National Health Service network Personnel: Sarah Pett, Sean Emery, Rose week follow up will finish April 2011 Target: 560 Robson, Lara Cassar Sites: two Personnel: Sean Emery, Stephen Kerr, Alli Funding: NIAID Target: 24 Humphries, Jessica Taylor, Wendy Lee Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Personnel: Dianne Carey Funding: NCHECR, HIVNAT, Thai NHSO Program Funding: UNSW Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Program Program FLU003 An International Observational Study to MARCH Characterize Adults Who Are Hospitalized with Etravirine+ Raltegravir Study A randomised, controlled trial to evaluate Complications of Influenza A – Pandemic H1N1 A randomised, open-label, cross-over the efficacy and safety of as a (H1N1v) INSIGHT H1N1v Hospitalization Study study to examine the efficacy, safety and switch for either nucleoside analogue reverse (FLU 003) pharmacokinetics of two dosing strategies transcriptase inhibitors (N(t)RTI) or boosted HIV Status: vs. 1. 0 18-Aug-2009, open at sites of etravirine plus raltegravir in HIV-infected protease inhibitors(r/PI) in HIV infected patients with community transmission of H1N1 individuals. with stable, well-controlled plasma HIV-RNA Sites: 88 globally; 18 in Sydney region (in Status: not yet open to recruitment while taking their first N(t)RTI + r/PI regimen Thailand, Argentina, Chile, Hong Kong and Sites: two of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) – Australia) Target: 24 The MARCH study. Target: 313/1600; total enrolment; enrolment Personnel: Dianne Carey Status: Protocol and documentation being in Sydney region n=39 Funding: Tibotec prepared. Site selection concluded, recruitment Personnel: Sarah Pett, Sean Emery, Rose Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research to commence 2011 Q1 Robson, Lara Cassar Program Sites: up to 60 clinical centres in the NCHECR

Members of the Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Program

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 17 international network to include Argentina, polymorphisms (identified in genome-wide Princess Alexandria Hospital; Royal Perth Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, association studies in the general population) Hospital and Murdoch University. Germany, Israel, Mexico, Peru, Spain, UK, and of combination antiretroviral therapy Funding: US National Institutes of Health Venezuela (cART), traditional acute coronary artery Location: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Target: 560 disease (CAD) risk factors, and HIV-related Program Personnel: Sean Emery, Sarah Pett factors (CD4+ count, HIV RNA levels) to CAD Funding: ViiV Healthcare events in HIV-infected individuals Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Personnel: Courtney Bendall, Kathy Petoumenos Enhancing Treatment of Hepatitis C in Program Collaborators: Network of clinical sites (GPs, Opiate Substitution Settings (ETHOS) hospitals and sexual health clinics) throughout The National Centre in HIV Epidemiology Australia; Swiss HIV Cohort Study Group and Clinical Research (NCHECR) was awarded The Australian HIV Observational Located: Biostatistics and Databases Program an NHMRC Partnership Grant (partner Database (AHOD) organisations listed below) to address Observational cohort study of patients with HIV. the issue of HCV treatment in the opiate Demographic, clinical and treatment data are pharmacotherapy setting. The partnership aggregated twice each year via electronic data Viral hepatitis project includes an evaluation of assessment transfer. and treatment of HCV in a prospective Status: 3173 patients recruited by 31 March Cancer Council STREP Grant cohort study – the ETHOS Cohort; patient 2010 Understanding hepatocellular carcinoma and provider attitudes and barriers towards Personnel: Sadaf Marashi-Pour, Hamish in NSW the provision of services for assessment and McManus, Stephen Wright, Courtney Bendall, Status: Ethics approval for NSW HBV and treatment of HCV infection; peer based support Kathy Petoumenos, Matthew Law HCV linkage study (linkage to NSW Central as a strategy for enhancing knowledge and Collaborators: Network of clinical sites (GPs, Cancer Registry, Mortality data from Registry uptake of treatment for HCV infection; and hospitals and sexual health clinics) throughout of Births Deaths and Marriages and Australian cost effectiveness of providing assessment Australia Bureau of Statistics, NSW Admitted Patient and treatment for HCV infection in the Funding: Foundation for AIDS Research Data Collection) was granted from the NSW opiate pharmacotherapy setting. The ETHOS (amfAR) via a US National Institutes of Health Population & Health Services Research cohort aims to examine HCV treatment grant through the International Epidemiologic Ethics Committee and the UNSW HREC uptake, treatment response and incidence of Databases Evaluating AIDS collaboration; during 2009. A probabilistic linkage of NSW reinfection among clients with chronic HCV and consortium of pharmaceutical companies Notifiable Diseases Database, Admitted Patient a history of injection drug use. Located: Biostatistics and Databases Program Data Collection, Central Cancer Registry and Status (ETHOS cohort): Commenced deaths was completed at the end of 2009. recruitment February 2009 with more than The linkage was carried out by the Centre for 200 enrolled to date. Target is 500 The Data Collection on the Adverse Health Record Linkage (CHeReL). Personnel: Greg Dore, Jason Grebely, Alexa Events of Anti-HIV Drugs Study (D:A:D) Personnel: Rosie Thein, Heather Gidding, Janaki Gillman, Pip Marks, Rosie Thein, Amanda Large, international, collaborative study aimed Amin, Matthew Law, Greg Dore Erratt, Marianne Jauncey, Patrick McGrath, at assessing the medium to long-term effects of Collaborators: Kate Ward (NSW Health) Ineke Shaw antiviral treatment of people with HIV in terms Funding: The Cancer Council NSW Collaborators: National Centre in HIV Social of possible increased risk of cardiovascular events. Location: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Research (NCHSR), NSW Health Department, Status: The study combines data from 11 Program Sydney South West Area Health Service cohorts, including more than 33,000 patients. (SSWAHS), Hepatitis NSW and NSW Users and Australia contributes 706 patients from the Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C AIDS Association (NUAA; Faculty of Medicine, Australian HIV Observational Database. Follow (ATAHC II) University of Sydney; Australian Injecting and up continued through 2010 A prospective longitudinal study of natural Illicit Drug Users League (AIVL) Personnel: Sadaf Marashi Pour, Hamish history and treatment outcomes following Funding: Australian Government Department McManus, Stephen Wright, Kathy response guided treatment of recent hepatitis of Health and Ageing; NSW Health Department Petoumenos, Matthew Law C infection. Location: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program Collaborators: Network of clinical sites Status: submitted for ethics review in November throughout Australia; Copenhagen HIV 2010 Programme, Hvidovre University Hospital Enrollment target: 120 subjects Liver Disease and HIV/HBV Coinfection Funding: European Agency for the Evaluation Personnel: Gail Matthews, Greg Dore, Barbara in the era of HAART (COLD) of Medicinal Products (EMEA) Yeung, Pip Marks, Jason Grebely, Tanya A prospective cohort of people with HIV/ Located: Biostatistics and Databases Program Applegate hepatitis B co-infection to examine the impact Collaborators: Macfarlane of highly active antiretroviral therapy on liver for Medical Research and Public Health; disease progression and provide a means for Myocardial infarction, assessment St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney; Royal Prince surveillance of resistance to hepatitis B active of Antiretroviral and Genetic factors Alfred Hospital; Kirketon Road Centre; Nepean agents. in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Hospital; School of Medical Sciences, UNSW; Status: Recruitment of 150 individuals infection: MAGNIFICENT School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular completed in Australia and the US in 2004- International collaborative project of 17 Sciences, UNSW; The Alfred Hospital; 2006. Cohort expanded to include 47 Observational HIV Cohort Studies to evaluate St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne; Royal individuals from Thailand in 2008. Study in the contribution of single nucleotide Melbourne Hospita; Royal Adelaide Hospital; final analysis.

18 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Personnel: Gail Matthews, Amanda Erratt, Pip United States. This is the largest consortium of Hepatitis C Vaccine Preparedness Studies Marks, Patrick McGrath investigators assembled to investigate acute This program of work, which commenced in Collaborators: Johns Hopkins University; HCV infection. The behavioural, clinical and 2010, continues and extends earlier work Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference virological data already collected and the conducted under the UNSW HCV Vaccine Laboratory; The Alfred Hospital; Royal access to stored specimens from this merged Initiative. The project aims to establish Melbourne Hospital; St Vincent’s Hospital, study has the potential to provide invaluable the feasibility of conducting field trials of Sydney, HIV-NAT, Bangkok, Thailand insight into the control of HCV infection, candidate HCV vaccines with PWID. Specific Funding: US National Institutes of Health including the development of novel HCV aims are to 1) determine HCV incidence and Location: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research therapeutics and vaccine strategies. spontaneous clearance in a prospective cohort Program Status: The first data merger in September of uninfected PWID; 2) identify associated risk 2009 factors; 3) evaluate retention strategies and Enrolled: 539 participants factors associated with adherence to the study Defining Risk and Mechanism of Personnel: Gregory Dore, Jason Grebely, Lisa protocol; and 4) investigate immunisation Permucosal Transmission for acute HCV Maher acceptability, clinical trial literacy and Infection within high-risk populations Collaborators: University of New South Wales, willingness to participate in future vaccine (RAMPT-C Study) The Burnet Institute, Université de Montréal, trials in this group. The project includes the The study aims to characterise permucosal University of California San Francisco, the Hepatitis C Incidence and Transmission Study transmission of HCV among HIV-positive University of Amsterdam and Public Health – community (HITS-c), an ongoing prospective and HIV-negative MSM, through clinical Service of Amsterdam, Harvard, Johns Hopkins observational study of HCV antibody negative and molecular epidemiological analysis, with Location: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research PWID. By October 2010, 149 participants had qualitative socio-behavioural and biological Program been enrolled in the cohort and a total of 10 studies to explore the transmission mechanisms. incident cases of hepatitis C infection had been The study consists of three parts: Part I – observed (8. 12 per 100 person years; 95% CI; Phylogenetics analysis, Part II – semen analysis, Hepatitis Acceptability and Vaccination 4. 23-15. 61). and Part III – Behavioural mechanism interview Incentives Trial (HAVIT) Status: Ongoing (see Epidemiology). An eligible patient can Injecting drug use is the leading exposure Personnel: Jarliene Enriquez, Anna Bates, Anh participate in Part I only or all three parts. category for notifications of newly acquired Pham, Len Liao, Ju Park, Bethany White, Lisa Status: Recruitment started in November 2009 hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Australia. Funded Maher. at St. Vincent’s Hospital, NSW. The Alfred by the NHMRC, the Hepatitis Acceptability Hospital, VIC started recruitment in March 2010. Collaborators: Academic Medical Centre, and Vaccination Incentives Trial (HAVIT) is a University of Amsterdam and Infectious Enrolled/target: Part I – prospective component: two-arm open-label randomised controlled 5/50; Part II – 3/65; Part III – 3/20 Disease Cluster, GGD Amsterdam Public Health trial designed to determine the efficacy of : Amanda Erratt, Barbara Yeung, Service; Australian Intravenous and Injecting Personnel incentive payments to increase HBV vaccine Pip Marks, Gail Matthews, Greg Dore, Tanya League (AIVL); Hepatitis Australia; Hepatitis completion in PWID. Secondary endpoints are Applegate, Garrett Prestage, Jack Bradley, Ian C Council of NSW; Inflammatory Diseases to evaluate the cost effectiveness of standard Down Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, care compared to incentive payments as a Collaborators: Mark Danta, St Vincent’s Clinical UNSW; SEALS Microbiology, Prince of Wales means of improving HBV vaccination series School, UNSW; Margaret Hellard, Rose Ffrench, Hospital; The Institute for completion, identify the correlates of immunity Kylie Goy, The Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research; British Columbia Centre for and assess hepatitis B knowledge and barriers Medical Research and Public Health Excellence in HIV/AIDS; University of California to immunisation uptake and completion. Using Funding: National Health and Medical San Francisco a 3-dose accelerated schedule (0, 7 and 21 Research Council Project Grant and St. Vincent’s Funding: NHMRC Project Grant days), the trial is being conducted at two inner- Clinic Foundation Research Grant Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and Sydney health services which target PWID. To Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Prevention Program date 414 PWID have been screened with 138 Program and Immunovirology and participants eligible and enrolled following Pathogenesis Program baseline serology. Data from the highly specialised drugs Status: Recruitment completed and data base program The International Collaboration of locked, analyses pending Summary data of patients receiving Incident hepatitis C in Injecting Cohorts Personnel: Rachel Deacon, Mofizul Islam, Libby antiretroviral treatments funded through the (InC3) Collaborative Group Topp, Lisa Maher Highly Specialised Drugs Program are received The InC3 Collaborative Group was established Collaborators: Kirketon Road Centre/South from the Australian Government Department to create a merged multi-cohort project of Eastern Sydney and Illawarra Area Health of Health and Ageing, and published in annual pooled data from well characterised cohorts Service; Sydney South West Area Health and biannual surveillance reports. of IDUs with acute HCV infection, facilitate Service; Redfern Drug Health Service/South Status: Ongoing new in-depth studies not possible from each West Sydney Area Health Service; Discipline Personnel: Hamish McManus individual study and bring together researchers of Addiction Medicine, University of Sydney; Collaborator: Highly Specialised Drugs across disciplines. This collaboration has been National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre Program, Special Access and Coordination successful in pooling behavioural, clinical and Funding: National Health and Medical Section, Pharmaceutical Access and Quality virological data on 539 participants with well- Research Council Project Grant Branch, Australian Government Department of defined HCV seroconversion events from eight Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and Health and Ageing cohorts in Australia, Canada, Europe and the Prevention Program Located: Biostatistics and Databases Program

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 19 Australian Chronic Hepatitis C Garrett Prestage, Matthew Law 6, 11, 16, and 18. The model is being further Observational Study (ACHOS) Collaborators: Chris Bourne, Sydney Sexual developed to incorporate progression to HPV- ACHOS is a clinic-based observational study Health Centre; Jeff Klausner, CDC Program, related disease (e. g. , cervical intraepithelial of chronically infected hepatitis C patients, South Africa. neoplasia and cervical cancer) and new and is conducted in collaboration with the Funding: NHMRC project grant application methodology is under development to facilitate Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program. The pending the calibration of the model in a Bayesian study aims to determine the level of hepatitis Located: Sexual Health Program framework. C treatment uptake and factors that predict Personnel: David Regan, Matthew Law, uptake and treatment outcomes. Recruitment Andrew Grulich, John Kaldor, Igor Korostil, of 1261 patients was completed in December Is azithromycin adequate treatment for Edward Waters 2009. Most patients recruited were male asymptomatic rectal chlamydia? – an audit Collaborators: CSL Limited, Victorian Cytology We conducted a retrospective audit of all men (68%), born in Australia (77%), aged 35-54 Service Incorporated, Australian National who have sex with men (MSM) diagnosed years (67%), and past injecting drug users University, University of Melbourne, La Trobe with rectal chlamydia in 2009 to look at (64%). Seventeen percent had received University the effectiveness of treating with single dose treatment previously and 49% received Funding: Australian Research Council, CSL azithromycin. treatment at or sometime after enrolment. Limited, Victorian Cytology Service Inc Status: Final manuscript accepted for publication Among newly referred treatment naive Located: Biostatistics and Databases Program Personnel: Fraser Drummond, Handan Wand, patients, current injecting drug use, past and Rebecca Guy, Basil Donovan current treatment for drug dependency and Collaborators: Nathan Ryder, Anna McNulty, alcohol use above 20 grams per day (OR 0. Mathematical modelling of bacterial Lynne Wray, Phillip Read 20, 95% CI 0. 08-0. 46) were independent STIs in Australian sub-populations Funding: In-house predictors of treatment deferral. Follow-up will This research involves the design, Located: Sexual Health Program continue in 2011 when a further analysis will be implementation and analysis of mathematical conducted to examine predictors of treatment models for assessing the health economic impact of public health interventions for success. The Australian HIV Observational the control and prevention of chlamydia, Personnel: Heather Gidding, Janaki Amin, Database (AHOD) STI project gonorrhoea, syphilis and trichomaniasis Matthew Law, Greg Dore Sexual health clinics in AHOD will contribute in different populations in Australia. The Collaborators: Network of 25 sites around data on sexually transmissible infections and models will address the STIs that are of most Australia treatment in patients recruited to AHOD importance in heterosexual, MSM, and Funding: State and Territory Health Departments Status: Protocol agreed with 11 sites involving indigenous populations, respectively. Located: Biostatistics and Databases Program around 900 patients. Protocol is under review Status: A range of compartmental and by ethics committees. First data transfer and individual-based models have been developed analysis in March 2011. to evaluate a wide range of screening Personnel: Kathy Petoumenos, Hamish Sexually transmissible and intervention strategies for the control McManus, Stephen Wright, Courtney Bendall, infections and prevention of bacterial STIs in remote Matthew Law individual communities and to assess the Collaborators: Network of 11 sexual health potential importance of community mobility Syphilaxis: a trial of chemoprophylaxis clinics around Australia in sustaining high prevalence of STIs in to prevent syphilis in men who have sex Funding: National Health and Medical these communities. A model of gonorrhoea with men with HIV infection Research Council, NIH, EMEA and Given the recent resurgence in syphilis cases transmission, incorporating infection at pharmaceutical consortium in the Western World amongst gay men it different anatomical sites, is in development Located: Biostatistics and Databases Program is now time to test new strategies such as to assess the potential impact of moving from chemoprophylaxis to control syphilis that culture to NAAT as the primary diagnostic test. would be available to any syphilis outbreaks Mathematical modelling of human Personnel: David Regan, David Wilson, in both developed and developing countries. papillomavirus transmission Ben Hui, Matthew Law, Rebecca Guy, Basil The primary aim of the trial is to determine This research involves the design, implementation Donovan, John Kaldor whether chemoprophylaxis with 100mg of oral and analysis of mathematical models for Collaborators: UNSW School of Public Health doxycycline daily can reduce the incidence assessing the health-economic impact of Human and Community Medicine, University of of syphilis in gay men with HIV infection, papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, screening and Melbourne, La Trobe University, Deakin compared to those receiving placebo. The testing policies in Australia. University secondary aims are to compare the clinical Status: A general HPV modelling framework Funding: NHMRC safety and incidence of rectal chlamydia and has been completed allowing for the Located: Biostatistics and Databases Program gonorrhoea of HIV-infected gay men and transmission of multiple HPV types to be compare the sexual behaviour of HIV-infected modelled. The model has been used to gay men treated with the study drug with their estimate the long-term impact of the current baseline behaviour. female-only vaccination programme, and Clinical public health Status: Funding application pending a theoretical male + female vaccination Personnel: Fraser Drummond, John Kaldor, programme, on the incidence of genital Australian Chlamydia control Basil Donovan, Rebecca Guy, Kathy warts due to HPV types 6 and 11 as well as effectiveness pilot (ACCEPt) study Petoumenos, Andrew Grulich, David Cooper, the incidence of infection due to HPV types Current national guidelines for general

20 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 practitioners (GPs) recommend all sexually assess the effectiveness of a SMS reminder all men are having quarterly HIV management active people aged 15–29 years old receive and home-based self-collected samples (home checks, particular if they have clinically stable annual testing for chlamydia. More than 80% group) to increase the proportion of patients for a number of years. This study aims to of 15–29 year olds attend a GP each year re-tested after a chlamydia infection, compared assess the syphilis testing frequency in HIV less however less than 10% are being tested to an SMS reminder and clinic testing (clinic positive men against the frequency of HIV for chlamydia by their GP. ACCEPt involves group). Approximately 600 patients diagnosed management checks at seven clinical sites in a multifaceted intervention in the GP setting with chlamydia across two sexual health clinics Melbourne and Sydney, Australia. to maximise testing rates and annual testing will be randomised to the home group or the Status: Data received from five sites to date. in sexually active 16‐29 year olds to see if clinic group. Analysis underway it can reduce the prevalence of chlamydia Status: Recruitment to commence May-June 2011 Personnel: Rebecca Guy, Handan Wand infections and its associated complications such Personnel: Rebecca Guy, Handan Wand, Basil Collaborators: Andrew Carr, John McAllister as PID. GP clinics and Aboriginal Community Donovan, John Kaldor, Kirsty Smith Marcus Chen, Chris Bourne, David Baker, Norm Controlled Health Services in about 50 towns Collaborators: Jane Hocking, Anna McNulty, Roth, BK Tee, Jenny Hoy, Mark Stoové, Carol or regions throughout Vic, NSW and Qld have Christopher Fairley, Marcus Chen, Catriona El-Hayek, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, The been invited to take part. Bradshaw, Sepehr Tabrizi, Suzanne Garland, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Sydney Sexual This is the first trial of this nature in Australia Simon Wright, Bill Rawlinson, Gary Rickard, Health Centre, Sydney, Melbourne Sexual and is being led by the Centre for Women’s Phillip Read, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Health Centre; East Sydney Doctors; Prahran Health, Gender and Society, The University Sydney Sexual Health Centre, University of Market Clinic, Melbourne; The Centre Clinic, of Melbourne, in collaboration with a large New South Wales, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; The Burnet Institute, Melbourne consortium of experts including a number of Victorian Cytology Service, Royal Women’s and Located: Sexual Health Program researchers from NCHECR. In addition, NCHECR Royal Children’s Hospitals has been contracted to develop the protocol for Funding: NHMRC STI Program Grant Economic, social and cross cultural issues Program Evaluation and Mathematical. The Located: Sexual Health Program in non-pharmaceutical protection of front primary aims of this project are to assess the line responders to pandemic influenza feasibility, acceptability and cost-effectives of Uptake and outcomes of chlamydia or and emerging infections an organised program for chlamydia testing gonorrhoea testing programs in non- Non-pharmaceutical interventions such as in general practice. The secondary aim this clinical settings: a systematic review face masks are one of the few widely available project is to increase testing and awareness of Primary care clinics play an important strategies that can be offered to front line chlamydia in the Australian population. role in the prevention and management of responders (FLR) in outbreak situations Status: Site recruitment in Vic, NSW, and sexually transmissible infections (STIs). A large and that can be guaranteed to be available southern Qld began in 2010 proportion of young people attend primary regardless of the type of infection. This study Personnel: John Kaldor, Basil Donovan, David care clinics each year for one reason or another aims to 1) determine knowledge, attitudes and Regan, David Wilson, Matthew Law, Rebecca and most chlamydial infections are diagnosed practices of FLR related to infection control and Guy, Rebecca Lorch, Lisa Edward, James Ward in this setting. However, despite the central role barriers to adherence to mask use; 2) conduct Collaborators: Jane Hocking (University of of primary care in chlamydia management, the first international RCT of the protection Melbourne), Meredith Temple-Smith, Jenny the proportion of sexually active young afforded to FLR by face masks against Walker, Simone Poznanski, Alaina Vaisey, people attending these clinics who are offered influenza and other respiratory viruses; 3) Dyani Lewis, Jane Gunn, Christopher Fairley, screening at the time of their visit is suboptimal compare knowledge, attitudes and practices of Nicola Low, Marian Pitts, Marion Saville, in many developed countries. This systematic FLR in Australia and Vietnam, and identify both Dorota Gertig, Sepehr Tabrizi, Margaret Hellard review aims to examine the participation rate culturally specific and universal issues that may Funding: Australian Government Department and outcomes of chlamydia and/or gonorrhoea affect the behaviour of FLRs in an emergency; of Health and Ageing Chlamydia Pilot Program testing programs among young people outside 4) model the cost-effectiveness of surgical and Co-located: Sexual Health Program, Aboriginal of clinical services. N95 face masks; and 6) inform disease control and Torres Strait Islander Health Program, Status: Data extraction almost complete and policy nationally and internationally on the use Surveillance and Evaluation Program for Public ready for analysis of face masks in control of pandemic influenza, Health, Public Health Interventions Research Personnel: Rebecca Guy, Muhammad Shahid emerging infections or a bioterrorist attack. Group, Biostatistics and Databases Program Jamil, Hammad Ali, John Kaldor Status: Ongoing. Collaborators: Jane S Hocking, Heidi Bauer, Personnel: Lisa Maher Jennifer Walker, Program Development and Collaborators: School of Public Health and REACT study Evaluation, STD Control Branch, California Community Medicine, UNSW (lead); Imperial Chlamydia re-infection is common in women Department of Public Health, Richmond, College Faculty of Medicine, London; National and men. Chlamydia re-infections increase California Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE), the risk of chlamydia-related sequelae such Funding: NHMRC Program Grant Hanoi; Westmead Hospital, Sydney. as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and Located: Sexual Health Program Funding: Australian Research Council infertility, when compared to initial infection, Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and and in men who have sex with men (MSM) Prevention Program has been associated with an increased HIV Syphilis testing in HIV positive men seroconversion risk. Clinical guidelines in Clinical guidelines recommend three-monthly Australia recommend that for all people treated syphilis testing in HIV-positive men who have Notifiable Diseases and Reproductive for chlamydia a repeat test is conducted in six sex with men (MSM) as part of quarterly Health weeks. This randomised controlled trial will routine HIV management checks. However not This project uses data linkage in NSW to

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 21 examine the effects of commonly notified available RPOC tests for syphilis have been diseases including Sexually Transmitted recombinant treponemal antigen assays, Infections and Blood Borne Viruses on which are unable to differentiate between reproductive health outcomes in women. past-treated and recent syphilis, so are likely Status: Awaiting linked data to result in substantial overtreatment if used Personnel: Bette Liu, Louisa Jorm, Christine in endemic settings. However, technological Roberts, John Kaldor advances have led to the development of new Collaborators: University of Western Sydney; RPOC tests which detect recent, as distinct from Kolling Institute University of Sydney past treated infection. These newer tests will Funding: NHMRC Post-doctoral fellowship; be evaluated in this study and compared with NHMRC Program Grant currently available syphilis POC tests and gold Located: Public Health Interventions Research standard tests. Group Status: Protocol complete and ethics approved; evaluation to commence mid-2011 Personnel: Rebecca Guy, Basil Donovan, John Identifying predisposing factors for, Kaldor, Louise Causer, Fraser Drummond and the consequences of, common and Collaborators: Peter Robertson, David Leslie, emerging infectious diseases Jennie Leydon, Theo Karapanagiotidis, This project will involve using the 45 and Up David Anderson, Mary Garcia, John Reeder, Prospective cohort study and data linkage to Kit Fairley, , Claire Ryan, Tawarot Kurumop; examine what factors may predispose adults Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Victorian to certain infections and what the longer term Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory consequences of infections are on health (VIDRL) , Burnet Institute, Sydney Sexual outcomes and health service utilisation. Health Centre, South East Area Laboratory Status: 2010 Study funding secured, approvals Service (SEALS), Papua New Guinea Institute of from data custodians obtained Medical Research (PNGIMR) Personnel: Bette Liu, John Kaldor, Emily Banks Funding: NHMRC STI Program Grant Collaborators: Sax Institute; Australian National Co-located: Sexual Health Program and Public University Health Interventions Research Group Funding: Ramaciotti Foundation Located: Public Health Interventions Research Group

Diagnostics

Evaluation of syphilis PCR There is a need for rapid and reliable direct tests for syphilis. This study was an audit of the outcomes of testing men who have sex with men with lesions consistent syphilis at the Taylor Square Private Clinic with a new Treponema pallidum PCR assay. The test was found to be 90% sensitive for primary syphilis and 50% sensitive for secondary syphilis, and it diagnosed several patients with primary syphilis who had yet to seroconvert to syphilis. Status: Final report in preparation Personnel: Rebecca Guy, Basil Donovan Collaborators: Matthew Shields, Robert Finlayson, Taylor Square Private Clinic; Neisha Jeoffreys, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital Funding: In-house Located: Sexual Health Program

Syphilis point-of- care test evaluation Rapid point-of-care (RPOC) tests offer a new approach to ensuring that diagnosis and treatment of syphilis is timely across the diverse geographic and social settings of PNG. Until recently, the only commercially

22 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Epidemiological research

of interventions designed to reduce rates Modelling interventions to prevent HIV Prevention of syphilis infection among gay men, and infection and their acceptability among uses both quantitative and qualitative gay men in NSW HIV vaccine preparedness cohort study research methods to assess how acceptable This study uses mathematical modelling (Health in Men study) such interventions would be to the target to estimate the likely impact of a range of A vaccine preparedness cohort study of HIV- population. interventions designed to reduce rates of HIV negative homosexual men. Status: Data collection is completed: 2,306, infection among gay men, and uses both Status: During 2001-2004, 1,427 HIV gay men were recruited to answer specific quantitative and qualitative research methods negative men were enrolled and active follow questions about their knowledge of syphilis to assess how acceptable such interventions up ceased in 2007. In 2010, final data analysis and their attitudes toward a range of possible would be to the target population. 600 and reporting occurred. interventions through an online survey and gay men were recruited to answer specific Personnel: Andrew Grulich, Garrett Prestage, were then invited to participate in three focus questions about their attitudes toward a range Iryna Zablotska, Mary Poynten, David groups in Sydney and Melbourne. Data of possible interventions through an online Templeton, Jeff Jin from mathematical models were considered survey and were then invited to participate Collaborators: National Centre in HIV Social alongside the findings from the acceptability in five focus groups in Sydney. Data from Research; Australian Federation of AIDS study. A report of the findings was published mathematical models were considered Organisations; AIDS Council of NSW and further data analysis and reporting is alongside the findings from the acceptability Funding: NHMRC; NSW Health Department ongoing. study. Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Personnel: Garrett Prestage, Jack Bradley, Ian Status: Data collection completed; data Program Down analysis and reporting is ongoing Collaborators: Australian Research Centre in Personnel: Garrett Prestage, Jack Bradley, Ian Sex Health and Society Down, Steve Frendo Modelling interventions to prevent Funding: Commonwealth Department of Collaborators: Australian Research Centre in syphilis infection and their acceptability Health and Ageing, NSW Health Department, Sex Health and Society among gay men Victorian Department of Health Funding: NSW Health Department This study uses mathematical modelling Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention to estimate the likely impact of a range Program Program

Members of the HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 23 Staying safe: How do long term injecting in general practice. eTEST will take place in Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention drug users avoid hepatitis C infection? Sydney among 10-15 GP clinics with the aim of Program Using an established longitudinal cohort increasing HIV/STI testing to at least two times of people who inject drugs (PWID) this per year in high-risk gay men, four times per project is looking to develop a new generation year in HIV positive men, and re-testing after a HIM (Health in Men) study: incidence and risk factors for pharyngeal gonorrhoea of hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevention programs chlamydia and gonorrhea infection. These aims A cohort study to examine the incidence and to assist both new and experienced PWID to are in accordance with the testing guidelines risk factors for pharyngeal gonorrhoea. develop and implement strategies to remain for men who have sex with men. Status: All 1,427 HIV negative men underwent uninfected with HCV. It will assist people who Status: Commenced detailed sexual behaviour interviews and over are infected but who clear the virus to continue Personnel: Rebecca Guy, Larissa Lewis, Handan 90% were tested for pharyngeal gonorrhoea. to inject to avoid re-infection. Comparisons of Wand, John Kaldor Basil Donovan Analysis and final reporting occurred in 2010 PWID who have acquired HCV and those who Collaborators: Chris Bourne, Vijay Ramanathan, Personnel: Andrew Grulich, Garrett Prestage, have not over the long term (i. e. those who Jane Hocking, John De Wit, Denton Callander Iryna Zablotska, Jeff Jin, David Wilson have “stayed safe”) will also be explored. Funding: NSW Health Collaborators: National Centre in HIV Social Ongoing Located: Sexual Health Program Status: Research; Australian Federation of AIDS Personnel: Peter Higgs, Lisa Maher Organisations; AIDS Council of NSW Collaborators: The Centre for Population Health, Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Burnet Institute; Harm Reduction . Program Funding: NHMRC Training Fellowship; UNSW Social, behavioural and Faculty of Medicine Small Grant Scheme cultural research Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and HIM (Health in Men) study: defining high Prevention Program HIV incidence subgroups HIM (Health in Men) study: per contact A cohort study to define high HIV incidence probability of HIV transmission subgroups of homosexual men who could eTEST An initiative to enhance STI A cohort study to examine the probability of potentially be targeted for HIV prevention trials. Testing in gay men HIV transmission by sexual act. 1,427 HIV negative men underwent detailed Regular testing of sexually active gay men Status: All 1,427 HIV negative men underwent sexual behaviour interviews. Analyses were is required to prevent ongoing transmission detailed sexual behaviour interviews. Analysis preformed to identify subgroups with at least a of STIs. This project assesses whether a and final reporting occurred in 2010 2% incidence of HIV. multi-faceted intervention which involves Personnel: Andrew Grulich, Garrett Prestage, Status: Analysis and final reporting in 2010 software designed to encourage clinicians Iryna Zablotska, Jeff Jin, David Wilson Personnel: Andrew Grulich, Mary Poynten, to test through passive prompts, SMS recall Collaborators: National Centre in HIV Social Garrett Prestage, Iryna Zablotska, Jeff Jin messaging, audit tools, education and Research; Australian Federation of AIDS Collaborators: National Centre in HIV Social incentives for testing can increase testing rates Organisations; AIDS Council of NSW Research; Australian Federation of AIDS

Members of the Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and Prevention Program

24 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Organisations; AIDS Council of NSW Group sex study Personnel: Garrett Prestage. Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention A study to investigate the motivations and Collaborators: Australian Research Centre in Program circumstances of group sex behaviour among Sex Health and Society; Victorian AIDS Council; gay men, particularly those behaviours that PLWHA Victoria. may contribute to HIV transmission. Funding: Victorian Health Department Risk factors for HIV seroconversion Status: Data collection is completed: In total, Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention A study of risk factors for HIV infection among 994 men completed the study questionnaire Program people recently diagnosed with HIV infection. and sixteen men were interviewed in depth. Status: During 2010, online and direct Analysis and reporting is ongoing. enrolment continued in Queensland, Victoria, Personnel: Garrett Prestage, Jack Bradley. Defining risk and mechanisms of New South Wales, South Australia and Western Collaborators: The University of Sydney permucosal transmission of acute HCV Australia, and was extended toTasmania and University of Western Sydney; AIDS infection within high-risk populations the Australian Capital Territory. In total, 247 Council of New South Wales; Victorian AIDS A study of HCV transmission and its risk factors men with recent primary HIV infection were Council; Queensland Association of Healthy among homosexual men. enrolled into the study by the end of June Communities. Status: The study samples have been stored 2010, and an additional 90 individuals, both Funding: NSW Health Department; Victorian and will undergo batch analysis in 2010. male and female, were enrolled between July AIDS Council; Queensland Association of Recruitment is ongoing. and December 2010. Preliminary analysis Healthy Communities Personnel: Garrett Prestage, Ian Down, Jack and reporting has commenced and is ongoing. Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Bradley, Mark Danta, Gail Matthews, Tanya Funding has been provided to continue the Program Applegate study through 2012 and extend to include Collaborators: women recently diagnosed with HIV. Funding: NHMRC Personnel: Garrett Prestage, Ian Down, Jack The PASH (Pleasure and Sexual Health) Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Bradley, Jeff Jin, Andrew Grulich Study: understandings of risk among gay Program Collaborators: National Centre in HIV Social men Research; Australian Research Centre in Sex, A study of beliefs and attitudes about risks and Health and Society; Curtin University; State consequences of HIV infection in Australian Social norms regarding HIV/STI risk and AIDS Councils, State PLWHA organisations, gay men. risk reduction behaviours among men and State Health Departments. Status: Data collection is completed: In total, who have sex with men in Australia Funding: Queensland Health; Victorian 4125 men were referred to the survey, of (CONNECT study) Department of Health; NSW Health whom 2306 provided sufficiently complete A cross-sectional quantitative study using Department; Western Australian Health survey questionnaires for inclusion in respondent-driven sampling to recruit Department; South Australia analysis. 40 men were interviewed in depth. homosexual men in Sydney, Melbourne and Department of Health; Tasmanian Department A comprehensive community report was Perth to investigate norms regarding sexual of Health; Health Department of the ACT published in May 2010. Further data analysis practices across different social/sexual networks. Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention and reporting is ongoing. Status: During 2010, the study protocol, data Program Personnel: Garrett Prestage, Jack Bradley, Ian collection instrument and the study procedures Down, Steve Frendo were developed and recruitment staff trained. Collaborators: Australian Research Centre in Recruitment of seeds started in December Study of gay community attachment Sex, Health and Society; Curtin University; Personnel: Iryna Zablotska, Garrett Prestage, among Australian gay men and its National Centre in HIV Social Research; State Michelle McKechnie, Ben Bavinton implications for behavioural surveillance AIDS Councils, State PLWHA organisations, Collaborators: National Centre in HIV Social and research (Australian Gay Community and State Health Departments. Research; Curtin University, AIDS Council of Periodic Surveys) Funding: Victorian Department of Health; NSW NSW (ACON), Victorian AIDS Council (VAC), Repeated cross-sectional surveys of gay- Health Department; Western Australian Health AIDS Council of Western Australia (WAAC) community attached men (behavioural Department; South Australian Department of Funding: NHMRC (2010-2012) surveillance); analyses of trends and predictors Health Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention of gay community attachment and their Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program implications for further behavioural surveillance Program and research in Australian gay communities. Status: In 2010, all surveys completed in Mapping gay community networks in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Sexually adventurous men’s study Sydney, NSW Perth and Canberra were reviewed for the A study to document and record the work of Mixed-method cross-sectional study involving information about gay community attachment. the Sexually Adventurous Men’s Projects of the interviews of opinion leaders representing Analyses were completed. Victorian AIDS Council and PLWHA Victoria, different networks and organisations of gay Personnel: Iryna Zablotska, Garrett Prestage and to investigate the beliefs and behaviours men in Sydney to describe the structure and Collaborators: National Centre in HIV Social among gay men in sexually adventurous functioning of the Sydney gay community. Research; State AIDS Councils; State PLWHA networks in Melbourne. Status: The protocol and data collection organisations; State Health Departments Status: Processes and record-keeping instrument were developed. Data collection has Funding: State and Territory Health Departments documentation have been established, and commenced. Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention data collection is ongoing. Interview schedules Personnel: Iryna Zablotska, Garrett Prestage, Program have been developed. Ben Bavinton

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 25 Collaborators: AIDS Council of NSW (ACON) transmission. Data collection is ongoing. Queensland prisons. It also aimed to assess the Funding: NSW Health Personnel: Garrett Prestage, Jack Bradley, Ian effects of NSW prisons introducing condoms Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Down and dental dams in 1997. This study involves Program Collaborators: St Vincents Hospital computer-assisted telephone interviews with Funding: NHMRC prisoners and key informant interviews. Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Status: Data collection completed in 2008; Out on the Reef 2010 Program several reports published 2010 with more in This is a study of the experiences of gay preparation. The second monograph, detailing men living with and affected by HIV in North the Queensland findings, was also published Queensland. Monogamy: meanings and practices in 2010 Status: Data collection is completed. Gay men among gay men Personnel: Basil Donovan, Karen Schneider, living in North Queensland were invited to This is a study of gay men’s attitudes toward Tony Butler participate in three focus groups and in one- and beliefs about monogamy, and how that Collaborators: Eva Malacova, Juliet Richters, on-one key informant interviews in Cairns. Data affects the kinds of relationships they form. Luke Grant, Alun Richards, Anthony Smith collected through other studies that include men Status: Gay men are being interviewed in depth Funding: NHMRC Project Grant, NSW Health from this region are being reanalysed to identify about the concept of monogamy and their own Department, NSW Department of Corrective specific issues among men in this region. A report relationships. Data collection is ongoing. Services, Queensland Department of Corrective of the findings is in preparation. Data analysis Personnel: Garrett Prestage Services, UNSW and reporting is ongoing. Collaborators: Australian Research Centre in Located: Sexual Health Program Personnel: Garrett Prestage, Ian Down Sex Health and Society Collaborators: Australian Research Centre in Funding: NHMRC Sex Health and Society Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention The Law and Sexworker Health (LASH) Funding: Queensland Department of Health Program Project Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention It has long been suspected that different legal Program climates have different health and welfare A survey of the sexual behaviour and outcomes for sex workers. As its various sexual health of Australian prisoners jurisdictions have different prostitution laws, RAMPT-C Little is known about the sexual behaviour, Australia is an ideal country to study the effects This is a study of the sexual transmission of including sexual assault, of Australian prisoners. of those laws. Three capital cities were chosen hepatitis C among HIV-positive gay men. In addition, the consequences of introducing for their different legal climates: Melbourne, Status: HIV-positive gay men who have recently condoms and dental dams into prisons are where sex work is only decriminalised in been diagnosed with hepatitis C are recruited to unknown. This study was designed to qualify licensed brothels (licensing), otherwise it answer specific questions about their knowledge and quantify the sexual behaviour of male and remains illegal; Perth, where sex work remains of hepatitis C and their beliefs about its female prisoners in all New South Wales and criminalised; and Sydney, where most

Members of the HITS-c team with Professor Lisa Maher (third from right)

