FROM A TO Z IN CLASSIFICATION RESEARCH
A Athlete Classification Code N Number of classes B Best-practice implementation O Observation in competition C Sir Philip Craven P Andrew Parsons D Delphi study Q Questions E Evidence based R Research F Functions and structures S Sport specific G Governing Body T Sean Tweedy H Health condition U Understanding I Intentional misrepresentation V Peter van de Vliet J John Bourke (athletics) W Wheelchair racing K Klassification (OK we don’t know…) X Xavi Gonzalez L Legitimate Y Yves Vanlandewijck M Misrepresentation Z Zorry, we gave up From A to Z in Classification Research How to Initiate Sport-Specific Classification Research (and minimise disasters later on!)
David Mann Associate Professor IPC Classification R&D Centre for Vision Impairment Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam HOW TO PERFORM CLASSIFICATION RESEARCH
3 Department of Human Movement Sciences THE ‘IOC BOOK CHAPTER’
Watch this space…
4 Department of Human Movement Sciences HOW TO PERFORM CLASSIFICATION RESEARCH
5 Department of Human Movement Sciences HOW TO PERFORM CLASSIFICATION RESEARCH
Step 1: Identify sport and impairment type(s)
Step 2: Develop model of determinants of sport performance
Step 3a: Develop measures of Step 3b: Develop measures of impairment (determinants of) performance
Step 4: Assess the impairment- performance relationship
Step 5: Determine minimum impairment criteria and class profiles
6 Department of Human Movement Sciences HOW TO PERFORM CLASSIFICATION RESEARCH
Step 1: Identify sport and impairment type(s)
Step 2: Develop model of determinants of sport performance
Step 3a: Develop measures of Step 3b: Develop measures of impairment (determinants of) performance
Step 4: Assess the impairment- performance relationship
Step 5: Determine minimum impairment criteria and class profiles
7 Department of Human Movement Sciences HOW TO PERFORM CLASSIFICATION RESEARCH
How can we leverage the expertise of para-athletes, coaches, and classifiers to initiate classification research?
8 Department of Human Movement Sciences EXPERT CONSULTATION DELPHI REVIEW
Judo: Does the current classification 83% system fulfil its aim? 61%
22% Minimum 15-20 experts 17%
Yes Partially No
9 Department of Human Movement Sciences EXPERT CONSULTATION ALLOWS YOU TO… ENSURE THE IPC REMAINS AN ATHLETE-CENTRED ORGANISATION
10 Department of Human Movement Sciences EXPERT CONSULTATION ALLOWS YOU TO… FUTURE-PROOF YOUR RESEARCH
“You used the wrong measures of impairment”
“You used the wrong measures of performance”
Involve athletes and other key stakeholders from the start of the research process
11 Department of Human Movement Sciences HOW TO PERFORM CLASSIFICATION RESEARCH
Step 1: Identify sport and impairment type(s)
Step 2: Develop model of determinants of sport performance
Step 3a: Develop measures of Step 3b: Develop measures of impairment (determinants of) performance
Step 4: Assess the impairment- performance relationship
Step 5: Determine minimum impairment criteria and class profiles
12 Department of Human Movement Sciences IDENTIFY YOUR SPORT FIVE-A-SIDE FOOTBALL
1.4 2.6 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Visual acuity (logMAR units) Partially sighted football Blind football
Oliver Runswick Poster #132 Tomorrow 16:00 “Sport-specific classification for football 5-a-side"
13 Department of Human Movement Sciences
IDENTIFY YOUR IMPAIRMENT TYPE
side side
- -
a a
- -
canoe cycling triathlon snowboard
- - - -
Boccia Para Para curlingWheelchair Archery Athletics Equestrian 5 Football 7 Football Goalball Judo Para Powerlifting Rowing Sailing Shooting Swimming tennis Table (sitting) Volleyball basketballWheelchair fencingWheelchair rugby Wheelchair tennisWheelchair skiingAlpine Hockey IceSledge skiingNordic Para
At, Ath HT, HT, ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
MP ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
RoM LD
Physical ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
LLD ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Impairment Impairment type
SS ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
VI ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
II ✓ ✓ ✓
14 Department of Human Movement Sciences HOW TO PERFORM CLASSIFICATION RESEARCH
Step 1: Identify sport and impairment type(s)
Step 2: Develop model of determinants of sport performance
Step 3a: Develop measures of Step 3b: Develop measures of impairment (determinants of) performance
Step 4: Assess the impairment- performance relationship
Step 5: Determine minimum impairment criteria and class profiles
15 Department of Human Movement Sciences DEVELOPING A MODEL OF SPORT PERFORMANCE SWIMMING
16 Department of Human Movement Sciences DEVELOPING A MODEL OF SPORT PERFORMANCE VI SWIMMING
Survey 1: Please list any components of performance in swimming that might be:
Negatively impacted by VI Unaffected by VI Improve with VI Deciding when to initiate a Stroke rate Reaction time at start turn
Survey 2: Which of the following aspects of performance are negatively impacted by vision impairment? Aspect of performance Yes No Reaction time to start signal ✔ Direction of the dive ✔ Deciding when to initiate a turn ✔ Navigation within the lane ✔
17 Department of Human Movement Sciences DEVELOPING A MODEL OF SPORT PERFORMANCE VI SWIMMING
Aspect of swim race
Determinants of performance with vision impairment
18 Department of Human Movement Sciences HOW TO PERFORM CLASSIFICATION RESEARCH
Step 1: Identify sport and impairment type(s)
Step 2: Develop model of determinants of sport performance
Step 3a: Develop measures of Step 3b: Develop measures of impairment (determinants of) performance
