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The Gold Deposits of the Farms Lisbon and Berlyn in the Eastern Transvaal by V

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The Gold Deposits of the Farms Lisbon and Berlyn in the Eastern Transvaal by V The gold deposits of the farms Lisbon and Berlyn in the Eastern Transvaal by V. C. H. R. BRERETON* (Visitor) SYNOPSIS This paper describes the discovery and recovery of gold, over a period dating back to the 1870s. on the farms Lisbon and Berlyn, situated approximately 1I km north-east of Pilgrims Rest. where mining ceased in July 1971. 99 years after gold was first discovered in the Pilgrims Rest and Sabie districts. Included in the paper are accounts of the discovery and mining operations of the Lisbon-Berlyn Company from 1884 to 1890. The operations of small companies and syndicates. the superficial winning of gold by diggers, and the encouraging reports of four mining engineers in 1890 are also mentioned. SAMEVATTING Hierdie verhandeling beskryf die ontdekking en herwinning van goud oor 'n tydperk wat strek vanaf die sewentigerjare van die vorige eeu, op die plase Lisbon en Berlyn, ongeveer I1 km noordoos van Pilgrims Rest waar mynbou in Julie 1971,99 jaar na die eerste ontdekking van goud in die distrikte Pilgrims Rest en Sabie, gestaak is. Die verhandeling sluit verslae oor die goudontdekking en die mynboubedrywighede van die Lisbon-Berlyn Con;- pany van 1884 tot 1890 in. Daar word ook melding gemaak van die bedrywighede van klein maatskappye en sindikate, die oppervlakkige winning van goud deur delwers en die bemoedigende verslae van vier myningenieurs in 1890. INTRODUCTION As shown in Fig. 1, the farms Lisbon (531KT) and Berlyn (506KT) are situated 8 km north of Graskop at an altitude of 1370 m. Graskop township is located at the terminus of a 123-km-Iong railway running northwards from Nelspruit. The country is very beautiful and the climate healthy, and there are large timber plantations and an abundance of clear water. The Lisbon Falls, with a drop over two stages totalling approximately 90 m, are situated on the Waterfall River, which tra verses the two farms (Plate I). Approximately 1 km below the falls, on the left side of the river, is a cave. A Mr Billy Davies, whilst prospecting on the farm Lisbon and the adjoining farm Berlyn, fled from some hostile natives and hid him- self in the cave, which he subse- quently fortified against any attacks. This portion of the cave and the fortifications can be seen today. Davies' prospecting activities led to the discovery of what has been described as 'a wall of gold'. The locality is in the vicinity of a large belt of leaders, the latter covering an *Government Land Surveyor, retired. Plate I-Lisbon Falls JOURNAL OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF MINING AND METALLURGY NOVEMBER 1973 125 /~1 , LEDOUPHINE VAALHOEK I I / On udoup'>;ne N'c", (hum MINE I I M,ne HuyerJ & WC/ltlJerJ , (Glynn's Reel') I~/ , TG.M.£ TuckerJ LeC/der;. A at; , ., , ,, ,, // "'~"'\ "~:~Z:) '6{/ FRANKFORT .,,~., \.;;<, '] tJ MINE ,:~'~ i~ ,~ if 8S :~" ;" i1 8S /0 I:; :0 1< I~ /~ PONIESKRANS /1 /~ NORTH MINE (~J ,~ (fJortC/'ueJe Reef) /:;" TG.ME /~ /0 /, //' "~ ,:'v' ~ KEY 0-- -- --, DOL OMITE TS". - - - TRANSITION .sHALES fMIDOLE &. LOWER GRASKOP MLSS---l5ANDSTONE & SHALE c, TRANSVAAL GOLD MINING ESTATES ~ .. 85 BERG SANO.5TONE ;; .. CENTRAL MINES 'tt " OG OLOER GRANITE <- ~t fO 0 5 MU.£S I 1 I 0 4 8 16 KU_OM£TR£S Fig. I-Plan showing the position of Lisbon and Berlyn in relation to Pilgrims Rest area of approximately 50 acres operated on Lisbon-Berlyn from In 1882, Mr Gwynne Owen arrived (20 ha) and situated on the north 1884 to 1890, described how he in Pretoria with some fine samples side of the Waterfall River and panned out 41 ounces of nuggets of gold from the farms Lisbon and approximately 1 km north-west of from a single prospecting pan of Lisbon Falls. Davies established Leader ore from the face of one of Berlyn, whose ownership he had himself in this Leader Belt, his Davies' adits. Mr Fraser said, 'The acquired. Taking some ofthe samples workings being described as 'Davies' Leader must have been well named to London, he succeeded in obtaining Jeweller's Shop'. and was really the start of the Mr Archie Fraser, an employee of Lisbon-Berlyn Company being financial backing and the Lisbon- the Lisbon-Berlyn Company, which formed'. Berlyn Company was floated. 