26 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 form of adult sex work are decriminalised, Do SMS reminders improve STI testing without licensing. Through legal research we Collaborative projects with frequency in men who have sex with men determined the laws and the level of policing Sydney Sexual Health Centre (MSM)? of those laws in Victoria, WA, and NSW. We In late 2008, Sydney Sexual health Centre also mapped the female brothel-based sex implemented a reminder system to improve re- Culturally and linguistically diverse industry in each city. Brothels were chosen testing rates for HIV and sexually transmissible MSM at SSHC: diagnostic and at random, with a survey target of 200 sex infections (STIs) in men who have sex with behavioural trends workers in each city. Each brothel was repeated men (MSM); 3-6 monthly SMS reminders Differences may exist in both STI risk behaviour approached until every sex worker consented were recommended for high-risk MSM. We and testing practice between the major to participate or refused. Each participating evaluated the impact of the SMS reminder Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) sex worker completed a questionnaire that groups within Australia. The purpose of this system on HIV/STI testing re-testing rates in was available in 4 languages. Those women study is to compare practice and trends over MSM attending Sydney Sexual Health Clinic. A were then offered testing for chlamydia, time. Data will be analysed by country of birth controlled observational study design was used. gonorrhoea, Mycoplasma genitalium infection, (Australian born versus overseas born) and Status: manuscript accepted for publication and trichomoniasis. Comparisons were made language spoken. Personnel: Rebecca Guy, Handan Wand between cities. : Chris Bourne, Vickie Knight, Status: Data analysis ongoing Collaborations Status: Analyses and reporting of the findings Heng Lu, Anna McNulty Personnel: Rebecca Guy, Handan Wand, Basil underway Donovan Funding: None Personnel: Basil Donovan, Chris Harcourt, Sexual Health Program Collaborators: Chris Bourne, Phillip Read Located: Karen Schneider, Handan Wand, John Kaldor Funding: Nil Collaborators: Sandra Egger, Christopher Located: Sexual Health Program Fairley, Marcus Chen, Lewis Marshall, Sepehr Do SMS reminders improve retesting Tabrizi, Sexual Workers Outreach Project, Unprotected oral sex and sex workers rates after chlamydia infection in Sydney; RhED, Melbourne; Magenta, Perth Unprotected fellatio at work may represent heterosexuals? Funding: NHMRC Project Grant, Victorian a risk for STI acquisition in the oropharynx, Chlamydia re-infection is common in women Department of Human Services and subsequent onwards transmission. This and men. By 12 months re-infection rates Located: Sexual Health Program study seeks to identify the determinants have been reported to be as high as 22% in of unprotected fellatio, and where possible a chlamydia re-infection prospective cohort correlate this to the presence of gonorrhea in of young women in Australia 2008-2009. Exploring the natural history of injection the oropharynx. Sex workers attending Sydney In light of the high re-infection rates, clinical drug use: A qualitative study of social Sexual Health Centre were asked about their guidelines in Australia recommend that any and environmental influences in the use of condoms for fellatio at work, and swabs people diagnosed with chlamydia should be VIDUS cohort were taken for gonorrhea testing. Preliminary re-tested in three months to detect chlamydia This study seeks to: (1) examine the influence results have been presented at the Australasian re-infections. Despite this, a recent analysis of of social and environmental factors on critical Sexual Health Conference 2010, and further heterosexuals attending 19 sexual health clinics initiation and transitional events among street analysis will be presented at the ISSTDR found that the proportion of patients with youth and adults who inject drugs, including conference in July 2011 prior to publication. chlamydia infection who were re-tested in 1-4 transitions in drug use, initiation into drug Status: Preliminary results presented months was 11.9% in heterosexual males and scenes and sex work; (2) examine the influence Personnel: Basil Donovan, Rebecca Guy, 17.8% in heterosexual females. In late 2008, of social and physical context within ‘drug Handan Wand Sydney Sexual health Centre implemented scenes’ on HIV risk behaviour; (3) refine and Collaborators: Phillip Read, Anna McNulty a SMS reminder system to improve the document an evolving Funding: Nil frequency of the re-testing within three ethno-epidemiological approach to Located: Sexual Health Program months of a chlamydia infection. We evaluated investigating the natural history of injection the impact of the SMS reminder system on drug use. The study employs observational chlamydia re-testing within three months of ethnographic activities, in-depth interviews, Seasonal trends in STI diagnoses: an initial infection in heterosexuals attending mapping techniques, photography, and investigation Sydney Sexual Health Clinic. A controlled epidemiological data. Observational activities Local, state-wide and national notification data observational study design was used. will be conducted in settings where illicit drugs for STIs appears to show consistent variation Status: in progress are consumed. Qualitative in-depth interviews at specific times during the year. The aim of Personnel: Rebecca Guy, Handan Wand will be conducted with individuals who are the study is to identify seasonal trends in Collaborators: Phillip Read, Aurelie Kenigsberg, members of existing cohort studies, and will STI diagnoses, and to correlate this to trends Vickie Knight, Anna McNulty utilise a longitudinal perspective through in sexual behaviour, alcohol and drug use. Funding: None annual follow-up of participants. Data from the Sydney Sexual Health Centre Located: Sexual Health Program Status: Ongoing. database will be used for this analysis. Personnel: Lisa Maher Status: Data analysis ongoing Collaborators: British Columbia Centre for Project members: Handan Wand, Basil Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver (lead). Donovan, Rebecca Guy Funding: Canadian Institutes of Health Research Collaborators: Phillip Read, Anna McNulty Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and Funding: Nil Prevention Program Located: Sexual Health Program

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 27 A longitudinal study of bacterial Australia (e. g. Hepatitis Incidence and Clinical epidemiology vaginosis and Mycoplasma genitalium in Transmission Study) taking into account periods young Australian women of injecting and non-injecting. This will allow Chlamydia incidence and re-infection Little is known about the epidemiology and for more valid projections of injecting drug use study (CIRIS): a longitudinal cohort study natural history of bacterial vaginosis (BV) health consequences and associated health of young Australian women and nothing is known about M genitalium impacts and costs of interventions. Chlamydia incidence and re-infection rates (MG) infection in Australian women. We Status: Ongoing. have never been studied in Australian women. seek to determine the prevalence, incidence Personnel: Jo Kimber, Lisa Maher We aimed to determine the incidence of and persistence of BV and MG in a general Collaborators: University of Bristol; MRC chlamydia in a cohort of young women population of Australian women using the Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge; Muirhouse who initially screen negative, along with cohort established by the CIRIS study. Medical Group, Edinburgh; London School of determining the re-infection rate of women Status: The cohort was closed in 2010. Two Hygiene and Tropical Medicine NHMRC (Sidney Sax) Training who initially screen positive, in order to inform reports have been accepted for publication and Funding: Fellowship future population screening programs. This further analyses are underway Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and study involved the establishment of a cohort Personnel: Basil Donovan Prevention Program of young women attending a range of primary Collaborators: Jane Hocking, Jenny Walker, Christopher Fairley, Marcus Chen, Catriona health care services who agreed to complete Bradshaw, Jane Gunn, Marie Pirotta, V questionnaires and return self-collected vaginal Harindra, L Gurrin L, Sepehr Tabrizi, Suzanne swabs for testing over the next 12 months. Infection-related cancer Garland, K McNamee Status: The cohort was closed in 2010. Funding: NHMRC Project Grant Analyses are continuing Located: Sexual Health Program The SPANC study (Study of the Personnel: Basil Donovan, John Kaldor prevention of anal cancer) Collaborators: Jane Hocking, Jenny Walker, A cohort study to examine the prevalence, Christopher Fairley, Marcus Chen, Jane Gunn, Examination of injecting drug use life incidence and risk factors for progression of Marie Pirotta, V Harindra, L Gurrin L, Sepehr course and estimating prevalence and human papillomavirus infection and anal Tabrizi, Suzanne Garland, K McNamee, Hudson health consequences of a dynamic cancer precursors in HIV positive and HIV Birden, Frank Bowden population negative homosexual men aged 35 and older. Funding: Australian Government Department This project examines longitudinal datasets Status: The study team was assembled, of Health and Ageing Chlamydia Pilot Program of injecting drug users from the UK (e. g. collaborative structures formed, study protocol Located: Sexual Health Program Edinburgh Addiction Cohort Study) and finalised, instruments developed, and the first

Members of the Sexual Health Program

28 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 29 participants were recruited. International pooled analysis of immune Personnel: Andrew Grulich, Jeff Jin, David risk factors for lymphoma Templeton, Garrett Prestage A pooled analysis of case-control studies of Collaborators: Sexually Transmitted Infections immune risk factors for lymphoma. All twelve Research Centre, Westmead Hospital; St member studies sent data on a pooled total of Vincent’s Hospital; Melbourne Sexual Health 12,982 cases and 16,441 controls, and results Centre; Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne; on auto-immune disease as a risk factor for Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology; School of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were reported. Public Health, University of Sydney Status: Analyses on the association between Funding: NHMRC Program Grant atopic disease and birth order were reported Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention in 2010, and analyses on infectious conditions Program and NHL risk were ongoing. Personnel: Andrew Grulich Collaborators: UNSW Cancer Research Centre; Review of HPV associated cancers in University of Southern California; German Australia Cancer Research Centre; Feinberg School A review of Australian cancer registration data of Medicine, Northwest University; Centre to quantify the public health burden associated for Study and Prevention of Cancer; Aviano with HPV-related cancers in Australia. Cancer Centre; Catalan Institute of Oncology; Status: Analyses and final reporting occurred. University of California, San Francisco; David Personnel: Andrew Grulich, Jeff Jin Geffen School of Medicine, University of Collaborators: University of Melbourne, California, Los Angeles; University of York; Commonwealth Serum Laboratories British Columbia Cancer Registry; School of Funding: NHMRC Fellowship Medicine, Yale University Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Funding: Leukaemia Foundation of Australia Program Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program Geographic variation in anal cancer incidence in New South Wales A review of NSW data on cancer incidence Cancer in primary immune deficiency in those postcodes with a high proportion of A project to describe the incidence of homosexually active men. malignancies in people with primary Status: Analyses of cancer incidence by (congenital) immune deficiencies and to postcode occurred. compare this with the incidence of malignancy Personnel: Andrew Grulich, Mary Poynten, Jeff Jin in people with HIV/AIDS and in those with Collaborators: NSW Cancer Registry organ transplants. Funding: NHMRC Fellowship Status: Analysis and final reporting occurred Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention in 2010. Program Personnel: Andrew Grulich, Collaborators: UNSW Cancer Research Centre; Australian Primary Immunodeficiency Disease HIM (Health in Men) study: sero- Register, The University of Sydney epidemiology of Human papillomavirus Funding: NHMRC fellowship (HPV) Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention A cohort study to describe incidence and risk Program factors for HPV seropositivity. Status: All 1,427 HIV negative men underwent detailed sexual behaviour interviews. Stored samples were extracted and shipped to the German Cancer Research Centre where they underwent multiplex serology for HPV. Analyses are ongoing. Personnel: Andrew Grulich, Mary Poynten, Garrett Prestage, Iryna Zablotska, Jeff Jin Collaborators: German Cancer Research Centre; National Centre in HIV Social Research; Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations; AIDS Council of NSW Funding: NHMRC Fellowship; NHMRC program grant Located: HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 29 Laboratory research

Primary HIV and early disease research – Australian Long-Term Non-progressor Immunopathogenesis Australian cohort (PHAEDRA) Extension Study and correlates of A systematic mechanism to follow up the The Australian long-term non-progressor immunity research PHAEDRA and Core01 cohorts in Sydney and cohort study was established in 1994 and is still Melbourne with acute and early HIV-1 infection. ongoing. Studies focussing on identifying the Status: 147 patients were enrolled in this reason this rare group of people with prolonged Immuno-phenotyping of T-cell subsets extension study by Dec 2010 and follow up is HIV infection remain healthy, with virtually no Many NCHECR clinical trial and natural history continuing. damage to their immune system are extremely protocols involve immunological sub studies. Personnel: Pat Grey, Ansari Shaik, David important for understanding the pathogenesis of The laboratory supports these sub studies as a Cooper, Anthony Kelleher. HIV and for developing new antiretroviral therapy semi-routine service. Collaborators: Robert Finlayson, Taylor Square and preventative vaccines. : Routine use of 6-10 colour Status Private Clinic; Mark Bloch, Holdsworth House Status: Of the 141 participants recruited to multiparameter flow cytometry. Intensive General Practice; Cassy Workman, AIDS this cohort 52 individuals (sustained non- assays were performed as part of the PINT and Research Initiative; Robert McFarlane, East progressors) are still treatment naïve. Four new CORAL studies, including analysis of Stem cells. Sydney Doctors; Dr B.K. Tee, The Centre Clinic; patients were recruited in 2010. The CORAL study was completed in 2010. Norman Roth, Prahran Market Clinic; Phillip Personnel: Linda Gelgor, Anthony Kelleher, Pat Personnel: Nabila Seddiki, Mee-Ling Munier, Cunningham, John Zaunders, St Vincent’s Grey, Ansari Shaik, John Kaldor, David Cooper Michelle Bailey, Chansavath Phetsouphanh, Hospital, Sydney; The Alfred Hospital; Tim Collaborators: Long-Term Non-progressor Yin Xu, Anthony Kelleher Read, Melbourne Sexual Health; Sydney Study Group, including clinical sites in Collaborator: John Zaunders, St Vincent’s Sexual Health; John Murray, School of Sydney, Port Kembla, Canberra, Brisbane Hospital, Sydney Mathematics, Faculty of Science, UNSW and Melbourne; Kat Marks, St Vincent’s Funding: Project-specific grants Funding: NHMRC Program Grant Hospital, Sydney; Stephen Kent and Ivan Location: Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Location: Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Stratov, University of Melbourne. International Program Program collaboration includes Elite Controller

Members of the Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program

30 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Collaborative Project and the International AIDS Microbiology and Immunology, The University funded study to characterise the antigen Vaccine Initiative (IAVI). of Melbourne specificity, frequency and function of latently Funding: NHMRC Funding: NHMRC HIV-1 infected CD4 T memory cells is in Location: Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Location: Immunovirology and Pathogenesis preparation and is due to commence in 2011. Program Program In addition more detailed analysis of HIV DNA content in CD4+ T cell subsets from patients enrolled in the PINT study is to commence in Evolution of immune responses in Immunopathogenesis of immune 2011. primary infection and long-term non- reconstitution disease Personnel: Kersten Koelsch, Michelle Bailey, progressors Studies of the immunopathogenesis of immune Kristin McBride, Paul Lam This study examined the mechanisms of viral reconstitution disease (IRD) based on the Collaborators: John Zaunders, Kat Marks, escape from cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses, samples studied ex vivo from patients suffering St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney; John Murray, and particularly the events leading up to this disease. School of Mathematics, UNSW escape from the HLA-B27 mediated T-cell Status: A study exploring the causes of this Funding: NHMRC, Merck response at the level of Tcell receptor usage. dysregulation, with particular focus on the role Location: Immunovirology and Pathogenesis It employs samples and data gathered during of T regulatory cells. Studies commenced in Program the follow-up of the long-term non-progressor 2006 and were formalised to recruit all patient (LTNP) cohort, and samples collected from the commencing CART late in the disease with a PHAEDRA cohort. natural history study called PrIRIS. The study RESTORE Status: T-cell receptor repertoire studies and is still ongoing with 20 patients enrolled (aim An observational study to explore viral escape studies completed and results 20). Assays performed real time aimed to look reconstitution of immunity in patients with published in 2010 at the phenotype (8 flow cytometry panels) at advanced HIV-1-infection commencing Personnel: Anthony Kelleher, Linda Gelgor, intracellular cytokine secretion and at antigen- combination antiretroviral therapy Kathy Petoumenos specific regulatory and effector T cells. Patient Status: start date September 2010. Collaborators: Daniel Douek, David Price, will complete the study in Q12011 and there Sites: one site in Thailand Vaccine Research Centre, US National Institutes after data analysis will be completed. Target: 13/50 patients of Health; Miles Davenport, Vanessa Venturi, Personnel: Nabila Seddiki, Anthony Kelleher, Personnel: Sarah Pett, Sean Emery, Anthony Centre for Vascular Research, UNSW Chansavath Phetsouphanh, Sarah Pett Kelleher Funding: US National Institutes of Health; Collaborator: Debbie Marriott, St Vincent’s Funding: NHMRC, UNSW NHMRC Hospital, Sydney Location: Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Location: Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Funding: NHMRC Program Program Location: Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program

B cell subsets, neutralising antibodies Laboratory service and and auto-antibodies at primary HIV-1 Viral reservoirs Infection Currently available antiretroviral therapy support Studies of overlap between neutralising has little impact on HIV viral reservoirs. The antibodies and auto-antibodies at primary site, size and components of these reservoirs Specimen receipt and processing for infection and the subsets of B cells producing is poorly understood. Also, the impact of clinical trials and natural history studies these responses. Data collection on B cell integrase inhibitors on latently infected cells, The laboratory provides a service to other phenotypes from cryopreserved samples including residual viraemia, which is tightly NCHECR programs encompassing the cohorts of patients from Pheadra/core01 connected to these cells, is currently unclear. separation of blood components including studies identified at primary infection Status: Assays to quantify the DNA species of but not limited to; cryopreservation of who control HIV infection and who do not HIV-1 total DNA, integrated DNA and episomal serum, plasma and PBMC, archiving and on was completed in 2010. Methods for the DNA, were established in the laboratory shipping of samples. The service also includes delineation of Follicular T helper cells and and validation of these assays has been database management of the storage of B cell subsets in parallel in humans and completed. These assays have been used to these samples. Staff also have experience macaques were employed to isolate these cells analyse week 52 patient samples from the with the implementation of assays which are from macaques with SIV infection. These cells PINT study. Also, the analysis from samples not offered by local diagnostic laboratories. are being characterised as a potential reservoir of a of a raltegravir switch study has been This service contributes to the overall smooth for SIV infection. completed in 2010, using the total HIV-1 running of clinical trials and natural history Status: Analysis due for completion early 2011. DNA and 2-LTR circle assays. Another study studies. Personnel: Chris Weatherall, Yin Xu, Anthony commenced in 2009 and now complete, this Status: Ongoing Kelleher study was aimed at the preferential infection Personnel: Anthony Kelleher Collaborators: John Zaunders, Kazuo Suzuki, of CD4+ T cell subsets during chronic HIV Collaborators: Kate Merlin, Julie Yeung, Maria St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney; Damian infection. A low copy HIV-1 RNA assay (limit Piperias, Bertha Fsadni, St Vincent’s Hospital, Purcell, Department of Microbiology and of detection 3 copies/ml) has been used for Sydney Immunology, The University of Melbourne; quantitation of low level (below 50 copy) Funding: Project-specific grants Stuart Tangye, Immunology and Inflammation viraemia in patients currently enrolled in Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, the CORAL study, this study has also been Program and Immunovirology and Stephen Kent, Rob De Rose Department of completed in 2010. A new and recently Pathogenesis Program

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 31 HepBank Clinical Sample Repository Funding: NHMRC, St Vincent’s Hospital & Open Access Substudy database Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Development of new (LabKey) Program and Immunovirology and therapeutic modalities Establishment of a HCV sample repository that Pathogenesis Program incorporates barcoding to facilitate patient RNA inducing viral latency sample and data management. This includes This project is related to siRNA gene silencing samples from ATAHC and CHARIOT and HIV drug resistance This project involves the development of for HIV-1 and SIV infection. siRNAs targeting viral prospective trials including Sample collection expertise in the application of a number of promoter DNA region induce transcriptional for Prospective cohorts and trials including methods of detecting antiretroviral drug gene silencing (TGS) of viral genes in infected ACTIVATE / ATAHC II / ETHOS. The web-based resistance through genotypic testing of cells. The study has been extended to two LabKey database will link existing clinical, HIV isolates. We have three major projects: major objectives: delivery system of siRNA sample repository and laboratory data-sets to evaluation and conducting commercially and mechanism gene silence. To develop and allow comprehensive analysis of clinical trial available genotype testing for evaluate delivery system including lentiviral results. This will also strengthen collaborative protease, reverse transcriptase regions; and non-viral delivery system to be used for efforts within NCHECR and with investigators development of new in-house genotyping mouse HIV-1 infection model; and to define from other leading Research Institutes. method from blood dry-spot from the the pathways by which dsRNAs targeting the Personnel: Ineke Shaw, Brendan Jacka, Pip patients as a starting material of genotype promoter regions of HIV-1 and SIV. Marks, Tanya Applegate, Ansari Shaik, Tony assay, which will be transferred to Status: Constructs applicable for use in Kelleher collaborator in south-east countries; and HIV-1 infection are under development. The Program grant Funding: developing assay for the determination constructs will be incorporated into lentiviral Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research of CCR5 tropism of patient’s HIV isolates delivery vector and the delivery system will be Program and Immunovirology and and establishing the HIV tropism assessed in vitro. Epigenetic changes induced Pathogenesis Program genotype test in our laboratory. More by siRNAs targeting HIV-LTR will be defined. than 700 HIV-1 resistance genotypes The role of Ago1 in nucleus in this process will have been performed based on the be determined by confocal microscope using Assay development commercial based resistant assays. tagged Ago1 and labelled siRNA. New in-house genotyping method is Personnel: Anthony Kelleher, Chantelle Hood, under development for protease, reverse Sanjay Swaminathan Assays of T-cell function, proliferation transcriptase, and Integrese regions. We Collaborators: Kazuo Suzuki, St Vincent’s and cytotoxicity, and identification of are confirming sensitivity of the current Hospital, Sydney, Takaomi Ishida, Makoto antigen-specific T-cells developed assay and we will start to use Ymamagisi, Toshiki Watanebe, The University A range of flow cytometric assays for assessing dry-blood samples for genotyping assay. of Tokyo CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell function are worked up We have started evaluation of CCR5 tropism : NHMRC in the laboratory. The measures of antigen- Funding assay. We will compare this new tropism Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research specific T-cells include T cell proliferation, TM assay to the Trofile assay, which is currently Program and Immunovirology and activation and cytokine secretion. Such used as the standard assay. Pathogenesis Program assays are important for understanding HIV Status: evaluation completed of ViralSeq HIV-1 pathogenesis and in responses to vaccines, Genotyping kits and therefore are included in the protocols Personnel: Anthony Kelleher, Celine Yan, of clinical trials and natural history studies Kerstin Koelsch, Yong Pan carried out by NCHECR. Intensive assays Translational research: host Collaborators: Kazuo Suzuki, Philip were performed as part of the phase 1 trial of Cunningham, Leon McNally, Alexander P04112, and the PINT trial of therapy with the Carrera, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney In-vivo hepatitis C virus adaptation to integrase inhibitor, Raltegravir. These studies Funding: NSW Health Department, ViiV host HLA-restricted immune responses in have now also been extended to the PHIIDO Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research recently acquired HCV (ATAHC) observational study of primary HIV infection. Program and Immunovirology and To characterise HCV adaptation to HLA- These assays are also being validated in two Pathogenesis Program restricted immune response and examine the clinical trials: assessing latent TB infection; influence of HLA alleles on HCV sequence and CMV re-activation and Adenovirus evolution and escape mutations. infection following paediatric bone marrow Novel real time PCR technology for Personnel: Greg Dore, Gail Matthews transplantation, respectively. mixed infection Collaborators: Simon Malal and Silvana Gaudieri Development of novel MNAzyme technology Status: Continued analysis of samples from (CCiBS, Perth) and Andrew Lloyd (UNSW) for the detection and quantification of mixed PHAEDRA and the long-term non-progressor Funding: NIH HCV infection. cohorts. Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Personnel: Brendan Jacka, Tanya Applegate Personnel: Nabila Seddiki, Mee-Ling Program and Immunovirology and Collaborators: Alison Todd, Elisa Mokany, Munier, Michelle Bailey, Yin Xu, Chansavath Pathogenesis Program Phetsouphanh, Celine Yan, Anthony Kelleher SpeeDx Pty Ltd, Sydney Collaborators: John Zaunders, St Vincent’s Funding: Program grant Hospital, Sydney; Mahila Namasivayam, Tony Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research IP10 & IL28B serum protein levels in Walls and John Ziegler, Sydney Children’s Program and Immunovirology and recently acquired HCV (ATAHC) Hospital Pathogenesis Program Analysing serum IP-10 and IL28B protein

32 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 levels (by ELISA) as a marker of spontaneous Collaborators: Michael Beard, Edmund Tse, Program and Immunovirology and and treatment-induced clearance during early Adelaide University; Nick Shackel, Centenary Pathogenesis Program HCV infection. Institute; Andrew Lloyd Personnel: Jason Grebely, Tanya Applegate, Funding: NIH; program grant Greg Dore, Gail Matthews Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Translational research: viral Collaborators: Jordan Feld, Toronto University; Program and Immunovirology and Andrew Lloyd, UNSW Pathogenesis Program Funding: NIH; program grant Resistance mutations to Directly Acting Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Antivirals in treatment naïve patients Identification of the prevalence of pre-existing Program and Immunovirology and T-cell responses in recently acquired HCV resistance mutations within the ATAHC cohort, Pathogenesis Program (ATAHC) To identify the prevalence, magnitude, and to polymerase and protease inhibitors using breadth of CD4 and CD8 T cell responses to deep sequencing analysis. IL28B-associated SNP mutations in HCV proteins in primary HCV infection and the Personnel: Gail Matthews, Tanya Applegate, recently acquired HCV (ATAHC) changes in these responses in subjects with and Brendan Jacka, Greg Dore Assessment of human genetic polymorphisms without treatment, Collaborators: Silvana Gaudieri, Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics associated with treatment induced and Personnel: Greg Dore, Gail Matthews, Jason Royal Perth Hospital and Murdoch University spontaneous clearance of acute HCV infection Grebely Funding: Program grant, project-specific grants Personnel: Jason Grebely, Tanya Applegate, Collaborators: Jacqueline Flynn, Rosemary Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Greg Dore, Gail Matthews Ffrench, Burnet Institute Program and Immunovirology and Collaborators: Jacob George, Vijay Suppiah, Funding: NIH Pathogenesis Program David Booth, Westmead Millenium Institute Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Funding: NIH; program grant Program and Immunovirology and Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Pathogenesis Program Characterisation of reinfection/mixed Program and Immunovirology and HCV infection in recently acquired HCV Pathogenesis Program (ATAHC) Characterisation of the humoral immune Analysis of the prevalence and impact of HCV response in recently acquired HCV (ATAHC) reinfection and mixed infection using direct ISG expression profiles within peripheral Development of an inexpensive incidence sequencing and genotype specific PCR blood in recently acquired HCV (ATAHC) diagnostic test and investigation of serological Personnel: Brendan Jacka, Tanya Applegate, Examining the effects of Ribavirin on ISG markers of clinical outcome Jason Grebely, Greg Dore, Gail Matthews expression profiles and examine any between Personnel: Greg Dore Collaborators: Sean Pham, Peter White, UNSW those with persistent infection and those with Collaborators: Kim Wilson, National Serology Funding: NIH; program grant clearance, and Ribavirin mechanism. Reference Laboratory Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Personnel: Jason Grebely, Tanya Applegate, Funding: NIH Program and Immunovirology and Greg Dore, Gail Matthews Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Pathogenesis Program

Members of the Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 33 Serotype identification of HCV genotype Funding: Program grant Greg Dore, Jason Grebely Determination of HCV genotypes among Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Collaborators: Sean Pham, Peter White, UNSW; participants with negative HCV RNA at Program and Immunovirology and Lei Zhang enrolment during acute HCV infection using an Pathogenesis Program Funding: NIH; program grant established HCV Murex HCV Serotyping Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Kit, within the ATAHC cohort and the broader Program and Immunovirology and InC3 Collaborative Group. Therapeutic research Pathogenesis Program Personnel: Brendan Jacka, Tanya Applegate, Jason Grebely, Greg Dore RAMPT-C cohort Collaborators: Janke Schinkel, University of Ribavirin concentrations in with chronic Defining risk and mechanisms of permucosal Amsterdam; Naglaa Shoukry, University of HCV in subjects CHARIOT Determinants of plasma ribavirin concentration transmission for acute HCV infection MSM and Montreal; Andrew Lloyd during the first 12 weeks of therapy in CHC IDUs within high-risk populations. This includes Funding: NIH; program grant genotype 1 patients treated within the analysis of transmission events through Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research CHARIOT study. HCV sequencing, biological and behavioural Program and Immunovirology and Personnel: Gail Matthews, Ineke Shaw, Rachel mechanisms in incident cases. Pathogenesis Program Ali, Greg Dore Personnel: Gail Matthews, Barbara Yeung, Collaborators: John Ray, St Vincent’s Hospital Amanda Erratt, Tanya Applegate, Brendan Jacka, Greg Dore. Hepatitis C virus transmission dynamics Funding: Roche : Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Mark Danta, St Vincent’s Clinical among injection drug users in Vancouver Co-located Collaborators: Program and Immunovirology and School, UNSW; Margaret Hellard, Rose Ffrench, (ARYS / VIDUS Cohort) Pathogenesis Program Kylie Goy, Burnet Institute, Melbourne To assess HCV transmission dynamics among Funding: Program grant; project-specific grants IDUs, including HCV incidence, phylogenetics Co-located: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research and phylodynamics, within well characterised Program and Immunovirology and injecting cohorts within Vancouver. To also Co-infection Pathogenesis Program assess mixed HCV infection/reinfection and mixed HCV infection among IDUs and the Transmission networks in recently associated factors. acquired HCV (ATAHC) Personnel: Jason Grebely, Greg Dore, Tanya Explore clinical and molecular epidemiology Applegate, Brendan Jacka, Gail Matthews of HCV transmission networks in HIV+/- Collaborators: Mel Krajden, British Columbia population and assess if networks bridging into Centre for Disease Control; Zabrina Brumme, HIV- communities through phylogenetic and Simon Fraser University; Richard Harrigan, molecular clock analysis of HCV sequences. University of British Columbia, Canada Personnel: Gail Matthews, Tanya Applegate,

Members of the Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program

34 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health

STRIVE and blood borne viruses of young Indigenous Wilson, David Philp, Anthony Smith, Andrew This study is a clustered randomised people. This project will conduct the first- Grulich, James Ward community trial with an intervention of a ever Australian study describing levels of Funding: NHMRC Project Grants sexual health quality improvement program knowledge, risk practice and access to health Located: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander aimed at reaching best-practice targets in STI services in relation to sexually transmissible Health Program control. It is located in 67 remote communities, infections (STIs) and blood borne viruses (BBVs) comprised of 23 clusters of communities, in the of young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Northern Territory, Western Australia and Far people aged 16 to 30 years. SHIMMER: NSW Aboriginal Health Research Program North Queensland. Over the next three years Status: Currently underway; five of 40 survey This grant aims to develop an Aboriginal Health eight clusters of communities will be randomly collections sites completed Research Program within NSW Aboriginal assigned to receive the intervention. Personnel: James Ward, Heather Worth, Dea Communities. This grant includes a trial aimed Status: Baseline prevalence data for chlamydia, Delaney-Thiele, John Kaldor, Smith A, Marion at enhancing clinical practice to reduce STIS in gonorrhoea and trichomonas has been Pitts, Joanne Bryant, Clint Arizmendi urban and regional Aboriginal primary health completed from each of the 67 clinics Funding: Australian Research Council (ARC) care settings in NSW. Personnel: John Kaldor, James Ward, Alice Linkage Grant Status: Research progressing Rumbold, Rebecca Guy, Robyn McDermott Located: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Personnel: James Ward, Basil Donovan, , Lisa Maher, Basil Donovan, Linda Garton, Health Program Rebecca Guy, Simon Graham, Janet Knox, Christopher Fairley, Bronwyn Silver, Janet Knox, Handan Wand, John Kaldor Belinda Hengel, David Glance, Skye McGregor, Funding: NSW Health Donna Ah Chee, John Boffa, Steven Skov HIV Modelling Grant Modelling the interaction between sexually Located: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Funding: NHMRC Project Grant transmitted infections and HIV transmission Health Program Located: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Program to inform public health policy. This project will conduct quantitative analyses using Increasing completeness of ‘Aboriginality’ epidemiology, mathematical modelling, and in infectious diseases data through health economics to investigate the impact REACCH: Research Excellence in record linkage – a feasibility study of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), Aboriginal Community Controlled Health The aim of this project is therefore to improve REACCH brings together the leading Australian and where applicable injecting drug use, on availability and validity of epidemiological data institution dedicated to clinical research on population level transmission of HIV. on notifiable diseases in Aboriginal people in sexually transmitted and blood borne viral Status: Literature review complete; models NSW so that incidence and prevalence of these infections (NCHECR), and the peak organisation under development diseases can be more accurately estimated. for Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Personnel: David Wilson, Richard Gray, James The objective of this project is to link records Services (NACCHO). Together, NCHECR and Ward, Jonathon Anderson, Rob Carter from the Notifiable Diseases Database (NDD) NACCHO will develop and implement a clinical Funding: NHMRC Project Grant with other routinely collected population research program through five selected ACCHS Located: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health databases to prepare a de-identified in urban and regional areas that with an aim Health Program ‘snapshot’ dataset, with improved completeness of improving clinical practice and program of ‘Aboriginality’. delivery in this sector. Status: Linkage complete; data analysis and STI Modelling Grant Status: Research being undertaken in each of interpretation underway This grant will use mathematical models to the partner organisation sites Personnel: Jeremy McAnulty, James Ward assess the impact of interventions to reduce Personnel: John Kaldor, James Ward, Dea Funding: NSW Health sexually transmitted infections in Australia. Delaney Thiele, Sophie Couzos, David Located: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander The aims of this project will be to develop Scrimgeour, Jenny Hunt, Greg Dore, Basil Health Program Donovan, Mary Ellen Harrod, Maurice Shipp dynamic mathematical models to describe the Funding: NHMRC Centre for Clinical Research transmission of chlamydia, gonorrhoea and Excellence (CCRE) syphilis in Australian populations and to further Development and trial of Key Located: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander our understanding of their epidemiology. These Performance Indicators for Sexually Health Program will be used to assess the impact of interventions Transmitted Infection control in clinical and the cost effectiveness on the incidence settings with high bacterial prevalence and prevalence of chlamydia, gonorrhoea and A review of the literature has revealed a lack of GOANNA syphilis in Australian populations. performance indicators relevant to settings with The first Australian study assessing knowledge, Status: Several models completed, analysis and a high prevalence of bacterial STI, such as in risk behaviours and health service access in interpretation underway the Northern Territory (NT). This project aims to relation to sexually transmissible infections Personnel: Jane Hocking, David Regan, David identify, develop, trial and endorse a core set of

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 35 key performance indicators (KPI) relevant to STI in relation to the management of women infections (STIs) in Indigenous communities. control in the NT. This will improve monitoring of reproductive age who present to remote With a focus on adolescents and young adults in of STI control programs allowing comparison community clinics in Central Australia with signs urban settings, the Australian component of the between regions and services. and symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease study seeks to identify factors that protect against Status: Completed in 2010 and or urinary tract infection. acquisition of BBV/STI and promote access Personnel: Bronwyn Silver, Alice Rumbold, Status: Data collection complete, interpretation to prevention and treatment, and provide James Ward, John Kaldor, Steven Skov and analysis and dissemination underway capacity building opportunities for Indigenous Funding: NHMRC Program Grant Personnel: Bronwyn Silver, Alice Rumbold, researchers and Aboriginal Community Located: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Kirsty Smith, Janet Knox, James Ward, John Controlled Health Services. In 2010 the third Health Program Kaldor, Jacqueline Boyle and final component of the Australian arm was Funding: NHMRC Program Grant completed, involving more than 300 interviews Located: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander with young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander A situational analysis of public health Health Program people in Townsville and Perth. responses to chronic hepatitis B in the Status: Ongoing Torres Strait: Personnel: Julie Mooney-Somers, Anna Olsen, This study is designed to identify priorities Indigenous injecting use in Queensland Marlene Thompson, Lisa Maher, John Kaldor for an effective public health response to (IIDU): a peer based research project Collaborators: Townsville Aboriginal and chronic hepatitis B in the Torres Strait through This research aims to explore the patterns of Islanders Health Service Ltd; The Aboriginal describing the impact of chronic hepatitis use, risks and outcomes of Indigenous injecting Medical Service Coop Ltd, Redfern; Derbarl B infection on people and communities drug users (IDUs) in Queensland. Yerrigan Health Service, Perth; Centre for throughout the Torres Strait and to document Status: Data collection currently underway Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, how health service providers respond. Personnel: Robert Kemp, Jake Najman, Sidney Health Canada; Canadian Aboriginal AIDS Status: Data collection underway Williams, James Ward Network; University of Ottawa; Ngã Pae o Personnel: Patricia Fagan, Cheryl Sendall, Funding: Queensland Health te Mãramatanga, University of Auckland; Yoko Nakata, Marian Pitts, Jack Wallace, James Located: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Auckland University of Technology; University Ward, Stephen McNally Health Program of Otago Medical School Funding: Latrobe University Funding: Tripartite Cooperation Agreement Located: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander between Canadian Institutes of Health Health Program The role of resiliency in responding to blood-borne viral and sexually Research (CIHR); National Health and Medical transmitted infections in Indigenous Research Council of Australia (NHMRC); Health Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in communities Research Council of New Zealand (HRC) the primary health care setting: an A collaborative project between Australia, Canada Located: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and investigation of clinical management. and New Zealand to examine resilience to blood- Prevention Program and Public Health This project is a review of current clinical practice borne viruses (BBVs) and sexually transmissible Interventions Research Group

Members of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Program

36 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Liver Spots: A study of hepatitis B knowledge, treatment and health care among This project aims to engage Indigenous individuals, families and communities affected by hepatitis B, as well as health care providers and policy makers in addressing the social and treatment needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people living with chronic hepatitis B. Working with both urban and rural/remote communities, the study will investigate facilitators and barriers to biomedical knowledge, cultural healthcare needs, traditional health beliefs and facilitators and barriers of treatment uptake. Information generated from in-depth interviews and survey data will contribute to meeting the chronic health management and treatment needs of participating individuals and communities as well as providing data to inform the development of culturally appropriate resources and services for Indigenous Australians. Pilot work on the project began in late 2010. Status: Ongoing Personnel: Anna Olsen, Lisa Maher Collaborator: Tullawon Health Service, South Australia Funding: NHMRC Training Fellowship Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and Prevention Program

From Broome to Berrima: building Australia-wide research capacity in Indigenous offender health and health care delivery Australia has the highest Indigenous incarceration rate in the OECD, which impacts profoundly on Indigenous communities. Further, offender populations endure a greater health burden compared with the general community. This project is developing much needed capacity in offender health research, building a team of Indigenous researchers, and creating and Australia-wide network for sharing knowledge in this field. Outcomes will include better Indigenous offender health services and improved well being for this marginalised population. Status: Ongoing Personnel: John Kaldor Collaborators: Tony Butler, Michael Levy, Fadwa Al-Yaman, Kay Wilhelm, Mick Dodson, Dennis Gray, Steve Allsop, Curtin University Funding: NHMRC Capacity Building Grant Located: Public Health Interventions Research Group

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 37 International health

Survey of epidemiological cohort TREAT Asia Studies Evaluating studies and specimen sample sets and Asia-Pacific region Resistance (TASER) development of technical guidance There are two studies: First, a surveillance study documents for HIV incidence assays TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TASER-S) examining rates of transmitted The goal of the project is to advance assay (TAHOD) HIV-resistance in newly diagnosed HIV- identification and development for both the Observational cohort study of patients with infected subjects not previously treated with detection of acutely HIV infected persons HIV at 18 sites throughout the Asia-Pacific antiretroviral drugs. Second, a monitoring and for the identification of specimens from region. Demographic, clinical and treatment study (TASER-M) assessing rates of developing recently HIV infected persons. This project data are aggregated twice each year via HIV-resistance in patients starting antiretroviral will add to the knowledge of how existing and electronic data transfer. treatments. developing science can lead to such assays Status: At the data transfer in March 2010, Status: Approximately 1500 naive and and build resources that can be used for the baseline and retrospective data from about experienced patients had been recruited to evaluation and validation of assays. A Request 5000 patients from 18 sites were aggregated. TASER-M. Enrolment has ceased for the for Proposals will be created to stimulate the It is expected that follow up will continue for majority of the sites in 2010 with follow up development of new assays. at least a further three years. continuing until mid 2011. Two new sites from Status: Project completed 2010 Personnel: Jialun Zhou, Rebecca Oyomopito, Malaysia and Thailand have joined TASER-M Personnel: John Kaldor, Joanne Micallef Julian Elliott, Preeyaporn Srasuebkul, and recruitment for these two sites will Collaborators: Timothy Mastro, Connie Sexton, Matthew Law, David Cooper continue until 2011 Mary Lynn Baniecki, JMG Garcia, Gaby Collaborators: Network of 18 clinical sites at TASER-S: Approximately 450 patients have Vercauteren, Family Health International countries throughout the Asia-Pacific region been recruited from 5 sites. Recruitment has Funding: Gates Foundation Grant Funding: American Foundation for AIDS ceased for this study. Located: Public Health Interventions Research Research (amfAR) via a US National Institutes Personnel: Awachana Jiamsakul, Jialun Zhou, Group of Health grant through the International Matthew Law Epidemiologic Databases Evaluating AIDS Collaborators: Network of 12 sites in South East collaboration Asia Located: Biostatistics and Databases Program Funding: American Foundation for AIDS

