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Ideology in Russian Literature IDEOLOGY IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC SINCE 1945 KHRUSHCHEV AND KHRUSHCHEVISM (editor) THE SOVIET UNION UNDER GORBACHEV (editor) Martin McCauley and Stephen Carter (editors) LEADERSHIP AND SUCCESSION IN THE SOVIET UNION, EASTERN EUROPE AND CHINA Martin McCauley and Peter Waldron THE EMERGENCE OF THE MODERN RUSSIAN STATE, 1856-61 Laszl6 Peter and Robert B. Pynsent (editors) INTELLECTUALS AND THE FUTURE IN THE HABSBURG MONARCHY, 1890-1914 Robert B. Pynsent (editor) T.G. MASARYK (1850-1937) VOLUME 2: THINKER AND CRffiC Evan Mawdsley THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AND THE BALTIC FLEET J.J. Tomiak (editor) WESTERN PERSPECTIVES ON SOVIET EDUCATION IN THE 1980s Stephen White and Alex Pravda (editors) IDEOLOGY AND SOVIET POLITICS Stanley B. Winters (editor) T.G. MASARYK (1850-1937) VOLUME 1: THINKER AND POLITICIAN Alan Wood and R.A. French (editors) THE DEVELOPMENT OF SIBERIA: PEOPLE AND RESOURCES Series Standing Order If you would like to receive future titles in this series as they are published, you can make use of our standing order facility. To place a standing order please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address and the name of the series. Please state with which title you wish to begin your standing order. (If you live outside the UK we may not have the rights for your area, in which case we will forward your order to the publisher concerned.) Standing Order Service, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG212XS, England. Ideology in Russian Literature Edited by Richard Freeborn Emeritus Professor of Russian Literature School of Slavonic and East European Studies University of London and Jane Grayson Lecturer in Russian Language and Literature School of Slavonic and East European Studies University of London Palgrave Macmillan UK ISBN 978-1-349-10827-5 ISBN 978-1-349-10825-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-10825-1 © School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University of London, 1990 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990 978-0-333-49127-0 All rights reserved. For information, write: Scholarly and Reference Division, St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 First published in the United States of America in 1990 ISBN 978-0-312-03225-8 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ideology in Russian literature I edited by Richard Freeborn and Jane Grayson. p. em. "Papers in this volume were either originally delivered as part of a seminar series on Russian literature and Ideas in the academic year 1987-8 or were written in association with it"-P. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-312-03225-8 1. Russian literature-19th century-History and criticism. 2. Russian literature-20th century-History and criticism. I. Freeborn, Richard. II. Grayson, Jane. III. University of London. School of Slavonic and East European Studies. PG3012.136 1990 891.709-dc20 89-32432 CIP Contents Notes on the contributors vi Note from the editors viii Note on transliteration IX Introduction 1 Richard Freeborn 1 Pushkin and Chaadaev: the history of a friendship 7 David Budgen 2 Literature and ideas in Russia after the Crimean War: 47 the 'Plebeian' writers Derek Offord 3 Three perspectives on faith and freedom 79 Jonathan Sutton 4 Konstantin Leont'ev: creative reaction 99 Glenn Cronin 5 Rozanov 116 Andrei Sinyavsky 6 Some notes on Mandelstam's Tristia 134 Diana Myers 7 Scriptum sub specie sovietica, 2 157 Igor P. Smirnov 8 Alexander Zinoviev: seer or scientist? 174 Michael Kirkwood 9 The 'new god-builders' 188 Irena Maryniak Index 205 v Notes on the contributors David Budgen is Lecturer in Russian Language and Literature at the University of London and was educated at Oxford. He has edited and translated Pushkin's Tales of Belkin and written on eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Russian literature. Glenn Cronin is a postgraduate student of Russian literature and thought at Queen Mary College, London. This is his first publication. Richard Freeborn is· Emeritus Professor of Russian Literature at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University of London. His publications include books on Turgenev and on the Russian novel (The Rise of the Russian Novel; The Russian Revolutionary Novel) and translations of Turgenev's Sketches from a Hunter's Album, Rudin and Home of the Gentry. He is also the author of several novels, the most recent being The Russian Crucifix (1987). Jane Grayson is Lecturer in Russian Language and Literature at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University of London, and studied at Oxford. Her publications include a study of Vladimir Nabokov (Nabokov Translated: A Comparison of Nabokov's Russian and English Prose). Michael Kirkwood is Senior Lecturer in Russian at the University of London and was educated in Glasgow. He has published in the fields of language planning, translation theory and second-language peda- gogy. Irena Maryniak is a graduate student at the University of London writing a thesis on Religious Themes in Contemporary Soviet Prose. She works as a researcher for Keston College, Kent, and for Index on Censorship. Diana Myers is Lecturer in Russian at the University of London, and was educated in Moscow, Leningrad and London. She has published articles on philology and literature. Derek Offord is Reader in Russian at the University of Bristol and Vl Notes on the contributors vii was educated at Cambridge, London School of Economics and Moscow State University. He has published books and articles on nineteenth-century Russian literature and thought. Andrei Sinyavsky is a Russian writer and critic now resident in France and lecturing at the Sorbonne. He previously lectured at Moscow University and worked as a researcher at the Academy of Sciences' Institute of World Literature. His writing about literature includes studies of Pushkin, Gogol and Vasily Rozanov. Igor Smirnov is Professor at the University of Konstanz, West Ger- many. He previously worked as a researcher at the Academy of Sciences' Institute of Russian Literature in Leningrad. He has pub- lished articles and books on Russian literature and the theory of literature. Jonathan Sutton works in the campaign for Jewish refuseniks in the Soviet Union and is a freelance translator. He studied Russian at the University of Durham and has published a book on Vladimir Solovev's religious philosophy. His present research interests include Russian monasticism, traditional iconography and religious belief in the Soviet period. Note from the editors The papers in this volume were either originally delivered as part of a seminar series on Russian Literature and Ideas in the academic year 1987-8 or were written in association with it. Since its institution in 1970 the Russian Literature Seminar at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies has aimed to provide a forum at which scholars in this country and abroad can offer papers either on literary topics of their own choosing, or in conjunction with specific themes. The aim has also been to allow postgraduate students to share their research interests with staff and undergraduates. Over the years the Russian Literature Seminar has been privileged to welcome the most notable scholars in the field of Russian literary studies in this country, often more than once, and has come to enjoy an established place in Russian literary studies not only in this country but also in Western Europe. We as editors of this collection are extremely grateful to all the contributors for the care and sensitivity which they have shown in preparing their work for publication and for allowing their contribu- tions to be presented in versions which may differ, especially in matters of transliteration and translation, from the versions originally delivered or submitted. RICHARD FREEBORN JANE GRAYSON Vlll Note on transliteration The transliteration scheme used in this volume is a modified form of the Library of Congress system. It dispenses with all diacritical signs except the diaeresis above the 'e' (e.g. Solovev) and it usually avoids the fragmentation of proper names by the insertion of an inverted comma to denote a soft sign (an exception to this rule is Leont'ev). The common -sky ending of proper names is retained (e.g. Dos- toevsky), as are the common forms Tolstoy and Zinoviev; and in the case of well-known proper names (such as Mayakovsky, Sinyavsky) 'ya' has been preferred to 'ia'. ix .
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