Step 4: Assess the impairment- performance relationship
Step 5: Determine minimum impairment criteria and class profiles
19 Department of Human Movement Sciences DEVELOPING MEASURES OF IMPAIRMENT VISION TEST BATTERY
Visual acuity Eye movements Visual field
Visual stability Motion perception
Vision tests Visual search Contrast sensitivity
Visual reaction Colour time Sensitivity to light perception
20 Department of Human Movement Sciences VI SWIMMING EXPERT CONSULTATION
% panel who think that Measure of visual measure is relevant for function classification Depth perception 92%
Light sensitivity 71% Contrast sensitivity 67%
Motion perception 67%
Dynamic visual acuity 58%
Ocular stability 50% Ocular coordination 44%
Colour vision 42%
21 Department of Human Movement Sciences TESTING DEPTH PERCEPTION
22 Department of Human Movement Sciences TESTING DEPTH PERCEPTION
IMPAIRMENT-PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP
Turn distance fromwall distance Turn Better swimming performanceswimmingBetter
Log error in depth perception
Poorer depth perception
23 Department of Human Movement Sciences HOW TO PERFORM CLASSIFICATION RESEARCH
Step 1: Identify sport and impairment type(s)
Step 2: Develop model of determinants of sport performance
Step 3a: Develop measures of Step 3b: Develop measures of impairment (determinants of) performance
Step 4: Assess the impairment- performance relationship
Step 5: Determine minimum impairment criteria and class profiles
24 Department of Human Movement Sciences DEVELOPING A MODEL OF SPORT PERFORMANCE VI SWIMMING
25 Department of Human Movement Sciences ASSESSING SWIMMING PERFORMANCE POSITION IN LANE
26 Department of Human Movement Sciences POSITION IN THE LANE IMPAIRMENT-PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP
Class
0.75
e
of lane (m)lane of
n
a
l
e
h
t
centre
n i
0.50
n
o
i
t
i
s
o P
0.25 Mean distance from distance Mean 0.00 123 Visual acuity (logMAR)
Poorer vision
27 Department of Human Movement Sciences PRACTICAL TIPS PUBLISHING YOUR EXPERT CONSULTATION
Path to publication Which journal? Leap into the unknown It may not be your career-defining paper, but it could lay the groundwork for your career-defining change to society
28 Department of Human Movement Sciences PRACTICAL TIPS SETTING UP AN EXPERT PANEL
Define what it is to be an ‘expert’ and try to balance:
Congenital and Location Sport role Gender acquired impairments
Don’t identify the panel alone – the International Federation is your best friend!
29 Department of Human Movement Sciences ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
International Paralympic Committee This project is supported by a Classification Research Grant awarded by the International Paralympic Committee.
International Blind Sports Federation This project is supported by a Research Grant awarded by the International Blind Sports Federation.
Agitos Foundation Rianne Aspects of this project were supported by Agitos Research Grants Ravensbergen awarded by the Agitos Foundation.
30 HOW TO PERFORM CLASSIFICATION RESEARCH
Step 1: Identify sport and impairment type(s)
Step 2: Develop model of determinants of sport performance
Step 3a: Develop measures of Step 3b: Develop measures of impairment (determinants of) performance
Step 4: Assess the impairment- performance relationship
Step 5: Determine minimum impairment criteria and class profiles
31 Department of Human Movement Sciences EXPERT CONSULTATION DELPHI REVIEW
Judo: Does the current classification 83% system fulfil its aim? 61%
17% 22%
Yes Partially No
Minimum 15-20 experts Advantages Disadvantages • Everyone’s view counts equally • Everyone’s view counts equally • Can be done remotely • Potential for questions to be • Can be documented/published misunderstood • Can rephrase misunderstood • Difficult to conduct in multiple questions languages
33 Department of Human Movement Sciences • Model as basis of symposium • Position stand vs book chapter • Model and simplified model – walk through • Who will cover what • Expert consultation • Why do it? • IPC’s athlete-centred view • Helps to future-proof your research (wide appetite for change until change happens) • Uncover hidden gems • Ways to consult experts • Model Step 1 – Identify sport and impairment type(s) • Sport – 5-a-side football • Impairment type(s) - tennis • Model Step 2 – Develop theoretical model of the determinants of sport performance • Swimming model and our approach • Model Step 3 – Develop measures of impairment and performance • Impairment • Choosing from measures of impairment • Depth perception • Performance • Swimming position in lane • Grip performance in judo • Delphi tips • Setting up an expert panel 34 • Publishing your expert consultation DEVELOPING A MODEL OF SPORT PERFORMANCE VI SWIMMING
Time for start (0- Time for clean Time for finish (5- 5m) swim Time for turn (5m 0m) in-and-out) Underwater Position in lane Overall race time distance
35 Department of Human Movement Sciences EXPERT CONSULTATION ALLOW YOU TO… UNCOVER HIDDEN GEMS TO UNDERSTAND YOUR SPORT
36 Department of Human Movement Sciences DEVELOPING A MODEL OF SPORT PERFORMANCE SWIMMING
37 Department of Human Movement Sciences Should we ask our experts what they think the classification system should be?
No a-priori ideas
It has almost always been very close (so far)
38 Department of Human Movement Sciences EXPERT CONSULTATION ALLOW YOU TO… PARK YOUR SCIENTIFIC EXPECTATIONS AT THE DOOR
39 Department of Human Movement Sciences THERE IS A WIDE APPETITE FOR CHANGE (UNTIL CHANGE COMES…)
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