Members of the Public Health Interventions Group

38 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Research (amfAR) via a grant from the To ensure capacity in HIV resistance testing McGregor, Janaki Amin, Kathy Petoumenos, government of the Netherlands in the Asia-Pacific region, a quality assurance Sarah Huffam Located: Biostatistics and Databases Program scheme was implemented. Twice a year, Collaborators: IHRG, ARCSHS, ASHM, Albion HIV-infected blood samples are distributed to Street Centre, NRL, Scarlet Alliance, AFAO, AIVL laboratories around the region, with returned (Australia); NCHADS (Cambodia); JEN, Udayana TREAT Asia Paediatric HIV Observational HIV resistance test results compared to a University, Gadjah Mada University (Indonesia) Database (TApHOD) consensus result. Funding: AusAID TREAT Asia Paediatric HIV Observational Status: Two sets of blood samples were Located: Public Health Interventions Research Database (TApHOD) is a collaborative cohort of circulated in March and October to up to 22 Group HIV-infected children in the Asia-Pacific region. laboratories. The study participants are recruited from Personnel: Jialun Zhou, Rebecca Oyomopito, TREAT Asia clinical sites. Demographic, clinical Matthew Law Cambodia and treatment data are aggregated twice each Collaborators: Network of 22 laboratories; year via electronic data transfer. Currently, 16 National Reference Laboratory, Melbourne; sites in six countries have agreed to participate Stanford University Culture and HIV Prevention in Cambodia transferred their data to the NCHECR. Funding: American Foundation for AIDS This study assesses two cultural measures Status: Up to March 2010, 3635 children were Research (amfAR) particular to Asian cultures, ‘harmonious recruited into TApHOD. Further recruitment Located: Biostatistics and Databases Program control’ and ‘fatalism’ and their association with is planned for 2011 and follow-up for at least HIV infection and related risk and preventive three years. One new site in Vietnam and one in behaviour, including adherence to a preventive Indonesia will join TApHOD soon. These two new HIV Consortium for Partnerships in Asia vaccine regimen, among young women working sites will have their first transfer in March 2011. and the Pacific in the sex and entertainment industry in Phnom Personnel: Azar Kariminia, Matthew Law The HIV Consortium for Partnership in Asia Penh, Cambodia. Phase 1 consists of a formative Collaborators: Network of 18 sites initially and the Pacific was established in 2007 and qualitative phase to assess the constructs of throughout the Asia-Pacific region has nine member organisations comprising harmonious control and fatalism, risk behaviours, Funding: TApHOD is funded by The Foundation a broad range of HIV advocacy and technical and attitudes toward biomedical prevention for AIDS Research (amfAR), the Austrian AIDS expertise from Australia. The Consortium and technologies. Phase 2 consists of a prospective Life Association, and the U. S. National Institute its members are responsible for implementing observational study with clinical and serological of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) AusAID’s Regional HIV Capacity Building assessments for HIV and other STIs, risk Located: Biostatistics and Databases Program Program. NCHECR is partnering with academic behaviours and measurement of adherence to a institutions in Indonesia and Cambodia to build multidose preventive HPV vaccine series. capacity in HIV research methodologies. Status: Ongoing TREAT Asia Quality Assurance Scheme Status: Ongoing Personnel: Julie Mooney-Somers, John Kaldor, (TAQAS) Personnel: Louise Causer, John Kaldor, Skye Lisa Maher

Members of the Biostatistics and Database Program

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 39 Collaborators: University of California, San National Development and Research Institutes, Francisco (lead); NCHADS; Cambodian Women’s New York; National Centre for HIV Social Papua New Guinea Development Association Research; The Burnet Institute. Funding: National Institutes of Health Funding: Economic and Social Research Council Women’s and men’s experiences of Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and preventing mother-to-child transmission Prevention Program Prevention Program (PMTCT) in Papua New Guinea: a gendered socio-cultural analysis of barriers Cambodian Treatment Access Program An international research workshop and facilitators for program engagement PNG is experiencing an expanding (CTAP) focused on newly acquired hepatitis C in heterosexual HIV epidemic, placing an Increasing access to antiretroviral treatment injecting drug users increasing number of newborns at risk of in Cambodia through the establishment of This grant was used to organise and support acquiring infection. This research seeks to treatment clinics and technical assistance to the the 2nd Workshop of the InC3 Collaborative understand the gendered socio-cultural national HIV treatment program. Group held on 15 April 2010 prior to the EASL aspects influencing the uptake and outcomes Status: Completed 2010 Congress in Vienna, Austria. The meeting of PMTCT programs from the perspectives Personnel: Sarah Huffam, John Kaldor, David included international researchers across a of antenatal women, their partners, and Cooper range of disciplines with cohorts evaluating health care workers. It seeks to undertake an Collaborators: National Center for HIV/AIDS, acute HCV among PWID. assessment of PMTCT programs; examine Dermatology and STDs; National Institute for Status: Ongoing knowledge, attitudes and decision-making Public Health; Phillip Cunningham, St Vincent’s Personnel: Jason Grebely, Lisa Maher, Gregory processes regarding PMTCT; test enablers of Hospital Dore return for safe delivery and post-natal care; Funding: Roche Collaborators: Centre de Recherche du CHUM, examine experiences of consent, counselling Located: Public Health Interventions Research Canada (lead); University of California San and confidentiality; determine gender-specific Group Francisco (UCSF); Amsterdam Public Health barriers/facilitators to accessing PMTCT Service, The Netherlands; Viral Hepatitis Clinical programs; develop recommendations for Research Program; The Burnet Institute; Johns improved PMTCT programs. Hopkins University Status: Commenced late 2009 China Funding: Canadian Institutes of Health John Kaldor Research Personnel: Collaborators: Heather Worth, Angela Kelly, Evaluation in China Location: Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and Barbara Kepa, Martha Kupul, Grace Kariwiga, Review and evaluation of HIV epidemics in China. Prevention Program Status: Ongoing Glen Mola, Tarcisia Hunhoff, PNG Institute Personnel: David Wilson, Lei Zhang, Eric Chow, of Medical Research, UNICEF, University of Zhuang Xun, Lorraine Yap, Zunyou Wu, Jun Evaluating the effectiveness of needle Papua New Guinea, Catholic Health Services, Zhang, Jun Jing and syringe programs in Eastern Europe International HIV Research Group, UNSW Funding: World Bank Global HIV/AIDS Status: Data collation tool developed and Funding: AusAID Australian Development Program, UNSW, AusAID distributed to six Eastern European countries. Research Award Collaborator: China CDC, Tsinghua University Personnel: David Wilson, Lei Zhang, Amy Kwon Located: Public Health Interventions Research Funding: UNAIDS Group Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program for Public Health Europe Research and education in HIV/AIDS for resource-poor countries: REACH Staying Safe: A sociology of how Initiative Diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV injecting drug users avoid viral infection infected and uninfected children in Papua in the long-term Fiji New Guinea with a T-cell based assay: a This study aims to reconstruct the life prospective study trajectories of injecting drug users to identify Scabies - Factors associated with Diagnosis of PTB in children in settings such as social practices and conditions linked to long scabies in a highly endemic population Papua New Guinea (PNG) is therefore usually term avoidance of hepatitis C virus infection. This study has three main objectives: made on the basis of a combination of contact Using qualitative life history studies from to characterise the participants in a Fiji history, clinical findings, tuberculin skin test long-term PWID who have not been exposed community survey of scabies; to identify (TST) and radiological findings if available. This to hepatitis C alongside those who have been environmental and demographic risk factors approach can lack sensitivity and specificity, exposed; this is the first research in the UK for scabies in Fiji; and to provide information particularly in young children who are the most on long-term avoidance of viral infections on possible preventative measures for scabies. susceptible group to TB disease in childhood. associated with injecting drug use. To date a Status: Commenced late 2010 As a result, children may be either under- or total of 13 in-depth qualitative interviews have Personnel: John Kaldor over-treated. The project aims to investigate been conducted. Collaborators: Lucia Romani, Margot the role of the QFN test in the management of Status: Ongoing. Whitfield, Andrew Steer paediatric TB in PNG. Personnel: Lisa Maher Funding: private philanthropy Status: Ongoing Collaborators: London School Hygiene Located: Public Health Interventions Research Personnel: Wari Allison, John Kaldor, Louise Tropical Medicine, University of London (lead); Group Causer

40 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Collaborators: Hong Van Tieu, Dr Jintanat, Kaldor, John Millan, Joyce Sauk, Herick Aeno, Dr Thanyawee, John Vince, Prof Tefuarani, James Neo, Zure Kombati Vietnam Mobumo Kiromat Collaborators: PNG Institute of Medical Funding: Tibotec Virco Virology BVBA Research, University of Queensland. Evaluation of the epidemiological impact of Located: Public Health Interventions Research Funding: National AIDS Council Secretariat, harm reduction programs across Vietnam Group Papua New Guinea (NACS) This project involves the use of mathematical Located: Public Health Interventions Research modelling techniques to evaluate the likely Group epidemiological impact of peer-education MCAIS: Male Circumcision Acceptability based harm reduction programs (distribution & Impact Study, PNG of condoms and needles and syringes) across This four-year multi-disciplinary community- HSV-2 / HIV Epidemiology Study, PNG numerous provinces in Vietnam. based research program is investigating This project will investigate the epidemiology Status: Ongoing the potential of male circumcision for HIV of Herpes simplex Type-2 (HSV-2) among 100 Personnel: David Wilson, Lei Zhang, Richard prevention in Papua New Guinea and has HIV sero-positive and 200 HIV sero-negative Gray, Rosie Thein, Amy Kwon four principal components: ethnographic individuals attending sexual health clinics in Funding: World Bank, UNSW, NHMRC research; mathematical modelling; health Goroka and Mt Hagen, PNG; and investigate Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program systems research; and longitudinal clinical the performance of different diagnostic assays for Public Health cohort studies. The study is being carried for the detection of HSV-2. out among a combination of general and Status: Fieldwork to commence Feb 2011; at-risk population cohorts at multiple sites study to be completed by Dec 2011 Evaluating Needle-Syringe Programs in in PNG. A sub-study to investigate the Personnel: Claire Ryan, Peter Siba, Andrew Vietnam notional acceptability of a vaginal microbicide Vallely, John Kaldor, Zure Kombati, Tawarot Status: Analysis complete surrogate for HIV prevention among women Kurumop, Petronia Kaima Personnel: David Wilson, Lei Zhang, Virginia Loo and men attending a sexual health clinic in Collaborators: PNG Institute of Medical Funding: The World Bank Port Moresby was completed in 2010. Research, Goroka General Hospital, Mt Hagen Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program Status: To be completed December 2011 General Hospital for Public Health Personnel: Andrew Vallely, John Kaldor, Peter Funding: National AIDS Council Secretariat, Siba, Angela Kelly, Lisa Fitzgerald, Claire Papua New Guinea (NACS) Ryan, James Neo, Martha Kupul, Herick Aeno, Located: Public Health Interventions Research Voletta Fiya, Petronia Kaima, Zure Kombati, Group John Millan, Greg Law, Joyce Sauk, Andrew Page, John Murray, David Wilson, Richard Gray Peter Hill, Anna Tynan Evaluating and predicting the Collaborators: PNG Institute of Medical epidemiological impact of health Research, University of Queensland, Mt policies for reducing HIV in Melanesian Hagen General Hospital, HOPE Worldwide, and South-East Asian populations National Department of Health, PNG. Personnel: David Wilson, Alexander Hoare, Funding: AusAID Australian Development John Murray, John Kaldor, Matthew Law, Research Award (ADRA) Richard Gray, Kel Heymer, Amy Kwon, Lei Located: Public Health Interventions Research Zhang, Cliff Kerr Group Status: Models have been developed Funding: AusAID Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program NACS Masculinities Study, PNG for Public Health This two-year multi-disciplinary community- based research program will investigate the role that individual, community and cultural constructs of masculinity, male sexuality and sexual agency have in determining sexual behaviour among young men in PNG, and specifically, their role in promoting behaviours Thailand known to increase the risk of HIV and STIs among men and women. The study will be Modelling HIV Vaccines (international conducted in Eastern and Western Highlands collaboration with Centers for Disease Provinces, PNG where 50 to 60 in-school and Control) out-of school male youth aged 16-17 years Status: Thailand model ongoing. Project will be recruited into a qualitative longitudinal complete. research study and followed up every three Personnel: Richard Gray, Karen Schneider, Alex months for up to 18 months. Hoare, David Wilson Status: Fieldwork to commence March 2011. Funding: nil Personnel: Andrew Vallely, Angela Kelly, Lisa Location: Surveillance and Evaluation Program Fitzgerald, Peter Siba, Maxine Whittaker, John for Public Health

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 41 Commissioned reviews

Report on the sex industry in New South Wales This is a state specific report of the Sex Industry in New South Wales that was commissioned by the NSW Health Department. Status: Report in preparation Personnel: Basil Donovan, Chris Harcourt, John Kaldor Collaborators: Sandra Egger, Sepehr Tabrizi, Christopher Fairley Funding: NSW Health Located: Sexual Health Program

Report on the sex industry in Western Australia This is a state-specific report of the Sex Industry in Western Australia that was commissioned by the Western Australian Health Department. Status: Final report submitted 2010 Personnel: Basil Donovan, Chris Harcourt, Karen Schneider, Jody O’Connor Collaborators: Sandra Egger, Christopher Fairley, Marcus Chen, Lewis Marshall, Funding: Western Australian Health Department Located: Sexual Health Program

NSW Chlamydia review In October 2009 the NSW Ministerial Advisory Committee on HIV and Sexually Transmissible Infections (CAS) Health Promotion Sub-Committee decided to review the NSW response to chlamydia. A Chlamydia Working Group was established to review the literature and to provide advice and planning support for the creation of NSW Chlamydia strategy. Status: Report in preparation Personnel: Hammad Ali, Rebecca Guy, Bette Liu, Basil Donovan, John Kaldor Collaborators: Jane Hocking, Chris Bourne Funding: NSW Health Located: Sexual Health Program

42 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Biostatistics and database support

Writing clinical trial databases, and providing biostatistical input to the design and analysis of all NCHECR projects. Status: During 2010, members of the Program actively contributed to the design of, or analysed data from, the ALTAIR, ENCORE, SMART, ESPRIT, SILCAAT, Second line, Lipodystrophy Case Definition and MARCH studies (see Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Program); the ATAHC study (Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program);the ACCEPt study (Sexual Health Program); the STRIVE study (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Study); the NSP survey (Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and Prevention Program); and national surveillance activities (Surveillance and Evaluation Program for Public Health). Personnel: Noorul Absar, Amit Achhra, Janaki Amin, Rossitza Chevkenova, Paul Fahey, Kathy Petoumenos, Handan Wand, Jialun Zhou Collaborators: Other programs at NCHECR Funding: Project-specific grants Located: Biostatistics and Databases Program

Members of the Biostatistics and Database Program

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 43 Advisory committees

National Bloodborne Virus Catherine Farrell (from July) Surveillance Committees Director, BBV and STIs Section, Targeted and Sexually Transmissible Prevention Programs Branch, Population Infections Surveillance Annual Surveillance Report Health Division, Department of Health and Committee Ageing Advisory Committee Lisa Hall (from May) John Kaldor PhD (Chair) Epidemiologist, Communicable Disease Unit, John Kaldor PhD (Chair) NCHECR Queensland Health NCHECR Mark Bartlett BSc, Dip Ed, RGN, MPH, Grad Carolien Giele RN, RM, BSc(Hons), Grad Dip Basil Donovan MB BS, MD, Dip Ven (London), Dip App Epi (to April) Clin Epi, MPH FAChSHM, FAFPHM, FRCPI Senior Surveillance Officer, Communicable Epidemiologist, Communicable Disease Control NCHECR Diseases Branch, NSW Health Directorate, Department of Health, Perth Andrew Grulich MB BS, MSc, PhD, FAFPHM Frances Birrell MPH, MAppEpid, GCSc(Stats) Andrew Grulich MB BS, MSc, PhD, FAFPHM NCHECR (to December) NCHECR Phillip Keen BA, Dip Comm Ser (CommWork) Epidemiologist, Communicable Disease Unit, Rebecca Guy BAppSc(Med Lab Sc), HIV Education and Health Promotion Officer, Queensland Health MAppEpid PhD Campaign and Resource Development, Gay Barry Combs PhD (to December) NCHECR Men’s Education, Australian Federation of AIDS Senior Project Officer, HIV Surveillance, Margaret Hellard MB BS, FRACP, PhD, Organisations, Sydney Communicable Disease Control Directorate, FAFPHM

Lisa Maher PhD Department of Health, Perth Head, Centre for Epidemiology and Population NCHECR Joy Copland MSc, MPH Health Research, Macfarlane Burnet Institute , Ann McDonald BSc MPH Manager, Disease Surveillance and for Medical Research and Public Health, NCHECR Investigation Section, Communicable Disease Melbourne

Tadgh McMahon DrPH Control Branch, Department of Health, Adelaide Nasra Higgins BHlthSc(EnvHlth), Grad Dip Manager, Multicultural HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis Maureen Davey (from May) Epid & Biostat, MEpid C Service, Sydney Specialist Medical Advisor, Population Health, Surveillance Officer, Epidemiology and Rhonda Owen BSc (Hons), Grad Dip Business, Department of Health and Human Services, Surveillance Program, Communicable Disease Grad Dip Clin Epid Hobart Control Unit, Public Health Branch, Department Epidemiologist, Surveillance Systems and Tess Davey Grad Dip (HealthCoun), Grad Dip of Human Services, Melbourne Policy Section, Surveillance Branch, Office of Clin Epi, Cert Nursing Kellie Kwan Health Protection, Department of Health and Manager, Surveillance Section, STD Services, Senior Research Officer, Sexually Transmitted Ageing Royal Adelaide Hospital Infections and Blood Borne Viruses, Cindy Shannon BA, Grad Dip Ed (Tert), MBA, John Daye OAM Communicable Disease Control Directorate, DSocSc Co-convenor, Health, Treatments and Research Department of Health, Perth Chair, Indigenous Australians’ Sexual Health Portfolio, National Association of People Living Annie Madden BA (Gender Studies & Asian Committee; Professor and Director, Centre for with HIV/AIDS, Sydney Studies), Cert IV Community Work Indigenous Health, University of Queensland Basil Donovan MB BS, MD, Dip Ven (London), Executive Officer, Australian Injecting and Illicit Helen Tyrrell RN, BA (Hons), MBA, FACHSE, CHE FAChSHM, FAFPHM, FRCPI Drug Users League, Canberra Chief Executive Officer, Hepatitis Australia, NCHECR Paul Magnus MB BS Canberra Dominic Dwyer BSc(Med), MB BS, MD, Medical Adviser, Australian Institute of Health Robert van der Hoek FRACP, FRCPA and Welfare, Canberra Senior Research Analyst, Australian Institute of Staff Specialist, Centre for Infectious Diseases Lisa Maher PhD Health and Welfare, Canberra and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute NCHECR Russell Waddell MB BS, BSc, FAChSHM of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Ann McDonald BSc, MPH Director, STD Services, Royal Adelaide Hospital Westmead Hospital, Sydney NCHECR Handan Wand MA, MSc, PhD Carol El-Hayek BSc MAE Joanne Micallef, BMedSc(Hons), PhD (from June) NCHECR Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health BBV and STI Epidemiologist, Communicable Iryna Zablotska MD, PhD Research, Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Diseases Branch, NSW Health Research Fellow, National Centre in HIV Social Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne Anthony Moore (from January) Research, UNSW Christopher Fairley MB BS, PhD, FRACP, Public Health Registrar, Health Protection Melanie Middleton BMedSc, MPH (Secretary) FAChSHM, FAFPHM Service, ACT Health NCHECR Professor of Sexual Health, University of Jo Murray RN, RM, Grad Dip Nursing Footnote *Subcommittee of the Communicable Melbourne; Director, Melbourne Sexual Health Clinical Nurse Consultant, AIDS Medical Unit, Diseases Network Australia Centre Queensland Health

44 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Rhonda Owen BSc(Hons), Grad Dip Business, Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth Jason Appleby Grad Dip Clin Epid (to March) Tracy Dobie Policy Analyst, Australian Federation of AIDS Epidemiologist, Surveillance Systems and Manager, Needle and Syringe and Pharmacy Organisations, Sydney Policy Section, Surveillance Branch, Office of Program, Directions, Canberra Mark Bloch MB BS, MMed Health Protection, Department of Health and Greg Dore MB BS, BSc, PhD, FRACP, MPH General Practitioner, Holdsworth House Ageing NCHECR General Practice, Sydney Kate Robinson (from April) Tania Hunt Dip Soc Sc Mark Boyd BA, BM, BS, DCTM&H, MHID, Epidemiologist, Surveillance Systems and Policy Harm Reduction Coordinator, Tasmanian MD, FRACP (Convenor) Section, Surveillance Branch, Office of Health Council on AIDS, Hepatitis and Related NCHECR Protection, Department of Health and Ageing Diseases Suzanne Crowe MB BS, FRACP, MD Cindy Shannon BA, Grad Dip Ed (Tert), MBA, Roland Jauernig BA(Psych), MAppSc Professor and Head, AIDS Pathogenesis and DSocSc Manager, Health Protection Services, Clinical Research Program, Macfarlane Burnet Chair, Indigenous Australians’ Sexual Health Department of Human Services, Melbourne Institute for Medical Research and Public Committee; John Kaldor PhD Health, Melbourne Professor and Director, Centre for Indigenous NCHECR William Donohue MB BS, BMedSc Health, The University of Queensland Robert Kemp Director, The Care and Prevention Programme, Jiunn-Yih Su MB, MPH Manager, Queensland Needle and Syringe Adelaide University Surveillance Project Officer, Sexual Health and Program, Queensland Health Dominic Dwyer BSc (Med), MB BS, FRACP, Blood Borne Viruses Unit, Centre for Disease Shayne Kilford FRCPA Control, Northern Territory Department of Needle and Syringe Program Coordinator, Staff Specialist, Medical Virology and Clinical Health and Community Services Northern Territory AIDS and Hepatitis Council Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Diseases John Tapsall MB BS, MD, FRCPA (from August) Stephen Lymb BA, Grad Dip Soc Sc and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Director, WHO Collaborating Centre for STD, Manager, Harm Reduction, Drug and Alcohol Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Microbiology Department, The Prince of Services South Australia, Southern Adelaide Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney Wales Hospital, Sydney Health Service Sian Edwards RGN, BSc, MSc Helen Tyrrell RN, BA(Hons), MBA, FACHSE, CHE Lisa Maher PhD HIV Research Nurse, Northside Clinic, Chief Executive Officer, Hepatitis Australia, NCHECR Melbourne Canberra Greg Perry RN, RPN, Grad Dip Soc Sc Julian Elliott MB BS, FRACP Russell Waddell MB BS, BSc, FAChSHM Nurse Unit Manager, Biala, Alcohol and Drug Assistant Head, Clinical Research, Infectious Director, STD Services, Royal Adelaide Hospital Service, The Prince Charles Hospital Health Diseases Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne James Ward Service District, Queensland Health Beng Eu MB BS NCHECR Fiona Poeder General Practitioner and Director, Prahran Kate Ward MPH Hepatitis C Education Program Manager; Market Clinic, Melbourne Blood Borne Viruses and Sexually Transmitted Australian Injecting and Illicit Drug Users Martyn French MB ChB, FRACP, MD, Infections Epidemiologist, Communicable League (AIVL), Canberra FRCPath, FRCP (Chair) Diseases Branch, NSW Health John Ryan BA, LLB Clinical Director, Department of Clinical Matthias Wentzlaff-Eggebert MMgt (Comm Chief Executive Officer, Association for Immunology and Biochemical Genetics, Mgt) Prevention and Harm Reduction Programs Royal Perth Hospital; Clinical Professor in Manager, HIV/Hepatitis C Policy and Australia (Anex), Melbourne Immunology, University of Western Australia Programs, Communicable Disease Control Francine Smith Adeeba Kamarulzaman MB BS, FRACP Branch, Department of Health, Adelaide Acting State Coordinator, Population Health, Consultant Physician in Infectious Diseases, Melanie Middleton BMedSc, MPH (Secretary) Department of Health and Human Services, Clinical Investigations Centre, University NCHECR Hobart of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Libby Topp BSc(Psychol)(Hons), PhD Malaysia NCHECR Graham Mills MB ChB, MTH, FRACP Australian Needle and Syringe Owen Westcott BA Infectious Disease Physician, Respiratory Program Survey Advisory Group Senior Policy Analyst, Harm Minimisation, and Infectious Diseases, Waikato Hospital, AIDS/Infectious Diseases Branch, NSW Health Hamilton NZ Alex Wodak MB BS, FRACP, FAChAM (Chair) Jenny Iversen BAppSc (Secretary) Richard Moore MB BS, Dip RACOG, FRACGP, Director, Alcohol and Drug Service, St Vincent’s NCHECR Dip Ven Hospital, Sydney General Practitioner, Carlton Clinic, Melbourne; Danielle Bament BA, MPHC Sessional HIV Specialist, Melbourne Sexual Manager, Clean Needle Program, Drug and Health Centre Alcohol Services South Australia, Southern NCHECR Working Groups Clinical Assistant, Infectious Diseases Unit, The Adelaide Health Service Alfred Hospital, Melbourne Jude Bevan BAppSc, Grad Dip HSc Catriona Ooi BSc(Med), MB BS, FAChSHM, Senior Policy and Planning Officer (Hepatitis The Antiretroviral Working MM (HIV/STIs) C), Sexual Health and Blood Borne Virus Group Staff Specialist, Hunter New England Health Program, Department of Health, Perth Service Tony Butler PhD Janaki Amin BSc(Hons), MPH(Hons), PhD Jeffrey Post MBBS (Hons 1) PhD FRACP Associate Professor, National Drug Research NCHECR Senior Staff Specialist, Department of Infec-

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 45 tious Diseases and Albion Street Centre, Prince Professor of Sexual Health Medicine, University Specialist General Practitioner, Taylor Square of Wales Hospital, Randwick NSW Conjoint of Sydney Director, Sexually Transmitted Private Clinic, Sydney Senior Lecturer, UNSW Infections Research Centre, Westmead Hospital, Norman Roth MB BS, Dip Av Med, Dip Ven, John Quin MB BS (Hons), PhD, FRACP, FRCPA Sydney FAChSHM (Deputy Chair) Kathy Petoumenos BSc, MA, MPH (Hons), PhD General Practitioner, Prahran Market Clinic, Director of Clinical Immunology, HIV Medicine NCHECR Melbourne and Sexual Health, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney Anna Pierce MB BS, FRACP (Deputy Chair) John Zaunders BSc (Hons) Brett Ritchie BSc (Hons), MB BS, FRACP Clinical Research Fellow, The Alfred Hospital, Senior Scientist, Centre for Immunology, St Infectious Diseases Physician, Infectious Melbourne Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney Diseases Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide Mark Saunders Don Smith MB ChB, MD Policy Officer, NACCHO Associate Professor and Head of Research Mark Stoové PhD Toxicology/Pharmacology Development, Albion Street Centre, Sydney Head, BBV/STI Research, Centre for Population Working Group Gilda Tachedjian PhD, BSc (Hons) Health, Burnet Institute Head, Molecular Interactions Group, Andrew Vallely MBBS MRCP DTMH MSc PhD Andrew Carr MD, FRACP, FRCPA Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical NCHECR Associate Professor and Senior Staff Specialist, Research and Public Health, Melbourne James Ward HIV, Immunology and Infectious Diseases Olga Vujovic MB BS, FRACP NCHECR Clinical Services Unit, St Vincent’s Hospital, Infectious Diseases Physician, Infectious David Wilson BSc, BInfTech, BAppSc(Hons), Sydney Diseases Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne , GradCert(Biostats) PhD Catherine Cherry MB BS, PhD, FRACP, Grad NCHECR Bill Whittaker AM Dip (Clin Epi) (Chair) Co-convenor, Health and Treatments Portfolio, John de Witt Infectious Diseases Physician and Senior National Association of People Living with HIV/ Director NCHSR Burnet Fellow, Macfarlane Burnet Institute AIDS, Sydney for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne Primary HIV Infection Working John Daye Biomedical Prevention Group Convenor, Health and Treatments Portfolio, Working Group NAPWA Chris Birch BSc, MSc, PhD (Chair) Jennifer Hoy FRACP, MB BS, GradDipEpiBio Basil Donovan MB BS, MD, DipVen, Senior Scientist, Victorian Infectious Diseases (Deputy Chair) FAChSHM, FAFPHM, FRCP Reference Laboratory, Melbourne Head, Clinical Research, Infectious Diseases NCHECR Peter Canavan Unit, The Alfred Hospital Christopher (Kit) Fairley FRACP PhD Senior Co-ordinator Health Treatments & Debbie Marriott BSc (Med), FRACP, FRCPA Director, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre Research Unit, NAPWA Senior Staff Specialist, Clinical Microbiology Janelle Fawkes BA Doris Chibo BAppsSc (Hons), PhD and Infectious Diseases, St Vincent’s Hospital, Manager, Scarlet Alliance, Australian Sex Senior Scientist, Victorian Infectious Disease Sydney Workers Association, Sydney Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), Melbourne Elizabeth J. Phillips, MD, FRCPC, FRACP Andrew Grulich MB BS, MSc, PhD, FAFPHM Nicky Cunningham RGN, Dip, BSc (Hons) Professor & Director, Centre for Clinical NCHECR Clinical Research Manager, Holdsworth House Pharmacology & Infectious Diseases, Murdoch Rebecca Guy MAppSc, MAppEpid, PhD Medical Practice, Sydney University, Perth; Consultant, Departments of (Acting Convenor) Philip Cunningham BAppSc (Med) Clinical Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Sir NCHECR Chief of Operations, St Vincent’s Centre for Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth; Department Jane Hocking BAppSc; MPH; MHlthSc; PhD Applied Medical Research, Sydney of Clinical Immunology and Immunogenetics, Senior Lecturer, Centre for Women’s Health, Simon Donohoe Royal Perth Hospital, Perth Gender and Society, Melbourne School of Manager, AFAO/NAPWA Education Team and Rebekah Puls BSc(Hons), PhD (Convenor) Population Health, University of Melbourne AFAO National Aboriginal and Torres Strait NCHECR John Kaldor PhD Islander HIV & Sexual Health Project Tim Read MB BS, FAChSHM NCHECR Robert Finlayson MB BS, Dip Ven, FAChSHM Sexual Health Physician, Melbourne Sexual Bernard Kealey General Practitioner, Taylor Square Private Health Centre Vice President, National Association of People Clinic, Sydney Robyn Richardson, RN Living with HIV/AIDS, Sydney Patricia Grey BA, Post Grad Dip App Sci, CNS, Project Manager, Clinical Research Program, Mike Kennedy Dip (Counselling) (Convenor) Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Executive Director, Victorian AIDS Council/Gay NCHECR Vincent’s Hospital Men’s Health Centre, Melbourne Dale A. McPhee BSc Hons (Science), PhD Handan Wand MA, MSc, PhD Tadgh McMahon DrPH Research Coordinator, National Serology NCHECR Manager, Multicultural HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis Reference Laboratory, St Vincent’s Institute, Ian Woolley MB BS, FRACP C Service, Sydney Fitzroy, Victoria Deputy Director, Infectious Diseases Lisa Maher PhD John Murray BSc (Hons), MSc, PhD Department, Monash Medical Centre, NCHECR Senior Lecturer, School of Mathematics, Melbourne Adrian Mindel MB BCh, MSc (CTM), MD, Faculty of Science, UNSW, Sydney Phillip Keen FRCP, FRACP, FAChSHM Cathy Pell MB BS, MM (Deputy Chair) HIV Educator- Gay men, AFAO

46 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Oncology Working Group Director of Clinical AIDS Services and Staff Neurosciences and Neurology, St Vincent’s Specialist in Immunology, Department of Hospital, Sydney Michael Boyle BMedSci, MB BS, MD, FRACP, Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Michael Buckland BSc (Med), MB BS, PhD, FRCPA Hospital, Sydney FRCPA Staff Specialist, Immunology and Infectious Philip Habel BSc (Hons), RN Head, Department of Neuropathology, Royal Diseases, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Trial Nurse, ACT Division of General Practice Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney NSW; Conjoint Associate Professor, University HIV Program Cate Carey RN, BA, MAppSc (Convenor) of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Mina John MB BS, FRACP, FRCPA NCHECR Mitchell Chipman MB BS, FRACP Clinical Immunologist and Immunopathologist, Melissa Churchill BSc (Hons), PhD Medical Oncologist, The Alfred Hospital, Royal Perth Hospital Senior Research Fellow, Macfarlane Burnet Melbourne Anthony Kelleher BSc (Hons), MB BS (Hons), Institute for Medical Research and Public Lyndal Daly BN Grad Dip (Crit Care) PhD, FRACP, FRCPA Health, Melbourne Clinical Practice Consultant, Infectious Diseases NCHECR Lucette Cysique PhD N. Psych Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide Mark Kelly MB BS (Hons), FRACP Postdoctoral Fellow, Brain Sciences UNSW; St Grant Davies Senior Medical Officer, AIDS Medical Unit, Vincent’s Clinical School, Sydney Investigation’s Manager, Office of the Aged Queensland Health Ian Paul Everall MB ChB (Hons), PhD, Care Commissioner, Melbourne Stephen Kent MB BS, FRACP, MD FRCPath, FRCPsych Fraser Drummond MBChB DA(UK) MRCA Associate Professor, Department of Cato Professor and Head, Department of (Convenor) Microbiology and Immunology, University of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & NCHECR Melbourne Health Sciences, University of Melbourne Andrew Grulich MB BS, MSc, PhD, FAFPHM Matthew Law MA, MSc, PhD Paul Gorry PhD (Chair) NCHECR NCHECR Head, HIV Molecular Pathogenesis Richard Hillman BSc(Hons), MD, FRCP, Sharon Lewin MB BS (Hons), FRACP, PhD Laboratory, Macfarlane Burnet Institute FAChSHM (Chair) Director, Infectious Diseases Unit, The Alfred for Medical Research and Public Health, Senior Lecturer and Senior Staff Specialist, Hospital, Melbourne; Professor, Department of Melbourne Sexually Transmitted Infections Research Medicine, , Melbourne Matthew Law MA, MSc, PhD Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney Jenny McDonald Grad Dip Diets, BSc, Post NCHECRPatrick Li MB BS, FHKCP, FHKAM, David Menadue BA, BAEd Grad Dietetics FRCP, FRCP (Deputy Chair) Vice President, National Association of People Treatment Officer, National Association of Chief of Service, Department of Medicine, Living with HIV/AIDS, Melbourne People Living with HIV/AIDS, Sydney Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Sam Milliken MB BS, FRACP, FRCPA Dean Murphy BA (Hons) Marilyn McMurchie OAM Senior Lecturer and Senior Staff Specialist, Education and Biomedical Prevention Consult- Adjunct Associate Professor, Central Clinical Department of Haematology, St Vincent’s ant, Australian Federation of AIDS Organisa- School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hospital, Sydney tions, Sydney & Research Associate, National Sydney and Dave Templeton MBChB DipVen Centre in HIV Social Research, UNSW Director, East Sydney Doctors MForensMed PhD MFFLM MACLM Patricia Price PhD Paul Maruff BSc PhD FAChSHM Associate Professor, School of Surgery and Chief Science Officer CogState ltd & Professor, NCHECR Pathology, University of Western Australia Centre for Neuroscience, University of Jialiun (Julian) Zhou, BMed, MPH, PhD Damian Purcell PhD Melbourne NCHECR Senior Lecturer in Virology Head, Molecular Maggie Piper RN, BA, MBioEthics Virology Laboratory, University of Melbourne Clinical Trials Co-ordinator, Centre for John Sullivan PhD, MPH Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Immune-Based Therapies Principal Scientist, Australian Red Cross Blood Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Working Group Service, Sydney; Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Associate Professor, Transfusion Medicine Hospital, Sydney Paul Cameron BMedSci (Hons), MB BS, PhD, and Immunogenetics Research Unit, Central Nitin Saksena PhD FRACP, FRCPA (Deputy Chair) Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University Chief Scientist, Head of Retroviral Genetics Immunopathologist, Department of Pathology, of Sydney Division, CVR, WMI, Westmead The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne Sarah Pett BSc (Hons), MB BS(Hons), Peter Sternhell MB BS Robert Center BSc, PhD DTM&H, MRCP (UK), FRACP (Convenor) Lecturer, School of Psychiatry, St Vincent’s Senior Research Officer, Department of NCHECR Hospital, Sydney Microbiology and Immunology, University of Jo Watson Melbourne, Melbourne Executive Officer, National Association of John Chuah BSc(Med)(Hons), MB BS, Neurology Working Group People Living with HIV/AIDS, Sydney FAChSHM Peter Watts Director, Gold Coast Sexual Health, Miami, Qld Margaret Bain BSc (Psych), MClinPsych, Health Promotion and Treatments Officer, Miles Davenport MB BS (Hons), DPhil MClinNeuropsych Queensland Positive People, Brisbane Senior Research Fellow, Centre for Vascular Neuropsychologist, HIV Neuropsychology Edwina Wright MB BS, FRACP Research, UNSW Service, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney Infectious Diseases Specialist, Department of Roger Garsia MB BS (Hons), PhD, FRACP, Bruce Brew MB BS (Hons), MD, FRACP Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The FRCPA (Chair) Professor and Head, Department of Alfred Hospital, Melbourne

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 47 Viral Hepatitis Working Group Infectious Diseases Physician, Royal Melbourne Hospital and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne Anthony Allworth MB BS, FRACP, FRCPA, David Shaw MB BS, FRACP FACTM, MASM Director, Infectious Diseases and Infection Director, Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Prevention Units, Royal Adelaide Hospital Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Carla Treloar BSc (Hons), PhD David Baker MB ChB, DCH, Dip Med (Sexual Deputy Director, National Centre in HIV Social Health) Research, UNSW General Practitioner, East Sydney Doctors, Kumar Visvanathan MB BS, PHD, FRACP Sydney Head of Research and ID Physician, Michael Beard PhD, NHMRC Senior Research Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash Fellow Medical Centre, Southern Health, Melbourne Head, Hepatitis C Virus Research Laboratory, Bethany White MPH, PhD candidate SA Pathology and School of Molecular and NCHECR Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide Amany Zekry MBBS, PhD, FRACP Scott Bowden PhD Head of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Head of the Molecular Microbiology Department, St George Hospital, Senior Laboratory, Victorian Infectious Diseases Lecturer of Medicine, UNSW Reference Laboratory, Melbourne Erol Digiusto BSc (Hons), PhD Senior Research Fellow, National Drug and NCHECR Working Groups Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW ex officio Nicholas Doong MBBS, MPH, DipObs, FRACGP General Practitioner, Burwood Road General David Cooper AO, BSc (Med), MB BS, MD, Practice DSc, FAA, FRACP, FRCPA, FRCP Greg Dore MB BS, BSc, PhD, FRACP, MPH NCHECR NCHECR Levinia Crooks AM, BA (Hons), Dip Ed Michelle Giles MB BS (Hons) FRACP PhD Chief Executive Officer, Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases Physician, Infectious HIV Medicine, Sydney Diseases Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne Anthony Cunningham MB BS, BMedSci Margaret Hellard MB BS, FRACP, PhD, (Hons), MD, FRACP, FRCPA, FASM FAFPHM (Chair) Director, Westmead Millennium Institute for Head, Centre for Epidemiology and Population Medical Research, Sydney; Director, Centre for Health Research, Macfarlane Burnet Institute Virus Research, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, for Medical Research, Sydney Melbourne John de Wit MSc, PhD David Iser MB BS (Hons), BSc (Med), FRACP Director NCHSR Hepatology Fellow, Infectious Diseases Sean Emery BSc (Hons), PhD Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne and NCHECR Gastroenterology Unit, St. Vincent’s Hospital, John M Kaldor PhD Melbourne NCHECR Andrew Lloyd MB BS, MD, FRACP Matthew Law MA, MSc, PhD Professor and Consultant Infectious Diseases NCHECR Physician, Department of Infectious Diseases, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney Stuart Loveday Executive officer, Hepatitis C Council of NSW, Sydney Gail Matthews MB ChB, MRCP (Convenor) NCHECR Kathy Petoumenos BSc, MA, MPH (Hons), PhD NCHECR Zoë Potgeiter RN, CNS Clinical Trial Co-ordinator, Immunology B Ambulatory Care Clinic, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney Stuart Roberts MB BS, FRACP, MD Deputy Director, Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne Joe Sasadeusz MB BS, FRACP, PhD

48 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 External boards, committees and advisory groups

