The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah Genesis 19 This Week

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah Genesis 19 This Week The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah Genesis 19 This week we come to the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. This is a hard section to read because of the perversion of the people living in these cities, but it is also hopeful because we see the Lord's redeeming hand in the midst of gross sinfulness. We see Lot's compromise with sin and how it leads to sorrow and death, and we see the rescue available because of God's mercy. In this passage, we learn that sis is attractive, deafening, and deadly and there is only one way out. The compromise with sin. The results of sin. The only way out - listen to God. GENESIS WEEK 13 Date: November 17 Title: The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah Main Passage: Genesis 18:16 – 19:38 Secondary Passages: Romans 1:18 – 32, 2 Peter 2:3 – 10, Jude 6 - 7 Passage for Memorization and Meditation: “For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth.” Romans 1:18 Overview: This week we come to the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. These chapters in Genesis are hard to read because of the gross perversion of the people living in these cities, and yet they are important to read because they warn us of the real destruction that comes if we stubbornly continue in our sin. Furthermore, they reveal to us God’s redeeming hand in the midst of our sinfulness. In Genesis 18 God reveals to Abraham his plan to destroy Sodom and Gomorrah. In God’s eyes Sodom and Gomorrah must be removed from the earth because they continue in their sin and perversion. Abraham intercedes for the cities and asks God to spare them for the sake of the righteous living in the cities. Sadly, there are no righteous people in Sodom or Gomorrah, including Abraham’s nephew Lot. When God reveals this to Abraham, Abraham steps aside and allows God’s wrath to fall from heaven. As an act of faith and commitment to God, Abraham doesn’t even venture into the city to warn his own nephew Lot. In an act of grace, God spares Lot by sending two angels to Sodom to warn Lot and his family. While the angels are in Sodom we get a disgusting glimpse of the perverseness of the people living in Sodom and Gomorrah when the men of Sodom come to Lot’s house and ask him to send the angels outside to be gang raped. Lot responds by offering his two virgin daughters to the perverted crowd of men. In this, Lot demonstrates that he is a selfish, evil and perverted man who fails to lead, guide and protect his family. He should have defended his daughters but instead he willingly offered them to his perverted friends and neighbors. In an act of grace, God again intervenes through the angels by striking the perverted men blind. Then the angels tell Lot to get out of the city before God’s wrath consumes the city. Unlike Abraham who repeatedly obeyed God, Lot stays in the city overnight, lingers the next morning and eventually has to be escorted out of the city by the angels. Lot