/fljwitntoMik/ NATIONAL PARK The National Park System, of which this park is a unit, is dedicated to conserving the scenic, scientific, and historic heritage of the for the benefit and enjoyment of its people.

Historic Events

1792 Capt. George Vancouver, of the Royal British Navy, first white man to record sight of "The Mountain," named it in honor of his friend, Admiral Peter Rainier. 1833 l-)r- William Fraser Tolmie entered northwest corner of what is now the park. First white man to penetrate this region. 1857 Lt. A. V. Kautz and four companions made first attempt to scale Mount Rainier but did not reach summit. 1870 Hazard Stevens and P. B. Van Trump made the first successful ascent via Gibraltar route. 1890 7he first woman, Fay Fuller, reached the summit of Mount Rainier. 1899 Mount Rainier National Park established by act of Congress. 1913 Elevation of Mount Rainier established as 14,408 feet above sea level by the Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. 1915 First public travel by automobile to Paradise Valley. 1916 National Park Service established in the United States Department of the Interior to administer the national parks and national monuments. 1931 Road completed to Sunrise, Yakima Park. 1940 East Side Highway completed.

WILD ANIMALS

It is dangerous for you to get near wild animals though they may appear tame. Some have become accustomed to humans but they still are wild and may seriously injure you if you approach them. Regulations prohibiting feeding, teasing, touching, or molesting wild animals are enforced for your own safety.

COVER: Mount Rainier from Mirror Lake, Indian Henrys Hunting Ground. MOUNT RAINIER NATIONAL PARK Open all year M ITXOUNT RAINIER, from a deep lake filling the caldera of ancient base amid rugged peaks, lifts its sum­ Mount Mazama in Crater Lake Na­ mit nearly 2 miles above the Cascade tional Park, Oregon, the recently Mountains of central Washington. active volcano of Lassen Volcanic Here rises a mighty mountain mass National Park, California, and the ribbed with lavas, and deeply cut by active volcanoes of Hawaii National glaciers that still fill its canyons. Park, Hawaii, are a part with Mount Flower meadows, alpine lakes, cas­ Rainier of the story of volcanism. cading rivers, and dark forests are all Mount Rainier National Park was elements of its foreground. Moun­ established by act of Congress on tain and foreground combine in a March 2, 1899. It contains 241,571 natural masterpiece, one of our coun­ acres of Federal lands. try's major scenic wonders, well de­ serving its place among the Nation's national parks. The Mountain While one national park differs from Mount Rainier, a towering, ice-clad others in many of its scenic features, volcano, is the distinctive feature of each tends to complement the others. Mount Rainier National Park. Lo­ Thus, the glaciers of Glacier National cated some distance west of the Cas­ Park, Montana, Olympic National cade Mountain crestline, the moun­ Park, Washington, and Mount Mc- tain, 14,408 feet high, is the most Kinley National Park, Alaska, and the superb landmark of the Pacific North­ glacier-carved peaks and canyons of west. It is made doubly impressive Grand Teton National Park, Wyo­ by the mantle of glacial ice that con­ ming, Rocky Mountain National Park, ceals all but the most rugged crags Colorado, and Yosemite National and ridges. In delightful contrast to Park, California, present different this bold and forceful landscape are aspects of the story of glaciers exem­ the flower-covered mountain meadows plified by the glaciers of Mount and deep forests encircling it. The Rainier. Likewise, the hot springs mountain covers approximately one- and geysers of Yellowstone National fourth of the park area. Park, Wyoming-Montana-Idaho, the 3 The Origin of In the eruptions that built Mount Mount Rainier Rainier, liquid lava, which cooled into widespread sheets of dark-colored, A long period of earth history, in­ columnar andesite, predominated at volving sedimentary rock formation, first. Later, flows alternated with out­ volcanic eruption on a grand scale, bursts of volcanic ash and cinders, with tremendous earth movements, and the fragmental material predominating in sculpturing action of rivers and gla­ the last stages of volcanic activity. ciers, is represented in Mount Rainier Thus, sheets of massive, dark lava form National Park. Long before Mount the immediate base of Mount Rainier, Rainier came into existence as an alternating layers of solid and fragmen­ individual peak, tremendous volcanic tal lava are clearly visible in the higher flows, together with the formation of ridges, and volcanic ash is abundant on sandstones and shales of river and lake the upper slopes and is deeply spread origin, built up a thickness of thou­ over many of the mountain parks. sands of feet of sedimentary rock and The summit is approximately 1 lava in what is now the region of the square mile in extent. It is broad and Cascade Mountain Range. Over a rounded, with three separate summits' long period of geologic time, earth rising from it—Liberty Cap to the movements gradually elevated the re­ north, with an elevation of 14,112 feet; gion as a platform standing from 8,000 Point Success to the south, 14,150 feet; to 10,000 feet or more above the and Columbia Crest to the east, 14,408 sea. Simultaneously, rivers carved feet. These three summits appear to their channels to depths of several form a part of a huge crater-like rim, thousand feet, thus sculpturing the broken on the west where glaeiers have uplifted platform into a network of carved a deep gash in the flank and irregular ridges and peaks, separated summit of the mountain. Columbia by canyons and valleys. Crest is on the rim of a smaller but After the Cascade Mountain Range more perfect crater some 1,200 feet in was uplifted and considerably dissected, diameter. The basin within this crater local eruption occurred, which resulted is filled with perpetual , but much in the building of individual cones of the year the crater rim is clearly out­ rising thousands of feet above it. Of lined by the exposed rock. Steam vents these, Mount Rainier is the highest and still persist within the crater, melting grandest of the series which, within the the snow to form hollows and small United States, extends from Mount caves. Mountaineers have found a Baker in northern Washington to Las­ refuge in these caves when forced to sen Peak in northern California. spend the night on the summit. These volcanoes, together with others of South and Central America, Alaska, Kamchatka, Japan, Malaya, the Phil­ Glaciers ippine Islands, the East Indies, and The original smooth-contoured New Zealand, formed a veritable "Cir­ slopes of a composite volcanic eone are cle of Fire" around the Pacific Ocean not evident on Mount Rainier today, in recent geologic, time. except from some viewpoints where 4 Courtesy Rainier National Park Co. Nisqually and Wilson Glaciers from the Skyline Trail above Paradise.