10th International Workshop on Adverse Alcohol and Drug Foundation NSW, Kathleen Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, NSW Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV York House (Libby Topp, Director) Hepatitis Reference Committee (Greg Dore) Organising Committee (David Cooper) Altair Trial Protocol Steering Committee (David Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, NSW 11th Bangkok Symposium on HIV Medicine Cooper, Sean Emery, Kathy Petoumenos, Viral Hepatitis Program Advisory Committee Organising Committee (David Cooper) Rebekah Puls) (Alexa Gillman)

12th IUSTI World Congress, Melbourne, 2012, Anex Research Advisory Committee (John Kaldor) Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, Organising Committee (Basil Donovan) President and Board member (Greg Dore) Annecy HIV group for international HIV 2012 International Microbicides Conference surveillance (David Wilson, Australian Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, Program – M2012 (John Kaldor, Chair, Andrew Vallely, representative) Building Committee (Anthony Kelleher) Organising Committee Member) Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, reviewer 20th Annual Meeting of the International Editorial Board (David Wilson) of abstracts (Anthony Kelleher) Harm Reduction Association, International Australasian Health and Research Data Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases Program Advisory Group (Lisa Maher) Managers Association Executive Committee Annual Scientific Meeting Organising 3rd Coalition for Research to Improve (Pip Marks) Committee (Chris Weatherall) Aboriginal Health (CRIAH) Conference Scientific Australasian Sexual Health Conference Sydney Australian Chlamydia Control Effectiveness Advisory Committee (James Ward) 2010 (Fraser Drummond) Pilot (ACCEPt) Project Executive Committee 9th International Congress on Drug Therapy Australasian Sexual Health Conference Sydney (Basil Donovan, Rebecca Guy, John Kaldor) in HIV Infection Scientific Committee (HIV9) 2010 (Fraser Drummond) Australian Collaboration for Chlamydia (David Cooper) Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance (ACCESS) Aboriginal Sexual Health and Hepatitis Antiretroviral Guidelines Panel (Fraser Coordinating Committee (Basil Donovan, Advisory Committee (James Ward) Drummond) Rebecca Guy, John Kaldor, James Ward)

ACCESS Aboriginal Community Controlled Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, ASHM Australian Government Department of Health Health Service steering committee (James Journal Club Editorial Committee (Peter Higgs) and Ageing Ministerial Advisory Committee Ward, John Kaldor) on Blood Borne Viruses and Sexually Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, Board Transmissible Infections (Andrew Grulich ACCESS family planning network steering member (Mark Boyd) committee (Basil Donovan, Rebecca Guy) member) Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, Australian Hepatitis Council Health Reference ACCESS general practice network steering Education and Training Committee (Sarah Pett) committee (Basil Donovan, Rebecca Guy) Group (Lisa Maher) Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, ACCESS sexual health service network steering Education Resources Advisory Committee Australian HIV Observational Database committee (Hammad Ali, Basil Donovan, (James Ward) Steering Committee (Matthew Law, Kathy Rebecca Guy, John Kaldor) Petoumenos, Hamish McManus) Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, Expert AH&MRC Hepatitis C Reference Group (James Advisory Committee Aboriginal and Torres Australian Injecting and Illicit Drug Users Ward) Strait Islander Health (James Ward) League, Vietnamese Hepatitis C and Injecting Drug Use Project Reference Group (Lisa Maher) AIDS Council of New South Wales Board Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, Hepatitis (Garrett Prestage) B for Primary Care Providers Monograph Australian Institute of Policy and Science (David Editorial Committee (Gail Matthews) Wilson, associate member) AIDS Council of New South Wales Ethics Review Committee (Garrett Prestage chair, Ian Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, HIV and Australian New Zealand Breast Cancer Down member) the Body Steering Committee (Sarah Pett) Trials Group Independent Data Safety and Monitoring Committee (Matthew Law) AIDS Council of New South Wales HIV and Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, National Sexually Transmissible Infections Working Clinical Subcommittee (Fraser Drummond) Australian NSP Survey National Advisory Group (Garrett Prestage) Group (Lisa Maher) Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, AIDS Council of New South Wales Lesbian NSW Hepatitis B Reference Committee (Gail Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Health Board Advisory Committee (Julie Matthews) Safety Agency Radiation Health and Safety Mooney-Somers) Advisory Council (John Kaldor) Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, AIDS Council of New South Wales Research NSW Hepatitis C Reference Committee (Gail Australian Red Cross Blood Service (David and Policy Advisory Committee (Garrett Prestage) Matthews) Wilson, monitoring advisor)

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 49 Australian Society of Immunology Conference, Current HIV/AIDS Reports Editorial Board Harm Reduction Journal Editorial Board (Lisa Abstract Review Committee (Nabila Seddiki) (David Cooper, Honorary Member) Maher)

Australian Society of Immunology Conference, Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS (David Cooper, Hepatitis C Victoria Research Advisory Poster Judging Committee (Nabila Seddiki) co-editor) Committee (Peter Higgs, chair)

Australian Technical Advisory Group on Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Editorial Hepatitis C Victoria, Board of Directors (Peter Immunisation (ATAGI) Working Party on HPV Board (John Kaldor) Higgs, president) (Basil Donovan) Department of Human Services Victorian HIV Hepatitis NSW Medical Research Advisory Biomedical Prevention Working Group (ex Taskforce (James Ward) Panel (Greg Dore) officio)(Basil Donovan, Andrew Grulich, Developing Papua New Guinea’s National HIV HIV Consortium for Partnership in Asia and the Rebecca Guy, John Kaldor, James Ward, Iryna Strategy 2011-2015, Expert Reviewer (David Pacific Management Committee (John Kaldor, Zablotska) Wilson) Louise Causer) Cancer Working Group, international Drug and Alcohol Review Editorial Board (Lisa HIV DART 2008 Conference Organising epidemiologic databases to evaluate AIDS Maher) Committee (David Cooper co-chair) (Andrew Grulich) Drug and Alcohol Review Editorial Board (Peter HIV Netherlands, Australia, Thailand Research Centre for Immunology UNSW Research Higgs, Lisa Maher) Collaboration (HIV-NAT) International Advisory degree review committee (Tony Kelleher) eJournal of the International AIDS Society Board (David Cooper, Co-Director, Chris CHEST Management Committee (Bette Liu) Editorial Board (John Kaldor) Duncombe)

Closing the Gap Evidence Working Group Enhancing Hepatitis C Treatment Uptake HIV Star Data Safety Monitoring Board (James Ward) and Outcomes in Opiate Dependency Committee (Matthew Law, Stephen Kerr) Cochrane Collaborative Review Group on HIV Pharmacotherapy Settings Steering Committee HIV Therapy Editorial Board (David Cooper, ex officio infection and AIDS, Biomedical Interventions ( ) (John Kaldor) John Kaldor) Reviews Editor (John Kaldor) Estimation of HIV Prevalence for European HIVNAT International Advisory Board (Sean Countries Working Group (David Wilson) Communicable Diseases Intelligence Editorial Emery) Board (John Kaldor) European Developing Country Clinical Trials IAS (International Aids Society) Conference Partnership (EDCTP) microbicide trial feasibility Communicable Diseases Network Australia Organising Committee Co-chair, Basic study, East Africa Steering Committee (Andrew (John Kaldor) Science Track Committee, International AIDS Vallely) Conference (Anthony Kelleher) Communicable Diseases Network Australia Evaluation Advisory Group - Drug Policies and Working Group Leader Aboriginal and IeDEA Cancer Working Group (Matthew Law, Services within the Alexander Maconochie Torres Strait Islander working group National Stephen Kerr) Centre (Peter Higgs) Surveillance and Monitoring Plan (James Ward) IeDEA Data Harmonization Working Group Expert Working Group to provide advice on Communicable Diseases Network Australia, (Jialun Zhou, Rebecca Oyomopito) Australian Government Department of Health Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Surveillance and Ageing-funded HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C and IeDEA Executive Committee (David Cooper, Working Party (John Kaldor) sexually transmissible infections education and Matthew Law) Communicable Diseases Network Australia, health promotion materials (John Kaldor) IeDEA Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Events New Developments in HIV Surveillance Faculty of Medicine, Expert Review Panel (Sean Working Group (Jialun Zhou) Committee (John Kaldor, Chair) Emery) Immunovirology Research Network Steering Communicable Diseases Network Australia, Faculty of Medicine, Research Management Committee (Anthony Kelleher) Subcommittee on Surveillance of Bloodborne Committee (Anthony Kelleher) Viral and Sexually Transmitted Infections (John Infectious Disease Reports Editorial Board Kaldor, David Wilson, Tarana Lucky, Keira Family Planning NSW Scientific Advisory (David Wilson) Robinson, Melanie Middleton, Ann McDonald, Committee (John Kaldor) INSIGHT network, Executive Committee (David Rebecca Guy, Basil Donovan, James Ward) Family Panning NSW Scientific Advisory Group Cooper, Sean Emery) (Donovan B) Communicable Diseases Network of Australia INSIGHT network, Infrastructure Committee (CDNA), National Strategies HIV STI BBV Sub- FOXFIRE Data Safety and Monitoring (Sarah Pett, Cate Carey) Committee, subcommittee to develop a national Committee (Matthew Law) INSIGHT network, Monitoring Group surveillance and monitoring plan for the HIV, Gardasil Advisory Board, CSL Ltd (Andrew Committee (David Courtney-Rodgers, Nisha STI, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C and National Grulich, Basil Donovan) Seneviratne) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander STI and BBV Strategies(Lisa Maher) Gastroenterology Metropolitan Committee on INSIGHT network, Quality Oversight and Hepatitis C (Greg Dore co-chair) Performance Evaluation Committee (David Comprehensive International Program for Courtney-Rodgers) Research on AIDS (CIPRA) HIV Research Genital Warts Surveillance Network (Hammad Program in Thailand and Cambodia Ali, Basil Donovan, Neil Franklin, Rebecca Guy, INSIGHT network, Training Committee (Cate International Steering Committee (David Cooper) David Regan) Carey)

50 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Intensive Insulin Therapy Trialists’ Collaboration Ministerial Advisory Committee on AIDS, NHMRC Grant Review (Immunology) (Anthony Steering Committee (Bette Liu) Sexual Health and Hepatitis (MACASHH), Kelleher) Hepatitis C Subcommittee (Greg Dore) International AIDS Society Meeting, NSW Chapter of Sexual Health Medicine Epidemiology and Prevention Stream, Vienna, Multicultural HIV and Hepatitis Service Annual Scientific Meeting Organising Austria, Rapporteur (David Wilson) Advisory Group (Lisa Maher, Chair) Committee (Fraser Drummond)

International Centre for Science in Drug Policy, NACCHO Sexual Health and Bloodborne Virus NSW Chief Health Officer Report Special Topic: Technical Advisor (Lisa Maher) Advisory Committee (James Ward) STI (Basil Donovan, David Wilson, advisory group members) International Conference on the Reduction NAPWA Treatments Policy Advisory Group of Drug-related Harm Scientific -Program (Fraser Drummond, Sarah Pett) NSW Department of Corrective Services Ethics Committee (John Kaldor) Committee (Lisa Maher) National Association of People Living with HIV/ International Epidemiologic Databases to AIDS, HIV Medication Working Group (Dianne NSW Health Aboriginal Sexual and Evaluate AIDS Cancer Working Group (Stephen Carey) Reproductive Health Program Advisory Group (James Ward) Kerr) National Breast Cancer Foundation Register4 International Journal of Drug Policy Editorial Epidemiological Questionnaire Design Advisory NSW Health Advisory Group for the Chief Board (Jo Kimber, Lisa Maher) Group (Bette Liu) Health Officer (CHO) Report, special topic on sexually transmissible infections (James Ward) International Journal of STD & AIDS Editorial National Centre for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology Board (Basil Donovan) and STD (NCHADS) Steering Committee for NSW Health CAS Health Promotion Sub- Cambodian Treatment Access Program (CTAP) Committee Chlamydia Working Group (James International Union against Sexually and AusAID funded HIV projects (John Kaldor) Ward) Transmitted Infections, Executive Committee NSW Health Fixing the Gap In the patient (Basil Donovan, Senior Counsellor) National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease Journey: Improving access to hepatitis C Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Scientific Advisory Committee (John Kaldor) treatment among Aboriginal people. Project Syndromes Editorial Board (David Cooper) Advisory Committee (James Ward) National Centre in HIV Social Research Journal of AIDS and Clinical Research Editorial (NCHSR) Scientific Advisory Committee (Lisa NSW Health HCV Prevention Campaign Board (David Wilson) Maher) Advisory Committee (Bethany White)

Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice National Gay Men’s Syphilis Action Plan NSW NSW Health Member Mid Term Review International Advisory Board (Lisa Maher) Implementation Committee (Rebecca Guy) Committee, NSW HIV, STI, HCV and Aboriginal Implementation Plan (James Ward) Journal of Drug Issues Editorial Board (Lisa National Gay Men’s Syphilis Action Plan Maher) Steering Committee and Monitoring and NSW Health Panel Member, Statewide Review of AIDS Funded Services (James Ward) Journal of Hepatology Editorial Board (Greg Dore) Evaluation Subcommittee (David Wilson, Rebecca Guy) NSW Health Shared Scientific Advisory Journal of HIV Therapy Current Trends Advisory Committee (Fraser Drummond expert reviewer) Board (David Cooper) National Gay Men’s Syphilis Action Plan Technical Working Group (Basil Donovan NSW Health Shared Scientific Assessment Lao People’s Democratic Republic National Andrew Grulich, Rebecca Guy, Garrett Prestage, Committee (Fraser Drummond) Strategy and Action Plan on HIV/AIDS/STI David Wilson) 2011-2015 (David Wilson expert reviewer) NSW Health Statewide Review of AIDS Funded National Health and Medical Research Council Services (James Ward) Lionel Murphy Foundation (Board of Trustees) Centres of Research Excellence Grant Review NSW Ministerial Advisory Committee on (Lisa Maher) Panel (John Kaldor) Hepatitis (MACH) (Lisa Maher, Greg Dore, Lotus House Refuge Management Committee National Health and Medical Research Council James Ward) (Lisa Maher) Project Grant Review Panel, Indigenous Health NSW Ministerial Advisory Committee on HIV/ (John Kaldor) Medicine Today Board of Editorial Consultants AIDS and Sexually Transmissible Infections (Basil Donovan) National HIV/STI and BBV Surveillance (James Ward) Committee (Basil Donovan, Rebecca Guy, John Medicines Australia Monitoring Committee NSW Ministerial Advisory Committee on HIV/ Kaldor, Lisa Maher, Ann McDonald, Melanie (Anthony Kelleher) AIDS and Sexually Transmissible Infections, Middleton, Libby Topp, James Ward, David Health Promotion Subcommittee (Andrew Menzies School of Health Research Advisory Wilson) Grulich chair, Garrett Prestage member) Group (James Ward) National Strategies HIV STI BBV Working NSW Ministerial Advisory Committee on HIV/ MGM Interagency (Iryna Zablotska) Group, HCV Working Group (Lisa Maher, Chair) AIDS and Sexually Transmissible Infections Mid Term Review Steering Committee NSW National Strategies STI HIV BBV project Health Promotion Sub-Committee - Chlamydia Health AIDS Branch Strategies HIV STI HCV working groups (Rebecca Guy, John Kaldor, Working Group (Hammad Ali , Rebecca Guy, Aboriginal Implementation Plan (James Ward) Garret Prestage, James Ward) James Ward)

MIMS Annual Honorary Editorial Board (Basil Netherlands AIDS Foundation Grant Scheme NSW Population and health services research Donovan) (David Wilson, reviewer) ethics committee (Andrew Grulich member)

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 51 NSW Users and AIDS Association Expert SPARTAC Trial Steering Committee (David UNSW Academic Board Committee Member Advisory Committee (Lisa Maher) Cooper, Anthony Kelleher) (John Kaldor)

NUAA Policy & Campaigns Advisory SSDV Interagency (Ian Down) UNSW Academic Board High Degree Research Committee (Ian Down) Committee (John Kaldor) St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical OpiCare Leadership Team (Greg Dore, Jason Research/UNSW Research degree review UNSW Faculty of Medicine Postdoctoral Grebely) committee (Anthony Kelleher) Advisory Committee (Mary Poynten)

Papua New Guinea HIV Modelling Reference St Vincent’s Hospital Campus Institutional UNSW Faculty of Medicine Research Grant/ Group (John Murray) Biosafety Committee (Anthony Kelleher) Early Career Grant Review (Anthony Kelleher)

Positive Life (NSW) Board Advisory Group St Vincent’s Hospital Human Research Ethics UNSW Faculty of Science, Promotion to (Garrett Prestage, Mark Boyd) Committee (Claire Vajdic, Deputy Chair; Kathy Professor Committee (Lisa Maher) Petoumenos, Handan Wand) Practical Advances in Treating HIV (PATH II) UNSW Health Data Linkage committee Steering Committee (Sean Emery, Chair) St Vincent’s Research & Biotechnology Precinct (Matthew Law) Hub Governance Council (David Cooper) Prevention Science Track Committee, UNSW Hepatitis C Vaccine Initiative Steering International AIDS Society Conference, Vienna, Steering Committee for NHMRC grant under Committee (John Kaldor) 2010 (Andrew Grulich) the International Collaborative Indigenous UNSW Human Research Ethics Advisory Panel: Primary HIV Infection Advisory Committee Health Research Partnership (John Kaldor) Medical/Community (Greg Dore, Jo Kimber, Lisa Maher, Mark Boyd) (John Murray) STIGMA - NSW Implementation committee for Project Management Group Randomised the National Syphilis Action Plan (Rebecca Guy) VAC/GMHC Sexually Adventurous Men’s Project Committee (Garrett Prestage) Control Trial, Tobacco Control AH&MRC (James STIGMA (Iryna Zablotska) Ward) Vietnamese Australian Buddhist Assistance Suicide Prevention Australia Reference Group Trust (Lisa Maher) Project Reference Group NSW STI Campaign on Suicide and self-harm amongst the GLBTI (James Ward) communities (Garrett Prestage) Working Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer Monographs on the ProPrems Trial Data Safety Monitoring Surveillance and Monitoring Plan for national Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Committee (John Kaldor) strategies HIV STI BBV Sub-Committee of the Volume 100: A Review of Human Carcinogens Communicable Disease Network of Australia Public Health Association of Australia - Justice (Andrew Grulich) Health Special Interest Group (Peter Higgs) Committee (David Wilson) World Health Organisation Global Consultation Queensland Ministerial Advisory Committee Sydney HIV Interagency (Garrett Prestage) on MSM and Transgender People (Mary on HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis C and Sexual Health Thai A/E Clade HIV Vaccine Trial Protocol Poynten, Advisor Member (Andrew Vallely) Steering Committee (David Cooper, Sean World Health Organisation Strategic and Repatriation Medical Authority (John Kaldor) Emery, Anthony Kelleher, Rebekah Puls) Technical Advisory Committee for HIV/AIDS (David Cooper) Review panel for Sydney University Master The Cancer Council NSW Cancer Research of Medicine (HIV/STI) degree program (David Committee (Andrew Grulich) World Health Organisation Working Group on Templeton committee member external) The Data Collection on Adverse Events of Incidence Assays for HIV Infection (John Kaldor co-Chair) Sax Institute (David Wilson representative for Anti-HIV Drug Study International Steering NCHECR) Committee (Matthew Law) World Health Organisation/UNAIDS HIV Vaccine Advisory Committee (David Cooper, Sexual Health (David Cooper, Editor) The HIV/AIDS Legal Centre (HALC) Chair) Management Board (Iryna Zablotska) Sexual Health Editorial Board (Basil Donovan, XVIII International AIDS Conference Abstract Andrew Grulich, John Kaldor, Garrett Prestage) The Sax Institute (Andrew Grulich) Reviewer (Lisa Maher) Sexually Transmitted Infections in Gay Men TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database Action Group (Jeff Jin) Steering Committee (Matthew Law, Jialun Zhou) Sexually Transmitted Infections Programs Unit Advisor Group, NSW (Rebecca Guy) TREAT Asia Paediatric HIV Observational Database Steering Committee (Matthew Law) Sexually Transmitted Infections, Editorial Board (David Cooper) TREAT Asia Quality Assurance Scheme Steering Committee (Matthew Law, Jialun Zhou) Sexually Transmitted Infections, Elsevier, New Delhi (Basil Donovan, Section Editor) TREAT Asia Steering Committee (David Cooper)

Sidney Myer Health Scholarship Selection TREAT Asia Studies Evaluating Resistance Committee (Peter Higgs) Steering Committee (Matthew Law)

SIRFLOX Independent Data and Safety UNAIDS Estimation of Australia’s HIV/AIDS Monitoring Board Committee (Matthew Law) indicators (David Wilson)

52 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Staff

Director’s office Rebekah Puls BSc(Hons), PhD Lara Cassar Senior Clinical Project Co-ordinators Rosemary Robson Director and Scientia Professor of Medicine Cate Carey RN, BA, MAppSc(Research) Alexis Shambrook David Cooper AO, BSc(Med), MB BS, MD, DSc, Allison Humphries BSc, MSc(Med), Grad Dip PH FAA, FRACP, FRCPA, FRCP Senior Coordinator - Regulatory Compliance Executive Assistant David Courtney-Rodgers HIV Epidemiology and Janette Button Clinical Project Co-ordinators Prevention Program Research Assistant Maria Arriaga BSc, MScMed(STD/HIV) Damien Cordery BSc(Hons), MPH, PhD Head and Professor Carlo Dazo BMedSc(Hons) Andrew Grulich MB BS, MSc, PhD, FAFPHM Vaccines program grant co-ordinator Megan Evans BappSc HIM (Health Information John Wilkinson BSc(Hons), PhD Senior Lecturers Management) Manager, Research Communication Mary Poynten MBBS, DCH, MPH(Hons), PhD Natalie Espinosa BS (Biomed), MA AppSc (Ex&Sc) Louisa Wright M Journalism, MPH Garrett Prestage BA(Hons), PhD Hila Haskelberg BSc David Templeton MB ChB, Dip Ven, Grad Cert Sally Hough BAppSci, Grad Cert PM (from July) ForensMed, MACLM, FAChSHM Enmoore Lin BA/BSc(Hons), PhD (from March) Iryna Zablotska PhD, MD, MPH Therapeutic and Vaccine Simone Jacoby BSc, Dip Nutrition, Adv Dip Bot Post Doctoral Research Fellow Research Program Med Jeff Jin BMed, MPH, PhD Head and Professor Nisha Seneviratne BMedSc, BBus Research Assistants Sean Emery BSc(Hons), PhD Jessica Taylor BNurs (from Jan) Brian Acraman (from March) Senior Lecturer Program Manager Ian Down MPH Mark Boyd BA, BM, BS, DCTM&H, MHID, Cathy Sajjadi Dip Bus Michelle McKechnie BMedSci(Hons), PhD MD, FRACP Data Managers (from May) Lecturers Kymme Courtney-Vega Dip Sp Th Patrick McGrath BA, Dip Ed (from December) Helen Byakwaga MB ChB Wendy Lee Project Officer Dianne Carey BPharm, MPH Jose Aurelio Vieira Vulcao BA Jack Bradley Sarah Pett BSc(Hons), MB BS(Hons), DTM&H, Administrative Assistants Administrative Assistant MRCP (UK), FRACP Maja Berilazic BEd Ali Ayoub

The Director’s Unit with Professor David Cooper (second from right)

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 53 Viral Hepatitis Clinical Project co-ordinator/ PhD candidate Lecturers Research Program Bethany White BA (Psych), MPH Azar Kariminia BSc, MSc, PhD Research Assistant Kathy Petoumenos BSc, MA, MPH(Hons), PhD Head and Associate Professor Heidi Coupland Jialun Zhou BMed, MPH, PhD Greg Dore MB BS, BSc, PhD, FRACP, MPH Associate Lecturers Senior Lecturers Ben Hui BE(computer engineering), MBiomedE Gail Matthews MBChB, MRCP(UK), FRACP PhD Surveillance and Evaluation Igor Korostil MSc (from May) Tanya Applegate, BSc(Hons), PhD Program for Public Health Statisticians Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Fellow Heather Gidding BAppSc, Grad Dip Epid Rachel Ali BMBS, BMedSci(Hons), Head and Associate Professor Biostats, MAppEpid, MPHAA MRCP(London) David Wilson BSc, BInfTech, BAppSc(Hons), Paul Fahey BSc, MMedStat (from April) Lecturers GradCert(Biostats), PhD Awachana Jiamsakul BSc, MS Marianne Jauncey BMed, Grad Dip App Epi, Lecturer Sadaf Marashi Pour BSc, MSc (to February) MPH(Hons), FAFPHM (part time) Richard Gray BSc(Hons), PhD Hamish McManus BEcon, BActS, MBIOS Rosie Thein MD, MPH, PhD (to October) Lei Zhang BSc(Adv Hons), MSc, PhD, MPH Rebecca Oyompito BSc, Grad Dip Med Stat Jason Grebely, BSc, PhD Post Doctoral Research Fellow Stephen Wright BMath, MAppStat Josephine Reyes BS, MS, PhD (from May) Clinical Trials Manager Computer Systems Officers Pip Marks BSc Coordinator HIV Surveillance Noorul Absar BTech, Grad Dip(Inf Sc), Ann McDonald BSc, MPH Clinical Project Co-ordinators MComp(SW Eng) Alexa Gillman BSc(Hons) HIV Surveillance Officer Rossitza Chevkenova BSc Melanie Middleton BMedSci, MPH Ineke Shaw BSc, Grad Cert BioStats (to October) Research assistant Tarana Lucky MBBS, MPH, MHM (student) Barbara Yeung RN, BHSc(Nursing), MPH Greg Londish BSc(Hons) (to May) Research Officers Senior Research Assistant David Philp (from July) Md. Fakhrul Islam BSc(Hons), MSc(Stat), MIS, Brendan Jacka BSc(Hons) Program co-ordinator MBiostat (from July) Research Assistants Courtney Bendall DipBus Cliff Kerr BSc(Hons), DipArts, PhD (from July) Amanda Erratt ADip (Admin) Administrative assistant Kylie-Ann Mallitt BSc(Hons) PhD student (from Maryam Salehi Alavi (BSc), (MSc) Supreet Mehik B Homeopathic Medicine and July) Data Manager Surgery (from October) Keira Robinson BSc(Hons), MSc (from Feb) Patrick McGrath BA, Dip Ed (to December) Research Assistants Administrative Assistant Eric Chow BSc, MApplSc(Bioinf) (from March) Jennifer Moore Charisse Farr (to July) Immunovirology and Haris Ghaus Pathogenesis Program Kel Heymer BMath, BAppSci(Hons) (to April) Head and Senior Lecturer Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology Alex Hoare BSc(Hons) Anthony Kelleher BSc(Hons), MB BS(Hons), and Prevention Program James Jansson BTeach, BSc(Hons) (part-time) PhD, FRACP, FRCPA Victor Jaurejig Professor and Head Lecturers Shamin Kinathil BE(Hons), BSc Lisa Maher PhD Linda Gelgor PhD, MSc Amy Kwon BSc (Applied Mathematics) Kersten Koelsch MBBS, MD Senior Lecturer Sheila Matete-Owiti BSc MIS MPH (from July) Nabila Seddiki PhD (to October) Libby Topp BSc(Psychol)(Hons), PhD (from Feb) Karen Schneider Senior Scientist Lecturer Jianyun (Fred) Wu BSc MActSt, PDipStats (from Nigel McCarthy BSc(Hons), MSc (to January) Anna Olsen Feb) Clinical Project Co-ordinators Post Doctoral Research Fellow Program Coordinator Patricia Grey BA, Post Grad Dip App Sci, CNS, Peter Higgs PhD, MA, BSW Megan Brennan (from October) Dip (Counselling) Joanne Kimber BSc, PhD Administrator Research Assistants Qualitative Research Co-ordinator Mia Giatsios (to August) Michelle Bailey BSc(Hons) Julie Mooney-Somers BSc(Hons), PhD Chantelle Hood PhD Clinical Trial Co-ordinator Susanna Ip BSc Kathy Barnes RN (to March) Chansavath Phetsouphanh BSc, MSc (to April) Research Assistants Biostatistics and Databases Yin Xu MSc (Research), MSc Anna Bates BA Program Data Administrator Rachel Deacon BSc, PhD Head and Associate Professor Ansari Shaik BA, MBA Jarliene Enriquez Matthew Law MA, MSc, PhD Administrative assistants Mofi Islam Associate Professor Lucy Watchirs-Smith BA Jenny Iversen BAppSc John Murray BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD (part time) Lydia Jauncey BA (to June) Ju Park BSc(Hons) (from May) Senior Lecturer Anh Pham Janaki Amin BSc(Hons), MPH(Hons), PhD Len Liao David Regan BA, BSc(Hons), PhD Kerri Shying (to March) Handan Wand MA, MSc, PhD Sexual Health Program Administrative Assistant Stephen Kerr BPharm(Hons), MIPH, PhD (HIV- Head and Professor of Sexual Health Rachel McCleave BA(Hons), BEd(Prim) NAT, Thailand) Basil Donovan MB BS, DipVen (Lond), MD,

54 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 FAFPHM, FRCPI, FAChSHM Project Coordinator Ian Brodie BEc, Grad Dip Ed, Ass Dip Hlth Sc Senior Lecturer and NHMRC Post-doctoral Lind Garton RN, Grad Cert Advanced Practice, Dhara Kothary Fellow Sexual Health (from November) Morgan Stewart BA(Hons) Rebecca Guy BAppSc, MAppEpid, PhD Research assistants Receptionist Lecturer Snehal Akre MBBS, MPH (to October) Rata Joseph Fraser Drummond MB ChB, MRCA, DA (UK) Sheila Matete-Owiti BSc, MIS, MPH (from July) Joanne Micallef PhD Administrative assistant Associate Lecturer Candace Mitchell Public Health Interventions Hammad Ali BSc, MBBS, MPH (from June) Research Group Project Co-ordinator Lisa Edwards BNurs MPH (from August) Finance and Administration Head and Professor of Epidemiology Neil Franklin BSc(Hons), MPH (to July) John Kaldor PhD Rebecca Lorch DipAdultNurs BSc(Hons)(from Business Manager Associate Professor August) Annie Tung MPA Andrew Vallely MBBS, MRCP, MSC, DTMH, Research Assistants Finance Managers PhD (from July) Kel Heymer BMath, BAppSci(Hons)(Part time) Gina Lam BA(Hons), EMBA Senior Lecturer Karen Schneider BSc(Hons), MPH (Part-time) Patricia Xu BEc, EMBA, CPA (to April) Bette Liu MBBS(Hons) MPH(Hons) DPhil (from Rashmi Fotedar PhD Jence Oesman (from May) June) Administrative assistant Finance Administrator Lecturer Candace Mitchell Teresa Wong BAcc, CPA Louise Causer MB BS, MSc, DTM&H Librarian Program co-ordinator Coralie Kronenberg BA, Dip IM Lib, AALIA Skye McGregor BA, BSc, MA IT Specialist Aboriginal and Torres Strait Sergio Sandler MSc, EE, Dip. Ed (from Islander Program Manager September) Researchers affiliated to Head and Senior Lecturer Computer Systems Officers James Ward Lisa Howard Dip IT NCHECR Research Manager Charles Tran BCompSc Visiting Professor Simon Graham MApplEpid Manager, Human Relations Jennifer Hoy MB BS, Grad Dip Epi Bio, FRACP National Co-ordinator Brigette Sharp BA(Hons) Senior Visiting Fellow Clint Arizmendi PhD Manager, Administration Philip Cunningham BAppSc(Med) Clinical Project Leader Tricia Koh BA, MA (from May) Chief of Operations, St Vincent’s Centre for Mary Ellen Harrod BA, Dip Arts, M Prelim, PhD Yvette Toole (maternity leave) Applied Medical Research (from June) Administrative Officers St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney

Members of the Administration and IT Units

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 55 Visiting Fellows Bruce Brew MB BS(Hons), MD, FRACP Professor of Medicine St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney

Nick Crofts MB BS, MPH, FAFPHM Professor and Director Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Melbourne

Cathy Pell MB BS, MM Specialist General Practitioner Taylor Square Private Clinic, Sydney

Don Smith MB ChB, MD Associate Professor and Head of Research Development Albion Street Centre, Sydney

Mark Sullivan BSc Chief Operating Officer VivaGelTM Microbicide Development Consortium Medicines Development Limited, Melbourne

Alex Wodak MB BS, MRACP, FRACP, MRCP, FAFPHM, FAChAM Director Alcohol and Drug Service St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney

56 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Postgraduate students and student supervision

Doctorates awarded Supervisors David Cooper; Janaki Amin; Laura Cook Matthew Law Characterisation of T regulatory cells (UNSW) Kathleen Falster Jonathan Anderson Supervisors: Tony Kelleher, Nabila Seddiki Treatment experience and long term morbidity The role of economic evaluation in decision- Fraser Drummond and mortality outcomes among a cohort of making about HIV Chemoprophylaxis for syphilis in MSM - a trial HIV-infected patients in Australia and the Supervisors: David Cooper; Sean Emery; Kathy of systemic chemoprophylaxis for syphilis in Asia-Pacific region in the era of combination Petoumenos HIV positive men who have sex with men antiretroviral treatment Helen Byakwaga Supervisors: Basil Donovan; John Kaldor; Supervisors: Matthew Law, Basil Donovan Antiretroviral therapy and the management of Rebecca Guy.; Jeff Klausner Susan Hudson (UNSW) HIV/AIDS Heather Gidding Sex, drugs and ‘ugly mugs’: an ethnographic Supervisors: Sean Emery; David Cooper; Mark Hepatitis C-related morbidity and treatment in study of women who inject psychostimulants Boyd Australia and engage in street-based sex work in Kings Dianne Carey Supervisors: Matthew Law; Greg Dore; Janaki Cross, Sydney Optimising therapeutic outcomes in HIV- Amin Supervisor: Lisa Maher infected subjects Simon Graham (UNSW) Mary Poynten Supervisors: Sean Emery, David Cooper An Intervention to improve sexually transmitted Biological and behavioural methods of Eric Pui Fung Chow infection control and management in selected prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission Understanding the past, forecasting the future Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Supervisors: Andrew Grulich, Jeff Jin - investigating the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS Services in New South Wales in China Supervisors: Basil Donovan; Rebecca Guy; Supervisors: Lei Zhang, David Wilson Handan Wand PhD candidates at NCHECR Paul Clark Hila Haskelberg Amit C Achhra Genomics to predict the complications of Antiretroviral toxicity in HIV-infected patients Bio-markers and other predictors of AIDS and chronic hepatitis C and its treatment Supervisors: Sean Emery; Andrew Carr (St non-AIDS diseases in HIV observational (cohort) Supervisors: Greg Dore, Alex Thompson (St Vincent’s Hospital); Janaki Amin studies Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne) Kelly Jean Heymer

Postgraduate students at Darlinghurst

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 57 Using modelling to evaluate drivers and predict Kristin McBride clinically significant viral pathogens in trajectories of HIV and STI epidemics in South Studies of the latent reservoirs of HIV-1 immunocompromised adults East Asia and Australasia Supervisors: David Cooper; Tony Kelleher; Supervisors: Andrew Carr (St Vincent’s Hospital), Supervisors: David Wilson, Philip O’Neil Kersten Koelsch Tony Kelleher (University of Nottingham) Mee Ling Munier Edward (Ned) Waters Denise Chee Hsu The role of HIV-specific CD4+ T-cells at primary The analysis, ecology and implications of HPV Using novel biomarkers to define the role of TB infection variants in HPV related cancers specific effector T cell and TB specific regulatory T Supervisors: Tony Kelleher; Bill Sewell; John Supervisors: David Regan, David Philp cell in patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Zaunders (SPHCM); Andrew Grulich (TB) and HIV co- infection Rebecca Akao Oyomopito Chris Weatherall Supervisors: David Cooper, Tony Kelleher HIV-1 drug resistance in treatment-naïve and Characterisation of B-lymphocyte responses in Jennifer Lynne Iversen combination antiretroviral therapy exposed primary HIV infection-neutralising antibodies Enhanced sentinel sero-surveillance among patients in Asia and immune tolerance people who inject drugs in Australia Supervisors: Matthew Law, Tony Kelleher Supervisors: Tony Kelleher, David Cooper Supervisors: Lisa Maher; Libby Topp; Handan Sarah Pett Bethany White Wand Aspects of HIV-1 treatment: An exploration of Hepatitis C vaccine preparedness Amy Kwon the positive and negative physiological aspects Supervisors: Lisa Maher, Greg Dore Mathematical modelling of viral epidemics of host-directed treatments for HIV-1 infection among injecting drug users in the Asia-Pacific Supervisors: David Cooper; Tony Kelleher; Sean region Emery Masters students at NCHECR Supervisors: David Wilson, Rosie Thein; Cliff Kerr Suzanne Polis Kylie-Ann Mallitt Adherence to hepatitis B antiviral therapies Tarana Lucky Masters by Research Geospatial Models of HIV Transmission Supervisors: Lisa Maher, Armany Zekry (St Quantitative techniques to improve monitoring Supervisors: Handan Wand, David Wilson George Hospital) and evaluation of HIV epidemics and to Allison Martin (Humphries) Karen Schneider determine trends in transfusion transmissible Toxicities associated with antiretroviral Mathematical modelling of HIV epidemiology, infections (by producing a national surveillance treatment of HIV-1 antiretroviral treatment treatment and drug-resistance in Thailand report with Blood Service) in Australia effects on HIV Infection Supervisors: David Wilson; Basil Donovan; Supervisors: David Wilson, Handan Wand Supervisors: Sean Emery, Janaki Amin Matthew Law Skye McGregor M. Phil Sheila Matete-Owiti Sanjay Swaminathan Health priority setting in developing countries Modelling HIV epidemics in Indigenous Role of miRNAs in HIV-1 pathogenesis Supervisors: John Kaldor, Rosie Thein communities Supervisor: Tony Kelleher Chansavath Phetsouphanh Masters by Research Supervisors: Richard Gray; David Wilson; James Winnie Wing Yin Tong Re-characterising Antigen specific CD4+ T Cells Ward Measurement of immune responses to to HIV

Postgraduate students at Coogee

58 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Supervisors: Tony Kelleher, Nabila Seddiki Influences on changes in HIV incidence rates in Lucia Romani M. Phil young men in Australia Factors associated with scabies in a highly Co-supervised by Iryna Zablotska endemic population Othman Loay (La Trobe University), PhD Supervisors: John Kaldor, Andrew Steer Candidate (Murdoch Childrens Research Institute) HIV and stigma in the United Arab Emirates Bronwyn Silver Masters by Research Supervised by Garrett Prestage Reproductive health at risk: exploring the Somanadhan Sowbhagya interface between sexual and reproductive Influence of civil society on HIV policies and health in Indigenous women in remote services in India and the participation of people communities living with HIV/AIDS Supervisors: John Kaldor; Rebecca Guy; Alice Supervised by Lisa Maher Rumbold (Menzies School of Health Research) Zou Huachun (University of Melbourne), PhD Candidate HPV infection in young men who have sex with Honours students at NCHECR men Co-supervised by Andrew Grulich Lim Steven Supervisors: Tony Kelleher, Kazuo Suzuki Characterisation of promoter targeted siRNAs during transcription gene silencing of HIV-1 Murray Daniel Supervisors: Tony Kelleher, Sanjay Swaminathan Mapping miRNA changes in the monocytes of HIV-1 infected patients

Supervision of non-National Centre students Botes Leon Pierre (The University of Sydney) PhD Candidate Validation of the acceptability and reliability of self collected anal swabs used for cytological screening, to detect anal squamous intra- epithelial lesions in HIV-positive men who have sex with men Supervised by Richard Hillman; co-supervised by Jeff Jin Fetherston James (Curtin University) Modelling hepatitis C transmission in Australian prisons Co-supervised by David Wilson Lam Paul (UNSW Faculty of Medicine) Supervisors: Kersten Koelsch, Tony Kelleher HIV DNA dynamics in patients switching to a raltegravir-containing regimen Lambert Stephen (University of Queensland) Supervisors: Scott Kitchener (UQ), Basil Donovan Chlamydia in the Australian Defence Forces Londish Gregory (on leave of absence) Supervisors: John Murray, Matthew Law The Impact of a Male Circumcision Intervention on HIV Epidemics Read Tim (Melbourne University), PhD Candidate Sexually transmitted viruses in men having sex with men Co-supervised by Andrew Grulich O’Dwyer Matthew (University of Sydney), u/g Public Health Honours

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 59 Collaborating organisations