then complains about having to relocate his family and asks the angels if he can continue to live close to Sodom and Gomorrah. The angels kindly agree and send Lot and his family on their way. 41 As God begins to destroy Sodom and Gomorrah for their perversion, Lot’s wife, whom Lot failed to lead, looks back and demonstrates that her commitment is more to Sodom than it is to God. God judges her for this by turning her into a pillar of salt. After seeing the destruction of Sodom, Gomorrah and his wife, Lot moves into the mountains to live alone in a cave with his two daughters. Lot again fails as a father by neglecting to find husbands for his daughters. In an act of desperation, Lot’s daughters get their dad drunk and have sex with him. The sons that come from Lot’s incest with his daughters are Moab and Benammi. Moab is the father of the Moabites and Benammi is the father of the Ammonites. Both these nations later become bitter enemies of God’s people. In Lot’s story we see the devastation that comes to families and communities when men stubbornly continue in their sin. In many ways Lot typifies all the men in Sodom and Gomorrah. As a man, Lot should have led, provided, served and instructed his family to godliness. But instead Lot failed. Like the men of Sodom and Gomorrah he became pas- sive, perverted, stubborn and selfish. As such, Lot’s wife loved Sodom more than she loved God and Lot’s daughters lived in light of the values they learned in Sodom instead of living in light of God’s goodness, grace and guidance. Lot’s story teaches us of the judgment that will come to us if we continue in our stubbornness and sin. Instead, we should run from sin to Jesus. Furthermore, Lot’s story teaches us of God’s incredible goodness. Though Lot is deserving of annihilation, God re- peatedly spares him and actually uses his evil incest for good. Eventually out of the Moabites comes a woman named Ruth. And from Ruth comes a king named David and a Savior named Jesus.1 Opening Question: Ǝ ēƎƎ('Ǝ+10ƎƎ0%)!Ǝ3$!*Ǝ5+1Ǝ0+(!.0! Ǝ/+)!0$%*#ƎĩƎ%#Ǝ+.Ǝ/)((ƎĩƎ%*Ǝ5+1.Ǝ(%"!Ǝ0$0Ǝ5+1Ǝ'*!3Ǝ %/$+*+.! Ǝ+ čƎƎƎ Why did you tolerate it even though you knew it was ungodly? What consequences did you suffer? Discussion Questions: Ǝ ēƎƎ! Ǝ!*!/%/ƎøĀč Ǝ ēƎƎ$0Ǝ +!/Ǝ+ Ǝ +Ǝ%*Ǝ0$!/!Ǝ2!./!/ĘƎƎ$0Ǝ +!/Ǝ0$%/Ǝ.!2!(Ǝ+10Ǝ$%/Ǝ$.0!.ĘƎ Ǝ ēƎƎ!/.%!Ǝ+ +)Ǝ* Ǝ+)+..$čƎƎ+. %*#Ǝ0+Ǝ 1 !ƎþƎ3$5Ǝ +!/Ǝ+ Ǝ !/0.+5Ǝ0$!/!Ǝ%0%!/ĘƎ Ǝ ēƎƎ$0Ǝ +!/Ǝ +0Ǝ +Ǝ%*Ǝ!*!/%/ƎøĀĘƎƎ$0Ǝ +!/Ǝ0$%/Ǝ.!2!(Ǝ+10Ǝ$%/Ǝ$.0!.Ę Ǝ ēƎƎ$0Ǝ +!/Ǝ0$!Ǝ !/0.10%+*Ǝ+"Ǝ+ +)Ǝ* Ǝ+)+..$Ǝ.!2!(Ǝ+10Ǝ+ ĝ/Ǝ2%!3Ǝ+"Ǝ/%*Ę Ǝ ēƎƎ$5Ǝ3/Ǝ%0Ǝ2!.5Ǝ#.%+1/Ǝ+"Ǝ+ Ǝ0+Ǝ !/0.+5Ǝ+ +)Ǝ* Ǝ+)+..$ĘƎƎ Application Questions: Ǝ ēƎƎ *Ǝ3$0Ǝ35/Ǝ.!Ǝ5+1Ǝ0+(!.0%*#Ǝ/%*Ǝ%*Ǝ5+1.Ǝ(%"!Ǝ+.Ǝ%*Ǝ5+1.Ǝ")%(5ĘƎƎ Ǝ ēƎƎ *Ǝ3$0Ǝ35/Ǝ%/Ǝ+ Ǝ.!/1%*#Ǝ5+1Ǝ(%'!Ǝ$!Ǝ.!/1! Ǝ +0ĘƎ 1 Matthew 1:5, Ruth 4:18 – 22 42 Ǝ ēƎƎ +3Ǝ*Ǝ+1.Ǝ/)((Ǝ#.+1,Ǝ!*+1.#!Ǝ5+1Ǝ0+Ǝ3('Ǝ%*Ǝ0$!Ǝ(%#$0Ǝ+"Ǝ+ Ǝ%*/0! Ǝ+"Ǝ%*Ǝ0$!Ǝ .'*!//Ǝ* Ǝ,!.2!.Ǝ Ǝ sion of sin? TABLE TIME WITH KIDS Ǝ ēƎƎ$0Ǝ % Ǝ+ Ǝ +Ǝ0+Ǝ0$!Ǝ0+3*/Ǝ+"Ǝ+ +)Ǝ* Ǝ+)+..$ĘƎ Ǝ ēƎƎ$5Ǝ % Ǝ+ Ǝ !/0.+5Ǝ0$!/!Ǝ0+3*/ĘƎ Ǝ ēƎƎ+!/Ǝ+ Ǝ0+(!.0!Ǝ/%*ĘƎ Ǝ ēƎƎ$0Ǝ/%*Ǝ.!Ǝ5+1Ǝ0+(!.0%*#ĘƎƎ Ǝ ēƎƎ('Ǝ3%0$Ǝ5+1.Ǝ'% /Ǝ+10Ǝ0$!Ǝ*!! Ǝ"+.Ǝ %(5Ǝ.!,!*0*!čƎƎ 43.