126 NOVEMBER 1973 .JOURNAL OF TH!; SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF MINING AND METALLURGY THE GEOLOGY AND THE That the upthrust of these leaders MINING AND PRODUCTIVITY brought about a heavy deposition of ORIGIN OF THE GOLD The Lisbon-Berlyn Group was in gold on Lisbon and Berlyn is evi- active production over seven years The well-known geologist, the denced by reports, totalling 750 from 1884 to 1890. Operations took late Dr Leopold Reinecke, who was words, by the four mining engineers place on three areas of the farms. intimately connected with the dis- mentioned in the following covery of the Far West Rand, re- quotation2. Leaders ferred to Lisbon as one of the three It is well-known that amongst the The large belt of leaders previously areas in the Pilgrims Rest district richest properties in the Transvaal are mentioned. For the purpose of where the presence of a payable gold the two estates Lisbon and Berlyn, which adjoin and are practically one 'hydraulicking' the area, the Com- field was due to the intrusion of a property. The combined area totals pany in 1884 erected a weir 610 m granite batholith into the Black 18000 acres [7500 ha]. Four mining back from the falls, at a junction of Reef Series, namely, the boss at the engineers, John M. Stuart, John Web- ster, Mr Hamilton and Mr Penning the Lisbon Creek, Heddle's Gorge, base of the falls1. issued glowing reports on the findings and the Waterfall River. From the The geological horizon is the and prospects. Whilst not mentioning weir, a water-race, 2 km long, was Black Reef Series (shales and quart- any specific localities, they reported favourable mineralization over con- dug to supply the water for the zites). At one time the strata, with siderable areas. Mr Stuart estimated the hydraulic operations at the Mass of alluvial ground as extending over their associated reefs, sloped west- Leaders. The Company did some wards at a low angle of dip. At a later 3000 acres [1250 ha] with values running from 10 to 1000 ounces to the sluicing with monitors on this section period, a great eruption took place ton. Mr Hamilton's estimate was 5000 but, owing to the exposure of an in the area, disturbing the strata acres [2100 ha]. Mr Penning in his re- port quoted that taking into con- extensive dolomite bar, the work was over a distance of some 1050 m, the sideration the proved extent of ground abandoned. The weir and the water- western and eastern limits being containing auriferous leaders, their race, which can take the whole 600 m west and 450 m east of the average yield and probable extension, the value of the alluvial ground and river during low flow periods, are falls. The apex of this eruption was the existence of a large and constant still in existence. over the position where the Lisbon supply of water at a great elevation, Falls subsequently formed, the strata he had no hesitation in declaring that The Vertical Reef "Waterfall" [Lisbon and Berlyn] is an being erupted hundreds of metres extremely valuable gold mining prop- This is a wide leader cutting into the air. With this eruption, erty. across the Waterfall River from there was an upthrust of the batho- Whilst these engineers may have north to south and situated a short lith previously mentioned, and of been over-enthusiastic in their find- distance west of the weir. The Com- numerous vertical or nearly vertical ings, their reports must still have pany erected a treatment plant, but, leaders, the latter bringing up gold considerable bearing on the future as no cyaniding plants were in from the nethermost regions (Fig. 2). possibilities of Lisbon and Berlyn. existence in the late 80s and early 8e/ty Reef' Coo/ucl in Wme Wu/,.dull River. Wulerra!! S..cru Lisbon Creek and !?Ner Wme on Heddl" ,"orge .Junction turns Coold;; R eor NOr(' 5 I \ t~,?,~ E I, I,,;'on - - - ,FuIIJ~..£::.;;I;:'f",1lI."hr ;;' . j t IBo,ehore >0' I 5 ..,~I&-i~""'~' ;;:=.~--- -J()ouof {{R.' + +'-"~---+ I "lean 0 ~ ," ~:':,-,,2-~~. - r ' "- '-. ' ' ' 5 ++ 6++~d ~t I Is ;(:+ + + + + + + ! ",- Bo'ehole app,ox. r".~ 0,5km non" of 3 I section "," T,'al1""'OI1 5""'05 ""0 o"ti",a'od 150Ft (46"') 'h,ck. 5J cm\~",g~- "7~BUOk< t red formation a' CoOlds ne BoilS Reef 15 4111 above Belty Reef. /L4 un ,f1:{ [on'llo",eru/e bedJ of ,ooqlomeru/e PRINCIPAL REEFS: Theto,Beta,po"O,!"e", "",, Cly""s r"e 'Ho'k"" ",nd, i one by T.C,ME.at sepu' ated by Ce"" a'HI V",,",o"". ~ " Bclty Reel also Gool"'s'" """'" BOilS R..el 011 LIsbon' Beilyn. °' S'1Ildstone Reef on Beilyn. ~o~ -.. >VOR'-C 4 DOlOMITE BlaCk Reel f3 TRANSITION SHALES WITH t Se,;es \2 BERG SANDSTONE 5 MIDDLE SANDSTONES AND SHALES ,Of 6 INTRUSIVE BOSS .05 ,OMna 1-~ I-~--'--'--_L ~ -- + METRES 500 0 500' '000 ,"00 '600 Fig. 2-Sectlon west.east along the course of the Waterfall River ~OUR~A" OF Ttfe ~OUTtf AFR'CA~ 'fiSTITUTE OF MINING AND M!:TAf,.LURGY NOVEMBER 19n 127 90s, gold was recovered by mercury- Berlyn in normal strata and slightly Leaders and Alluvial constitute an covered copper plates. The per- to the east of the disturbed area. area of forty -eight claims, equivalent centage recovery was therefore low It is situated west of Heddle's to 67 acres (27 ha), along the in comparison with that obtained in Gorge and north of the dam (the Waterfall River, Lions Creek, and modern practice.
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