National Health Organisation, Canberra Newcastle, Penrith, Port Macquarie and National Association of People Living with HIV/ Wollongong Association for Prevention and Harm Reduction AIDS, Sydney AIDS Research Initiative, Sydney Programs (ANEX), Melbourne Australasian Chapter of Sexual Health Medicine, National Drug Research Institute, Curtin Albion Street Centre, Sydney Sydney University of Technology, Perth Albury Community Health Centre, Albury Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and National Centre for Epidemiology and Area Health Services, NSW Health, Sydney other drugs (APSAD) Population Health, Australian National Armajun Aboriginal Health Service Incorporated, University, Canberra Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, Sydney Inverell National Centre for Immunisation Research and Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology Bigge Park Medical Centre, Sydney and Allergy (ASCIA) Primary Immunodeficiency Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Blacktown Methadone Unit, Blacktown Register, Sydney Sydney Blacktown Needle and Syringe Program Australia and New Zealand Cardiothoracic National Centre in HIV Social Research, UNSW, Services, Sydney Transplant Registry, Sydney Sydney Blue Mountains Sexual Health Clinic, Katoomba Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Brindabella Family Practice, Queanbeyan Transplant Registry (ANZDATA), Adelaide UNSW, Sydney Burwood Road General Practice, Sydney Australia and New Zealand Liver Transplant National Serology Reference Laboratory, Registry, Brisbane Australia, Melbourne Central Access Service, Sydney (formerly St George Hospital Needle and Syringe Program) Australian Agency for International Office of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Centre for Addiction Medicine, Westmead Development (AusAID), Canberra Health (OATSIH), Canberra Hospital Phase Forward Pty Ltd, Sydney Australian Centre for Hepatitis and HIV Virology Centre for Health Research in Criminal Justice, 2 Research (ACH ), UNSW, Sydney Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Justice Health, NSW Health Department, Sydney Psychiatrists Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations, Centre for Infection and Inflammation Research, Sydney Therapeutic Goods Administration, Canberra School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Program, Centre for Immunology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney Sydney Australian Government Department of Health Australian Capital Territory Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, and Ageing, Canberra ACT Corrective Services, Canberra Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Australian Injecting and Illicit Drug Users League ACT Health Research, Sydney (AIVL), Canberra Canberra Sexual Health Centre Centre for Values, Ethics and the Law in Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra Sexual Health Clinic, Canberra Hospital Medicine, University of Sydney Canberra Communicable Disease Control Program, ACT Charlestown Family Medical Services, Australian Liver Association, Sydney Health, Canberra Charlestown Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit and its Directions ACT, Canberra Communicable Diseases Branch, NSW Health contributors, Sydney Department, Sydney Interchange General Practice, Canberra Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne Coffs Harbour Sexual Health Clinic John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Sydney Australian National University, Canberra Concord Hospital, Sydney Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Sexual Health and Family Planning ACT Dubbo Sexual Health Centre, Dubbo Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne The Canberra Hospital, Canberra Durri Aboriginal Corporation Medical Service, Communicable Diseases Network Australia, Kempsey Canberra East Sydney Doctors, Sydney Drug and Alcohol Nurses of Australasia (DANA) New South Wales Faculty of Science, University of Sydney Federal Department of Health and Ageing, Fleet Street Opioid Treatment Unit, Parramatta Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council Canberra First Step Program, Port Kembla and Nowra of NSW Hepatitis Australia, Canberra Aboriginal Medical Service Co-op Ltd, Sydney Galambila Aboriginal Health Service Inc, Coffs Harbour Immunovirology Research Network (IVRN), Aboriginal Medical Service Western Sydney, UNSW, Sydney Mount Druitt Village Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney National Aboriginal Community Controlled AIDS Council of NSW (ACON), Sydney, Lismore, Gateway Opioid Treatment Service Clinic,

60 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Nepean Hospital NSW Health Department, Sydney St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney Goulburn River Group Practice, Goulburn NSW Health Department, AIDS and Infectious St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research General Medical Practice, Coffs Harbour Disease Branch, Sydney St Vincent’s Medical Imaging, Sydney Grafton Sexual Health Clinic, Grafton NSW State Reference Laboratory for HIV/AIDS, Sydney Medically Supervised Injecting Centre, Greater Southern Area Health Service St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney Sydney Harm Reduction Program, Liverpool NSW Users and AIDS Association (NUAA), Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney Sydney Harm Minimisation Program, Newcastle Sydney South Illawarra Health Service Orange Sexual Health Clinic Health ConneXions, Sydney Sydney South West Area Health Service, Sydney Parramatta Needle and Syringe Program Hepatitis NSW (formerly Hepatitis C Council of Sydney West Area Health Service, Sydney NSW), Sydney Services, Sydney Sydney West Area Health Service HIV/Hepatitis Perinatal and Reproductive Epidemiology Holden Street Clinic, Gosford C Prevention Service, Auburn, Blacktown, Research Unit, incorporating the National Holdsworth House Medical Practice, Sydney Merrylands, Mt Druitt and Parramatta Perinatal Statistics Unit, UNSW and Byron Bay Sydney West Area Health Service Clinical Sexual Positive Life NSW Hunter Harm Reduction Services, Newcastle Health Services Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney Hunter New England Sexual Health Service SydPath, Sydney Rankin Court Treatment Centre, Sydney Illawarra Aboriginal Medical Service Aboriginal Tamworth Sexual Health Service, Tamworth Resource and Education Program for Injecting Corporation, Wollongong Drug Users (REPIDU), Sydney Taree Manning Clinic Illawarra Sexual Health, Port Kembla Responsive User Services in Health (RUSH), Taylor Square Private Clinic, Sydney Indo-Chinese Outreach Network (ICON), Sydney Sydney The Byrne Surgery, Sydney John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney The Cancer Council NSW, Sydney Justice Health, NSW Health Department, Sydney Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney The Cancer Institute NSW, Sydney K2 Health Service, Sydney Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Clinic 36 Outreach Tweed Heads Sexual Health Service Kellyclose Mt Druitt Needle and Syringe Clinic, Sydney University of Sydney – Discipline of Addiction Program Services, Sydney Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPA) Drug Health Medicine, Sydney Services, Sydney Kirketon Road Centre, Sydney UNSW Cancer Research Centre, integrated Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Regent House Kite Street Community Health Centre, Orange cancer research group Outreach Clinic, Sydney Laverty Pathology Wellington Aboriginal Corp Health Service, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPA) Sexual Health Lismore Base Hospital, Lismore Wellington Clinic, Sydney Western Sydney Aboriginal Medical Service Mt Lismore/ Tweed Heads Sexual Health & AIDS Sax Institute, Sydney Services Druitt School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney Liverpool Hospital, Sydney Westmead Hospital, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney Liverpool Sexual Health Clinic, Sydney Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical School of Public Health and Community Research, Sydney Livingstone Road Sexual Health Centre, Medicine, UNSW, Sydney Marrickville Woodlands Clinic, Blue Mountains Anzac Sex Workers Outreach Project (SWOP), Sydney Memorial Hospital, Katoomba Manly Sexual Health Clinic Sexual Health and Infectious Diseases Service Multicultural HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis C Service, (SHAIDS), Lismore Sydney Sexually Transmitted Infections Research Centre, Northern Territory Needle and Syringe Program, Gosford and Long Westmead Hospital, Sydney Aboriginal Medical Services Alliance Northern Jetty South Court Primary Care Needle and Syringe Territory, Darwin Nepean Hospital, Sydney Program, Sydney AIDS/STI Program, Disease Control, Department Nepean Sexual Health Clinic South Eastern Area Laboratory Services (SEALS), of Health and Community Services, Darwin Newcastle FPNSW Centre, Cooks Hill Prince of Wales Hospital Alice Springs Hospital Newcastle Pharmacotherapy Services, Newcastle South Eastern Sydney and Illawarra Area Health Service, NSW Health Department, Sydney Alice Springs Harm Reduction Program, Alice North Coast Area Health Service, Harm Springs Reduction Services South Eastern Area Laboratory Services, South Eastern Sydney and Illawarra Area Health Alice Springs Sexual Health Service Clinic 34 North Sydney Medical Practice, North Sydney Service, Sydney Communicable Disease Centre, Royal Darwin Northern Sydney Central Coast Area Health Hospital, Darwin South West Area Health Service, Eastern Division Service, NSW Health Department, Sydney South West Area Health Service, Western Danila Dilba Health Service, Darwin Northern Sydney Sexual Health Service, St Division Darwin Harm Reduction Program, Darwin Leonards St George Hospital, Sydney Darwin Sexual Health Service NSW Centre for Health Record Linkage, Sydney St George Hospital Short Street Sexual Health Family Planning Northern Territory, Coconut NSW Department of Corrective Services Clinic Grove

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 61 Menzies School of Health Research, Casuarina School of Population Health, University of Northern Territory Sexual Health and BBV Unit Queensland Clarence Community Health Service, Hobart Northern Territory AIDS and Hepatitis C Council, Sunshine Coast and Cooloola HIV/Sexual Health Alice Springs, Darwin and Palmerston Service, Nambour Corrective Services Division, Department of Northern Territory Correctional Services Justice, Hobart Townsville Aboriginal and Islanders Health Department of Justice, Darwin Services Ltd, Townsville Department of Health and Human Services Northern Territory Department of Health and Tasmania Townsville ATODS Families Devonport Community Health Centre, Townsville Health Services Palmerston Needle and Syringe Program, Devonport Palmerston West Moreton Sexual Health Service, QLD Family Planning Tasmania, Hobart Royal Darwin Hospital Hobart, Devonport and Launceston Sexual Health Service South Australia Hobart Sexual Health Service Queensland Aboriginal Health Council of South Australia, Inc. Royal Hobart Hospital AIDS Medical Unit, Queensland Health, Adelaide Salvation Army Launceston, Launceston Brisbane AIDS Council of South Australia (ACSA), Adelaide Tasmanian Council on AIDS, Hepatitis and Apunipima Cape York Health Council, Drug and Alcohol Services South Australia Related Diseases (TasCAHRD), Hobart and BungalowBiala Alcohol and Drug Services, (DASSA), Adelaide Glenorchy Brisbane The Care and Prevention Program, Adelaide Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre, Hobart Brisbane Sexual Health Clinic, Brisbane University, Adelaide The Link Youth Health Service, Hobart Cairns Base Hospital, Cairns Clinic 275, Adelaide Cairns Base Hospital NSP Services, Cairns Communicable Disease Control Branch, SA Cairns Sexual Health Service, Cairns Base Health Hospital, Cairns Department of Health Victoria Carbal Medical Service, Toowoomba Flinders Clinical Trials Pharmacy, Adelaide Association for Prevention and Harm Reduction Programs Australia (Anex), Melbourne Chancellor Park Family Medical Practice, Sippy Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide Barwon Drug and Alcohol Services, Geelong Downs Harm Minimisation Program, Hindmarsh Centre, Clinic 87, Sunshine Coast-Wide Bay Health Adelaide Bendigo NSP Services, Bendigo Service District, Nambour Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Institute of Brighton Medical Clinic, Brighton Communicable Disease Unit, Queensland Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Health, Brisbane Noarlunga Community Health Service, Adelaide Melbourne Department of Corrective Services, Brisbane Northern Metropolitan Community Health Centre for Women’s Health, Gender and Society, Dolls House Sexual Health Clinic, Cairns Service NSP and Shopfront, Salisbury; SA Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne Family Planning Queensland, Toowoomba Nunkuwarrin Yunti of South Australia Inc, Gladstone Road Medical Centre, Brisbane Adelaide Darebin Community Health Centre, Northcote Gold Coast Hospital, Southport O’Brien Street Practice, Adelaide Deakin Health Economics Unit, Deakin Gold Coast Sexual Health Clinic, Miami University, Melbourne Parks Community Health Service, Adelaide Goondir Health Service, Dalby Department of Human Services, Victoria Port Adelaide Community Health Service, Port Kewarra Family Practice, Kewarra Beach Adelaide Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Kobi House, Toowoomba Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide Genesis Medical Centre, Brighton Nambour Medical Centre, Nambour Royal Adelaide Hospital Clinic 275 Health Information Exchange, Salvation Army, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Services, Melbourne Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane Internal Medicine Service, Royal Adelaide Princess Alexandra Sexual Health, South Hospital Health Works, Footscray Brisbane Shine SA (Sexual Health Information Networking Inner Space, Melbourne Queensland Aboriginal and Islander Health and Education Inc) Key Centre for Women’s Health in Society, Council, Brisbane South Australian Health Department University of Melbourne, Melbourne Queensland Health, Brisbane South Australian Voice for Intravenous Education Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Queensland Injectors Health Network (QuIHN), (SAVIVE) Noarlunga, Norwood, Parks, Port Research and Public Health, Melbourne Brisbane, Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast Adelaide Melbourne Pathology, Melbourne Queensland Medical Laboratory (QML), Shopfront Youth Health and Information Melbourne Sexual Health Centre Brisbane Services, Adelaide The Microbiological Diagnostic Unit, University Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane South Australian Prison Health Services, Adelaide of Melbourne Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane Women’s and Children’s Hospital Adelaide Middle Park Clinic, Melbourne

62 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne Fremantle Hospital Sexual Health Service Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London Monash University, Melbourne Geraldton Regional Aboriginal Medical Service, Chaing Mai University, Chaing Mai, Thailand Mooroopna Medical Centre, Mooroopna Geraldton Chiang Rai Regional Hospital, Chiang Rai, Kimberley Aboriginal Medical Services Council, Nexpep, Victoria Thailand Broome Children Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Min City, Vietnam North Richmond Drug Safety Program, Kimberley Population Health Unit, Broome Melbourne Murdoch University, Perth Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Northcote Clinic, Melbourne National Drug Research Institute, Curtin Northcote Needle and Syringe Program Services, University of Technology Chonburi Regional Hospital, Chonburi, Thailand Melbourne Quarry Health Centre for under 25s, Fremantle; Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, South Africa Northside Clinic, Fitzroy North Royal Perth Hospital, Perth Chulalongkorn Hospital, Bangkok People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), Royal Perth Hospital Sexual Health Clinic Melbourne Royal Perth Hospital, Department of Clinical Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta Prahran Market Clinic, Melbourne Immunology Community Research Initiative of New England, Sexual Health and Blood Borne Virus Program, Boston Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Department of Health, Perth Concerted Action on Seroconversion to AIDS and Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne University of Western Australia, Perth Death in Europe (CASCADE) and its contributors, School of Population Health, The University of Western Australian AIDS Council (WAAC), Perth Coordinating Unit, London Melbourne, Melbourne Western Australia Country Health Service Copenhagen HIV Programme, Hvidovre Southern Hepatitis/HIV/AIDS Resource and (WACHS), Perth University Hospital, Copenhagen Prevention Service (SHARPS), Melbourne Western Australian Substance Users Association Cornell University, New York South East Alcohol and Drug Service, Dandenong (WASUA), Perth Department of HIV/GUM Research, Brighton, UK St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne Department of Life Science & Medical Bio- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne Science, School of Advanced Science and The Carlton Clinic, Melbourne International Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan The Centre Clinic, Melbourne Academic Medical Centre, University of Department of Social Medicine, University of Victorian Aboriginal Community Controlled Amsterdam, Amsterdam Bristol, UK Health Organisation, Melbourne AIDS Clinical Centre, International Medical Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Victorian Aboriginal Health Service, Fitzroy Centre of Japan, Tokyo Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul Victorian AIDS Council/Gay Men’s Health Centre AIDS Malignancy Consortium, Birmingham, USA (GMHC), Melbourne Division of Statistics, School of Public Health, American Foundation for AIDS Research University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA Victorian Cytology Service Inc, Melbourne (amfAR), New York Evangel Hospital, Jos, Nigeria Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Laboratory, Melbourne Cambodia Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA Wellness Centre Medical Clinic, Malvern East Arkansas Children’s Hospital Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University and Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Aviano Cancer Centre, Aviano, Italy Victoria Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia Bamrasnaradura Hospital, Bangkok Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing Fundacion Arriaran, Santiago, Chile British Columbia Cancer Registry, Vancouver Western Australia Fundacion Centro de Estudios Infectologicos British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, (FUNCEI), Clinica La Sagrada Familia, Buenos Aboriginal Health Council of Western Australia, Vancouver, Canada Aires Perth British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/ AK medical/dental Clinic, Kelmscott Gemeinschaftspraxis Jessen, Berlin, Germany AIDS, Vancouver, Canada Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical geneOmbio Technologies Pvt Ltd, Pune, India Brown University, Providence, USA Statistics, Perth German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg Calgary Regional Health Authority, Canada Communicable Diseases ControlDirectorate, Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem Department of Health, Perth Cambodia NCHADS Harvard University, Boston Curtin University of Technology Canadian Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver HIV Netherlands, Australia, Thailand Research Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona Data Linkage Western Australia, Perth Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Bangkok Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Department of Corrective Services, Perth Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris Behaviour, London School of Hygiene & Department of Health, Western Australia Tropical Medicine, UK Hospital Almenara, Lima, Peru Derbarl Yerrigan Health Service, Perth Centro de Asistencia e Investigacion Clinica Hospital Central, Mendoza, Argentina Duncraig Medical Centre, Duncraig de Inmunocomprometidos (CAICI), Rosario, Hospital de Clinicas Jose de San Martin, Buenos Fremantle Hospital Argentina Aires

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 63 Hospital Dos de Mayo, Lima, Peru of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas FJ Muniz, Tokyo, Japan Boston, USA Buenos Aires Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Hospital General de Agudos JM Ramos Mejia, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin Bangkok Buenos Aires McGill University Rambam Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel Hospital General de Agudos Juan A Fernandez, Medical Group Practice, Berlin Research Institute for Health Science, Chiang Buenos Aires Mai, Thailand Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa Hospital General de Agudos Teodoro Álvarez, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, Buenos Aires London Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway Hospital General de Guadelajara, Mexico Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control Hospital General de Leon, Mexico and Prevention, China Muirhouse Medical Group, Edinburgh, UK Hospital Interzonal de Agudos San Juan de Dios, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok Nagoga Medical Center, Nagoga, Japan La Plata, Argentina Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Oscar Health, Bethesda, USA Stanford University, Stanford, USA Alende, Mar del Plata, Argentina National Center for AIDS/STD Control and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Prevention, Beijing, China University, China Argentina National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Copenhagen Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia STDs (NCHADS), Phnom Penh Taipei Veterans General Hospital and AIDS Hospital Paroissien, Buenos Aires, Argentina National Center for Tuberculosis and Leprosy Prevention and Research Centre, National Yang- Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan Hospital Likas, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia National Health Laboratory Services, University Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre, Israel Hospital Nacional Prof Dr Alejandro Posadas, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA Buenos Aires Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kelantan, National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi Canada Malaysia National Institute for Public Health, Phnom Penh Toronto Health Economics and Technology Hospital Rawson, Bajada Pucara, Argentina National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Assessment Collaborative (THETA), Toronto, Hospital San Borja-Arriaran, Santiago, Chile Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Canada Hospital Sungai Buloh, Kuala Lumpur USA Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada Imperial College, St Mary’s Hospital, London National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo Toronto Hospital, Canada Infections and Immunity, Avenir Group, Hôpital National Institute on Drug Abuse, National TREAT Asia, American Foundation for AIDS Pitié Salpêtrière, Université Pierre et Marie Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA Research (amFAR), Bangkok, Thailand and New Curie-Paris, France National Pediatric Hospital, Phnom Penh York, USA Institute of Infectious Disease, Pune, India National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei Uduyana University, Sanglah Hospital, Bali Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von New Hope for Cambodian Children, Phnom Penh UNAIDS, Geneva Humboldt, Lima, Peru Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Oxford University Health Network, Toronto, Canada Nutricion Salvador Zubrián, Mexico City Osaka National Hospital, Japan University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur Integrated Treatment Centre, Hong Kong Papua New Guinea Institute for Medical International AIDS Society, Geneva Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea University of Basel, Switzerland International Consortium of Investigators Papua New Guinea National AIDS Council University of British Columbia Working on Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Partners AIDS Research Center, Boston University of California, Los Angeles Epidemiologic Studies (InterLymph) Pediatric Institute, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala University of California, San Francisco Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Lumpur University of California, San Francisco, Vietnam Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda Penang Hospital, Malaysia Campus, Ho Chi Min City, Vietnam Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria Plateau State Specialist Hospital, Jos, Nigeria University of Detroit JOSHUA Research, Bloemfontein, South Africa Port Moresby General Hospital, Papua New University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada JW Goethe Universität, Frankfurt Guinea University of Indonesia, Jakarta Kaplan Medical Centre, Rehovot, Israel Providence Health Care, Vancouver University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand Public Health Service (GGD), Amsterdam, the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA Kumamoto Univeristy, Japan Netherlands University of Toronto, Canada Laboratory of Tumour Cell Biology, Department Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong University of Waterloo, Canada of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Vietnam AIDS Council

64 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Waikato Hospital, Hamilton NZ Wayne State University, Detroit, USA The World Bank The World Health Organisation, Geneva Worldwide Orphans Foundation (WWO), Ho Chi Min City Wuhan University, Wuhan, China YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education, Chennai, India

Pharmaceutical and biomedical industry Abbott Australasia Pty Ltd, Sydney Boehringer Ingelheim Pty Ltd, Sydney Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals, Melbourne Calimmune, USA CSL Limited, Melbourne Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California GlaxoSmithKline Australia, Melbourne Janssen-Cilag Pty Ltd, Sydney Johnson & Johnson Research Pty Ltd, Sydney Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, USA Merck Sharp and Dohme, Sydney Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd, Sydney Roche Pharmaceuticals Roche Products Pty Ltd, Sydney Schering Plough Pty Ltd, Sydney

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 65 Disclosure of financial and other relationships

In relation to the companies indicated, staff members listed below either served on advisory boards or received individual travel grants, consultancy payments or honoraria during 2010. No staff member was a personal recipient of a tied or untied grant or had ownership in intellectual property related to any company that funded NCHECR’s research program during 2010. Abbreviated forms of the company names have been used for ease of recognition.

Mark Boyd Anthony Kelleher MSDA Becton Dickenson Bristol-Myers Squibb Australia Merck Sharp & Dohme Viiv Di Carey Virax Boehringer-Ingelheim Matthew Law David Cooper DLA Phillips Abbott NSW Health Bristol-Myers Squibb Sirtex Technology Pty Ltd Gilead Janssen-Cilag Pip Marks Merck Roche Pfizer Tobira Gail Matthews ViiV Bristol-Myers Squibb Gilead Basil Donovan Merck Sharp & Dohme CSL Roche Sanofi-Pasteur MSD Sarah Pett Greg Dore Boehringer-Ingelheim Bristol-Myers Squibb Gilead Sciences Gilead Merck Sharp & Dohme Janssen-Cilag ViiV Merck Roche

Sean Emery Abbott BMS Australia Gilead GlaxoSmithKline MSDA Tibotec ViiV

Jason Grebely Merck Sharp and Dohme Schering-Plough

Andrew Grulich CSL Merck Sharp and Dohme

66 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Funding

Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing Research activities for blood borne virus and sexually transmissible infections 5,871,235 The Australian Collaboration for Chlamydia Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance (ACCESS) Project 141,265

Other grants and contracts from public sources – American Foundation for AIDS Research: TREAT Asia Studies to Evaluate Resistance (TASER) 231,449 TREAT Asia Quality Assurance Scheme (TAQAS) 194,502 TREAT Asia Pediatric HIV Observational Database (TApHOD) 189,896

AusAID: Evaluating and predicting the epidemiological impact of health policies for reducing HIV in Melanesian and South-East Asian populations 152,558

Australian Research Council (ARC): Planning female and male vaccination and cervical screening strategies to achieve optimal prevention of HPV-related disease (Project) 122,358 Planning female and male vaccination and cervical screening strategies to achieve optimal prevention of HPV-related disease (APAI) 40,292 Sexual health and relationships in young Indigenous people 208,284 Using mathematical modelling to inform HIV/AIDS public health policy 178,710 Understanding spatial trends in HIV/AIDS infections in South Africa and Australia 81,660

Australian Society for HIV Medicine: A Prospective cohort study of Hepatitis C treatment delivery in primary care settings 29,385 Consortium to Implement AusAID’s Regional Capacity Building Program 2007-2011 - Cambodia 199,786 Consortium to Implement AusAID’s Regional Capacity Building Program 2007-2011 - Indonesia 192,743

Department of State and Regional Development to Industry and Investment NSW - Infrastructure Funding agreement with St Vincent’s Hospital 3,050,053

European Medicines Evaluation Agency: Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs Study 44,420

Family Health International Subcontract funded from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation: Development of Assays for Acute HIV Infection and Estimation of HIV Incidence in Populations 66,207

Head of Finance, Annie Tung (second from left) with members of the Finance Unit

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 67 Medical Research Council, UK: SPARTAC Study 24,507

NHMRC: CCRE in Aboriginal Health: Blood borne viral and sexually transmitted infection 227,273 Program Grant - HIV & HCV vaccines and immunopathogenesis 1,898,983 Program Grant - Sexually Transmitted Infections 1,075,032 Project Grant - Defining risk and mechanisms of permucosal transmission for acute HCV infection within high-risk populations 128,368 Project Grant - Hepatitis C Vaccine Preparedness Study 249,894 Project Grant - Modelling and economic evaluation of hepatitis C epidemic mitigation strategies in Australia 152,339 Project Grant - Modelling the interaction between sexually transmitted infections and HIV transmission to inform public health policy 162,529 Project Grant - Randomised controlled trial of Hepatitis B Vaccine Completion in Injecting Drug Users 85,042 Project Grant - Randomised trial to determine the safety and efficacy of early versus deferred treatment of adult HIV infection (START) 137,545 Project Grant - Social norms regarding HIV/STI risk and risk reduction behaviours among men who have sex with men in Australia 189,596 Research Fellows: Practitioner Fellowship for Basil Donovan 102,893 Practitioner Fellowship for Greg Dore 85,774 Practitioner Fellowship for Tony Kelleher 73,520 Public Health Fellowship for Bette Liu 80,008 Public Health Fellowship for Rebecca Guy 72,508 Public Health Fellowship for Peter Higgs 72,508 PRF - Andrew Grulich 138,074 SPRF - John Kaldor 156,161 SPRF - Lisa Maher 114,128 Postgraduate Scholarship for Bethany White 18,647 Sidney Sax Fellowship - Joanne Kimber 72,508

NHMRC - Program Grant Subcontract University of Sydney: Mathematical Modelling for improved planning of infectious disease control policy 30,000 University of Sydney: Building research capacity for health interventions to improve Aboriginal health 56,750 University of Melbourne: Using mathematical models to assess the impact of interventions to reduce sexually transmitted infections in Australia 110,000

NSW Health Department Australian Chronic Hepatitis C Observational Study (ACHOS) 74,500 Expert services in HIV/AIDS, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible diseases 50,000 HIV Seroconversion Study 21,378 Increasing access to HCV treatment in NSW through opiate pharmacotherapy settings - pilot clinics project (ETHOS) 60,000 NSW Gay Men’s HIV Prevention Modelling Project 50,000 Sexual health and relationships in young Indigenous People (ARC Linkage Partner) 41,000

ACT Health Sexual health and relationships in young Indigenous People (ARC Linkage Partner) 1,000

Queensland Health Australian Chronic Hepatitis C Observational Study (ACHOS) 117,874 Sexual health and relationships in young Indigenous People (ARC Linkage Partner) 12,500 Study of risk factors for HIV seroconversion 11,150

South Australia Health Evaluation of the South Australian HIV Epidemic 17,096

Tasmania Health & Human Services Sexual health and relationships in young Indigenous People (ARC Linkage Partner) 3,000

Victoria Health Sexual health and relationships in young Indigenous People (ARC Linkage Partner) 15,500

Western Australia Health Sexual health and relationships in young Indigenous People (ARC Linkage Partner) 1,500 Study of risk and HIV among men who have sex with men in Western Australia 11,955

The Cancer Council NSW Strategic Research Partnership Grant with University of Sydney - Towards a strategic partnership (STREP) 50,000

The University of Melbourne Collaborative Agreement from Department of Health & Ageing - Evaluation of Chlamydia Pilot in General Practice (ACCEPt) 159,200

UNAIDS Evaluating the effectiveness of needle and syringe programs in Eastern Europe 33,668

68 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 US National Institutes of Health Treatment of recently acquired hepatitis C virus infection (ATAHC 2 ) 183,140

US National Institutes of Health subcontracts American Foundation for AIDS Research: TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (APHOD) 424,714 Thai Red Cross Research Centre: HIV Research Program in Thailand and Cambodia 85,472 University of California, San Francisco Institute for Global Health : Culture and HIV Prevention in Cambodia 27,136 University of California, San Francisco: Syphilis chemoprophylaxis in homosexual men with HIV infection using doxycycline 30,375 University of Minnesota: INSIGHT - Leadership 415,190 University of Minnesota: INSIGHT - FLU 002 & FLU 003 184,711 University of Minnesota: START Study 222,008 University of Minnesota: STALWART Study 80,134

Victorian Cytology Service Planning female and male vaccination and cervical screening strategies to achieve optimal prevention of HPV-related disease (ARC Linkage Partner) 4,620

Pharmaceutical Industry Funding Abbott Australasia Pty Ltd 200,000 CSL Limited 104,545 CSL Limited (ARC Linkage Partner) 67,167 Gilead Science Inc 511,405 Gilead Science Pty Ltd 535,000 GlaxoSmithKline Pty Ltd 25,000 Janssen-Cilag Pty Ltd 5,369 Merck Sharp & Dohme 258,213 Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd 3,380 Pfizer Inc via Quintiles Pty Ltd 31,154 Quintiles Pty Ltd 6,665 Tibotec Pharmaceuticals Ltd via Quintiles Pty Ltd 11,925

Total 20,658,034

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 69 Research grants

Cooper D, Emery S. Abbott Australasia Pty Ltd. Research Costs). $20,000 (2010-2013) Zablotska-Manos I. NHMRC Project Grant: A randomised open-label study comparing Social norms regarding HIV/STI risk and risk Maher L. NHMRC Project Grant: Hepatitis the safety and efficacy of ritonavir boosted reduction behaviours among men who have C Vaccine Preparedness Study: Investing in lopinavir and 2N9t) RTI backbone versus the sex with men in Australia. $667,563 (2010- Infectious Disease Prevention. $692,350 same ritonavir boosted lopinavir and raltegravir 2012) (2010-2012) in patients virologically failing first-time NNRTI/2N(t)RTI therapy: the SECOND-LINE Matthews G. Gilead Science Pty Ltd. Variation study. $ 600,000 (2010-2012) in serum levels of HBsAG and eAg following initiation of HBV-active HAART in HIV-HBV Cooper D. NSW Office for Science and Medical co infected individuals and the relationship Research/NSW Medical Research Support with subsequent long-term virological and Program. Institute of Virology Infrastructure serological outcomes. $61,690 (2010) Funding. $ 4,577,278 (2010-2011) Olsen A. NHMRC Training Fellowship for Dore G. Australasian Society for HIV Medicine. ATSI Health Research: Liver spots: A study of A Prospective cohort study of Hepatitis C hepatitis B knowledge, treatment and health treatment delivery in primary care settings (GP care among Indigenous Australians (Training Pilot). $60,295 (2010-2012) Support Package). $265,000 (2010-2013)

Dore G. NIH. Treatment of recently acquired Olsen A. NHMRC Training Fellowship for hepatitis C virus infection (ATAHC 2 ). USD ATSI Health Research: Liver spots: A study of 353,564 (2010-2011) hepatitis B knowledge, treatment and health Emery S. American Foundation for AIDS care among Indigenous Australians (Direct Research. A randomised open-label study Research Costs). $20,000 (2010-2013) of second-line combination ART. $125,000 Prestage G. NSW Health. HIV Seroconversion (2010-2014) Study $21,378 (2010)

Grulich A. NHMRC Program Grant: Sexually White B. NHMRC Dora Lush Standard Transmitted Infections: Causes Consequences Postgraduate Scholarship: Hepatitis C vaccine and Interventions (SPANC). $1,779,120 (2010- preparedness: feasibility of field-based vaccine 2014) trials. $56,188 (2010-2012)

Kaldor J. NHMRC Program Grant: Sexually Wilson D. ARC Discovery Project: Transmitted Infections: Causes Consequences Understanding spatial trends in HIV/AIDS and Interventions .$1,779,120 (2010-2014) infections in South Africa and Australia. Kaldor J. NHMRC Program Grant: Sexually $225,000 (2010-2012) Transmitted Infections: Causes Consequences Wilson D. Australian Agency for International and Interventions (Contingency) $50,000 Development (AusAID). Improving HIV/AIDS (2010-2014) surveillance and evaluation in China. $33,770 (2010) Kelleher A. NHMRC Project Grant: siRNA Induced transcriptional silencing of HIV-1: Wilson D. NHMRC Project Grant: Modelling Elucidating the mechanisms and exploring and economic evaluation of hepatitis C options for delivery. $494,500 (2010-2012) epidemic mitigation strategies in Australia. $448,500 (2010-2012) Law M. NHMRC Program Grant: Sexually Transmitted Infections: Causes Consequences Wilson D. NHMRC Project Grant: Modelling and Interventions. $1,779,120 (2010-2014) the interaction between sexually transmitted infections and HIV transmission to inform Liu B. NHMRC Australian Based Public Health public health policy. $523,750 (2010-2012) Training Fellowship: Notifiable communicable diseases and reproductive health. $300,032 Wilson D. NSW Health. NSW Gay Men’s HIV (2010-2013) Prevention Modelling Project. $50,000 (2010)

Liu B. NHMRC Australian Based Public Health Wilson D. UNAIDS. Evaluating the effectiveness Training Fellowship: Notifiable communicable of needle and syringe programs in Eastern diseases and reproductive health (Direct Europe $67,362 (2010-2011)

70 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Conference presentations

Australian Antiretroviral Guidelines men who have sex with men. Treating drug users for hepatitis C: Myths and Consortium Sydney, January realities, evolving knowledge and practice. Law M. Advice to Consortium regarding when Udayana University Workshop on Wilson DP. Modelling the impact of changes in to start antiretrovirals. capacity building in HIV clinical and HIV testing rates and estimating the outcomes epidemiological research Yogkarta, March from the introduction of rapid HIV testing in Vietnam HIV/AIDS Evaluation Kaldor JM. Longitudinal methods in clinical Australia Conference Hanoi, January and public health research. Wilson DP. Introduction to modelling Wilson DP. Rapid HIV Testing: it’s about time! evaluation of HIV epidemics. Australian Federation of AIDS Zablotska I, Down I. Pilot study of Respondent- Organisations HIV Educators Conference Wilson DP. Data and inputs for Vietnam Driven Sampling among gay men in Sydney: Epidemic Model for evaluation of provincial Sydney, March lessons learnt. Current epidemiological trends harm reduction programs. Wilson DP. in blood-borne viral and sexually transmitted Zablotska I. HIV testing among gay men/MSM Wilson DP. Vietnam impact assessment of infections. in Australia. harm reduction programs. Zablotska I. Surveys of gay men in World Congress of Internal Medicine metropolitan Sydney and rural/regional NSW: 17th Conference on Retroviruses and Melbourne, March comparison of indicators. Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2010) San Templeton D. Sexually transmitted infections in Francisco, February men who have sex with men. 2010 International Liver Congress , Worm SW, Reiss P, De Wit S, Petoumenos K Vienna, April D’Arminio Monforte A, Sabin C, Friis-Moller N, Evolving Knowledge and Practice: Grebely J, Dore GJ, Schim van der Loeff M, Cox Weber R, Mercie P, Pradier C, El-Sadr W, Kirk 11th Social Research Conference on AL, Bruneau J, Kim AY, Lloyd AR, Maher L, O, Lundgren J, . On behalf of the D:A:D Law M HIV, Hepatitis C and Related Diseases Hellard M, Page K, Prins M, on behalf of the Study Group. Rates of Cardiovascular Disease Sydney, April InC3 Collaborative Group. Factors associated Following Smoking Cessation in Patients with Coupland H, Maher L. Adjudicating injecting with spontaneous clearance during acute HIV Infection: Results from the D:A:D Study. drug users’ candidacy for hepatitis C treatment: hepatitis c virus infection. Winston A, Duncombe C, Li P, Gill J, Kerr S, Puls Conflicting provider, patient and public health Matthews GV, Grebely J, Hellard M, Yeung B, R, Petoumenos K, Taylor-Robinson S, Emery realities? Marks P, Rawlinson W, Kaldor JM, Dore GJ on , , and the Altair Study Group. cART S Cooper D Deacon RM, Newland J, Harris M, Treloar C, behalf of the ATAHC Study Group. Differences Alters Changes in Cerebral Function Testing Maher L. Hepatitis C seroconversion: Using in early virological decline in individuals treated after 48 Weeks in Treatment-naïve, HIV-1- qualitative research to enhance surveillance. within the Australian Trial in Acute HCV suggest infected Subjects Commencing cART. a potential benefit for the use of ribavirin. Down I, Bradley J, McCann P, Brown G, Hurley Wright E, B Grund B, Robertson K, Roediger M, M, Prestage G. Meanings of HIV in a changing Matthews GV, Grebely J, Hellard M, Yeung B, Brew B, Drummond F, Pumpradit W, Shlay J, epidemic. Marks P, Rawlinson W, Kaldor JM, Dore GJ on Penalva de Oliveira A, Price R, for the INSIGHT behalf of the ATAHC Study Group. Week 4 HCV SMART Study Group. CVD and CVD Risk McInnes D, Prestage G, Bradley J. RNA is the optimal predictor of SVR in both Factors Are Associated with Lower Baseline Responsibility, risk and negotiation in the HIV positive and negative subjects within the Neurocognitive Performance in the SMART discourse of gay men’s group sex. Australian Trial in Acute HCV. Neurology Substudy. Polis S, Zekry A, Maher L. Patient experiences of adherence to hepatitis B anti viral medications. 21st International Harm Reduction 2010 Canadian Association for the Study Poynten IM, Jin FY, Prestage GP, Kaldor Association Conference Liverpool UK, of the Liver Banff (Canada) February JM, Imrie J, Grulich AE. Attitudes towards April Grebely J, Petoumenos K, Hellard M, biomedical HIV prevention technologies among Couture MC, Sapphon V, Phal S, Sothy NS, Matthews GV, Marks P, Haber P, Rawlinson a cohort of HIV negative gay men in Sydney, Sichan K, Stein E, Evans J, Kaldor J, Vun MC, W, Lloyd A, White PA, Kaldor JM, Dore Australia. Page K, Maher L. Incidence of HIV and sexually GJ on behalf of the ATAHC Study Group. transmitted infections and yama use among Spontaneous clearance and viral dynamics Prestage G, Hurley M, Brown G, Down I, young sex workers in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. during recent hepatitis C virus infection. Bradley J, McCann P. Reasoning risk-reduction. Grebely J, Hellard M, Bryant J, Hull P, Lavis Y, World Congress of Internal Medicine Prestage G. Enlightened self-interest or Hopwood H, Dore GJ, Treloar C. Assessment Melbourne, March ‘cultures of care? and treatment of hepatitis C virus infection Templeton D. Sexually transmitted infections in Sacks-Davis R, Gold J, Higgs P, Hellard M. among people who inject drugs in Australia

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 71 Harris M, Treloar C, Maher L. Agency, strategy men acquiring HIV while travelling and working 12th International Symposium on and upbringing: Long-term injectors staying overseas. Chlamydial Infections, Salzburg, June safe from hepatitis C in Sydney. Hocking JS, Low N, Temple-Smith M, Prestage G, Brown G, Hurley M. PASHing with Donovan B, Gunn J, Law M, Kaldor JM, Guy Higgs P, Aitken C, Hellard M, Maher L. Luck, the results – implications and application of the R, Poznanski S, Fairley CK on behalf of the chance and good fortune: Accounts of long- results of the PASH study. ACCEPt Consortium. ACCEPt (Australian term injectors staying safe from hepatitis C in Chlamydia Control Effectiveness Pilot): design Melbourne. Advances in Public Health and Health of a chlamydia testing cluster randomized Olsen A, Banwell C, Dance P, Maher.L, “It’s just Services Research at UNSW 2nd Annual controlled trial in general practice. one of those things”: Living with hepatitis C and Symposium May Kaldor JM. Collaborative research on contextual meaning of health among women National Indigenous Drug and Alcohol who inject drugs. the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in Papua New Guinea. Committee Conference Injecting drug use and Aboriginal Communities Adelaide, Multinational Influenza Seasonal July Australian Centre for HIV & Hepatitis Mortality Study Copenhagen, May Ward J. Keynote speaker Davey R, Dwyer D, Losso M, Lynfield R, Virology Research (ACH2) 6th National Cozzi-Lepri A, Gey D, Herman-Lamin K, Hoppe Workshop Yarra Valley, Victoria, June Jacka B, Mokany E, Pham ST, Carrera A, XVIII International AIDS Conference A, Neaton J, Pett S, Standridge B, Uyeki T, Vienna, July Wentworth D, Lundgren J on behalf of the Kelleher A, Matthews G, Dore G, Applegate . MNAzyme qPCR used to quantify multiple Cooper DA. New drug developments and future INSIGHT FLU 002 & 003 Study Groups. T genotypes in Hepatitis C infection. options in antitretroviral therapy. Ongoing Global Assessment of Severity of the 2009 H1N1v Influenza A pandemic: INSIGHT Grebely J, Petoumenos K, Hellard M, Couture, MC, Sansothy N, Stein ES, Evans J, (International Network for Strategic Initiatives in Matthews GV, Suppiah V, Applegate T, Sichan K, Maher L, Page K. (on behalf of the Global HIV Trials) FLU 002 and 003 protocols. Yeung B, Marks P, Rawlinson W, Lloyd AR, Young Women’s Health Study Collaborative). Booth D, Kaldor JM, George J, Dore GJ for the Amphetamine-type stimulant use increases Microbicides 2010 Conference ATAHC Study Group. Potential role for IL28B HIV risk among young women engaged in sex Pittsburgh, May genotype in treatment decision-making in work in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. recent hepatitis C virus infection. Lees S, Mtolela G, Selestine V, Barberousse Jin J. Transmission risks for MSM C, Masanja J, Vallely A, Moffat V, Harvey S,

Hayes RJ. Uptake of referrals to HIV care and Australia’s health 2010: Australian Jin F, Jansson J, Law M, Prestage GP, , Imrie JCG, Kippax SC, treatment services in Mwanza, Tanzania during Institute of Health and Welfare Canberra, Zablotska I Kaldor JM, . Per-contact probability the MDP 301 Phase III clinical trial of PRO June Grulich AE, Wilson DP of HIV transmission in homosexual men in 2000 microbicide gel. Wilson DP. Infectious diseases: sexually transmissible infections in Australia. Sydney in the era of HAART. 16th International Union against sexually Koelsch KK, Xu Y, Bailey M, McBride K, transmitted infections (IUSTI) Bali, May Australian Centre for HIV & Hepatitis Seddiki N, Suzuki K, Murray J, Cooper DA, Wilson DP. Developing a national strategy for Virology Research (ACH2) Conference Kelleher AD, Zaunders J. A detailed analysis reducing syphilis epidemics among gay men. Melbourne, June of T cell subsets and their susceptibility for Flynn JK, Dore GJ, Hellard M, Yeung B, infection with HIV and the possibility for Donovan B. Chlamydia (invited seminar White PA, Lloyd AR, Ffrench RA, on behalf HIV persistence in those cells. presentation) of the ATAHC Study Group. Altered cytokine Koelsch KK, Xu Y, Bailey M, McBride K, Donovan B. Should males be vaccinated responses in HCV-infected subjects treated with Seddiki N, Suzuki K, Murray J, Cooper DA, against HPV? (invited plenary). interferon. Kelleher AD, Zaunders J. Most HIV DNA in Grebely J, Petoumenos K, Hellard M, PBMC is present in non-gut homing, resting 4th Annual Rural Health Conference, Matthews GV, Suppiah V, Applegate T, memory CD4 T cells with ß7-CD38-CD127high Broome, May Yeung B, Marks P, Rawlinson W, Lloyd AR, phenotype. Ward J, Kaldor JM, Guy R, Rumbold A, Skov S, Booth D, Kaldor JM, George J, Dore GJ for the Maher L, Phlong P, Mooney-Somers J, Sichan Maher L, Donovan B, McDermott R. STRIVE: ATAHC Study Group. Potential role for IL28B K, Masy T, Stein E, Couture MC, Sansothy STI in remote communities improving and genotype in treatment decision-making in N, Page K. [on behalf of the Young Women’s enhancing primary health care. recent hepatitis C virus infection. Health Study Collaborative]. “It makes us dare to do what we did not dare to do before”: Health in Difference, Aboriginal Lesbian, International HIV & Hepatitis Virus Amphetamine-type stimulant use and HIV/ Gay and Sistergirl Health Issues – Drug Resistance and Curative Strategies Sameness or Difference Sydney, May STI risk behaviour among young female sex Workshop, Dubrovnik, June workers in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Ward J. Keynote speaker Koelsch KK, Xu Y, Bailey M, McBride K, Seddiki N, Suzuki K, Murray J, Cooper DA, Poynten IM, Jin FY, Prestage GP, Kaldor AFAO HIV Educators’ Conference, Kelleher AD, Zaunders J. A detailed analysis JM, Kippax S, Grulich AE. Defining high HIV Sydney, May of T cell subsets and their susceptibility for incidence subgroups of Australian homosexual Brown G, Ellard J, Mooney-Somers J, Prestage infection with HIV and the possibility for men: implications for conducting HIV J. ‘Living a life less ordinary’: Risk perspectives of HIV persistence in those cells. prevention trials in low HIV prevalence settings.