Recommended publications
  • God's Character in the Bible and the Koran Toward a Theology of Beauty
    Home :: Perspective Digest http://www.perspectivedigest.org/?issue=18-3 Perspective Digest God’s Character in the Bible and the Koran Christians and Muslims see the characteristics of God from quite different perspectives. Larry L. Lichtenwalter Toward a Theology of Beauty God intended that religion and art should be complementary expressions of His own character. Jo Ann Davidson The Trinity in the Old Testament The Hebrew Scriptures offer some telling glimpses into the nature of God. Jiří Moskala End Times and Salvation Eschatology is the anticipation of Christ’s multifaceted historical works of salvation from creation to new creation. 1 of 2 7/9/2013 1:25 PM God’s Character in the Bible and the Koran :: Perspective Digest http://www.perspectivedigest.org/article/110/archives/18-3/god-s-characte... Perspective Digest - a publication of the Adventist Theological Society Christians and Muslims see the characteristics of God from quite different perspectives. Larry L. Lichtenwalter It comes as no surprise that the Bible and the Koran create unique worldviews. Sacred writings generate worldviews in keeping with their respective meta‑narrative, reasoning, and symbolism. The assertions that each worldview both presuppose and project about God, the world, and human beings profoundly affect the adherent’s identity, spiritual experience, and ethics. There are many similarities and differences between biblical and koranic thought about the being and character of God. On the one hand, the concept of God in the Koran is significantly similar to the concept of God in the Bible. Many of the same attributes of God are asserted in both.
    [Show full text]
  • The Troubling Acts of God in the Old Testament: Noah’S Flood, Sodom and Gomorrah, the Egyptian Firstborn, the Destruction of the Canaanites Mako A
    The Troubling Acts of God in the Old Testament: Noah’s Flood, Sodom and Gomorrah, the Egyptian Firstborn, the Destruction of the Canaanites Mako A. Nagasawa Last modified: March 29, 2019 Introduction: Questioning the Character of God in the Old Testament In the Old Testament, God responded to certain human choices by taking human life. Those acts include the flood of Noah (Gen.7 – 8), the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah (Gen.18), the slaying of the Egyptian firstborn (Ex.12), the death of Aaron’s sons Nadab and Abihu (Lev.10:1 – 3), the slaying of disobedient Israelites (Num.11:1 – 2), the earth opening under Korah and his rebellion (Num.16), the battle with the Midianites and Moabites (Num.22 – 25; 31), the conquest of Jericho and the Canaanites (Gen.15:16 – 21; Josh.1 – 7), and the slaying of Uzzah who touched the ark of God (2 Sam.5). I have written about God’s treatment of Israel elsewhere, so here I will limit my comments to the general category of God taking human life, especially in the flood of Noah, Sodom and Gomorrah, the Egyptian firstborn, and the Canaanites. Any time we see human injustice and evil, we must ask, ‘What kind of god do we expect?’ What are the alternatives? There are three main options: 1. A god who does nothing and looks the other way 2. A god who is actually part of the evil and mischief, like Zeus stirring up the Trojan War 3. A god who responds to human evil and injustice by stopping it in some way In general, I would rather have a god who responds to human evil by stopping it in some way.
    [Show full text]
  • Hell of Torah Part 3 of 6: Sodom & Gomorrah; Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego (Presented Around April 2015)
    Hell of Torah Part 3 of 6: Sodom & Gomorrah; Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego (Presented around April 2015) The following text is based on a message from Corner Fringe Ministries that was presented by Daniel Joseph. The original presentation can be viewed at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxmAaIm3Ve4 *Portions of the video message have been edited to present a written document. All the Scripture verses are from the New King James Version unless otherwise noted and are in the red text. Therefore, it is recommended that this document is printed in color. The Hebrew is to be read from right to left. We are in our third week of our series The Hell of Torah. Over the last couple weeks, we've looked at the reality of the judgment that is to come upon the entire world. We have looked at the fact that that judgment is going to be manifested through fire, and that fire is going to be Torah, the Law of God. Now, this week I want to take a closer look at the effects that this fiery judgment is going to have specifically how it's going to impact all of humanity. When you look at Scripture closely, you realize that the fiery judgment that is coming upon the earth is not just going to be something that is experienced by the wicked alone. You will find that the righteous are also going to experience the hell of Torah. However, for the righteous, the experience is going to be somewhat different compared to the wicked.