the long, exposed rock ridges and falls all owe their origin to the glacial cleavers, reaching from the base experience of the mountain area. toward the summit, give the moun­ The 26 active glaciers remaining on tain the symmetrical profile of a cone. Mount Rainier, although mere rem­ The profound basins and deep canyons nants of their former size, still cover between such ridges and cleavers have about 40 square miles and constitute been gouged in the mountain by the largest single-peak glacial system glaciers which during the past covered in the United States proper. Twelve not only the mountain proper, but are major glaciers originating cither in most of the lower ranges, canyons, and large cirques at elevations of about mountain parks of the Cascades as 10,000 feet or from the summit ice well. In fact, some of the glaciers of fields. The Emmons Glacier, on the Mount Rainier are believed to have northeast side of the mountain, and extended into the Puget Sound area. the Nisqually, on the south side, are the This more extensive glaciation was so best known and the most easily visited. recent in geologic time that the sculp­ The Emmons, approximately 5 miles turing and molding effects on the long, is the largest glacier in the landscape are very evident today. United States. All of the major The broad-floored and steep-walled glaciers extend well below timberline canyons of all the larger rivers radiat­ to elevations of about 4,000 feet. Of ing from Mount Rainier, the numer­ the 14 minor glaciers, Paradise is best ous cirques, faceted peaks, and saw- known and easiest to reach. In a toothed ridges of the Cascades, and comparatively small area, it exhibits the many lakes and spectacular water­ many of the features of mountain 5 glaciers—melt water, moraines, pol­ ished and fluted rocks, great cirques, and the broken, crevassed expanse of blue ice. At times, beautifully colored ice caves develop where the outlet stream flows from beneath the Para­ dise Glacier. Recent studies indicate that the ice of the Nisqually Glacier at mideleva- tions - is in continuous movement at a rate of about 25 feet per month. Such movement in all of the active glaciers thus slowly carries ice from the basins and canyons of upper ele­ vations, where the deep winter snow pack forms the glacial ice, to lower elevations, where most melting occurs. The heaviest snowfall comes at ele­ vations between approximately 5,000 and 10,000 feet as the summit is often above the storm clouds, both in Courtesy Brockman. summer and winter. The accumu­ Avalanche lily. lated snowfall adds to the weight of the ice and is thus partly responsible for the movement of the glaciers out ment are strikingly apparent over a of their basins. In modern times the period of years. melting at the lower levels has ex­ ceeded the replenishment by down­ Flowers and Forests ward movement. Each glacier thus is becoming shorter. The recession of Mount Rainier National Park is the Nisqually and Emmons Glaciers justly famous for the beauty of its floral has averaged about 75 feet per year for display. Probably no area excels that the past 20 years, while the Paradise surrounding the mountain in abun­ Glacier is melting back at the rate of dance of flowers or in the number of from 40 to 50 feet per year. Thus, individual species. The reason lies in each year new ground is exposed for the variety of topography, exposure, the first time in history. The slow soil, and climatic conditions especially advance of vegetation to cover the favorable to plant growth. newly exposed barren rock, the for­ The flowers of the heavily wooded mation of waterfalls where streams lower elevations embody many fea­ today plunge abruptly into canyons tures of interest, though they are not that were once ice-filled, the forma­ so generally known or appreciated as tion of small lakes—these and many the flowers of the subalpine meadows, other processes of landscape develop- largely because the latter offer more striking effects en masse. Neverthe- 6 less, the species of the deep woods, western anemone, marshmarigold, and such as the threeleaf anemone, alpine mountain buttercup take over the beauty, Canadian dogwood, Pacific meadows from the rapidly receding trillium, calypso, and the spring beauty, snowbanks; the second usually occurs actually outnumber those typical of the about a month later when the paint­ higher elevations. Many interesting brushes, lupines, speedwell or veronica, plants may be seen in bloom by early valerian, bistort or mountain dock, and May, but the flowers of the forests are many others tint these same meadows most numerous in July. in a variety of colors. Often in late In the mountain parks there are two summer, where the shade of a clump periods when the flower fields are of trees has retarded the melting of a most striking. The first is normally snowbank, one may find groups of in early July, depending upon the "early" flowers entirely surrounded by season, when the avalanche lily, those of the later season.