72 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Wilson DP. Development of Australia’s syphilis Marriott D, Pett S, Brew B, Matthews G. Risk Vital signs: Engaging research plan factors among HIV-infected men who have sex imaginations, Manchester, September with men (MSM) for developing high-grade Mooney-Somers J, Olsen A, Scott R, Akee Wilson DP. Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of anal squamous cytological abnormalities - A, . Participation, authenticity and needle and syringe programs in Australia. Maher L results from the Blokes with Anal Squamous rhetoric: Community-based Participatory Wilson DP. Reducing syphilis among HIV- Intraepithelial Lesions (BASIL) study. Research with an Australian Indigenous infected and -uninfected gay men in Australia. community.

Wilson DP. Serosorting is not a safe strategy PHAA 12th National Immunisation for reducing HIV in most contexts. Conference Adelaide, August 7th Australasian Viral Hepatitis Conway EL, Stein AN, Hocking JS, Brotherton Conference Melbourne, September NCHECR International Clinical Research J, Regan DG, Grulich AE. Increasing burden of Alavi M, Grebely J, Matthews G, Petoumenos Network Meeting Vienna, July HPV-associated anal cancer in Australia. K, Haber P, Yeung B, Lloyd A, Hellard M, Puls R. Altair Week 96 data update and van Beek I, Maher L, Kaldor J and Dore GJ on Donovan B, Franklin N, Guy R, Grulich AE, Encore1 study update behalf of the ATAHC Study Group. Impact of Regan DG, Wand H, Fairley CK. A national pegylated interferon alfa-2a treatment on outcome: quadrivalent HPV vaccination and depression during recent HCV infection: the China T Regs 2010 Conference Shanghai, genital warts in Australia. Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C (ATAHC). July Seddiki N, Cook L, Phetsouphanh C, Xu Y, Stein AN, Conway EL, Brotherton J, Regan DG, Alavi M, Grebely J, Matthews G, Petoumenos Brown K, Cooper DA, Tye-Din J, Anderson B, Grulich AE, Hocking JS. Burden of potentially K, Haber P, Yeung B, Lloyd A, Hellard M, Zaunders J, Kelleher AD. Measuring Antigen- HPV-associated oral cavity and oropharyngeal van Beek I, Maher L, Kaldor J and Dore GJ on Specific CD39+OX40+CD25+ Regulatory and cancer in Australia. behalf of the ATAHC Study Group. Mortality CD39-OX40+CD25+ Effector CD4+ T Cell in among participants with recent hepatitis C virus viral infections (HIV, CMV) and in autoimmunity 5th International Conference on infection in Australia: the Australian Trial in (celiac disease) Interdisciplinary Social Sciences Acute Hepatitis C (ATAHC). Cambridge, August Balcomb AC, Buckerfield J, Lynch TF, D’Aquino HIV and Ageing Symposium, National . The Goals of Australia’s . Prestage G, Wilson D F, Gillman A and Dore GJ ‘Clinic 96’ Update - A Association for People Living with HIV/ National Syphilis Action Plan Are Based in Community based hepatitis C treatment service AIDS Sydney, June Interdisciplinary Research Findings. in regional NSW and an ETHOS rural site. Murray M. HIV The ageing of the HIV epidemic in Australia. Deacon RM, Topp L, Wand H, Day CA, Rodgers NRL Annual Conference, Melbourne, C, Haber PS, van Beek I, Maher L, (on behalf August of the Hepatitis Acceptability and Vaccine 26th International Papillomavirus Dimech W, Guy R, Bergeri I, Kong F, Boyle D, Conference Montreal, July Incentives Trial (HAVIT) Group). Correlates of Donovan B, Hellard M on behalf of the ACCESS Botes L, Pett S, Marriott D, Carr A, Cooper DA, hepatitis B vaccination status among injecting collaboration. ACCESS Laboratory Network Hillman R. High acceptability of self-collected drug users: a comparison of eligible and results: first results after 2 years of operation anal swabs and High Resolution Anoscopy ineligible participants in the HAVIT trial. (2008-2009 (HRA). Erratt A, Grebely J, Jauncey M, Gillman A, Hill Conway EL, Stein AN, Hocking JS, Brotherton Primary Health Care Conference, Darwin, S, Day C, Dore GJ. Knowledge and barriers to referral for HCV assessment and treatment J, Regan DG, Grulich AE. Increasing burden of August 2010. among practitioners in the drug and alcohol HPV-associated anal cancer in Australia. Temple-Smith M. Hocking J, Gunn J, Donovan setting. Donovan B, Franklin N, Guy R, Grulich AE, B, Guy R, Kaldor J, Low N, Fairley C. ACCEPting Regan DG, Wand H, Fairley CK. A national the challenge: launching the Australian Everingham H, Hazelwood S, Tierney R, outcome for quadrivalent HPV vaccination Chlamydia Control Effectiveness Pilot (ACCEPt). Grebely J, Gillman A, Crawford S, Bath N and and genital warts in Australia. [Awarded best Dunlop A. Enhanced treatment for hepatitis epidemiology presentation] 17th International Meeting on Hepatitis C in opioid substitution settings (ETHOS) – Exploring the role of peer support in the Grulich AE. A national outcome for C Virus and Related Viruses Yokohama, delivery of hepatitis C treatment. quadrivalent HPV vaccination: declining rates of September genital warts in Australia. Grebely J, Petoumenos K, Hellard M, Gillman AB, Grebely J, Jauncey M, Day C, Matthews GV, Suppiah V, Applegate T, Yeung Dunlop A, Haber P, Wodak A, Balcomb AC, Jin F, van Leeuwen M, Vajdic C, McHugh L, B, Marks P, Rawlinson W, Lloyd AR, Booth D, Weltman MD and Dore GJ. Assessment and Prestage GP, Botes L, Zablotska I, Medley G, Kaldor JM, George J, Dore GJ on behalf of the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Tabrizi S, Kippax SC, Grulich AE, Hillman R. ATAHC Study Group. Potential role for IL28B a prospective, observational cohort of injection High-grade anal intra-epithelial neoplasia in genotype in treatment decision-making in drug users (IDUs): The ETHOS Cohort. homosexual men: data from two community- recent hepatitis C virus infection. based cohorts. Grebely J, Bryant J, Hull P, Hopwood M, Lavis Jacka B, Mokany E, Pham ST, Carrera A, Y, Dore GJ and Treloar C. Specialist assessment Sydney Cancer Conference 2010 Sydney, Kelleher A, Matthews G, Dore GJ, Applegate and treatment of hepatitis C virus infection July T. MNAzyme qPCR used to quantify multiple among injection drug users in New South Botes L, Hillman R, Jin J, Carr A, Cooper DA, genotypes in Hepatitis C infection. Wales, Australia

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 73 Grebely J, Dore GJ, Schim van der Loeff M, and C in New South Wales, Australia. Boyle D, Hellard MA. Chlamydia in family Cox AL, Bruneau J, Kim AY, Lloyd AR, Maher planning clinics: results from the Australian L, Hellard M, Page K and Prins M on behalf of Australasian Epidemiological Association Collaboration for Chlamydia Enhanced Sentinel the InC3 Collaborative Group. Hepatitis C virus Conference Sydney, September-October Surveillance. genotype and female sex are independently , , , Linked Gidding HF Dore GJ Amin J Law MG. Donovan B, Franklin N, Guy R, Grulich AE, associated with spontaneous clearance during hospitalisations for people diagnosed with Regan DG, Wand H, Fairley CK. A national acute infection - findings from an international hepatitis C in NSW: methodological issues program with a nations impact: quadrivalent collaboration (InC3) and the added burden of HIV and hepatitis B HPV vaccination and genital warts in Australia. Grebely J, Dore GJ, Schim van der Loeff M, co-infection. Donovan B. Female sex workers in Asia and the Cox AL, Bruneau J, Kim AY, Lloyd AR, Maher L, Grulich AE. Is the reported association between Pacific Region (invited symposium presentation). Hellard M, Page K, Prins M (on behalf of the birth order and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma , Ryder N, Wand J, , InC3 Collaborative Group). Hepatitis C virus Drummond F Guy RJ due to selection bias? Read P, McNulty AM, Wray L, . Is genotype and female sex are independently as Donovan B azithromycin effective for asymptomatic rectal associated with spontaneous clearance during Cervical and other HPV Related Cancers acute infection-findings from an international chlamydia in men? An audit. – Not Yet Beaten: AOGIN Australia collaboration (INC3). Goller JL, , Saunders M Bergeri I, Meeting. Melbourne, October Ward J Kaldor Williams S, Waples-Crowe P, Moore E, Hunt Grebely J, Petoumenos K, Hellard M, Grulich AE, Stein AN, Jin F, Hocking JS, J, J, Scrimgeour D, Boyle D, S Couzos, Matthews GV, Suppiah V, Applegate T, Yeung Brotherton J, Regan DG, Conway EL. The Donovan B, Hellard MA. A snapshot of Chlamydia testing B, Marks P, Rawlinson W, Lloyd AR, Booth epidemiology of anal cancer in Australia: D, Kaldor JM, George J, and Dore GJ on behalf implications for the development of anal cancer and positivity in eight Aboriginal Community of the ATAHC Study Group. Potential role for prevention services. Controlled Health Services: useful information IL28B genotype in treatment decision-making for local quality improvement. Hocking JS, Philp DJ, Law MG, Regan DG. in recent hepatitis C virus infection What is modelling telling us about vaccination Grulich AE, Stein AN, Jin F, Hocking JS, Jacka B, Mokany E, Pham ST, Carrera A, of males? Brotherton J, Regan DG, Conway EL. Increasing Kelleher A, Matthews G, Dore GJ, Applegate burden and geographical clustering of HPV- associated anal cancer in Australia. T. MNAzyme qPCR used to quantify multiple Anex 2010 Australian Drugs Conference: genotypes in Hepatitis C infection. Public Health and Harm Reduction Grulich AG. Session Chair: sexual health closing Maher L. Hepatitis B and people who Melbourne, October plenary/debate. inject drugs: Challenges, innovations and Wilson DP. Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of Guy R . Wand H, Franklin N, Fairley CK, Chen opportunities. needle and syringe programs in Australia. MY, O’Connor CC, Marshall L, Grulich AE, Matthews GV, Grebely J, Hellard M, Yeung B, Kaldor JM, Hellard M, Donovan B on behalf Society for the Study of STDs in Ireland Marks P, Rawlinson W, Kaldor JM, Dore GJ on of the ACCESS Collaboration. Testing for Annual Conference, Dublin, October behalf of the ATAHC Study Group. Differences chlamydia re-infection at sexual health services Donovan B. The Australian experience with in early virological decline in individuals treated in Australia, 2004-2008. HPV vaccination (invited plenary). within the Australian Trial in Acute HCV suggest Guy R. HIV/STI point-of-care plenary session. a potential benefit for the use of ribavirin (session chair) Franklin N, , , Fairley CK, Joint Australasian Sexual Health Guy R , Chen MY, Dickson B, O’Connor CC, Wilson DP. Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of Congress and ASHM Conference session, Wand H Marshall L, , Hellard M, needle and syringe programs in Australia for Sydney, October Grulich AE Donovan preventing hepatitis C infection among people B, on behalf of the ACCESS Collaboration. Bradshaw C, Hart G (for), Donovan B, Pickett J Chlamydia trends in young heterosexuals who inject drugs. (against) (invited debate). This house believes attending sexual health services in Australia, that STI control should be a priority in HIV control. Making Sense of Health, Illness & 2004-2008: the access system. Disease Oxford, September Australasian Sexual Health Conference Guy R. SMS reminders increase HIV/STI re- Mooney-Somers J, Olsen A, Scott R, Akee A, Sydney, October testing rates among men who have sex with . Learning from the past: Indigenous Maher L Achhra AC, Zhou J, Choi JY, Hoy J, Zhang F, men at Sydney Sexual Health Centre. young people’s accounts of sexually Templeton DJ, Merati T, Woolley I, Petoumenos transmitted infections as resilience narratives. Kong FYS, Guy R Boyle D, Merritt T, Spelman K, Amin J. The clinical significance of + t-cell T, Bergeri I, Hocking JS, Britt H, Lau P, Pirotta counts in Asian and Caucasian HIV-infected MV, Heal C, Brett T, Kaldor JM, Donovan B, AIDS Vaccine 2010 Atlanta, September populations: results from TAHOD and AHOD. Hellard M.. Testing for chlamydia at Australian Wilson DP. The projected impact of general practices: the Australian collaboration implementation of the RV144 HIV vaccine in Botes LP, Ribbons E, McHugh L, Pett S, for chlamydia enhanced sentinel surveillance Thailand. Marriott D, Carr A, Carbone S, Cooper DA, Hillman RJ. Anal cytology: a poor predictor of (ACCESS). severe anal dysplasia in HIV positive men who Australasian Viral Hepatitis Conference Law MG, Woolley I, Templeton DJ, Roth N, have sex with men (MSM). Melbourne, September Chuah J, Mulhall B, Canavan P, McManus H, Gidding HF, Amin J, Dore GJ, Ward K, Law MG. Bowring A, Goller JL, Berger I, Guy RJ, Donovan Cooper DA, Petoumenos K on behalf of the Trends in all cause and liver-related hospital B, Harvey C, Wardle R, McNamee K, Stephens Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD). admissions in people notified with hepatitis B A, Bateson D, Read C, Wright D, Schmidt M, Trends in detectable viral load by calendar year

74 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 in the Australian HIV observational database. 22nd Annual Australasian Society J, Prestage GP, Wilson DP. Which public for HIV Medicine Conference Sydney, health strategies will likely have the greatest McKechnie ML. The role of Multiplex PCR October impact in reducing HIV incidence among gay (mPCR) in the diagnosis of STIs. Botes LP, Ribbons E, McHugh L, Pett S, men in NSW? Read P, McNulty AM, Donovan B. Unprotected Marriott D, Carr A, Carbone S, Cooper DA, fellatio between sex workers and clients: is it a Hillman RJ. Esoteric sex practices: correlation Grulich AE. Cancer prevention in people with problem? with anal cytological findings. HIV.

Shields M, , Jeoffreys N, . Guy RJ Donovan B Boyd MA (Session chair). ASHM Conference Grulich AG. Session Chair: Issues in HIV Evaluation of Treponema PCR in the diagnosis Case Presentation Breakfast. prevention in Gay Men 2. of early syphilis. Rapid HIV testing: what Bradley J, Prestage G. Guy R. SMS reminders increase HIV/STI re- Stein AN, Conway EL, Brotherton J, Regan we want, and when we want it. testing rates among men who have sex with DG, Grulich AE, Hocking JS. The burden of Brown G, Ellard J, Mooney-Somers J, Prestage men at Sydney Sexual Health Centre. potentially HPV-associated oral cavity and G. ‘I was not some young tourist’: Acquisition of oropharyngeal cancer in Australia is increasing. Haskelberg H, Puls R, Petoumenos K, HIV among Australian men while travelling and Pussadee K, Delfino MA,Emery S, Cooper DA Templeton DJ, Manokaran N, O’Connor CC. working overseas. for the Altair Study GroupHIV Drug Resistance Prevalence and predictors of chlamydia co- Byakwaga H. Antiretroviral therapy among Treatment-naïve Patients Randomised infection among gonorrhoea-infected patients intensification with raltegravir or anti- to Three Different Combination Antiretroviral attending a metropolitan sexual health clinic. lipopolysaccharide immunoglobulin from hyper- Regimens in the Altair Study immune bovine colostrum in antiretroviral- Templeton DJ, Prestage GP, IM Poynten, Hood CL, Lim HGW, Suzuki K, Cooper DA, treated patients exhibiting a suboptimal CD4+ Jin F, Zablotska I, Grulich AE. Prevalence, Kelleher AD. Promoter-targeted siRNA incidence and predictors of sexual assault in T-cell response: the CORAL Study. colocalizes with Argonaute 1 and 2 during the community-based him cohort of Sydney Carey C, Wright E, Hoy J, Roth N, Baker D, RNA-induced transcriptional gene silencing of homosexual men. Vlahakis E, Evans M, Jacoby S, Pett S, Emery retroviral infections. S, Cooper DA for the INSIGHT START Study Twin J, Moore EE, Garland SM, Stevens MP, Jansson, J. Evaluating and forecasting Group. A tale of five substudies: in the Strategic Fairley CK, Donovan B, Rawlinson W, Tabrizi the medical outcomes and geographical Timing Of Antiretroviral Treatment (START) trial. SN. Chlamydia trachomatis genotype based on distributions of people living with HIV in clinical samples from men who have sex with Carey D, Amin J, Boyd M, Petoumenos K, Australia. men in Melbourne and Sydney. Emery S. Lipid profiles in HIV-infected adults Jin F, Jansson J, Law M, Prestage GP, Zablotska receiving atazanavir and atazanavir/ritonavir in Walker J, Fairley CK, Bradshaw CS, Tabrizi SN, I, Imrie JCG, Kippax SC, Kaldor JM, Grulich AE, randomised trials: systematic review and meta- Chen MY, Twin J, Taylor N, Donovan B, Kaldor Wilson DP. Per-contact probability of HIV analysis of randomised controlled data. JM, McNamee K, Urban E, Walker S, Currie M, transmission in homosexual men in Sydney in Birden H, Bowden F, Gunn J, Pirotta M, Gurrin Donovan B, Franklin N, Guy R, Grulich AE, the era of HAART. L, Harindra V, Garland SM, Hocking JS. The Regan DG, Wand H, Fairley CK. A national Kaldor JM. Interdisciplinary research on HIV incidence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis in a outcome for quadrivalent HPV vaccination: prevention: A work in progress. cohort of young Australian women. declining rates of genital warts in Australia. Kaldor JM. Recent microbicide clinical trials Ward J, Akre S, Guy R, Donovan B, Kaldor Down I, Bradley J, Gray R, Hoare A, Wilson D, and trials expected to report in the near future. JM, Middleton M, Su J-Y, Knox J, Russell D. Prestage G. What would gay men be prepared A good news story in Aboriginal and Torres to do to reduce rates of HIV? Kaldor JM. Regional Issues in HIV Prevention: Strait Islander health: is it possible to eliminate chair. syphilis? (invited symposium presentation). Fitzgerald L, Wojciechowski L, Keeley S, Reynolds S, Howard C, O’Donnell V, Scherman J, Kariminia A. Survival of HIV-infected children: a Ward J, Goller J, Bergeri, I, Kong F, Ali H, Lambert S, Vallely A. Social isolation for People cohort study from the Asia-Pacific region. Franklin N, Sullivan L, Dimech W, Kaldor JM, living with HIV/AIDS in South East Queensland: Kelly M, French MA, Lewin SR, Kelleher AD, Donovan B, Hellard M, Guy R. Understanding Determinants and Consequences. Amin J, Garsia R, Haskelberg H, Byakwaga epidemiology of Chlamydia related to Goller JL, , Saunders M Bergeri I, H, Boyd MA, Cooper DA, Purcell D, Emery Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: Ward J Kaldor Williams S, Waples-Crowe P, Moore E, Hunt S on behalf of the CORAL Study Group first results from the ACCESS network project. J, J, Scrimgeour D, Boyle D, S Couzos, Donovan B, Antiretroviral therapy intensification with Ward J. The use of health services for STIs and Hellard MA. A snapshot of Chlamydia testing raltegravir or hyper-immune bovine colostrum BBVs among NSW Aboriginal people aged and positivity in eight Aboriginal Community in Antiretroviral-treated Patients Exhibiting a 16-30. Controlled Health Services: useful information Suboptimal CD4+ T Cell Response: THE coral for local quality improvement. STUDY. Wilson DP. STI modelling and syphilis modelling. Graham S, Middleton M, Guy R, MacDonald Kupul M, Kelly A, Aeno H, Neo J, Naketrumb R, A, Ward J. Trends in chlamydia and gonorrhoea Fitzgerald L, Kaldor J, Siba P, Vallely A. More Wilson DP. Using mathematical modelling to notifications in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait than a cut: acceptability of male circumcision predict HIV incident cases among Aboriginal Islander population, 2005-2009. for HIV prevention in Papua New Guinea. and Torres Strait Islander people who inject drugs. Gray R, Hoare A, Ghaus MH, Down I, Bradley Kwon A. The impact of needle syringe

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 75 programs on HIV risk behaviours among IDUs of three different combination antiretroviral resonance spectroscopy in HIV+ subjects in Jakarta, Indonesia. regimens as initial therapy for HIV infection. electively commencing ART.

Law MG, Woolley I, Templeton DJ, Roth N, Sasson SC, Zaunders JJ, Seddiki N, Bailey M, Winston A, Duncombe C, Li PCK, Gill MJ, Kerr Chuah J, Mulhall B, Canavan P, McManus H, McBride K, Koelsch KK, Smith D, Cooper SJ, Puls R, Petoumenos K, Taylor-Robinson SD, Cooper DA, Petoumenos K on behalf of the DA and Kelleher AD. Progressive activation Emery S, Cooper DA for the Altair Study Group. Australian HIV Observational Database. Trends of CD127+132- Recent thymic emigrants into Choice of combination antiretroviral therapy in detectable viral load by calendar year in the terminally differentiated CD127-132+ T-cells in (CART) alters changes in cerebra function Australian HIV Observational Database. HIV-1 infection. testing after 48 weeks in treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected subjects commencing CART: A Law MG. When to start – Interpreting cohort Sauk J, Fiya V, Aeno H, Kupul M, Kelly A, Neo J, randomised controlled study. studies – a guide for the non-expert; the Millan J, Fitzgerald L, Kaldor J, Siba P, Vallely A. Australian Antiretroviral Guidelines session. Intravaginal hygiene and menstrual practices: Yan C, Carrera A, Kelleher AD, McNally LP, implications for HIV/STI prevention and future Cunningham PH. Dried Blood Spots Represents Lumbiganon P, Kariminia A, Aurpibul L, microbicide acceptability in Papua New Guinea. A Convenient Alternative Specimen to Plasma Hansudewechakul R, Puthanakit T, Kurniati N, For HIV Drug Resistance Genotyping and Kumarasamy N, Chokephaibulkit K, Yusoff N, Schneider, K. Economic evaluation of Subtyping in Resource-limited Settings. Vonthanak S, Siew Moy F, Razali K, Nallusamy monitoring virologic responses to antiretroviral R, Sohn AH for the TREAT Asia Pediatric HIV therapy in HIV-infected children in a resource- Zablotska I, Holt M, Mao L, Prestage G. Observational Database (TApHOD) (Law M a limited setting: Thailand. Australian gay men never tested for HIV. member of the TApHOD steering committee). Suzuki K, Yamagishi M, Ishida T, Swaminathan , Holt M, Mao L, Survival of HIV-infected children: a cohort study Zablotska I Prestage G. S, Hood C, Cooper DA, Watanebe T, Kelleher Contemporary trends in HIV related behaviours from the Asia-Pacific region. AD. Sequence specific induction of HIV-1 among gay men in three Australian states; Maher L, Hudson S. Sex/drug synergies and transcriptional gene silencing targeting NF-kB NSW, Victoria and Queensland. the street sex work environment. sequences by siRNA without any off-target , Fairley C, Triffitt effects of other NF-kB driven genes. Zablotska I, Prestage G, Jin F McBride K, Xu Y, Bailey M, Seddiki N, Suzuki K, Slavin S, Grulich AE. Antiretroviral therapy K, Murray J, Cooper DA, Kelleher AD, Koelsch Ward J, Bryant J, Worth H, Hull P, Solar S, Bailey (ART) as HIV prevention among gay men:

KK, Zaunders J. Majority of HIV DNA in the S.Use of health services for STIs and BBV building the evidence base. HIV Reservoir located in the non-gut homing infections by young Aboriginal People in NSW. resting memory CD4+ T Cell subset. Zaunders JJ, Seddiki N, Brown K, Cook L, Ward J, Goller J, Bergeri, I, Kong F, Ali H, Phetsouphanh C, Pett S, Cooper DA, Kelleher

McGrath P. Self-based rationales are Franklin N, Sullivan L, Dimech W, Kaldor JM, AD. Identification isolation and expansion of important primary motivators for volunteers in Donovan B, Hellard M, Guy R. Understanding antigen specific CD4 T lymphocytes. HIV research. epidemiology of Chlamydia related to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: Zhou J, Sirisanthana T, Kiertiburanakul S, Chen Petoumenos K, Worm S, Reiss P, De Wit S, first results from the ACCESS network project. YMA, Han N, Lim PL, Kumarasamy N, Choi JY, D’Arminio Monforte A, Sabin C, Friis-Moller N, Merati TP, Yunihastuti E, Law MG on behalf of Weber R, Mercie P, Pradier C, El-Sadr W, Kirk Ward J, Guy R, Akre S, Middleton M, Giele The TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database. O, Lundgren J, Law M on behalf of the D:A:D C, Su JY, Davis C, Knox J, Fagan P, Donovan B, Trend of CD4 cell count in HIV-infected

Study Group. Rates of Cardiovascular Disease Kaldor JM, Russell D .Potential elimination of patients with HIV viral load monitoring while Following Smoking Cessation in Patients with infectious syphilis from Aboriginal and Torres on combination antiretroviral treatment: results HIV Infection: Results from the D:A:D Study. Strait Islander Communities. from the Treat Asia HIV Observational Database Pett S, Carey C, Hoy J, Roth N, Baker D, Ward J, McDonald A, Kaldor JM for the (TAHOD). Vlahakis E, Evans M, Jacoby S, Cooper DA, National Bloodborne Viruses and Sexually Emery S on behalf of the INSIGHT START Transmissible infections Surveillance The Society for Medical Decision Study Group. Considerations in the rationale, Committee. Trends in newly diagnosed HIV Making Conference Toronto, October design and methods of the Strategic Timing of infection in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Schneider, K. Economic evaluation of Antiretroviral Treatment (START) trial. Islander and non-Indigenous populations, monitoring virologic responses to antiretroviral 1992-2009. therapy in HIV-infected children in a resource- Pett S, Wand H, Kedem E, Markowitz N, Goetz limited setting: Thailand. M, Mathiesen L, Cooper DA, Law M, Emery Ward J, Rumbold A, Guy R, Silver B, Taylor S on behalf of the INSIGHT/ESPRIT Study Thompson D, McDermott R, Maher L, Group. Impact of Antiretroviral class on CD4+ Donovan B, Law M, Fairley C, Scov S, Boffa J, 2010 National Drug Trends Conference, T-cell changes and clinical outcomes in ESPRIT Ah Chee D, Hengel B, Knox J, Kaldor J. Strive: Sydney, October (Evaluation of Proleukin® in an International STI in remote communities improving and Topp L, Iversen J, Nathani J, Poeder F, Maher Trial). enhancing primary health care. L (on behalf of the Collaboration of Australian Needle and Syringe Programs). Prevalence and Prestage G. Disclosing HIV status to casual Wilson DP. HIV prevention issues in the region. methods of reuse and cleaning of needles and partners. Winston A, Duncombe C, Li PCK, Gill JM, Kerr syringes: Results from the 2008 ANSPS. Puls R, Sraseubkul P, Petoumenos K, Emery S, SJ, Puls R, Petoumenos K, Taylor-Robinson Cooper D on behalf of the Altair study group.. SD, Emery S, Cooper DA for the Altair Study 10th International Congress on Drug Anthropometric and metabolic outcomes in Group. Two patterns of cerebral metabolite Therapy in HIV Infection Glasgow, a 48 week randomized, open-label study abnormalities are detected on proton magnetic November

76 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Jackson AGA, Hill A, Else LJ, Back DJ, drug related harm. With Men in Sydney, Australia. Morley R, Puls R, Amin J, Lin E, Boffito M. Papanastasiou C, Dietze P, Jenkinson R, Higgs Reddy S, Center R, Tan J, Suzuki K, Gorry P, Pharmacokinetics of plasma lopinavir/ritonavir P. IDU experience of assault: results from the Sterjovski J, Ramsland P, Cooper DA, Kelleher following the administration of 400/100, Melbourne Injecting Drug User Cohort Study AD, Kramski M, Purcell D. Oligomeric Env 200/150, and 200/50 mg twice daily in HIV (MIX). gp140 from HIV-1 Pre-seroconversion Strains negative volunteers. and Brain as a Vaccine Immunogens For Broad Australian Chlamydia Conference Neutralising Antibody 12th International Workshop on Adverse Brisbane, November Drug Reactions and Co-morbidities in Seddiki N, Phetsouphanh C, Xu Y, Lloyd Donovan B. The Australian Collaboration for HIV London, November A, Cameron B, Cooper DA, Zaunders J and Chlamydia Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance Puls R, Brown D, Fahey P, Amin J, Breit S, Carr Kelleher AD. Preferential depletion of Peripheral Project (opening plenary). A for the HIV Lipodystrophy Case Definition Memory CD4+CD73+ T Cells by Human Study Group. inhibitory cytokine 1 Wilson DP. Describing and interpreting the Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection epidemiology of Chlamydia nationally and in (MIC-1) serum levels in the Lipodystrophy Case Seddiki N, Phetsouphanh C, Munier the Queensland and international context. Definition Study ML, Xu Y, Brown K, Cook L, Cooper DA, Zaunders J and Kelleher AD. Gag-specific Treat ASIA symposium on Cancer and HIV European Scientific Conference on CD39+OX40+CD25+ Regulatory and CD39- in the Asia-Pacific Bangkok, November Applied Infectious Disease Epidemiology OX40+CD25+ Effector T Cell Frequencies Are Grulich AG. The evolving global epidemiology Lisbon, November Inversely Correlated in HIV Infected Patients. of cancer and HIV. Bergeri I, Guy R, Boyle D, Kong F, Goller J, Bowring, Franklin N, Sullivan E, Ward J, Kaldor Grulich AG. Anal cancer epidemiology in 14th International Workshop on HIV JM, Dimech W, Donovan B, Hellard M. A immune deficient populations. observational databases Barcelona, March multi-network automated surveillance system Achhra AC, Zhou J, Choi JY, Hoy J, Zhang F, to tackle STIs? Lesson learned after 3 years Templeton DJ, Merati T, Woolley I, Petoumenos Annual Meeting of the Australasian Flow from ACCESS (the Australian Collaboration K, and Amin J for TAHOD and AHOD (Law M PI Cytometry Group Sydney, November for Chlamydia/STIs Enhanced Sentinel for AHOD and member of steering committee Zaunders J, Seddiki N, Brown K, Cook L, Surveillance). for AHOD and TAHOD). Clinical significance of Phetsouphanh C, Pett S, Cooper DA, Kelleher CD4+ counts in Asian and Caucasian HIV-infected AD. Identifying, Isolating And Expanding 8th Dangerous Consumptions population: results from TAHOD and AHOD. Antigen-Specific Effector And T Regulatory Conference, ANU, Canberra, December CD4 Cells. Zhou J, Sirisanthana T, Kiertiburanakul S, Chen Higgs P. Film and photos: Tools for reducing YMA, Han N, Lim PL, Kumarasamy N, Choi JY, drug related harm. 5th Australian Health and Medical Merati TP, Yunihastuti E, Law M on behalf of The TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database. Research Congress Melbourne, November Australian Consortium for Social and , New insights into antiviral CD4+ CD4 Cell Count Slope in Asian HIV-Infected Kelleher AD Political Research (ACSPRI) Social T cell responses: Identifying, isolating and Patients with HIV Viral Load Monitoring While Science Methodology Conference expanding human antigen-specific effector and on First Combination Antiretroviral Treatment. Sydney, December regulatory CD4 T cells. Mooney-Somers J, Olsen A, Scott R, Akee A, Maher L. Questions of pragmatism in The International Liver Congress, 45th 30th Australasian Professional Society Community-based Participatory Research with Annual Meeting of the European on Alcohol and other Drugs (APSAD) an Indigenous community. Association for the Study of the Liver, Conference Canberra, November Vienna, April , Birkett DJ, Mcintyre GJ, Jaramillo Grebely J, Dore GJ, Schim van der Loeff M, Applegate T 4th National Scientific Conference on AB, Symonds G, . In silico modeling Cox AL, Bruneau J, Kim AY, Lloyd AR, Hellard Murray JM HIV/AIDS Hanoi, December indicates the development of HIV-1 resistance M, Page K, Prins M. (on behalf of the InC3 Kaldor JM. Biomedical strategies for preventing Collaborative Group). Factors associated with to multiple shRNA gene therapy differs to HIV infection: recent developments and future spontaneous clearance during acute hepatitis c standard antiretroviral therapy. challenges. virus infection. Dore GJ, Grebely J, Gillman A, Thein R, Day, Ryan L, Treloar, Haber P. Overview of Hellard M, Sacks-Davis R, Higgs P, Bharadwaj treatment of hepatitis C (HCV) in the opiate M, Bowden DS, Drummer H, Aitken C. Elispot pharmacotherapy setting and the Enhancing testing shows very few injecting drug users Treatment of Hepatitis C in the Opiate Conference posters avoid hepatitis C virus exposure. Substitution Setting (ETHOS) Partnership Initiative. 17th Conference on Retroviruses and 21st International Harm Reduction Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2010) San Association Conference, Liverpool UK, Everingham H, Hazelwood S, Tierney R, Francisco, February April Grebely J, Gillman A, Crawford, Bath N, Dunlop Botes L, Cooper D, Marriott D, Pett S, Carr A, White B, Dore G, Maher L. (on behalf of the A. Peer-based support for HCV assessment at Carbone S, Kumaradeva N, Hillman R. High UNSW HCV Vaccine Initiative). Low hepatitis Hunter Pharmacotherapy. Levels of Severe Dysplasia Detected in Anal B virus vaccine coverage in young people who Higgs P, Winter R. Film as a tool of reducing Biopsies from HIV-Infected Men Who Have Sex inject drugs in Sydney.