    [Show full text]
  • BLE 2022 (Pdf)
    THE SCHOOL OF ARCHAEOLOGY, VERITAS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY AND THE COLLEGE OF ARCHAEOLOGY & BIBLICAL HISTORY, TRINITY SOUTHWEST UNIVERSITY Bible Land Expedition, Holy Land Tour 2022 “Discovering the Biblical World” 3 EXCITING OPTIONS! Option #1: Sodom Dig + Tour of Jordan and Israel (27 Feb–13 March 2022) Option #2: Tour of Jordan and Israel (4–13 March 2022) Option #3: Tour of Israel (6–13 March 2022) [Note: add 3 days for travel, 2 at the beginning, 1 at the end) Your Expert Teachers/Guides*: Dr Steven Collins and Dr Gary Byers OVERVIEW: BLE, and countless other churches and organizations, offer Holy Land Tours. But the title “Holy Land Tour” is where the similarity ends. The fact is, there isn’t another tour available that does, or can do, what a BLE tour does. Our guides and lecturers are expert Bible scholars and archaeologists, not local guides trained to cater to religious pilgrims as opposed to people interested in real biblical history and the archaeology that reveals it so dramatically. Not only will you experience the Holy Land’s breathtaking panoramas and biblical sites, but also you’ll see minute details illuminating biblical stories, subtleties that only expert eyes can reveal. BLE tours also balance both Old and New Testament history as it happened in both the Transjordan (Jordan) and Cisjordan (Israel). We also limit group size to a single bus (unlike many of the large tours that have multiple buses and spend more time waiting at restroom stops than actually visiting sites!), which is a real plus. The 2022 theme, “Discovering the Biblical World,” focuses on great biblical characters like Abraham, Moses, Joshua, Kings David and Solomon, Elijah, John the Baptist, and Jesus.
    [Show full text]
  • Witnessing Lot's Wife
    !1 Ariell Watson November 5, 2015 Lumen et Vita Symposium Witnessing Lot’s Wife: Traumatic Memory and Vicarious Trauma In Judeo-Christian popular imagination, the cities of “Sodom and Gomorrah” epitomize sinful hedonism and divine annihilation. In the midst of the apocalyptic scene of sulfur, fire, and destruction in the book of Genesis, we find a peculiar verse: “But Lot’s wife, behind him, looked back, and she became a pillar of salt.”1 This paper will interpret the biblical text as a tale of traumatic memory, examine the risk of vicarious trauma to caregivers, and affirm best practices in trauma care. In order to understand the role of traumatic memory and trauma care in this story, one must first identify the disruptive experiences that may have haunted Lot’s wife. The text offers very little insight to her past; we know neither her name nor her opinion of the events that led up to the family’s hasty departure from their home. One can infer, however, that Lot’s wife had witnessed several traumatic scenes in the previous hours: a mob at the door of her house; neighbors threatening to assault her husband and break in to their home; Lot offering up their unwed daughters to the sexual appetites of the crowd; and the hasty extraction of her family. On the way to safety, Lot’s wife made her fateful mistake: she “looked back,” against the angel’s instruction. Scholarly opinions diverge regarding whether the danger of “looking back” arose from the pain of grief, or from disobedience of divine injunction.
    [Show full text]
  • Illness and God's Will
    Running head: ILLNESS AND GOD’S WILL 1 Illness and God’s Will Sickness and Healing in the Life of a Believer John Sherret A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Spring 2015 Running head: ILLNESS AND GOD’S WILL 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. ______________________________ Randall Hubbard, Ph.D. Thesis Chair ______________________________ Garth McGibbon, M.S. Committee Member ______________________________ Ed Martin, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________ Brenda Ayres, Ph.D. Honors Director ______________________________ Date Running head: ILLNESS AND GOD’S WILL 3 Abstract Originally, God never put sickness on people. After the fall, the early history of man as recorded in the Bible further demonstrates Him refraining to use sickness. However, once the law was instituted God began to use sickness as a punishment. In the Old Testament, sickness was always defined as a curse and never a blessing. It was used by God to curse people for disobeying the law. In the New Testament, God was seen healing the multitudes instead of cursing them. Through the atonement of Jesus, believers have been redeemed from the curse of the law (Galatians 3:13). Healing has been provided with the forgiveness of sins. There are numerous reasons why people still are not healed but it is not God’s Will for them to remain ill. Running head: ILLNESS AND GOD’S WILL 4 Illness and God’s Will In the world today there are a variety of loosely held ideas regarding sicknesses of all kinds and their relationship to God.