Main approach highways to Mount Rainier National Park.

7 8 9 Habitat, quite as much as season, is hemlock. Above about 5,200 feet reflected in the flower display. Thus there are subalpine meadows charac­ the saxifrages, phlox, Alaska spirea, terized by tree islands rather than polemonium, and Lyall lupine are thick forests. Alpine fir and moun­ among those growing near timber- tain hemlock are the typical trees, al­ line; while under the drier conditions though some amabilis fir and Alaska of the hillsides, dense mats of red and yellowcedar also occur. In the Yaki­ white heather, or mountainheath, are ma Park area, whitebark pine and most conspicuous. From the borders Engelmann spruce are found. of red and yellow mimulus along each rivulet to the brilliant red penstemon massed on the barren rocky cliffs, and Wildlife from the humble coltsfoot, first flower Two factors are primarily respon­ to appear at low elevation in May, to sible for the continued abundance of the last lingering gentian in Septem­ native mammals and birds in Mount ber, each season and each environ­ Rainier National Park. The animals ment provides its own special exhibit. are unmolested and pursue their native The effects of altitude and of habitat ways. With the exception of minor are reflected quite as definitely, if less areas where the public is accommo­ conspicuously, in the forest growth. dated, the primitive forests and mead­ The lowland forest, penetrating the ows and large wilderness areas, which park by way of the largest river valleys, provide homes, food, and protection reaches to an average elevation of for these animals, are preserved against around 3,500 feet. Characterized by any encroachment of civilization. It heavy density of stands and great size is no surprise in these conditions to find of individual trees, and impressive in the animal life relatively easy to ob­ its shaded, velvet-green beauty, the serve. More than 130 species of birds lowland forest is made up principally and 50 species of mammals have been of western hemlock, Douglas-fir, and recorded. Of these, the raccoons, western redcedar. The Sitka spruce found at lower elevations, the ground occurs in the vicinity of Carbon River. squirrels, chipmunks, and marmots, at Grand fir may be found, and above higher elevations, are commonly ob­ 2,500 feet amabilis fir, noble fir, and served. The Oregon jay, or camprob- western white pine are encountered, ber, and the Clark's nutcracker are although the three last-named species popular birds. Blacktail deer may be are more characteristic of the inter­ seen along the roads at lower elevations mediate forest. This intermediate from late fall until spring, when they forest lies between the dense forests move upward as snow disappears. of the lower areas and the parklike Bears are fairly common, and though subalpine meadows and contains some usually shy may sometimes be seen. of the species of both. The noble fir, The greatest thrill comes with the view amabilis fir, western white pine, and of mountain goats commonly seen dur­ Alaska yellowcedar are characteristic, ing the summer at and above timber- and the western hemlock of the low­ line in the vicinity of some of the gla­ lands here gives way to the mountain ciers. Bands of these magnificent