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 77 Advances in Public Health and Health White B, Bates A, Donald A, Enriquez J, McBride K, Xu Y, Bailey M, Seddiki N, Suzuki Services Research: 2nd Annual Liao L, Pham S, Maher L. (on behalf of the K, Murray J, Cooper DA, Kelleher AD, Koelsch Symposium UNSW, May UNSW HCV vaccine Initiative). Acceptability KK, Zaunders J. Majority of HIV DNA in the HIV Poynten IM, Jin FY, Prestage G, Mao L, Kippax and willingness to participate in vaccine trials reservoir located in the non-gut homing resting S, Kaldor J, Grulich AE. Non-Occupational Post among young people who inject drugs in memory CD4+ T Cell subset. Exposure Prophylaxis Against HIV (NPEP) and Sydney, Australia. Yan C, Carrera A, Kelleher AD, McNally LP, Subsequent HIV Infection in Homosexual Men: Zablotska I. Sexual practices of gay men in Cunningham PH. Dried Blood Spots Represents Final Data from the HIM Cohort. their home communities and while travelling: A Convenient Alternative Specimen to Plasma Gay Community Periodic Surveys in NSW, For HIV Drug Resistance Genotyping and AIDS 2010 Pre-conference workshop Australia, 2009. Subtyping in Resource-limited Settings. Vienna, July Hood CL, Lim HGW, Suzuki K, Cooper DA Zablotska IB, Prestage G, Middleton M, Ip S, Leeman C, Huynh I, Hickey R, Xu Y, Bailey and Kelleher AD. Promoter-targeted siRNA Wilson D, Grulich AE. HIV notification trends M, Hsu D, Zaunders J, Kelleher AD. Assessing colocalizes with Argonaute 1 and 2 during in Australia mirror trends in unprotected anal the performance of a possible new diagnostic RNA-induced transcriptional gene silencing of intercourse among gay men. test for latent tuberculosis. simian immunodeficiency virus infection Bailey M, Marks K, Xu Y, Zaunders J, Seddiki 26th International Papillomavirus N, Danta M, Boesecke C, Gelgor L, Cooper DA, XVIII International AIDS Conference Conference Montreal, July Emmery S, Kelleher AD and PINT Study Group. Vienna, July Couture MC, Sansothy N, Stein ES, Sichan K, Isolation of CD4+T cells from the Gut Associated Brockman MA, Miura T, Sela J, Brumme Palefsky J, Page K. on behalf of the Young Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) of patients with CJ, Markle T, Rosato P, Streeck H, BL, Women’s Health Study Collaborative (Kaldor Primary HIV Infection (PHI) and Chronic HIV Kadie CM, Jessen H, Rychert J, Rosenberg E, J, Phal Kien S, Maher L, Nemoto T, Page K, infection (CHI) using a high speed cell sorter. Heckerman D, Markowitz M, Kelleher AD, Palefsky J, Sapphon V, Chhi Vun M). Human Hood C, Lim HGW, Suzuki K, Cooper DA Altfeld M, Harrigan PR, Walker BD, Allen papillomavirus infection among young and Kelleher AD. Promoter-targeted siRNA TM, Brumme ZL. Recombinant HIV viruses women engaged in sex work in Phnom Penh, colocalizes with Argonaute 1 and 2 during encoding gag/protease from individuals Cambodia. RNA-induced transcriptional gene silencing of expressing protective HLA class I alleles exhibit simian immunodeficiency virus infection. reduced replication capacity in acute/early but 2010 Interscience Conference on not chronic infection. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Phetsouphanh C, Seddiki N, Xu Y, Zaunders JJ, Procopio F, Sekaly R, Kelleher AD. Re- Keo S, Tony M, Kien SP, Cockroft M, Page K, (ICAAC) Boston, September Lim PL, Zhou J, Ditangco R, Sungkanuparph characterizing Antigen Specific CD4+ T cells Stein E, Maher L, Couture MC. The Cambodian S, on behalf of the TREAT Asia HIV using the Ox40/CD25 assay and Single-cell Anti-Trafficking Law: Implications for Law M Observational Database. Lack of Prophylaxis RT-PCR. Community-Based Sex Worker HIV Prevention, against Pneumocystis Pneumonia and Care and Research. Murray D, Swaminathan S, Kelleher AD. Mortality: Results from the TREAT Asia HIV A systems biology approach to mapping Lee MP, Zhou J, Messerschmidt L, Honda M, Observational Database (TAHOD). microRNA changes in monocytes during HIV-1 Ditangco R, Li PCK on behalf of the TREAT Asia infection. HIV Observational Database. Impact of sex on 7th Australasian Viral Hepatitis long-term treatment outcomes of highly active Conference Melbourne, September antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the TREAT 19th Australasian Epidemiological Higgs P, Aitken C, Hellard M, Maher L. More Asia HIV Observational Database. Association Annual Scientific Meeting than a little luck: Long term injectors who avoid Sydney, September HCV in Melbourne. Oyomopito R, Phanuphak P, Sungkanuparph Poynten IM, Jin F, Prestage GP, Kaldor JM, S, Kumarasamy N, Sirisanthana T, Li PCK, Newland J, Harris M, Deacon R, Treloar C, Kippax S, Grulich AE. Defining high HIV Kantipong P, Lee CKC, Kamarulzaman A, Maher L. Social network influences on incidence subgroups of Australian homosexual Singtoroj T, Chen YMA on behalf of the TREAT hepatitis C risk. men: implications for conducting HIV Asia Studies to Evaluate Resistance (TASER). prevention trials in low HIV prevalence settings. The TREAT Asia Studies to Evaluate Resistance Olsen A, Maher L. Liver Spots: A study of Monitoring Study (TASER-M) - HIV Drug hepatitis C knowledge, treatment and health Australasian Sexual Health Conference Resistance in the Asia-Pacific. care among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Sydney, October Prestage G, Down I. Reasoning risk-reduction. Polis S, Zekry A, Maher L. Factors associated Bergeri I, Guy RJ, Goller J, Kong F, Franklin with non adherence to hepatitis B viral N, Sullivan L, Ward J, Dimech W, Kaldor JM, Sutherland R, Lake R, Prestage G. The medications. Donovan B, Hellard M. A multi-networks development of an HIV risk reduction sentinel surveillance system to tackle STIs: framework for gay and other men who have White B, Enriquez J, Maher L. [on behalf of the Australian Collaboration for Chlamydia sex with men (MSM) in New South Wales, the UNSW HCV vaccine Initiative]. Acceptability Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance. Australia. and Willingness to Participate in Future Hepatitis C Vaccine Trials among Young People Drummond F. Is azithromycin effective for Thein R. Current and projected cases of who Inject Drugs in Sydney. asymptomatic rectal chlamydia in men? An hepatitis C co-infected with HIV among audit. Australian injecting drug users: The impact of St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney symposium needle and syringe programs. Sydney, September Fairley CK, Hocking J, Gurrin L, Chen My,

78 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Donovan B, Bradshaw CS. Continued rapid Sydney, October Frequency of site-reported viral load monitoring decline in warts after national quadrivalent Achhra AC, Zhou J, Choi JY, Hoy J, Zhang F, predicts HIV disease progression following highly HPV vaccine program. Templeton DJ, Merati T, Woolley I, Petoumenos active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). K, Amin J for TAHOD and AHOD. The clinical Healey LM, Templeton DJ. HIV results: practice Oyomopito R, Phanuphak P, Sungkanuparph significance of CD4+ t-cell counts in Asian and at public sexual health clinics. S, Kumarasamy N, Chen YMA on behalf of the Caucasian HIV-infected populations: results TREAT Asia Studies to Evaluate Resistance Jin F, Templeton DJ, Prestage G, Zablotska I, from TAHOD and AHOD (oral) (TASER) (Law M a member of TASER Kippax S, Donovan B, Taylor J, Cunningham Aeno H, Fitzgerald L, Fiya V, Kelly A, Sauk J, steering committee). The TREAT Asia Studies A, Mindel A, Kaldor J, Grulich AE. Prevalent Kupul M, Neo J, Millan J, Nair S, Kaldor J, Siba to Evaluate Resistance Monitoring Study and incident herpes simplex virus infections in P, Vallely A. Vaginal microbicide acceptability (TASER-M) – Cohort Profile. homosexual men: data from two community- in Papua New Guinea: results of a qualitative based cohort studies. Prestage G, Down I, Bradley J, Hurley M, study among women and men attending a Brown G. Reasoning risk-reduction. McKechnie ML, Down I, Zablotska I. The use sexual health clinic in Port Moresby. of respondent- driven sampling (RDS) among Vallely A, Kaima P, Neo J, Kombati Z, Toliman Aeno H, Kelly A, Kupul M, Naketrumb R, Neo J, gay men in Sydney: Lessons from pilot study. P, Ryan C, Law G, Kelly A, Millan J, Mek T, Fitzgerald L, Hill P, Siba P, . Kaldor J, Vallely A Lawi R, Kipan B, Tingetaut T, Aeno H, Fiya V, Templeton DJ, Jin F, Poynten IM, Prestage Mapping penile cutting and insert practices in Kupul M, Forsyth S, Page A, Kaldor J, Siba P. . Prevalence, Papua New Guinea. GP, Zablotska I, Grulich AE A longitudinal clinical pilot study among men incidence and predictors of sexual assault in Chow E. The coming era of HIV/AIDS in China: and women attending a sexual health clinic in the community-based HIM cohort of Sydney rapid transmission of HIV among men who Mt Hagen, Papua New Guinea (oral). homosexual men. have sex with men. Wu JF. Seasonal differences in vitamin D levels Templeton DJ, Twin J, Jin F, Grulich AE, Garland Down I, Bradley J, Prestage G. Current risk in an HIV positive cohort. SM, Tabrizi SN. Chlamydia trachomatis factors for HIV seroconversion among gay men. serovars in community-based HIV-positive and 12th International Workshop on Adverse HIV–negative men who have sex with men in Gray R. Forecasting the Population-level Drug Reactions and Co-Morbidities in Sydney. Impact of Reductions in HIV Antiretroviral Therapy in Papua New Guinea. HIV London, November Walker S, Walker J, Fairley CK, Chen MY, Puls R, Brown D, Fahey P, Amin J, Breit S, Carr Bradshaw CS, Urban E, Pirotta M, Gurrin L, Gray R. What interventions are likely to reduce A for the HIV Lipodystrophy Case Definition Harindra V, Tabrizi SN, Donovan B, Kaldor JM, rates of HIV in gay men? Study Group. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 McNamee K, Currie M, Birden H, Bowden F, (MIC-1) serum levels in the Lipodystrophy Case Hill P, Tynan A, Law G, Milan J, Browne K, Sauk Garland S, Gunn J, Hocking J. Young Australian Definition Study. J, Kelly A, Kupul M, Aeno H, Siba P, Kaldor women’s experiences of chlamydia screening: a J, Vallely A. A typology of penile cutting in comparison between women who test negative Papua New Guinea: results of a Modified Annual Meeting of the Australasian Flow and women who test positive. Delphi study among sexual health clinicians. Cytometry Group Sydney, November Bailey M, Zaunders J, Xu Y, Seddiki N, Gelgor Wang Y, Manokaran N, Higgins AN, Templeton Jiamsakul A, Sungkanuparph S, Phanuphak L, Cooper DA, Kelleher AD and PINT Study DJ. Self-collected anal swabs in men who have P, Sirisanthana T, Li PCK, Lee CKC, Kantipong Group. Characterization of activated CD38+ sex with men: what would be missed? P, Ditangco R, Kamarulzaman A, Mustafa M, CD45+ Memory CD4 and CD8 T-Cells during Ward J, Rumbold A, Guy RJ, Silver B, Taylor Merati T, Singtoroj T, Messerschmidt L, Zhou HIV infection using multiparameter flow Thompson D, Donovan B, Law M, McDermott J, Law M. TASER-M : a review of the cohort cytometry. R, Maher L, Fairley CK, Skov S, Boffa J, Ah Chee and genotype sequence file transfers – a data McBride K, Xu Y, Bailey M, Seddiki N, Suzuki D, Hengel B, Knox J, Kaldor JM. STRIVE: STI in management perspective. K, Murray J, Cooper DA, Kelleher AD, Koelsch remote communities improving and enhancing McKechnie M, Down I, Zablotska I. CONNECT: KK, Zaunders J. Majority Of HIV DNA In The primary health care. The study of contemporary norms in networks HIV Reservoir Is Located In The Non-Gut Ward J. The first ever national survey of young and communities. Homing Resting Memory CD4+ T Cell Subset. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander sexual McManus H, Li PCK, Nolan D, Bloch M, health: knowledge, risk practice and health Kiertiburanakul S, Choi JY, Mulhall B, Australasian Professional Society on service access. Petoumenos K, Zhou J, Law M, Brew B, Wright Alcohol and Drugs Conference Canberra, Waters EK, Smith AMA, Philp DJ, Regan DG. E. Does use of antiretroviral therapy regimens November Proposed surveillance of genital warts among with high central nervous system penetration Kimber J, Copeland L, Hickman M, Macleod J, men who have sex with men. improve survival in HIV-infected adults? McKenzie J, De Angelis D, Robertson JR. Health related quality of life in a primary care based Murray J. Ageing and current antiretroviral Zablotska I. Pleasure and sexual health: sample of injection drug users and non drug- levels are insufficient to reduce the number familiarity with casual partners, knowledge of injecting controls. HIV status and condom use. of people living with HIV in Australia for the foreseeable future (oral)

Australasian HIV/AIDS Conference Oyomopito R, Lee M, Phanuphak P, Lim P, 2010 (22nd Annual Conference of the Ditangco R, Zhou J and Li PCK on behalf of Australasian Society for HIV Medicine) The TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database.

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 79 Publications A B Achhra AC, Amin J, Law MG, Emery S, Gerstoft J, Gordin FM, Vjecha MJ, Baker JV, Neuhaus J, Duprez D, Kuller LH, Tracy R, Belloso WH, De Neaton JD, Cooper DA for INSIGHT ESPRIT & SILCAAT study groups. Wit S, Drummond F, Lane HC, Ledergerber B, Lundgren J, Nixon DE, Immunodeficiency and the risk of serious clinical endpoints in a well- Paton NI, Neaton JD for the INSIGHT SMART study group. Changes in studied cohort of treated HIV-infected patients. AIDS 2010;24:1877-1886. inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers: a randomized comparison of immediate versus deferred antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV Achhra AC, Zhou J, Dabis F, Pujari S, Thiebaut R, Law MG, Bonnet infection. J Acquir Immun Defic Synd 2010; Epub ahead of print. F. Difference in absolute CD4+ count according to CD4 percentage between Asian and Caucasian HIV-infected patients. J AIDS Clinic Res Boyd MA. Current and future management of treatment failure in low- 2010;1(1):1000101. doi:10.4172/2155-6113.1000101. and middle-income countries. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2010;5:83-89.

Amin J, De Lazzari E, Emery S, Martin A, Martinez E, Carr A, Gatell J, Boyd MA, Hill AM. Clinical management of treatment-experienced, Cooper DA. Simplification with fixed-dose tenofovir-emtricitabine or HIV/AIDS patients in the combination antiretroviral therapy era. abacavir-lamivudine in treatment experienced, virologically suppressed Pharmacoeconomics 2010;28 Suppl 1:17-34. adults with HIV infection: combined analysis of two randomised, non- Boyd MA, Nwizu CA. Operational research in HIV priority areas: the inferiority trials Bicombo and Steal. J AIDS Clinic Res 2010; 1(1):1000103. African way. Lancet 2010;376:4-5 (comment). doi:10.4172/2155-6113.1000103. Brockman MA, Brumme ZL, Brumme CJ, Miura T, Sela J, Rosato PC, Amin J, Martin A, Bloch M, Carr A. Efficacy of tenofovir-emtricitabine Kadie CM, Carlson JM, Markle TJ, Streeck H, Kelleher AD, Markowitz M, versus abacavir-lamivudine; Reply to Landman and Soonawala. Clin Jessen H, Rosenberg E, Altfeld M, Harrigan PR, Heckerman D, Walker BD, Infect Dis 2010;50:1200-1201 (letter). Allen TM. Early selection in Gag by protective HLA alleles contributes to Ananworanich J, Apornpong T, Kosalaraksa P, Jaimulwong T, reduced HIV-1 replication capacity that may be largely compensated for Hansudewechakul R, Pancharoen C, Bunupuradah T, Chandara in chronic infection. J Virol 2010;84:11937-11949. M, Puthanakit T, Ngampiyasakul C, Wongsawat J, Kanjanavanit S, Bryant J, Topp L, Hopwood M, Iversen J, Treloar C, Maher L. Is point of Luesomboon W, Klangsinsirikul P, Ngo-Giang-Huong N, Kerr SJ, access to needles and syringes related to needle sharing? Comparing Ubolyam S, Mengthaisong T, Gelman RS, Pattanapanyasat K, Saphonn data collected from pharmacies and needle and syringe programs in V, Ruxrungtham K, Shearer WT, on behalf of the PREDICT Study south east Sydney. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010;29:364-370. Group. Characteristics of lymphocyte subsets in HIV-infected, long-term nonprogressor, and healthy Asian children through 12 years of age. J Bunupuradah T, Suntarattiwong P, Li A, Sirivichayakul S, Pancharoen C, Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;126:1294-1301. Boonrak P, Puthanakit T, Kerr SJ, Ruxrungtham K, Chotpitayasunondh T, Hirschel B, Ananworanich J on behalf of the HIV-NAT 013 study team. Applegate TL, Birkett DJ, McIntyre GJ, Jaramillo AB, Symonds G, Murray Antiretroviral treatment outcome following genotyping in Thai children JM. In silico modeling indicates the development of HIV-1 resistance who failed dual nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Int J Infect Dis to multiple shRNA gene therapy differs to antiretroviral therapy. 2010;e311-e316. Retrovirology 2010;7:83.

Arnott A, Jardine D, Wilson K, Gorry PR, Merlin K, Grey P, Law MG, Dax EM, Kelleher AD, Smith DE, McPhee DA and the Pulse Study Team C (Smith D, Petoumenos K, Grey P, Munro R, Law M, Kaldor J, Cooper Calmy A, Bloch M, Wand H, Delhumeau C, Finlayson R, Rafferty D, Pett S members). High viral fitness during acute HIV-1 infection. PloS M, Norris R, Hirschel B, Cooper DA, Carr A for the URISTAT study ONE 2010;5(9): e12631. group. No significant effect of uridine or pravastatin treatment for HIV Asmuth DM, Goodrich J, Cooper DA, Haubrich R, Rajicic N, Hirschel lipoatrophy in men who have ceased thymidine analogue nucleoside B, Mayer H, Valdez H. CD4+ T-cell restoration after 48 weeks in the reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy: a randomized trial. HIV Med maraviroc treatment-experienced trials MOTIVATE 1 and 2. J Acquir 2010;11:493-501. Immune Defic Syndr 2010;54:394-397. Campillo-Gimenez L, Cumont MC, Fay M, Kared H, Monceaux V, Diop Audsley J, Littlejohn M, Yuen L, Sasadeusz J, Ayres A, Desmond C, O, Müller-Trutwin M, Hurtrel B, Lévy Y, Zaunders J, Dy M, Leite-de- Spelman T, Lau G, Matthews GV, Avihingsanon A, Seaberg E, Philp Moraes MC, Elbim C, Estaquier J. AIDS progression is associated with F, Saulynas M, Ruxrungtham K, Dore GJ, Locarnini SA, Thio CL, Lewin the emergence of IL-17 producing NKT cells early after SIV infection. J SR, Revill PA. HBV mutations in untreated HIV-HBV co-infection using Immunol 2010;184:984-92. genomic length sequencing. Virology 2010; 405:539–547. Campillo-Gimenez L, Laforge M, Fay M, Brussel A, Cumont MC, Avihingsanon A, Lewin SR, Kerr S, Chang JJ, Piyawat K, Napissanant N, Monceaux V, Diop O, Lévy Y, Hurtrel B, Zaunders J, Corbeil J, Elbim C, Matthews GV, Dore GJ, Bowden S, Lange J, Ruxrungtham K. Efficacy of Estaquier J. Nonpathogenesis of simian immunodeficiency virus infection tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine compared with emtricitabine is associated with reduced inflammation and recruitment of plasmacytoid alone in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-HBV coninfection in Thailand. Antivir dendritic cells to lymph nodes, not to lack of an interferon type I Ther 2010;15:917-922. response, during the acute phase. J Virol 2010;84:1838-1846.

80 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Carey D, Amin J, Boyd M, Petoumenos K, Emery S. Lipid profiles in HIV- Cooper D participating physician). Factors associated with specific causes infected adults receiving atazanavir and atazanavir/ritonavir: systematic of death amongst HIV-positive individuals in the D:A:D study. AIDS review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Antimicrob 2010;24:1537-1548. Chemother 2010;65:1878-88. The Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) Study Chen MY, Donovan B, Harcourt C, Morton A, Moss L, Wallis S, Cook Group. Writing Committee: Weber R, Sabin C, Reiss P, de Wit S, Worm K, Batras D, Groves J, Tabrizi SN, Garland S, Fairley CK. Estimating the SW, Law M, Dabis F, D’Arminio Monforte A, Fontas E, El-Sadr W, Kirk number of unlicensed brothels operating in Melbourne. Aust NZ J Public O, Rickenbach M, Phillips, Ledergerber B, Lundgren J (Law M member Health 2010;34:67-71. of D:A:D Steering Committee; Petoumenos K D:A:D data manager; Law M, Petoumenos K, Marashi Pour S Central Coordinators of AHOD, a Cheng WSC, Roberts SK, McCaughan G, Sievert W, Weltman M, Crawford participating cohort; Cooper D participating physician). HBV or HCV D, Rawlinson W, Marks PS, Thommes J, Rizkalla B, Yoshihara M, Dore coinfections and risk of myocardial infarction in HIV-infected individuals: GJ, on behalf of the CHARIOT Study Group. Low virological response and The D:A:D Cohort Study. Antivir Ther 2010;15:1077-1086. high relapse rates in hepatitis C genotype 1 patients with advanced fibrosis despite adequate therapeutic dosing. J Hepatol 2010;53:616–623. Day CA, White B, Dore GJ, van Beek I, Rodgers C, Cunningham P, Wodak A, Maher L. Hepatitis B virus among injecting drug users in Sydney, Chow EPF, Wilson DP, Zhang L. The next era of HIV in China: rapidly Australia: Prevalence, vaccination and knowledge of status. Drug Alcohol spreading epidemics among men who have sex with men. J Acquir Depend 2010;108:134–137. Immune Defic Syndr 2010;55:e32-e33. Degenhardt L, Bruno R, Topp L. Is ecstasy a drug of dependence? Drug Cooper DA, Heera J, Goodrich J, Tawadrous M, Saag M, DeJesus E, Alcohol Depend 2010:107:1-10. Clumeck N, Walmsley S, Ting N, Coakley E, Reeves JD, Reyes-Teran G, Westby M, Van Der Ryst E, Ive P, Mohapi L, Mingrone H, Horban de Wit JB, Prestage GP, Duffin IR. Gay men: current challenges and A, Hackman F, Sullivan J, Mayer H. Maraviroc versus efavirenz, both emerging approaches in HIV prevention. N S W Public Health Bull in combination with zidovudine-lamivudine, for the treatment of 2010;21:65-68. antiretroviral-naive subjects with CCR5-tropic HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis Dolan K, Teutsch S, Scheuer N, Levy M, Rawlinson W, Kaldor J, Lloyd 2010;15:201:803-813. A, Haber P. Incidence and risk for acute hepatitis C infection during Cooper DA, Wodak AD, Morris BJ. The case for boosting infant male imprisonment in Australia. Eur J Epidemiol 2010;25:143-148. circumcision in the face of rising heterosexual transmission of HIV. Med J Donovan B, Harcourt C, Egger S, Fairley CK. Improving the health of Aust 2010;193:318-319 (editorial). sex workers in NSW: maintaining success. N S W Public Health Bull Cordery D, Cooper DA. Clinical research in NSW: its role in HIV care and 2010;21:74-77. prevention. N S W Public Health Bull 2010;21:93-95. Dore GJ, Hellard M, Matthews GV, Grebely J, Haber PS, Petoumenos Corderoy DV, Hesse K, Amin J, Cooper DA. Raltegravir and unboosted K, Yeung B, Marks P, van Beek I, McCaughan G, White P, French R, atazanavir dual therapy in virologically suppressed antiretroviral Rawlinson W, Lloyd AR, Kaldor JM for the Australian Trial In Acute treatment-experienced HIV patients. Antivir Ther 2010;15;1035-1038. Hepatitis C Study Group. Effective treatment of injecting drug users with recently acquired hepatitis C virus infection. Gastroenterology Couldwell DL, Gidding HF, Freedman EV, McKechnie ML, Biggs, K, 2010;138:123-135. Sintchenko V, Gilbert GL. Ureaplasma urealyticum is significantly associated with non-gonococcal urethritis in heterosexual Sydney men. Dore GJ, Soriano V, Rockstroh J, Kupfer B, Tedaldi E, Peters L, Neuhaus Int J STD AIDS 2010;21:337–341. J, Puoti M, Klein MB, Mocroft A, Clotet B, Lundgren JD for the SMART INSIGHT study group. Frequent hepatitis B virus among HIV– Crane M, Sirivichayakul S, Chang JJ, Avihingsanon A, Ubolyam S, hepatitis B virus-coinfected patients following antiretroviral therapy Buranapraditkun S, Thantiworasit P, Wightman F, Locarnini S, Matthews interruption. AIDS 2010;24:857-865. G, Dore GJ, Ruxrungtham K, Lewin SR. No increase in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific CD8+ T cells in patients with HIV-1-HBV coinfections Drummond F, Guy R, Kaldor JM, Donovan B. The intersection between following HBV-active highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Virol HIV and syphilis in men who have sex with men: some fresh perspectives. 2010;84:2657-2665. HIV Therapy 2010;4:661-673.

Cysique LA, Murray JM, Dunbar M, Jeyakumar V, Brew BJ. A screening Dunbar M, Murray JM, Cysique LA, Brew BJ, Jeyakumar V. Simultaneous algorithm for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. HIV Med classification and feature selection via convex quadratic programming 2010;11:642-649. with application to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder assessment. Eur J Oper Res 2010;206:470-478.

Duncombe C, Kerr SJ, Liddy J, Avihingsanon A, Ruxrungtham K, D Phanuphak P. Efficacy and tolerability of zidovudine 200 mg BID as part DART Trial Team (Byakwaga H member of the DART Trial Team). Routine of combination antiretroviral therapy for 96 weeks. J Acquir Immune versus clinically driven laboratory monitoring of HIV antiretroviral Defic Syndr 2010;54:e19-e20. therapy in Africa (DART): a randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2010;375:123-131.

The Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) Study E Group (Law M member of Writing Committee; Law M member of Eron JE, Young B, Cooper DA, Youle M, DeJesus E, Andrade-Villanueva D:A:D Steering Committee; Petoumenos K D:A:D data manager; Law M, J, Workman C, Zajdenverg R, Faetkenheuer G, Berger DA, Kumar PN, Petoumenos K, Central Coordinators of AHOD, a participating cohort; Rodgers AJ, Shaughnessy MA, Walker ML, Barnard RJO, Miller MD,

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 81 DiNubile MJ, Nguyen B-Y, Leavitt R, Xu X, Sklar P for the SWITCHMRK Gray R, Wilson D. Acyclovir and transmission of HIV-1 from persons 1 and 2 Investigators. Switch to a raltegravir-based regimen versus infected with HIV-1 and HSV-2. N Eng J Med 2010;362:1740 (letter). continuation of a lopinavir/ritonavir-based regimen in stable HIV- Grebely J, Knight E, Genoway KA, Viljoen M, Khara M, Elliott D, Gallagher infected patients with suppressed viraemia (SWITCHMRK 1 and 2): L, Storms M, Raffa JD, DeVlaming S, Duncan F, Conway B. Optimizing two multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trials. Lancet assessment and treatment for hepatitis C virus infection in illicit drug 2010;375:396-407. users: a novel model incorporating multidisciplinary care and peer support. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;22:270-277. F Grebely J, Knight E, Ngai T, Genoway KA, Raffa JD, Storms M, Gallagher L, Krajden M, Dore GJ, Duncan F, Conway B. Reinfection with hepatitis Fairley CK, Donovan B. What can surveillance of genital warts tell us? C virus following sustained virological response in injection drug users. J Sex Health 2010; 7:325-327 (editorial review). Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;25:1281-1284. Falster K, Wand H, Donovan B, Anderson J, Nolan D, Watson J, Law MG Grebely J, Matthews GV, Petoumenos K, Dore GJ. Spontaneous on behalf of the Australian HIV Observational Database (Cooper DA, clearance and the beneficial impact of treatment on clearance during Petoumenos K, Pour SM, Bendall C, Templeton D members of AHOD; recent hepatitis C virus infection. J Viral Hepat 2010;17:896 (letter). Templeton D Cause of Death reviewer for AHOD). Hospitalizations in a cohort of HIV patients in Australia, 1999-2007. AIDS 2010;24:1329-1339. Grebely J, Petoumenos K, Hellard M, Matthews GV, Suppiah V, Applegate T, Yeung B, Marks P, Rawlinson W, Lloyd AR, Booth D, Farr AC, Wilson DP. An HIV epidemic is ready to emerge in the Kaldor JM, George J, Dore GJ for the ATAHC Study Group. Potential role Philippines. J Int AIDS Soc 2010;13:16. for Interleukin-28B genotype in treatment decision-making in recent Feigin A, Higgs P, Hellard M, Dietze P. Further research required to hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology 2010;52:1216-1224. determine link between khat consumption and driver impairment. Bull Grebely J, Petoumenos K, Matthews GV, Haber P, Marks P, Lloyd AR, World Health Organ 2010;88:480. Kaldor JM, Dore GJ, Hellard M for the ATAHC Study Group. Factors Franklin N, O’Connor CC, Shaw M, Guy R, Grulich A, Fairley CK, Chen MY, associated with uptake of treatment for recent hepatitis C virus infection Hellard M, Dickson B, Marshall L, Donovan B on behalf of the ACCESS in a predominantly injecting drug user cohort: The ATAHC Study. Drug Collaboration. Chlamydia at an inner metropolitan sexual health service Alcohol Depend 2010;107:244-249. in Sydney, NSW: Australian Collaboration for Chlamydia Enhanced Grulich AE, Jin F, Conway EL, Stein AN, Hocking J. Cancers attributable to Sentinel Surveillance (ACCESS) Project. Sex Health 2010;7: 478-483. human papillomavirus infection. Sex Health 2010;7:244–52. French MA, Tanaskovic S, Law MG, Lim A, Fernandez S, Ward LD, Grulich AE, Vajdic CM, Falster MO, Kane E, Smedby KE, Bracci PM, de Kelleher AD, Emery S. Vaccine-induced IgG2 anti-HIV p24 is associated Sanjose S, Becker N, Turner J, Martinez-Maza O, Melbye M, Engels EA, with control of HIV in patients with a ‘high-affinity’ FcγRIIa genotype. Vineis P, Costantini AS, Holly EA, Spinelli JJ, La Vecchia C, Zheng T, Chiu AIDS 2010;24:1983-1990. BCH, Franceschi S, Cocco P, Maynadie M, Foretova L, Staines A, Brennan Friss-Moller N, Thiebault R, Reiss P, Weber R, D’Arminio Monforte S, P, Davis S, Severson RK, Cerhan JR, Breen EC, Birmann B, Cozen W. Birth De Wit S, El-Sadr W, Fontas E, Worm S, Kirk O, Phillips A, Sabin CA, order and risk of non-hodgkin lymphoma – true association or bias? Am J Lundgren JD, Law M on behalf of the D:A:D Study Group (Law M Epidemiol 2010;172:621-630. member of Writing Committee; Law M member of D:A:D Steering Grulich A, O’Donnell D, de Wit JB. Surveillance, epidemiology and Committee; Petoumenos K D:A:D data manager; Law M, Petoumenos behavioural research to guide HIV prevention policy. N S W Public K, Central Coordinators of AHOD, a participating cohort; Cooper D Health Bull 2010;21:96. participating physician). Predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients. The Data collection on Adverse Effects of Anti-HIV Grulich AE, Wilson DP. Is antiretroviral therapy modifying the HIV Drugs Study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2010;17:491-501. epidemic? Lancet 2010;376:1824 (letter).

Grulich AE, Zablotska I. Commentary: Probability of HIV transmission G through anal intercourse. Int J Epidemiol 2010;39:1064-1065. Guy RJ, Goller JL, Spelman T. Does the frequency of HIV and STI testing Gao Z, Gidding HF, Wood JG, MacIntyre CR. Modelling the impact of among men who have sex with men in primary care adhere with one-dose vs. two-dose vaccination regimens on the epidemiology of Australian guidelines? Sex Transm Infect 2010;86:371-376. varicella zoster virus in Australia. Epidemiol Infect 2010;138:457-468. Guy RJ, Kong F, Goller J, Franklin N, Bergeri I, Dimech W, Reilly N, Sullivan Gidding HF, Amin J, Dore GJ, Ward K, Law MG. Hospital-related E, Ward J, Kaldor JM, Hellard M, Donovan B. New national Chlamydia morbidity in people notified with hepatitis C: A population-based record sentinel surveillance system in Australia: Evaluation of the first stage of linkage study in New South Wales, Australia. J Hepatol 2010;53:43–49. implementation. Comm Dis Intell 2010;34: 319-328. Goller JL, Guy RJ, Gold J, Lim MSC, El-Hayek C, Stoove MA, Bergeri I, Fairley CK, Leslie DE, Clift P, White B, Hellard ME. Establishing a linked sentinel surveillance system for blood-borne viruses and sexually H transmissible infections: methods, system attributes and early findings. Hansudewechakul R, Sirisanthana V, Kurniati N, Puthanakit T, Sex Health 2010;7:425-433. Lumbiganon P, Saphonn V, Khairulddin N, Yusoff N, Kumarasamy N, Gray RT, Hoare A, Prestage GP, Donovan B, Kaldor JM, Wilson DP. Fong SM, Nallusamy R, Srasuebkul P, Law M, Sohn AH, Chokephailbulkit Frequent testing of highly sexually active gay men is required to control K for the TREAT Asia Pediatric HIV Observational Database (Cooper syphilis. Sex Transm Dis 2010;37:298-305. DA, Law MG, Kariminia A members of the TREAT Asia Pediatric HIV

82 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Network). Antiretroviral therapy outcomes of HIV-infected children in the sexually transmitted infections and risk of HIV infection in homosexual TREAT Asia Pediatric HIV Observational Database. J Acquir Immune Defic men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010;53:144-149. Syndr 2010;55:503-509. Jin F, Prestage GP, Matthews G, Zablotska I, Rawstorne P, Kippax SC, Harcourt C, O’Connor J, Egger S, Fairley CK, Wand H, Chen MY, Marshall Kaldor JM, Grulich AE. Prevalence, incidence and risk factors for hepatitis L, Kaldor JM, Donovan B. The decriminalisation of prostitution is C in homosexual men: data from two cohorts of HIV-negative and HIV- associated with better coverage of health promotion programs for sex positive men in Sydney, Australia. Sex Transm Infect 2010;86:25-28. workers. Aust NZ J Public Health 2010;34:482-486.

Healey LM, O’Connor CC, Templeton DJ. HIV result giving. Is it time to change our thinking? Sex Health 2010;7:8-10. K Kaldor JM, Wilson DP. How low can you go: The impact of a Hemachandra A, L, , Sirivichayakul S, Thantiworasit Puls R Kerr S modestly effective HIV vaccine compared with male circumcision. AIDS P, Ubolyam S, , , Phanuphak P, , Cooper DA Emery S Kelleher A 2010;24:2573-2578. Ruxrungtham K. An HIV-1 clade A/E DNA prime, recombinant fowlpox virus boost vaccine is safe, but non-immunogenic in a randomized phase Kent SJ, Cooper DA, Vun MC, Shao Y, Zhang L, Ganguly N, Bela B, I/IIa trial in Thai volunteers at low risk of HIV infection. Hum Vaccin Tamashiro H, Ditango R, Rerks-Ngarm S, Pitisuttithum P, Van Kinh 2010;6:835-840. N, Bernstein A, Osmanov S, for the AIDS Vaccine for Asia Network investigators and supporters. AIDS Vaccine for Asia Network (AVAN): Heymer K, Wilson DP. Available evidence does not support serosorting Expanding the regional role in developing HIV vaccines. PLoS Med as an HIV risk reduction strategy. AIDS 2010;24:935-936 (letter). 2010;7(9):e1000331. , . Older injectors: An emerging and under-recognised Higgs P Maher L Kerr SJ, Ananworanich J, Ruxrungtham K. Changing evidence on public health issue. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010;29:233–234 (editorial). HIV treatment and prevention strategies: Implications and advice for Hoare A, Kerr SJ, Ruxrungtham K, Ananworanich J, Law MG, Cooper healthcare workers and National Treatment Programmes in Asia. Asian DA, Phanuphak P, Wilson DP. Hidden drug resistant HIV to emerge Biomed 2010;4:501-503. PLoS ONE in the era of universal treatment access in Southeast Asia. Kerr, S.J.; Sayer, G.P.; Whicker, S.D.; Rowett, D.S.; Saltman, D.C & Mant, A. 2010;5(6):e10981. All-cause mortality of elderly Australian veterans using COX-2 selective Hong A, Grulich A, Jones D, Lee S, Garland S, Dobbins T, Clark J, Harnett or non-selective NSAIDs: a longitudinal study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2010 G, Milross C, O’Brien C, Rose B. Oropharyngeal cancer. Australian data May 6; doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03702.x. show increase. BMJ 2010;340:c2518 (letter). Kimber J, Copeland L, Hickman M, Macleod J, McKenzie J, De Angelis D, Hong AM, Grulich AE, Jones D, Lee CS, Garland SM, Dobbins TA, Clark JR, Robertson JR. Survival and cessation in injecting drug users: prospective Harnett GB, Milross CG, O’Brien CJ, Rose BR. Squamous cell carcinoma observational study of outcomes and effect of opiate substitution of the oropharynx in Australian males induced by human papillomavirus treatment. Br Med J 2010; 340:c3172. vaccine targets. Vaccine 2010;28:3269-3272. Horyniak D, Guy RJ, Prybylski D, Hellard M, Kaldor JM. The utility of L voluntary counselling and testing data as a source of information on HIV prevalence: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS 2010;21:305-311. Lampe FC, Duprez DA, Kuller LH, Tracy R, Otvos J, Stroes E, Cooper DA, Hoy J, Paton NI, Friis-Møller N, Neuhaus J, Liappis AP, Phillips AN for the Horyniak D, Higgs P, Lewis J, Winter R, Dietze P, Aitken C. An evaluation INSIGHT SMART Study Group. Changes in lipids and lipoprotein particle of a heroin overdose prevention and education campaign. Drug Alcohol concentrations after interruption of antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Rev 2010;29:5-11. Immune Defic Syndr 2010;54:275-284.

The International HIV Controllers Study (Cooper DA – member, HIV Lifson AR and INSIGHT Endpoint Review Committee Writing Group: controllers referral team). The major genetic determinants of HIV-1 control Belloso WH, Davey RT, Duprez D, Gatell JM, Hoy JF, Krum EA, Nelson affect HLA class 1 peptide presentation. Science 2010;330:1551-1557. R, Pedersen C, Perez G, Price RW, Prineas RJ, Rhame FS, Sampson JH, and Worley J for the INSIGHT Study Group (Emery S, Cooper D, Pett S, Drummond F INSIGHT collaborators). Development of diagnostic I criteria for serious non-AIDS events in HIV clinical trials. HIV Clin Trials 2010;11:205-219. Iversen J, Wand H, Gonnermann A, Maher L. Gender differences in hepatitis C antibody prevalence and risk behaviours amongst people who Lifson AR, Neuhaus J, Arribas JR, van den Berg-Wolf M, Labriola AM, inject drugs in Australia 1998-2008. Int J Drug Policy 2010;21:471-476. Read TRH for the INSIGHT SMART Study Group (Cooper DA, Emery S, Drummond FM members of the SMART study group; Emery S, Cooper D, Pett S, Drummond F INSIGHT collaborators). Smoking-related health J risks among persons with HIV in the Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy clinical trial. Am J Pub Health 2010;100:1896-1903. Jin F, Jansson J, Law M, Prestage GP, Zablotska I, Imrie JCG, Kippax SC, Kaldor JM, Grulich AE, Wilson DP. Per-contact probability of HIV Londish GJ, Kwon JA, Wilson DP. Equivalence of two mathematical transmission in homosexual men in Sydney in the era of HAART. AIDS models of injecting drug use, using Cauchy’s theorem. AMS Gazette 2010;24:907-913. 2010;37:105-109.

Jin F, Prestage GP, Imrie J, Kippax SC, Donovan B, Templeton DJ, Londish GJ, Templeton DJ, Regan DG, Kaldor JM, Murray JM. Minimal Cunningham A, Mindel A, Cunningham PH, Kaldor JM, Grulich AE. Anal impact of circumcision on HIV acquisition in men who have sex with men.

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 83 Sex Health 2010;7:463-70. needle and syringe cleaning techniques among people who inject drugs in Sydney, Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010;29:413-419. Lutgehetmann M, Volz T, Köpke A, Broja T, Tigges E, Lohse A, Fuchs E, Murray JM, Petersen J, Dandri M. In vivo proliferation of hepadnavirus- Neaton JD, Neuhaus J, Emery S. Soluble biomarkers and morbidity infected hepatocytes induces loss of the covalently closed circular DNA in among people infected with HIV: summary of published reports from mice. Hepatology 2010;52:16-24. 1997 to 2010. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2010;5:480-490.

Neuhaus J, Angus B, Kowalska JD, La Rosa A, Sampson J, Wentworth D, Mocroft A for the INSIGHT SMART and ESPRIT Study Groups (Cooper M DA, Emery S, Drummond FM, members of the SMART study group; Macleod J, Copeland L, Hickman M, McKenzie J, Kimber J, DeAngelis D, Emery S, Cooper D, Pett S, Drummond F INSIGHT collaborators; Cooper Robertson JR. The Edinburgh Addiction Cohort: recruitment and follow- DA, Emery S members of the ESPRIT Executive Committee). Risk of up of a primary care based sample of injection drug users and non drug- all-cause mortality associated with nonfatal AIDS and serious non-AIDS injecting controls. BMC Public Health 10:101. events among adults infected with HIV. AIDS 2010;24:697-706.

Maher L, White B, Donald A, Bates A, Enriquez J, Pham S, Liao L. Using Neuhaus J, Jacobs Jr. DR, Baker JV, Calmy A, Duprez D, La Rosa A, Kuller ethnographic fieldwork to inform hepatitis C vaccine preparedness LH, Pett SL, Ristola M, Ross MJ, Shlipak MG, Tracy R, Neaton JD for studies with people who inject drugs. Int J Drug Policy 2010;21:194-201. the International Network for Strategic Initiatives in Global HIV Trials (INSIGHT), Strategies for Management of Anti-Retroviral Therapy Maher L, White B, Hellard M, Madden A, Prins M, Kerr T, Page K. (SMART), Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), and Coronary Candidate hepatitis C vaccine trials and people who inject drugs: Artery Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Research Groups Challenges and opportunities. Vaccine 2010;28:7273–7278. (Cooper DA, Emery S, Drummond FM members of the SMART study Martin A, Amin J, Cooper DA, Carr A, Kelleher AD, Bloch M, Baker D, group; Emery S, Cooper D, Pett S, Drummond F INSIGHT collaborators). Woolley I, Emery S on behalf of the STEAL Study Group. Abacavir does Markers of inflammation, coagulation and renal function are elevated in not affect circulating levels of inflammatory or coagulopathic biomarkers adults with HIV infection. J Infect Dis 2010;201:1788-1795. in suppressed HIV: a randomized clinical trial. AIDS 2010;24:2657-2663.