    [Show full text]
  • Negotiations with God a D’Var Torah on Parashat Vayeira (Gen
    Negotiations With God A D’var Torah on Parashat Vayeira (Gen. 18:1 – 22:24) By Arnold Shugarman “Vayeira eilav Adonai b’eiloney mam’rei.” “Adonai appeared to him near the terebinths of Mamre.” The story of Abraham and Sarah continues. Three men (angels of God) approach Abraham’s tent. Abraham extends his hospitality to the strangers. One of the strangers tells Abraham that Sarah, already 90 years old, will have a son. Sarah overhears the conversation and laughs at this idea. The three men leave for Sodom. God tells Abraham that Sodom and Gomorrah will be destroyed because of the wickedness of the inhabitants. Abraham pleads with God to save the people, but to no avail. Two of the angels come to Sodom and are greeted by Lot who offers his hospitality to them at significant risk to his life. The angels tell Lot and his family of the impending destruction of the cities and urge them to leave. The angels warn them not to look back when they flee Sodom. Lot’s wife disobeys the warning and is turned into a pillar of salt. Abraham and Sarah travel to Gerar. Abraham introduces Sarah as his sister, and King Abimelech has her brought to him. God intervenes; King Abimelech restores Sarah to Abraham and, in penance, provides Abraham with riches. Sarah becomes pregnant as God promised and gives birth to Isaac, who is circumcised on the eighth day following his birth. Later, Sarah demands that Abraham send Hagar and Ishmael, Abraham’s son, away so that Isaac would be the sole beneficiary of Abraham’s possessions.
    [Show full text]
  • Do Not Neglect to Show Hospitality to Strangers, for by Doing That Some Have Entertained Angels Without Knowing It” – Sodom, Sex, and Hatred of the Other
    “Do not neglect to show hospitality to strangers, for by doing that some have entertained angels without knowing it” – Sodom, Sex, and Hatred of the Other The Genesis story of Sodom and Gomorrah is obviously a key text in any discussion of Bible and Homosexuality. It’s a shared story, not just of all the religious traditions, Samaritan, Jewish, Christian, who canonize collections of biblical texts as their Scripture, but it’s also retold and referred to frequently in the Qur’an and so forms an important narrative for Muslims, as well. From the name Sodom, we get the words sodomy and sodomite which have been used for centuries to defame and debase same sex love and eroticism. It’s not the only biblical text used against us LGBT folks, but probably because it’s a gripping disaster story, with the added frisson of divine retribution for unspeakable evil, it looms large in the imagination much more readily than the Levitical proscriptions, the sinner lists in 1 Corinthians and 1 Timothy, and the Gentile parody in Romans 1. However, unlike those passages, the Sodom and Gomorrah story is in many ways far easier to deal with. With Leviticus, the discussion is around the meaning of the Hebrew, what is being proscribed and why.1 With the New Testament texts, for the sinner lists so much hinges on the meaning of arsenokoitai, a word that appears for the first time ever in the Pauline corpus. What did Paul mean by it in 1 Corinthians and did it always have a “homosexual” referent or did that meaning develop over time? Likewise with Romans, what does Paul intend here and, more specifically, does he refer at all to female homoeroticism? Augustine didn’t think so and neither did Christians before him.
    [Show full text]
  • Reexamining Lot
    Religious Educator: Perspectives on the Restored Gospel Volume 14 Number 1 Article 6 1-2013 Reexamining Lot Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/re BYU ScholarsArchive Citation "Reexamining Lot." Religious Educator: Perspectives on the Restored Gospel 14, no. 1 (2013): 58-81. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/re/vol14/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Religious Educator: Perspectives on the Restored Gospel by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Reexamining Lot roseann benson RoseAnn Benson ([email protected]) is an adjunct professor of ancient scripture and Church history and doctrine at BYU. he story of Lot as found in the Old Testament leaves us with many unan- Tswered questions about this man and how to interpret whether he was ultimately an example of good or evil or something in between. For instance, why would the Apostle Peter call Lot a “righteous man,” considered by God to be both “godly” and “just” (2 Peter 2:7–9), in light of the fact that Lot had “pitched his tent toward Sodom” (Genesis 13:12) and then moved his family to a city known throughout scripture for its wickedness (see Genesis 19:1, 16, 29)? The Book of Abraham and the Joseph Smith Translation provide signifi- cant insights into the relationship between Lot and Abraham, but neither comments on Lot’s righteousness, because their focus is on Abraham.1 This Departure of Lot and His Family from Sodom from and His Family Departure of Lot paper examines canonical evidence and notes noncanonical statements that support Peter’s pronouncement of Lot as a righteous, godly, and just man who was comparable to Noah, “a preacher of righteousness” (2 Peter 2:5).