10 dwellers of the crags may often be seen representative park scenes. Beyond above Van Trump or Klapatche Parks, the roads are many trails which quickly on Emerald Ridge, the Colonnade, in leave behind all evidence of human the vicinity of Skyscraper Mountain, or habitation and take the hiker or horse­ the Cowlitz Chimneys. In recent back rider into truly primitive wilder­ years, small herds of elk, or wapiti, ness areas, through alpine meadows, have moved over the crest of the Cas­ past waterfalls and placid lakes, with cades into the southeastern portion of everchanging views of the mountain. the park. Where animals are com­ In addition to the many shorter pletely protected, as in a national park, trails, the 90-mile it is usually unnecessary and often un­ completely encircles Mount Rainier. wise to control their predators. A Portions of this trail offer many excel­ natural animal population prevails, lent 1-day hikes; and campsites with and the fortunate observer may catch shelter cabins, spaced from 8 to 12 a fleeting glimpse of a mountain lion, miles apart, make possible extended bobcat, or an occasional coyote. hiking and packing trips of a week or more. Weather It might be expected that in a region Interpretive Service having as much as 100 inches of pre­ Exhibits in the naturalist head­ cipitation, views of the mountains and quarters at Paradise, Yakima Park glaciers would be obscured much of Museum, Forest House at Ohanape- the time by clouds and fog. This is cosh, and the museum at Longmire, true during a portion of the year, but together with wayside exhibits along warm, clear weather may be expected the trails, help to explain the features during the height of the summer sea­ of interest of the surrounding area. son from about July 1 to early in Sep­ You can obtain helpful information by tember. Quite often Indian summer visiting these museums and exhibits. weather continues well into October. The office of the park naturalist is at Most of the falls as snow Longmire, where study collections of during the winter, and from late fall the flora and fauna and a reference until late winter the sky is usually over­ library are maintained. He and his cast. During late winter and early staff will be glad to assist you in mak­ spring, many clear, warm days may be ing your stay in Mount Rainier enjoy­ expected, interspersed between snow­ able. Illustrated talks on the natural storms. Depending upon the season, features of the park are presented the snow disappears between late May at Paradise, Longmire, Sunrise, and and early July at elevations com­ Ohanapecosh during the summer, and, parable to that of Paradise Valley. when possible, guided trips conducted to places of special interest. Roads and Trails in the Park Fishing There are 80 miles of roads within The glacial streams and high altitude the park leading into areas that offer lakes of the park do not generally 11 afford good fishing, but the more re­ heavy snowfall or when snowslides mote lakes and some of the clear occur. Skid chains are usually re­ streams yield fair to good catches late quired for at least a part of the drive in the season. No license is required. from the park boundary to Cayuse Unless posted as closed, lakes are open Pass. to fishing from July 4 to September 30, After the first heavy snow, other inclusive; and the season for streams roads in the park remain closed to conforms to that of the State of Wash­ travel until spring, except for the ington. Complete regulations govern­ Paradise Road, which is open all year. ing fishing are on file at all ranger Snow conditions may cause the road stations. to be closed for short periods until it is cleared and safe for travel. Tire Mountaineering chains are required for part of the drive during the winter. Mount Rainier presents a difficult Rope tows operate during the skiing climb over ridges of crumbling lava season (December 1 to May 1). A and pumice and along inclined and first-aid room, a snack bar, and a deeply crevassed ice fields and glaciers. warming hut are available in the Independent parties may climb the Paradise Lodge during the winter. mountain provided they have quali­ fied and experienced leaders. To No overnight accommodations are insure safety, all prospective summit available during the winter. climbers must register with a park Other park roads closed during the ranger at the time of starting the climb winter ordinarily are opened for travel and upon returning. Climbers must between June 15 and July 1. give evidence that they are physically Mowich Lake Road is ordinarily capable, have proper equipment, and open from mid-July until mid-Octo­ have had experience in similar haz­ ber. (See map on pages 8 and 9.) ardous climbing. Rules for summit climbs may be obtained at the office Approach Highways of the park superintendent. Mount Rainier National Park is easily accessible through the summer Winter Use over paved highways from Seattle, Ta- coma, Olympia, Yakima, and Portland. During the winter, heavy There are no connecting roads to the blanket the park at the higher eleva­ east side of the park from the Long- tions. In the Cayuse Pass-Tipsoo Lake mire-Paradise section or from Carbon area, snows reach an average depth of River to other sections of the park. approximately 15 feet, and the high country becomes a veritable fairyland. The winter season normally opens in Transportation to the Park December, with sufficient snow for The gateway cities to the park- skiing remaining until early May. The Seattle and Tacoma—are reached by Mather Memorial Parkway is open a number of railway, bus, and air lines. from the northern park boundary to Information on these services may be Cayuse Pass, except during periods of secured from travel agencies. 12 Courtesy Brockman. Skiing on Mount Rainier's slopes—a thrill for both amateurs and experts.