Martinez E, Visnegarwala F, Grund B, Thomas A, Gibert C, Shlay J, Drummond F, Pearce D, Edwards S, Reiss P, El-Sadr W, Carr A. The effects O of intermittent, CD4-guided antiretroviral therapy on body composition O’Brien AP, Cross WM, Higgs P, Munro I, Bloomer MJ, Cho KR. and metabolic parameters. AIDS 2010;24:353-363. Australians living with and managing hepatitis C. Issues in Mental Health Nursing 2010;31:520-524. McNulty AM, Egan C, Wand H, Donovan B. The behaviour and sexual health of young international travellers (backpackers) in Australia. Sex O’Connor MB, O’Connor C, Saunders JA, Sheehan C, Murphy E, Horgan Transm Infect 2010;86:247-250. M, Carr A, Cooper DA. Substance use among HIV patients. Ir J Med Sci 2010;179:467-468 (letter). Merrall ELC, Kariminia A, Binswanger IA, Hobbs MS, Farrell M, Marsden J, Hutchinson SJ, Bird SM. Meta-analysis of drug-related deaths soon O’Donnell D, Grulich A, Garsia R, Parkhill N, Browne K. HIV in NSW in after release from prison. Addiction 2010;105:1545-1554. 2010: sustaining success in an evolving epidemic. N S W Public Health Bull 2010;21:49-53 (editorial). Milner K-L, van der Poorten D, Trenell M, Jenkins AB, Xu A, Smythe G, Dore GJ, Zekry A, Weltman M, Fragomeli V, George J, Chisolm DJ. Chronic Oliver BG, Elliott JH, Price P, Phillips M, Saphonn V, Chhi Vun M, Kaldor hepatitis C is associated with peripheral rather than hepatic insulin JM, Cooper DA, French MA. Mediators of innate and adaptive immune resistance. Gastroenterology 2010;138:932-941. responses differentially affect immune restoration disease associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV patients beginning antiretroviral Miura T, Brumme ZL, Brockman MA, Rosato P, Sela J, Brumme CJ, Pereyra therapy. J Infect Dis 2010;202:1728-1737. F, Kaufmann DE, Trocha A, Block BL, Daar ES, Connick E, Jessen H, Kelleher AD, Rosenberg E, Markowitz M, Schafer K, Vaida F, Iwamoto A, Little S, O’Loughlin J, Millwood IY, McDonald HM, Price CF, Kaldor JM, Paull JRA. Walker BD. Impaired replication capacity of acute/early viruses in persons Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of SPL7013 Gel (VivaGel®): A who become HIV controllers. J Virol 2010;84:7581-7591. dose ranging, phase I study. Sex Trans Dis 2010;37:100-104.

Moore D, Dray A, Green R, Hudson SL, Jenkinson R, Siokou C, Perez P, Oyomopito R, Lee MP, Phanuphak P, Lim PL, Ditangco R, Zhou J, Bammer G, Maher L, Dietze P. Extending drug ethno-epidemiology Sirisanthana T, Chen YMA, Pujari S, Kumarasamy N, Sungkanuparph S, using agent-based modelling. Addiction 2010;104:1991-1997. Lee CKC, Kamarulzaman A, Oka S, Zhang FJ, Mean CV, Merati T, Tau G, Smith J, Li PCK on behalf of The TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database Mooney-Somers J, Ussher JM. Sex as commodity: Single and partnered (Cooper DA, Law MG, Oyomopito R, Zhou J members of the TREAT Asia men’s subjectification as heterosexual men. Men and Masculinities HIV Observational Database; Law MG, Zhou J members of the TAHOD 2010;12:353-373. Steering Committee). Measures of site resourcing predict virologic Murray JM, Vallely A, Page A. When the presumption of innocence is suppression, immunologic response and HIV disease progression not beneficial: periodic presumptive treatment for STIs and HIV in female following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the TREAT Asia sex workers. Sex Transm Infect 2010;86:161-162 (commentary). HIV Observational Database (TAHOD). HIV Med 2010;11:519-529.

N P Nathani J, Iversen J, Shying K, Byrne J, Maher L. Qualitative accounts of Petoumenos K, Hui E, Kumarasamy N, Kerr SJ, Choi JY, Chen YA, Merati

84 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 T, Zhang F, Lim P-L, Sungkanuparph S, Pujari S, Ponnampalavanar S, R Ditangco R, Lee CKC, Grulich A, Law MG, TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) (Cooper DA, Law MG, Zhou J, Jiamsakul A members Regan DG, Philp DJ, Waters EK. Unresolved questions concerning human of the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database; Law MG, Zhou J papillomavirus infection and transmission: a modelling perspective. Sex members of the TAHOD Steering Committee). Cancers in the Treat Asia Health 2010:7:368-375. HIV Observational Database (TAHOD): A retrospective analysis of risk Rerks-Ngarm S, Pitisuttithum P, Ganguly N, Zhang L, Tamashiro H, Cooper factors. J Int AIDS Soc 2010;13:51. DA, Vun MC, Bela B, Ditangco R, Van Kinh N, Bernstein A, Osmanov S, Pett SL, Emery S, Kelleher AD, Cooper DA. Antiretroviral agents: Focus Mathieson B, Kent SJ, Shao Y. Defining the Objectives of the AIDS Vaccine on maraviroc for the treatment of HIV-1-infected adults. Clinical Medicine for Asia network: report of the WHO-UNAIDS/Global HIV vaccine enterprise Insights: Therapeutics 2010;2: 697-713 (invited review). regional consultation on expanding AIDS vaccine research and development capacity in Asia. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2010;5:435-452. Pett SL, Kelleher AD, Emery S. Role of interleukin-2 inpatients with HIV infection. Drugs 2010;70:1115-1130. Richters J, Prestage G, Schneider K, Clayton S. Do women use dental dams? Safer sex practices of lesbians and other women who have sex Pett SL, Zaunders J, Bailey M, Murray J, MacRae K, Emery S, Cooper with women. Sex Health 2010;7:165-169. DA, Kelleher AD. A novel -receptor-5 (CCR5) blocker, SCH532706, has differential effects on CCR5+CD4+ and CCR5+CD8+ T cell numbers in chronic HIV infection. AIDS Res Human Retroviruses S 2010;26:653-661. Salmon AM, van Beek I, Amin J, Kaldor J, Maher L. The impact of a Phidisa II Writing Team for Project Phidisa; Ratsela A, Polis M, Dhlomo S, supervised injecting facility on ambulance call-outs in Sydney, Australia. Emery S, Grandits G, Khabo P, Khanyile T, Komati S, Neaton JD, Naidoo Addiction 2010;105:676–683. LC, Magongoa D, Qolohle D. A randomized factorial trial comparing Sasson SC, Smith S, Seddiki N, Zaunders JJ, Bryant A, Koelsch KK, 4 treatment regimens in treatment-naive HIV-infected persons with Weatherall C, Munier M-L, McGinley C, Yeung J, Mulligan SP, Moore J, AIDS and/or a CD4 cell count <200 cells/μL in South Africa. J Infect Dis Cooper DA, Milliken S, Kelleher AD. IL-7 receptor is expressed on adult 2010;202:1467-1469. B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and other B-cell derived neoplasms Poynten IM, Jin F, Prestage GP, Kaldor JM, Imrie J, Grulich AE. Attitudes and correlates with expression of proliferation and survival markers. towards new HIV biomedical prevention technologies among a cohort of Cytokine 2010;50:58-68. HIV negative gay men in Sydney, Australia. HIV Med 2010;11:282-288. Seed CR, Kee G, Wong T, Law M, Ismay S. Assessing the safety and Poynten IM, Jin F, Prestage GP, Kaldor JM, Kippax S, Grulich AE. efficacy of a test based, targeted screening strategy to minimise Defining high HIV incidence subgroups of Australian homosexual men: transfusion transmitted malaria. Vox Sang 2010;98:e182-e192. implications for conducting HIV prevention trials in low HIV prevalence Seed CR, Kiely P, Law M, Keller AJ. No evidence of a significantly settings. HIV Med 2010;11:635-641. increased risk of transfusion-transmitted human immunodeficiency virus Prasitsuebsai W, Bowen AC, Pang J, Hesp C, Kariminia A, Sohn AH. infection in Australia subsequent to implementing a 12-month deferral Pediatric HIV Clinical Care Resources and Management Practices in Asia: for men who have had sex with men. Transfusion 2010;50:2722-2730. A Regional Survey of the TREAT Asia Pediatric Network. AIDS Patient Shen M, Menashe I, Morton LM, Zhang Y, Armstrong B, Wang SS, Care STDs 2010;24:127-131. Lan Q, Hartge P, Purdue MP, Cerhan JR, Grulich A, Cozen W, Yeager Puls RL, Srasuebkul P, Petoumenos K, Boesecke C, Duncombe C, Belloso M, Holford TR, Vajdic CM, Davis S, Leaderer B, Kricker A, Severson RK, WH, Molina JM, Li L, Avihingsanon A, Gazzard B, Cooper DA, Emery S Zahm SH, Chatterjee N, Rothman N, Chanock SJ, Zheng T. Polymorphisms for the Altair Study Group (Cooper D (cochair), Emery S, Petoumenos K, in DNA repair genes and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a pooled Puls R, Altair Protocol Steering Committee; Emery S, Puls RL, Boesecke analysis of three studies. Br J Haematol 2010;151:239-244. C, Petoumenos K, Drummond F, Haskelberg H, Srasuebkul P, Courtney- Steigbigel RT, Cooper DA, Teppler H, Eron JJ, Gatell JM, Kumar PN, Vega K, Berilazic M members Altair Study Team; Cooper DA Altair site Rockstroh JK, Schechter M, Katlama C, Markowitz M, Yeni P, Loutfy MR, investigator). Efavirenz versus boosted atazanavir or zidovudine and Lazzarin A, Lennox JL, Clotet B, Zhao J, Wan H, Rhodes RR, Strohmaier abacavir in antiretroviral treatment-naive, HIV-infected subjects: week 48 KM, Barnard RJ, Isaacs RD, Nguyen BYT for the BENCHMRK Study data from the Altair Study. Clin Infect Dis 2010;1;51:855-864. Teams. Long-term efficacy and safety of raltegravir combined with optimized background therapy in treatment-experienced patients with drug-resistant HIV Infection: Week 96 results of the BENCHMRK 1 and 2 Phase III Trials. Clin Infect Dis 2010;50:605-612.

Q Stevens MP, Twin J, Fairley CK, Donovan B, Tan SE, Yu J, Garland SM, Tabrizi SN. Development and evaluation of an ompA quantitative real- Quinn HE, McIntyre PB, Backhouse JL, Gidding HF, Brotherton J, Gilbert time PCR assay for Chlamydia trachomatis serovar determination. J Clin GL. The utility of seroepidemiology for tracking trends in pertussis Microbiol 2010;48:2060-2065. infection. Epidemiol Infect 2010;138:426-433. Sturgiss EA, Jin F, Martin SJ, Grulich A, Bowden FJ. Prevalence of other Raboud JM, Diong C, Carr A, Grinspoon S, Mulligan K, Sutinen J, sexually transmitted infections in patients with newly diagnosed Rozenbaun W, Cavalcanti RB, Wand H, Costagliola D, Walmsley S for anogenital warts in a sexual health clinic. Sex Health 2010;7:55-59. the Glitazone and Lipoatrophy Meta-Analysis Working Group. A Meta- Analysis of six placebo-controlled trials of thiazolidinedione therapy for Suzuki K, Kelleher AD. Lessons from viral latency in T cells: manipulating HIV lipoatrophy. HIV Clin Trials 2010;11:39-50. HIV1 transcription by siRNA. HIV Therapy 2010;4:199–213.

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 85 van de Laar TJ, Matthews GV, Prins M, Danta M. Acute hepatitis C T in HIV-infected men who have sex with men: an emerging sexually Tavel JA, INSIGHT STALWART Study Group (Cooper D, Emery S members transmitted infection. AIDS 2010; 24:1799-1812 (editorial review). of the INSIGHT Executive Committee; Carey C member of the STALWART van Leeuwen MT, Webster AC, McCredie MRE, Stewart JH, McDonald Study Group Protocol Team; Carey C, Cooper D, Courtney-Rodgers D, SP, Amin J, Kaldor JM, Chapman JR, Vajdic CM, Grulich AE. Effect of Emery S members of the STALWART Study Group Sydney International reduced immunosuppression after kidney transplant failure on risk Coordinating Center; Anderson J, Cooper DA STALWART clinical site of cancer: population based retrospective cohort study. Br Med J principal investigators). Effects of intermittent IL-2 alone or with peri- 2010;340:c570; doi: 10.1136/bmj.c570. cycle antiretroviral therapy in early HIV infection: the STALWART study. PLoS One 2010;5(2):e9334. Templeton DJ. Male circumcision to reduce sexual transmission of HIV. W Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2010;5:344-349. Wand H, Ramjee G. Targeting the hotspots: Investigating spatial and Templeton DJ, Jin F, McNally LP, Imrie JCG, Prestage GP, Donovan B, demographic variations in HIV infection in small communities in South Cunningham PH, Kaldor JM, Kippax S, Grulich AE. Prevalence, incidence Africa. J Int AIDS Soc 2010;13:41. and risk factors for pharyngeal gonorrhea in a community-based HIV- Wand H, Yan P, Wilson D, McDonald A, Middleton M, Kaldor J, Law M. negative cohort of homosexual men in Sydney, Australia. Sex Transm Increasing HIV transmission through male homosexual and heterosexual Infect 2010;86:90-96. contact in Australia: results from an extended back-projection approach. Templeton DJ, Millett GA, Grulich AE. Male circumcision to reduce the HIV Med 2010;11:395-403. risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex Ward J, Akre SP, Kaldor JM. Guarding against an HIV epidemic within an with men. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2010;23:45-52. Aboriginal community and cultural framework; lessons from NSW. N S W Templeton DJ, Tyson BA, Meharg JP, Habgood KE, Bullen PM, Malek S, Public Health Bull 2010;21:78-82. McLean R. Aboriginal health worker screening for sexually transmissible Wilson DP. European Christians are at the forefront in accepting evolution: infections and blood-borne viruses in a rural Australian juvenile results from an internet-based survey. Evol Dev 2010;12:537-540. correctional facility. Sex Health 2010;7:44-48. Wilson DP. Evidence is still required for treatment as prevention for Templeton DJ, Williams A, Healey L, Odell M, Wells D. Male forensic riskier routes of HIV transmission. AIDS 2010;2891-2892 (letter). physicians have an important role in sexual assault care. J Forensic Leg Med 2010;17:50-52 (letter). Wilson DP. Interpreting sexually transmissible infection prevention trials by adjusting for the magnitude of exposure. Clin Trials 2010;7:36-43. Tong WW, McAllister J, White PA, Kelleher AD, Carr A. Transmission of triple-class, drug resistant HIV-1 in Australia. Intern Med J 2010;40:657- Wilson DP, Heymer KJ, Anderson J, O’Connor J, Harcourt C, Donovan B. 661. Sex workers can be screened too often: a cost-effectiveness analysis in Victoria, Australia. Sex Transm Infect 2010;86:117-125. Topp L, Hudson S, Maher L. Mental health symptoms among street- based psychostimulant injectors in Sydney’s Kings Cross. Subst Use Wilson DP, Hosein SR. It is too early to discuss HIV elimination. Public Misuse 2010;45:1180-1200. Health Reports 2010;125:786.

Treloar C, Byron P, McCann P, Maher L. “Fitness for duty”: social, Wilson DP, Jin F, Jansson J, Zablotska I, Grulich AE. Infectiousness of organisational and structural influences on the design and conduct of HIV-infected men who have sex with men in the era of highly active candidate hepatitis C vaccine trials involving people who inject drugs. antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2010;24:2420-2421 (letter). Vaccine 2010;28:5228-5236. Wilson DP, Regan DG, Heymer KJ, Jin F, Prestage GP, Grulich AE. Serosorting may increase the risk of HIV acquisition among men who Treloar C, Newland J, Harris M, Deacon R, Maher L. A diagnosis of hepatitis C: Insights from a study on patients’ experiences. Aust Fam have sex with men. Sex Transm Dis 2010;37:13-17. Physician 2010; e155868:589-592. Winston A, Duncombe C, Li PC, Gill JM, Kerr SJ, Puls R, Petoumenos K, Taylor-Robinson SD, Emery S, Cooper DA for the Altair Study Group. Does choice of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) alter changes V in cerebral function testing after 48 weeks in treatment-naive, HIV-1- infected individuals commencing cART? A randomized, controlled study. Vallely A, Page A, Dias S, Siba P, Lupiwa T, Law G, Millan J, Wilson DP, Clin Infect Dis 2010;50:920-929. Murray JM, Toole M, Kaldor JM. The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in Papua New Guinea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Wodak A, Maher L. The effectiveness of harm reduction in preventing PloS One 2010;5:e15586. HIV among injecting drug users. N S W Public Health Bull 2010;21:69-73.

Vajdic CM, Mao L, van Leeuwen MT, Kirkpatrick P, Grulich AE, Riminton Wongsawat J, Puthanakit T, Kanjanavanit, S, Hansudewechakul R, S. Are antibody deficiency disorders associated with a narrower range of Ngampiyaskul C, Kerr SJ, Ubolyam S, Suwanlerk T, Kosalaraksa P, cancers than other forms of immunodeficiency? Blood 2010;116:1228- Luesomboon W, Ngo-Giang-Huong N, Chandara M, Saphonn V, 1234. Ruxrungtham K, Ananworanich J on behalf of the PREDICT study group. CD4 cell count criteria to determine when to initiate antiretroviral Vajdic CM, van Leeuwen MT, Turner JJ, McDonald AM, Webster AC, therapy in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010;29:966-968. McDonald SP, Chapman JR, Kaldor JM, Grulich AE. No excess risk of follicular lymphoma in kidney transplant and HIV-related immune Worm SW, Sabin C, Weber R, Reiss P, El-Sadr W, Dabis F, De Wit S, deficiency. Int J Cancer 2010;127:2732-2735. Law M, D’Arminio Monforte A, Friis-Moller N, Kirk O, Fontas E, Weller

86 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 I, Phillips A, Lundgren J for the D:A:D Study Group (Law M member Non-peer reviewed of Writing Committee; Petoumenos K D:A:D data manager; Law M, Petoumenos K, Central Coordinators of AHOD, a participating cohort; Australian Chlamydia Control Effectiveness Pilot Executive Donovan( B, Cooper D participating physician). Risk of myocardial infarction in Guy R – members). General practices to accept the challenges. Primary patients with HIV infection exposed to specific individual antiretroviral Times (The Journal of the Australian Practice Nurses Association) 2010 drugs from the 3 major drug classes: The Data Collection on Adverse June; 8:19. Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) Study. J Infect Dis 2010;201:318-330. Boyd MA, Crowe SM. Indinavir. In: Grayson ML, Crowe SM, McCarthy Wright EJ, Grund B, Robertson K, Brew BJ, Roediger M, Bain MP, JS, Mills J, Mouton JW, Norrby SR, Paterson DL, Pfaller MA, eds. Kucers’ Drummond F, Vjecha MJ, Hoy J, Miller C, Penalva de Oliveira AC, the Use of Antibiotics: A clinical review of antibacterial, antifungal, Pumpradit W, Shlay JC, El-Sadr W, Price RW for the INSIGHT SMART antiparasitic and antiviral drugs. 6th ed. London: Hodder Arnold; 2010: Study Group (Cooper DA clinical site investigator for the SMART 2776-2787. Neurology substudy; Cooper DA, Emery S, Drummond FM, members Butler T, Richters J, Yap L, Papanastasiou C, Richards A, Schneider of the SMART study group; , , , Emery S Cooper D Pett S Drummond F K, Grant L, Smith AMA, Donovan B. Sexual health and behaviour INSIGHT collaborators). Cardiovascular risk factors associated with lower of Queensland prisoners: with Queensland and New South Wales baseline cognitive performance in HIV-positive persons. Neurology comparisons. Perth and Sydney: National Drug Research Institute, Curtin 2010;75:864-873. University, and School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales; 2010. Y Chute RS, Templeton DJ. Management of abnormal vaginal discharge. Modern Medicine of South Africa 2010 (July):43-45. Yan CS, Hanafi I,Kelleher AD, Carr AD, Amin J, McNally LP, Cunningham PH. Lack of correlation between three commercial platforms for Commonwealth of Australia (Donovan B – expert writing panel). the evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral Australasian Contact Tracing Manual. 4th ed. Sydney: Australasian load at the clinically critical lower limit of quantification. J Clin Virol Society for HIV Medicine; 2010. 2010;49:249-253. Cooper DA, Matthews G. Tenofovir. In: Grayson ML, Crowe SM, Yap L, Richters J, Butler T, Schneider K, Kirkwood K, Donovan B. Sexual McCarthy JS, Mills J, Mouton JW, Norrby SR, Paterson DL, Pfaller MA, practices and dental dam use among women prisoners – a mixed eds. Kucers’ the Use of Antibiotics: A clinical review of antibacterial, methods study. Sex Health 2010; 7: 170-176. antifungal, antiparasitic and antiviral drugs. 6th ed. London: Hodder Arnold; 2010: 2613-2626.

Donovan B, Dayan L. Syphilis. In: Warrell DA, Cox TM, Firth JD, eds. Z Oxford Textbook of Medicine. 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Zablotska IB, Prestage G, Middleton M, Wilson D, Grulich AE. 2010: 885-896. Contemporary HIV diagnoses trends in Australia can be predicted Donovan B. Sex work and law reform. Government Gazette (Centre for by trends in unprotected anal intercourse among gay men. AIDS; Parliamentary Studies, London) 2010; Sept: 30 (invited editorial). 2010:24:1955-1958 (research letter). Donovan B, Harcourt C, Egger S, Schneider K, O’Connor J, Marshall L, Zeiler I, Langlands T, , Ritter A. Optimal targeting of Murray JM Chen MY, Fairley CK. The sex industry in Western Australia: a report to hepatitis C virus treatment among injecting drug users to those not the Western Australian Government. Sydney: National Centre in HIV enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The University of New South Wales; 2010;110:228-233. 2010. Zheng H, Ehrlich F, Amin J. Economic evaluation of the direct healthcare Donovan B, Knight V. What’s happening in sexual health? Primary Times cost savings resulting from the use of walking interventions to prevent (The journal of the Australian Practice Nurses Association) 2010 June; 8: coronary heart disease in Australia. Int J Health Care Finance Econ 8-9. 2010;10:187-201. Feigin A, Higgs P, Hellard M, Dietze P. Further research required to Zheng H, Ehrlich F, Amin J. Productivity loss resulting from coronary heart determine link between khat consumption and driver impairment. Bull disease in Australia. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 2010;8:179-189. World Health Org 2010;88:480. Zhou J, Li PCK, Kumarasamy N, Boyd M, Chen YMA, Sirisanthana T, Grebely J, Dore G. Protease and polymerase inhibitors for the treatment Sungkanuparph S, Oka S, Tau G, Phanuphak P, Saphonn V, Zhang FJ, of hepatitis C virus infection. In: Grayson ML, Crowe SM, McCarthy JS, Omar SFS, Lee CKC, Ditangco R, Merati TP, Lim PL, Choi JY, Law MG, Mills J, Mouton JW, Norrby SR, Paterson DL, Pfaller MA, eds. Kucers’ Pujari S on behalf of the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database. the Use of Antibiotics: A clinical review of antibacterial, antifungal, Deferred modification of antiretroviral regimen following documented antiparasitic and antiviral drugs. 6th ed. London: Hodder Arnold; treatment failure in Asia: results from the TREAT Asia HIV Observational 2010:2976-2989. Database (TAHOD). HIV Med 2010;11:31-39. Grebely J, Dore G. Pegylated interferon alfa. In: Grayson ML, Crowe Zhou J, Sirisanthana T, Kiertiburanakul S, Chen YM, Han N, Lim PL, SM, McCarthy JS, Mills J, Mouton JW, Norrby SR, Paterson DL, Pfaller Kumarasamy N, Choi JY, Merati TP, Yunihastuti E, Oka S, Kamarulzaman MA, eds. Kucers’ the Use of Antibiotics: A clinical review of antibacterial, A, Phanuphak P, Lee CK, Li PC, Pujari S, Saphonn V, Law MG. Trends in antifungal, antiparasitic and antiviral drugs. 6th ed. London: Hodder CD4 counts in HIV-infected patients with HIV viral load monitoring while Arnold; 2010:2959-2957. on combination antiretroviral treatment: results from The TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database. BMC Infect Dis 2010;10:361. Higgs P. Women, ageing and hepatitis C. Good Liver 2010; Winter:5.

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 87 National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research. Australian NSP Survey National Data Report 2005-2009. National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW; 2010. Available at: http://www.nchecr.unsw.edu.au

National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research. Bloodborne viral and sexually transmitted infections in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: Surveillance and Evaluation Report 2010. National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW; 2010. Available at: http://www.nchecr.unsw.edu.au

National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research. Epidemiological and economic impact of potential increased hepatitis C treatment uptake in Australia 2010. National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW; 2010. Available at: http://www.nchecr.unsw.edu.au

National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research. HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia Annual Surveillance Report 2010. National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW; 2010. Available at: http://www.nchecr.unsw.edu.au

National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research. Epidemiological and economic impact of potential increased hepatitis C treatment uptake in Australia 2010. National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW; 2010. Available at: http://www.nchecr.unsw.edu.au

Olsen A, Mooney-Somers J, Topp L, Maher L. Sexual Health through the Eyes of Indigenous Youth: Conducting Survey Research Training Manual. National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW; 2010.

Pett SL, Emery S. Atazanavir. In: Grayson ML, Crowe SM, McCarthy JS, Mills J, Mouton JW, Norrby SR, Paterson DL, Pfaller MA, eds. Kucers’ the Use of Antibiotics: A clinical review of antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antiviral drugs. 6th ed. London: Hodder Arnold; 2010: 2830-2841.

Ryder N, Donovan B. The management and prevention of recurrent genital herpes. Modern Medicine South Africa 2010; Sept: 24-28.

Treloar C, Newland J, Harris M, Deacon R, Maher L. How did I get hepatitis C? User’s News 2010;60(10):26-28.

Wilson DP, Heymer KJ. Evaluation of HIV in South Australia. Technical Report. Sydney: National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales; 2010.

88 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Index of studies

ACCEPt: Australian Chlamydia control effectiveness pilot study 20 ACCESS: Australian Collaboration on Chlamydia Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance 10 ACHOS: Australian Chronic Hepatitis C Observational Study 20 AHOD: The Australian HIV Observational Database 18 AHOD: The Australian HIV Observational Database STI project 20 ALTAIR 13 ALTAIR Bone biomarker Sub-study 14 ALTAIR MRS Sub-study 14 ALTAIR Renal Sub-study 14 Analyses of the National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Registry 11 ANSPS: The Australian Needle and Syringe Program Survey 11 Assays of T-cell function, proliferation and cytotoxicity, and identification of antigen-specific T-cells 32 ATAHC: Characterisation of reinfection/mixed HCV infection in recently acquired HCV 33 ATAHC: Characterisation of the humoral immune response in recently acquired HCV 33 ATAHC: IL28B-associated SNP mutations in recently acquired HCV 33 ATAHC: In-vivo hepatitis C virus adaptation to host HLA-restricted immune responses in recently acquired HCV 42 32 ATAHC: IP10 & IL28B serum protein levels in recently acquired HCV 32 ATAHC: ISG expression profiles within peripheral blood in recently acquired HCV 33 ATAHC: T-cell responses in recently acquired HCV 33 ATAHC: Transmission networks in recently acquired HCV 34 ATAHC II: Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C 18 Australian HIV Surveillance Report 7 Australian Long-Term Non-Progressor Study 30 Australian Red Cross Blood Bank Surveillance 8 B cell subsets, neutralising antibodies and auto-antibodies at primary HIV-1 infection 31 Behavioural predictors of HIV diagnoses trends (Australian Gay Community Periodic Surveys and HIV surveillance) 11 Bloodborne viral and sexually transmitted infections in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: Surveillance Report 2010 8 Cambodian Treatment Access Program (CTAP) 39 Cancer Council STREP Grant 18 Cancer in primary immune deficiency 29 CHARIOT: Ribavirin concentrations in with chronic HCV in subjects 34 Chlamydia incidence and re-infection study (CIRIS): a longitudinal cohort study of young Australian women 28 Chronic hepatitis B prevalence in Australia among at-risk populations: results from a systematic review and meta-analysis 10 Clinical Service Delivery for HIV Positive People in Australia 12 COLD: Liver Disease and HIV/HBV Coinfection in the era of HAART 18 CONNECT: Social norms regarding HIV/STI risk and risk reduction behaviours among men who have sex with men in Australia 25 CORAL: ART Intensification with raltegravir and hyper-immune bovine colostrum 15 Culturally and linguistically diverse MSM at SSHC: diagnostic and behavioural trends 26 Culture and HIV Prevention in Cambodia 39 D:A:D: The Data Collection on the Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs Study 18 Data from the highly specialised drugs program 19 Defining risk and mechanisms of permucosal transmission of acute HCV infection within high-risk populations 25 Developing and validating a scoring tool for identifying people who inject drugs at highest risk of hepatitis C virus infection 9 Developing the National Gay Men’s Syphilis Action Plan 10 Development and trial of Key Performance Indicators for Sexually Transmitted Infection control in clinical settings with high bacterial prevalence 36 Do SMS reminders improve retesting rates after chlamydia infection in heterosexuals? 27 Do SMS reminders improve STI testing frequency in men who have sex with men (MSM)? 27 Economic, social and cross cultural issues in non-pharmaceutical protection of front line responders to pandemic influenza and emerging infections 21 Eco-pathogenomics of chlamydial infection of the human reproductive tract 11 ENCORE1 14

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 89 ENCORE1 CNS Sub-study 14 ENCORE1 Intensive Pharmacokinetics Sub-study 14 ENCORE2 14 ENCORE3 14 Epidemiological and economic impact of potential increased hepatitis C treatment uptake in Australia 9 eTEST: An initiative to enhance STI Testing in gay men 24 ETHOS: Enhancing Treatment of Hepatitis C in Opiate Substitution Settings 18 Etravirine + Raltegravir Study 17 Evaluating and predicting the epidemiological impact of health policies for reducing HIV in Melanesian and South-East Asian populations 41 Evaluating Needle-Syringe Programs in Vietnam 41 Evaluating the effectiveness of needle and syringe programs in Eastern Europe 40 Evaluating the epidemiological benefits of needle and syringe programs in Australia 12 Evaluation in China 40 Evaluation of syphilis PCR 22 Evaluation of the epidemiological impact of harm reduction programs across Vietnam 41 Evolution of immune responses in primary infection and long-term non-progressors 31 Examination of injecting drug use life course and estimating prevalence and health consequences of a dynamic population 28 Exploring the natural history of injection drug use: A qualitative study of social and environmental influences in the VIDUS cohort 27 FLU002 17 FLU003 17 From Broome to Berrima: building Australia-wide research capacity in Indigenous offender health and health care delivery 37 Geographic variation in anal cancer incidence in New South Wales 29 GOANNA 35 Group sex study 25 HAVIT: Hepatitis Acceptability and Vaccination Incentives Trial 19 Hepatitis C Vaccine Preparedness Studies 19 Hepatitis C virus transmission dynamics among injection drug users in Vancouver (ARYS / VIDUS Cohort) 34 HepBank Clinical Sample Repository & Open Access Substudy database (LabKey) 31 HIM (Health in Men) study: defining high HIV incidence subgroups 24 HIM (Health in Men) study: incidence and risk factors for pharyngeal gonorrhoea 24 HIM (Health in Men) study: per contact probability of HIV transmission 24 HIM (Health in Men) study: sero-epidemiology of Human papillomavirus 29 HIV Consortium for Partnerships in Asia and the Pacific 39 HIV drug resistance 32 HIV Modelling Grant 35 HIV treatment failure, therapeutic pathways, and clinical outcomes: understanding the present and planning for the future 11 HIV vaccine preparedness cohort study (Health in Men study) 23 HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia Annual Surveillance Report 7 HSV-2 / HIV Epidemiology Study, PNG 41 Identifying predisposing factors for, and the consequences of, common and emerging infectious diseases 22 Immunopathogenesis of immune reconstitution disease 31 Immuno-phenotyping of T-cell subsets 30 InC3: International Collaboration of Incident hepatitis C in Injecting Cohorts Collaborative Group 19 Increasing completeness of ‘Aboriginality’ in infectious diseases data through record linkage – a feasibility study 36 Indigenous injecting use in Queensland (IIDU): a peer based research project 36 International pooled analysis of immune risk factors for lymphoma 29 International research workshop focused on newly acquired hepatitis C in injecting drug users 40 Is azithromycin adequate treatment for asymptomatic rectal chlamydia? 20 Laboratory surveillance of incident HIV infection 9 LASA 17 LASH: The Law and Sexworker Health Project 26 Liver Spots: A study of hepatitis B knowledge, treatment and health care among Indigenous Australians 37 Longitudinal study of bacterial vaginosis and Mycoplasma genitalium in young Australian women 28 Long-term surveillance of genital warts through Australian sexual health services 11 MAGNIFICENT: Myocardial infarction, assessment of Antiretroviral and Genetic factors in Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection 18 Mapping gay community networks in Sydney, NSW 25

90 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Mapping HIV outcomes in Australia 12 MARCH 17 Mathematical modelling of bacterial STIs in Australian sub-populations 20 Mathematical modelling of human papillomavirus transmission 20 MCAIS: Male Circumcision Acceptability & Impact Study, PNG 41 Merging HIV and AIDS registries 8 Modelling and economic evaluation of hepatitis C epidemic mitigation strategies in Australia 9 Modelling and impact of hepatitis C treatment in prisons 10 Modelling HIV epidemics in South Australia 12 Modelling HIV in NSW 12 Modelling HIV Vaccines (international collaboration with Centers for Disease Control) 41 Modelling interventions to prevent HIV infection and their acceptability among gay men in NSW 23 Modelling interventions to prevent syphilis infection and their acceptability among gay men 23 Modelling the interaction between sexually transmitted infections and HIV transmission to inform public health policy 12 Monitoring cases of AIDS 8 Monitoring cases of newly diagnosed HIV infection 8 Monitoring cases of newly diagnosed viral hepatitis 9 Monitoring diagnoses of newly acquired HIV infection 8 Monitoring HIV and viral hepatitis among blood donors 9 Monitoring HIV antibody prevalence among prison entrants in Australia 9 Monitoring HIV prevalence and incidence through sexual health clinics 9 Monitoring HIV transmission through specialised tests for incident HIV infection 8 Monitoring long-term outcome of newly acquired HIV infection 8 Monitoring long-term outcomes of chronic hepatitis B and C 9 Monitoring perinatal exposure to HIV 8 Monogamy: meanings and practices among gay men 26 Morbidity in people with hepatitis B and C in New South Wales 12 NACS Masculinities Study, PNG 41 Notifiable Diseases and Reproductive Health 21 Novel real time PCR technology for mixed infection 32 NSW Chlamydia review 42 Out on the Reef 2010 26 PASH (Pleasure and Sexual Health) Study: understandings of risk among gay men 25 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in the primary health care setting: an investigation of clinical management 36 Periodic surveys of HIV risk behaviour 11 PHAEDRA: Primary HV and early disease research: Australian cohort extension 30 PHIDISA Ia 13 PHIDISA II 13 PINT 14 RAMPT-C cohort 34 RAMPT-C study: Defining risk and mechanism of permucosal transmission for acute HCV infection within high-risk populations 19 RAMPT-C: sexual transmission of HCV among HIV-positive gay men 26 REACCH: Research Excellence in Aboriginal Community Controlled Health 35 REACH Initiative: Research and education in HIV/AIDS for resource-poor countries 40 REACT study 21 Report on the sex industry in New South Wales 42 Report on the sex industry in Western Australia 42 Resistance mutations to Directly Acting Antivirals in treatment naïve patients 33 RESTORE 31 Review of hepatitis B from the NNDSS 9 Review of HIV transmission 12 Review of HPV associated cancers in Australia 28 Review of the history and methodology of the Australian behavioural surveillance and its implications for policy and prevention (Australian Gay Community Periodic Surveys) 11 Risk factors for HIV seroconversion 25 RNA inducing viral latency 32

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 91 Role of resiliency in responding to blood-borne viral and sexually transmitted infections in Indigenous communities 36 Scabies - Factors associated with scabies in a highly endemic population 40 Seasonal trends in STI diagnoses: an investigation 27 SECOND-LINE 14 SECOND-LINE Body Composition sub-study 15 SECOND-LINE Dried Blood Spot sub-study 15 Serotype identification of HCV genotype 34 Sexually adventurous men’s study 25 SHIMMER: NSW Aboriginal Health Research Program 36 Situational analysis of public health responses to chronic hepatitis B in the Torres Strait 36 SPANC: Study of the prevention of anal cancer 28 SPARTA 17 SPARTAC: Randomised trial in primary HIV infection looking at three forms of intervention 13 Specimen receipt and processing for clinical trials and natural history studies 31 STALWART 15 START: Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy 15 START: Arterial Elasticity: A substudy of Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment 16 START: Bone Mineral Density: A substudy of Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment 16 START: Genomics: A substudy of Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment 16 START: Informed Consent Substudy: A substudy of Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment 15 START: Neurology: a substudy of Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment 16 START: Pulmonary Substudy: A substudy of Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment 16 Staying Safe: A sociology of how injecting drug users avoid viral infection in the long-term 40 Staying safe: How do long term injecting drug users avoid hepatitis C infection? 24 STEAL Body Composition Sub-study 16 STEAL Bone biomarker Sub-study 16 STEAL HLA Sub-study 16 STI Modelling Grant 36 STRIVE 35 Study of gay community attachment among Australian gay men and its implications for behavioural surveillance and research (Australian Gay Community Periodic Surveys) 25 Support for national surveillance committees 7 Surveillance of lymphogranuloma venereum Chlamydia trachomatis types among men who have sex with men 10 Survey of epidemiological cohort studies and specimen sample sets and development of technical guidance documents for HIV incidence assays 38 Survey of the sexual behaviour and sexual health of Australian prisoners 26 Syphilaxis: a trial of chemoprophylaxis to prevent syphilis in men who have sex with men with HIV infection 20 Syphilis point-of-care test evaluation 22 Syphilis testing in HIV positive men 21 Systematic review and meta-analyses of HIV comorbid conditions 12 TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) 38 TREAT Asia Paediatric HIV Observational Database (TApHOD) 39 TREAT Asia Quality Assurance Scheme (TAQAS) 39 TREAT Asia Studies Evaluating Resistance (TASER) 38 Unprotected oral sex and sex workers 27 Uptake and outcomes of chlamydia or gonorrhoea testing programs in non-clinical settings: a systematic review 21 Using CD4 counts at diagnosis to estimate incidence 11 Using mathematical models to assess the impact of interventions to reduce sexually transmitted infections in Australia 12 Viral reservoirs 31 Women’s and men’s experiences of preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) in Papua New Guinea 40 Young Women’s Reproductive Health Study 9

92 ANNUAL REPORT 2010 About NCHECR

The National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research (NCHECR) was established in 1986 by the Australian Government to fulfil a number of key roles in Australia’s fight against HIV/AIDS. NCHECR is affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales. NCHECR’s primary functions relate to the co-ordination of national surveillance programs, clinical research and clinical trials. While its original focus was exclusively on HIV/AIDS, NCHECR’s work has expanded to encompass hepatitis B and C, and sexually transmissible infections. NCHECR also conducts research into the transmission, prevention and natural history of these infections. NCHECR’s research program has increasingly taken on a regional focus, with major collaborative programs in Thailand and Cambodia. NCHECR conducts research through nine programs. Dissemination of NCHECR’s research output is undertaken through publication in scientific journals and a range of surveillance reports. This publication was funded by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the position of the Australian Government.

ISSN No. 1441-2640

National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research has three locations:

Director’s Unit and the Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program: Level 4, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst NSW 2010 Australia

Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Program; Biostatistics and Databases Program; Sexual Health Program; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Program; and Public Health Interventions Research Group: UNSW Cliffbrook Campus, 45 Beach Street, Coogee NSW 2034

HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program; Viral Hepatitis Epidemiology and Prevention Program; Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program; Surveillance and Evaluation Program for Public Health; Administration, and Finance: The CFI Building, corner Boundary and West Streets, Darlinghurst NSW 2010

Postal address: The CFI Building, Corner Boundary and West Streets, Darlinghurst NSW 2010 Telephone +61 (2) 9385 0900 Web: http:/www.nchecr.unsw.edu.au/ Fax +61 (2) 9385 0920 Email: [email protected]

National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research Annual Report 2010 Editor: Louisa Wright Design: Luke Gover/Gadfly Images: Claire Reynolds