    [Show full text]
  • Lesson 20 - Genesis 19 & 20
    Lesson 20 - Genesis 19 & 20 GENESIS Lesson 20 - Chapters 19 and 20 We have talked from time-to-time about the importance of bringing the Jewishness, and the Hebrew language and culture, back into Christianity, and back into the basic understanding of the Holy Scriptures; and here in the next few verses we get an example of why that is so important. Let me preface this by saying something about the translator and writer of the Complete Jewish Bible that I read to you from: he is a Messianic Jew. So, while he brings the Jewishness back into the Scriptures, he also brings some Tradition with him that can swing the translation from having the typical over weighted “gentile” bent that we’re used to reading, to having a somewhat over weighted “Traditional Jewish” bent. And, it shows up here, because his Jewish background causes him to not use God’s name (Yahweh), and instead he substitutes the word Adonai or it’s English translation, “lord”; we’ll find that throughout the CJB. RE-READ GEN. 19: 13-29 In verses 13 and 14, where my Complete Jewish Bible reads “Adonai”, and yours likely reads “Lord”, the actual original Hebrew was Yud-Heh-Vav-Heh…….Y-H-W-H, “Yahweh”. And, who is Yahweh? The Lord God Almighty is being referred to here, by his actual personal name, when the 2 angels explain that YAHWEH sent them, and YAHWEH has instructed them to destroy the city. A pre-incarnate Jesus didn’t instruct them; the Holy Spirit did not instruct them; God the Father, Yahweh, who gentile Christians call Jehovah, instructed them.
    [Show full text]
  • The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah Revisited: Military and Political Reflections
    Wabyanga, “Destruction of Sodom,” OTE 28/3 (2015): 847-873 847 The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah Revisited: Military and Political reflections ROBERT KULOBA WABYANGA (KYAMBOGO UNIVERSITY, UGANDA) ABSTRACT That Sodom and Gomorrah in Genesis have been a subject of constant cognitive itch is a truism rather than fiction. Aware that the HB is an ideological text, the story of Jordan states notably Sodom and Gomorrah may need further reflections outside sexual frontlines but from the perspectives of political dynamics of the ANE. This paper explores Sodom and Gomorrah as a political and military story that turned theological and ideological. I opine that the fire that razed Sodom and Gomorrah could have been the result of military invasion(s). What is however intriguing is the interest of the biblical writer: at what points would the military or political afterlife of Sodom and Gomorrah meet with the ideological interests of the Bible writer? What interests does the writer have in Sodom and Gomorrah that he finds it necessary not only to conceal the historical reality but also invent ideas and imageries of Sodom and Gomorrah as condemned cities? The paper employs Clines’ and Exum’s strategies of reading against the grain and defragmenting the stories. In this case, the different stories of Sodom and Gomorrah in chs. 10, 13, 14, 18 and 19 are read critically and in conversation with each other. KEYWORDS: Sodom and Gomorrah, Abraham, crimes against humanity, military invasion, ideological criticism. A INTRODUCTION That Sodom and Gomorrah have been a subject of constant cognitive itch is a reality rather than fiction.
    [Show full text]
  • Nineveh and Sodom Juxtaposed: Contrasts and Parallels
    NINEVEH AND SODOM JUXTAPOSED: CONTRASTS AND PARALLELS ABRAHAM EPHROS In their behavior, the inhabitants of the pagan cities Sodom and Nineveh 1 shared a common bent for wickedness and violence. Nevertheless, the latter suffered no punishment whatsoever, whereas the former was totally de- stroyed. In the case of Sodom, God is determined to apply the full measure of His in apparent disregard of the resulting [ מידת הדי] attribute of strict justice unjust punishment inflicted upon innocents, few as they may be, along with the guilty. Man, represented by Abraham, confronts the Master of the Un- iverse with the immortal words: '. shall not the Judge of all the earth do justly?' (Gen. 18:25), and God relents at least to the extent of forgoing the destruction if there are 10 righteous men in Sodom. However, in the Nineveh narrative, man, in the guise of the Prophet Jonah, opposes a seemingly overly generous application of the Lord's attribute of -The prophet, unlike Father Abraham, does not chal .[ מידת הרחמי ] mercy lenge the Lord directly; instead, he makes an a priori doomed attempt to flee rather than carry out the Divinely decreed mission of mercy. But God pers- ists. Thus, the contrasting stories of Sodom and Nineveh may seem to be unre- lated. Nevertheless, supposedly, such biblical texts may be connected by a homiletic device in which texts contain very similar (if not identical) words or expressions. This is done in order to reveal subtly hidden messages lurking beneath the surface. Some instances of shared words and expressions (verbal parallelisms) may be found in the texts on Sodom and Nineveh.
    [Show full text]