From late June to early September, Campgrounds at White River, Tahoma daily bus service is available from Ta- Creek, Sunshine Point, and Carbon coma and Seattle to Longmire, Para­ River, although less developed, have dise Valley, and Sunrise. Children similar facilities. At Tahoma Creek, under 12 years of age are charged at water must be taken from the stream. one-half fare rates. During the winter, Campground facilities are not avail­ there are no regularly scheduled public able during the winter. transportation facilities available to points within the park. Transportation rates may be ob­ Hotel and Cabin tained by writing the Rainier National Facilities Park Co., Box 1136, Tacoma 1, Wash. Paradise Valley (late June to early September). Various types of hotel Free Campgrounds rooms are offered at Paradise Inn, with Comfortable campgrounds at Long­ dining room and fountain service and mire, Paradise Valley, Sunrise, and a souvenir shop. Guide service avail­ Ohanapecosh are equipped with fire­ able for trail trips and summit climbs. places, tables, water, and sanitary facil­ Sunrise (late June to early Septem­ ities. Small community kitchens are ber) . There are no overnight accom­ maintained at Longmire and Sunrise. modations. A cafeteria, gas station, 13 and fountain are operated at Sunrise Mountain Topics Lodge, where some staple groceries may be purchased. James Longmire established a home­ stead around the mineral springs at Longmire. The National Park Inn Longmire in 1884 and completed a is open from May 1 to about October wagon road to this point in 1891. 31. Hotel rooms, a la carte meal and Hazard Stevens and P. B. Van fountain service, as well as fresh milk, Trump, who were the first men to limited groceries, gasoline, and oil are climb Mount Rainier, were guided as available. far as the head of Mazama Ridge by Sluiskin, a Yakima Indian. Ohanapecosh. The Ohanapecosh Lodge is open throughout the summer, President Taft was a passenger in American or European plan. House­ the first car to reach Paradise Valley keeping cabins are available at daily or in 1911. The road was not yet com­ weekly rates. A small store is operated pleted, and horses were hidden in the throughout the summer season. Mod­ forest to appear, much to the amaze­ ern bathing facilities are offered under ment of the President, each time his the supervision of a trained attendant car bogged down in the mud. for those desiring to use the hot mineral When the Paradise Road was under waters. construction at Glacier Bridge in 1907, Inquiries regarding accommoda­ the terminus of the Nisqually Glacier tions, rates, and reservations at Para­ was only a few hundred feet above the dise Valley or Longmire should be bridge site. addressed to the Rainier National Park There is no positive proof that Co., Box 1136, Tacoma 1, Wash.; at Mount Rainier has been active as a Ohanapecosh to the Ohanapecosh Hot volcano within historic time, although Springs Lodge, Packwood, Wash. there are reports that clouds of smoke were seen over the crater in the late 1800's. Clouds of dust blown from the Park Rangers pumice fields, however, often simu­ late smoke from an eruption. Park rangers are stationed in the Mount Rainier (14,408 feet) is the park to protect the natural features as fifth highest peak in the United States well as to give assistance. If you need exclusive of Alaska. The four higher information, or are in any difficulty, peaks are Mount Whitney (14,495 see a park ranger. feet) in Sequoia National Park, Calif., and Mount Elbert (14,431 feet), Mount Massive (14,418 feet), and Administration Mount Harvard (14,414 feet) in Colorado. Mount Rainier National Park is ad­ ministered by the National Park Serv­ The largest western redcedars of ice of the United States Department the park, some with 11 feet base diam­ of the Interior. A superintendent, eter, are in the Ohanapecosh district. whose address is Longmire, Wash., is The volcanic ash soil which covers in immediate charge. the mountain parks is easily disturbed 14 and erodes rapidly. Even a few it is out. An experienced outdoors- hikers cutting across trails will pro­ man will crush his cigarette and break duce lasting scars. his match with his thumb on the The volume of water flowing from burnt head. the glaciers increases tremendously Mountain goats, which are seen during the hot summer days. Thus, only at high elevations during the rivers which may be safely forded in summer, descend to lower ridges dur­ the morning become raging torrents, ing the winter and are often seen from impossible to cross, by late afternoon. the road between Nisqually Entrance The picking of wildflowers is pro­ and Glacier Bridge. hibited in all national parks. Some Park regulations prohibit the feeding flowers depend entirely upon the of deer. Many park deer have lost seeds that are produced one season to their instinctive fear of man and have replant the next year's crop. A single learned to beg for tidbits. Such arti­ flower picked from a natural setting ficial foods as they may thus receive will thus reduce the beauty of the are often injurious to their health, scene the next year. encourage dependency upon an uncer­ A magnificent natural feature as tain source of supply, and lessen the awe-inspiring as Mount Rainier be­ animal's resistance to disease and its comes less impressive if viewed from ability to shift for itself. a site littered with trash, tin cans, and While apparently friendly, the bears other debris. Please do not scatter are wild animals and should be treated refuse along the roadsides, trails, and as such. It is extremely dangerous parking areas. Use the receptacles and contrary to park regulations to provided for disposal. feed, molest, touch, or tease the bears. Only a tenderfoot will discard a Observe them only from a safe dis­ match or cigarette before he is positive tance.

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Douglas McKay, Secretary

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, Conrad L. Wlrlh, Director

15 Help us protect this park

Regulations are designed not only to Dogs and cats are allowed in the protect the natural features of the park park if on leash, crated or otherwise but also to aid you to enjoy this scenic under physical restrictive control at area. You are requested to assist the all times. They are not allowed on park administration by respecting the trails, and on other areas which the rules and the rights of others. The superintendent may designate. following synopsis and suggestions are Firearms. Unless adequately sealed, for your guidance;'complete rules and cased, broken down, or otherwise regulations may be seen at any ranger packed to prevent their use while in the station. Park rangers are here to help park, firearms are prohibited, except you as well as to enforce the regula­ upon written permission from the tions. superintendent. Entrance hours. Park gates are Trees, flowers, and animals. The open for entry or departure from 6 destruction, injury, or disturbance in a. m. to 11 p. m. any way of trees, flowers, birds, or ani­ Fires. Throwing away cigarettes, mals is prohibited. However, dead and cigars, matches, or any other burning fallen trees may be used for firewood. material along roads and trails is. pro­ Keep park clean. Keep your camp hibited. Smoking while traveling, on clean. As far as possible, burn gar­ trails is not allowed. Fire permits must bage in your campfire; place cans and be obtained from park rangers for residue in containers provided. If no building fires at any point other than container is provided, bury the refuse. at auto campgrounds. Build fires only Do not throw lunch papers, wrappers, at designated places; extinguish COM­ or other trash along roads or trails. PLETELY before leaving. Carry the material until you can burn Warning about bears. Feeding, it or place in receptacle. touching, or molesting of bears is Lost and found articles should be prohibited; the animals are wild and reported to a park ranger. may bite or strike. If left alone, Suggestions for improvements of the bears are seldom harmful. Bears any phase of the park operation and will break into camps or autos for management should be communicated food. to the superintendent.

VISITOR USE FEES A charge of $1 is made for each automobile, motorcycle, and housetrailer entering Mount Rainier National Park. This permit is good for 15 days. An annual permit, for the calendar year in which purchased costs $2. During the valid period of all 15-day permits, the cost thereof may be applied toward the purchase of a similar annual permit. You must show permit to reenter the park. All fees are deposited as revenue in the United States Treasury and offset, in part, appropriations made for operating the park.

Reprint 1956 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1956 O—369663